CN112530392B - A multi-mode broadband high-power directional emission longitudinal vibration underwater acoustic transducer - Google Patents
A multi-mode broadband high-power directional emission longitudinal vibration underwater acoustic transducer Download PDFInfo
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- CN112530392B CN112530392B CN202011403198.XA CN202011403198A CN112530392B CN 112530392 B CN112530392 B CN 112530392B CN 202011403198 A CN202011403198 A CN 202011403198A CN 112530392 B CN112530392 B CN 112530392B
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- longitudinal vibration
- flexible ring
- piezoelectric ceramic
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
- G10K9/12—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated
- G10K9/122—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated using piezoelectric driving means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/44—Special adaptations for subaqueous use, e.g. for hydrophone
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种多模态宽带大功率指向性发射纵振水声换能器，涉及水声换能器领域，包括一个带柔性环纵振换能器振子、一个方形圆筒结构共振腔外壳、去耦支撑结构和尾部密封端盖；带柔性环纵振换能器振子由一个带柔性环前盖板、一个压电陶瓷晶堆、一根应力螺杆和一个后盖板组成。利用液腔耦合原理，在带柔性环纵振换能器振子前盖板前端设计一个方形圆筒结构的液体耦合腔，会在双盖板纵振换能器的两个谐振之间会产生一个新的共振谐振峰。本发明的有益效果为：频带较宽，可以在中低频2.5～7.5Hz范围内宽带发射；工作频带内后向辐射小，单向辐射能力强；结构尺寸可以根据实际工程需要加以调整，具备深水工作能力，适装性好、布阵灵活。
The present invention discloses a multi-mode broadband high-power directional emission longitudinal vibration underwater acoustic transducer, which relates to the field of underwater acoustic transducers, including a longitudinal vibration transducer vibrator with a flexible ring, a square cylindrical structure resonance cavity shell, a decoupling support structure and a tail sealing end cover; the longitudinal vibration transducer vibrator with a flexible ring is composed of a front cover plate with a flexible ring, a piezoelectric ceramic crystal pile, a stress screw and a rear cover plate. Utilizing the liquid cavity coupling principle, a square cylindrical structure liquid coupling cavity is designed at the front end of the front cover plate of the longitudinal vibration transducer vibrator with a flexible ring, which will generate a new resonance resonance peak between the two resonances of the double cover plate longitudinal vibration transducer. The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the frequency band is wide, and broadband emission can be achieved in the medium and low frequency range of 2.5 to 7.5 Hz; the backward radiation within the working frequency band is small, and the unidirectional radiation capability is strong; the structural size can be adjusted according to the actual engineering needs, and it has the ability to work in deep water, good adaptability and flexible array.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of underwater acoustic transducers, in particular to a multimode broadband high-power directional emission longitudinal vibration underwater acoustic transducer.
Background
The longitudinal vibration transducer, also called as Tonpilz transducer, is widely applied to the field of underwater acoustic transducers due to the simple structure and stable working performance. The transmitting operation bandwidth of the transducer influences the overall performance of the active sonar, such as the information content of echo, the transmission rate of signals, the reverberation resistance and the like.
The active sonar is a device for transmitting sound waves into water, and in order to enable the sound waves to propagate for a longer distance and obtain a better transmitting effect, a plurality of underwater sound transducers are generally adopted to form a transmitting sound matrix so as to realize high-power directional transmission. The active sonar transmitting acoustic array is usually a plane type or cylindrical acoustic array, and a spherical array is partially used, and the longitudinal vibration transducer is the most common array unit and has the characteristics of good fitting property, flexible array and the like.
The traditional longitudinal vibration transducer is mostly a single vibration mode transducer, has strong directional radiation capability, but has a generally narrow response frequency band, and is difficult to realize broadband operation. In order to increase the working frequency band of the transducer, the dual resonance can be obtained only by superposing other vibration modes, and the superposed expansion modes such as a front cover plate bending vibration mode, a matching layer vibration mode, dual excitation vibration mode coupling, a mass block vibration mode in a flexible ring and the like can be generally selected. The dual-mode dual-resonance technology is an important technology for widening the frequency band of the longitudinal vibration transducer, but the broadband which can be obtained by the dual-mode longitudinal vibration transducer in a middle-low frequency band is limited, the difficulty in distributing and adjusting the amplitude of resonance points of two resonance modes is high, a response concave point usually appears between the two resonance frequencies, so that the emission response fluctuates greatly, the electroacoustic efficiency at the response concave point is low and the acoustic power is insufficient, and the transmission response is usually more than 5 dB.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide the multimode broadband high-power directional emission longitudinal vibration underwater acoustic transducer which has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in use, safety and reliability.
The invention aims at achieving the following technical scheme that the multimode broadband high-power directional emission longitudinal vibration underwater acoustic transducer comprises a resonant cavity shell, a longitudinal vibration transducer vibrator with a flexible ring, a front cover plate rear decoupling supporting structure, a rear cover plate rear decoupling supporting structure and a tail sealing end cover, wherein the resonant cavity shell is of a cylindrical structure with an opening up and down and a through inside, the resonant cavity shell comprises a lower cylinder, and the diameter of the upper part of the lower cylinder is narrowed and extends upwards to form an upper cylinder; the longitudinal vibration transducer vibrator with the flexible ring comprises a front cover plate with the flexible ring, a piezoelectric ceramic crystal pile, a rear cover plate and a stress screw rod, wherein the front cover plate with the flexible ring is of a horn-shaped structure with a circular ring-shaped cavity at the lower part, the rear cover plate is arranged at the upper part of the front cover plate with the flexible ring, the piezoelectric ceramic crystal pile is arranged between the front cover plate and the rear cover plate, the stress screw rod penetrates through the rear cover plate and the piezoelectric ceramic crystal pile and is fixed at the upper part of the front cover plate with the flexible ring, the stress screw rod is used for applying prestress to the piezoelectric ceramic crystal pile, the front cover plate with the flexible ring, the piezoelectric ceramic crystal pile and the rear cover plate are coaxial, the longitudinal vibration transducer vibrator with the flexible ring is placed in an inner cavity of a resonance cavity shell, the lower part of the front cover plate with the flexible ring is in contact with the inner wall of a lower cylinder to seal, a resonance area of the resonance cavity is formed between the inner wall of the lower cylinder and the upper surface of the front cover plate with the flexible ring, the depth of the liquid cavity is controlled through a front cover plate rear decoupling support structure arranged in the resonance area, the front cover plate with the flexible ring upper part, the piezoelectric ceramic crystal pile and the rear cover plate extend into an upper cylinder, the rear part of the rear decoupling support structure is fixed at the center of the resonance cavity is arranged in the upper cylinder, the resonance cavity is fixed at the resonance cavity end cover end of the resonance cavity end cover is fixed with a sealing end cover, the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack is electrically connected with the tail sealing end cover.
As a preferable technical scheme, the resonant cavity shell is made of corrosion-resistant metal materials.
As a preferable technical scheme, the lower part of the lower cylinder is outwards expanded to form a square head.
As the preferable technical scheme, the contact sealing part of the front cover plate with the flexible ring and the inner wall of the lower cylinder is provided with an O-shaped ring sealing groove along the circumferential direction for embedding and installing the O-shaped sealing ring A.
As the preferable technical scheme, the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack is formed by bonding even piezoelectric ceramic elements, metal electrode plates and piezoelectric ceramic gaskets at two ends, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic elements are polarized along the thickness direction, the polarization directions between two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic elements are opposite, positive and negative output leads are led out through the metal electrode plates, and the piezoelectric ceramic gaskets adopt non-polarized piezoelectric ceramic elements to realize electric isolation.
The stress screw rod is characterized in that one end of the stress screw rod is provided with a hexagon boss and is fixed on the rear cover plate, and the other end of the stress screw rod is provided with threads and is connected with the upper part of the front cover plate with the flexible ring in a threaded manner.
As an optimal technical scheme, the tail sealing end cover is provided with a watertight connector mounting hole or a watertight cable vulcanization interface.
As an optimal technical scheme, the tail sealing end cover is sealed with the resonant cavity shell through an O-shaped sealing ring B.
As an optimal technical scheme, the tail sealing end cover is made of a corrosion-resistant metal material.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. The frequency band is wider, and the broadband emission can be realized in the range of 2.5-7.5 Hz of the middle and low frequencies;
2. The backward radiation in the working frequency band is small, and the unidirectional radiation capacity is strong;
3. The structural size can be adjusted according to actual engineering requirements, and the deep water working capacity is achieved, the adaptability is good, and the arrangement is flexible.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a resonant cavity enclosure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a transducer vibrator with flexible ring.
Fig. 4 is a transmission response curve of a transducer vibrator with flexible ring vibration.
Fig. 5 is a transmission response curve of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a directivity diagram of each operating frequency of the present invention.
The reference numerals indicate that the resonant cavity shell 1, the upper cylinder 1-1, the lower cylinder 1-2, the square head 1-3, the front cover plate 2 with the flexible ring, the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack 3, the rear cover plate 4, the stress screw 5, the front cover plate rear decoupling support structure 6, the rear cover plate rear decoupling support structure 7, the tail sealing end cover 8, the O-shaped sealing ring A9 and the O-shaped sealing ring B10.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings:
The embodiment is shown in figure 1, the multimode broadband high-power directional emission longitudinal vibration underwater acoustic transducer comprises a longitudinal vibration transducer vibrator with a flexible ring, a resonant cavity shell 1, a front cover plate rear decoupling supporting structure 6, a rear cover plate rear decoupling supporting structure 7 and a tail sealing end cover 8, wherein the longitudinal vibration transducer vibrator with the flexible ring consists of a front cover plate 2 with the flexible ring, a piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack 3, a stress screw 5 and a rear cover plate 4.
As shown in fig. 2, the resonant cavity shell 1 is made of corrosion-resistant metal materials such as stainless steel or titanium alloy, the resonant cavity shell 1 is of a cylindrical structure with an opening up and down and a through inside, the resonant cavity shell comprises a lower cylinder 1-2, the diameter of the upper part of the lower cylinder 1-2 is narrowed and extends upwards to form an upper cylinder 1-1, the lower part of the lower cylinder 1-2 extends outwards to form a square head 1-3, the square head 1-3 has a certain thickness and plays a role of a metal sound baffle, and the size of a square surface is matched with the transducer array requirement to meet the close-packed use of transducers in array.
As shown in fig. 3, the front cover plate 2 with the flexible ring is made of a metal material with smaller density, such as a hard aluminum alloy material, the lower end is in the shape of a large cylinder and a small circular table (horn shape), an O-shaped ring sealing groove is formed in the circumferential direction of the large cylinder end and is used for placing an O-shaped sealing ring A9, a liquid cavity resonance area is formed between the upper surface of the large cylinder (the front cover plate 2 with the flexible ring) and the inner wall of the lower cylinder 1-2, the flexible ring part is in a circular ring cavity structure connected with the small end of the circular table, the other end of the flexible ring part is a small cylinder cover plate with a threaded hole in the center, the small cylinder cover plate and the piezoelectric ceramic gasket of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal pile 3 can be realized through metal welding or hollowing out of the cylindrical metal material, steps with the same diameter as the ceramic crystal pile are cut and used for positioning when the ceramic crystal pile is bonded, and the threaded hole is used for installing the fixed stress screw 5. The inner diameter of the lower cylinder 1-2 is matched with an O-shaped sealing ring A9 of the front cover plate 2 with the flexible ring to form an independent liquid cavity interval, and the front cover plate 2 with the flexible ring can be coated and isolated in the lower cylinder 1-2 through polyurethane or rubber materials to play a watertight role, so that liquid in the liquid cavity interval is prevented from entering the vibrator of the longitudinal vibration transducer with the flexible ring.
The piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack 3 is formed by bonding an even number of piezoelectric ceramic elements, metal electrode plates and piezoelectric ceramic gaskets at two ends, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic elements are polarized in the thickness direction, the polarization directions of the two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic elements are opposite, positive and negative output wires are led out through the metal electrode plates, and the piezoelectric ceramic gaskets are electrically isolated by adopting non-polarized piezoelectric ceramic elements.
The rear cover plate 4 is made of a metal material with high steel isodensity, is of a cylindrical structure with a central through hole, has a diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the upper cylinder 1-1, and one end of the rear cover plate 4 is cut with a step with the same diameter as that of the ceramic crystal stack for positioning when the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack 3 is bonded, and the other end of the rear cover plate 4 is reserved with a step positioned with the rear decoupling support structure 7 of the rear cover plate.
The stress screw 5 is a metal rod with one threaded end and one hexagonal boss, the material is made of modulated high-strength structural steel, the stress screw 5 penetrates through a central through hole of the rear cover plate 4 and the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack 3, the threaded end of the stress screw 5 is connected with a threaded hole of the front cover plate 2 with the flexible ring, prestress is applied to the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack 3, and the front cover plate 2 with the flexible ring, the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack 3 and the rear cover plate 4 are required to be coaxial after stress application.
The decoupling support structure is arranged at the rear end of the front cover plate 2 and the rear cover plate 4 with the flexible rings, and is made of non-metal decoupling materials, such as hard foam materials or cork rubber materials, and is used for supporting and fixing the position of the longitudinal vibration transducer vibrator with the flexible rings in the resonant cavity shell 1. The front cover plate back decoupling support structure 6 is arranged in a liquid cavity resonance area formed between the upper surface of the front cover plate 2 with the flexible ring and the inner wall of the lower cylinder 1-2, can limit the position of the front cover plate 2 with the flexible ring penetrating into the resonance cavity shell 1, is used for customizing the liquid cavity height of the liquid cavity resonance area formed by the front cover plate 2 with the flexible ring and the resonance cavity shell 1, can change the frequency position and the response size of liquid cavity resonance by adjusting the liquid cavity height, and the back cover plate back decoupling support structure 7 is arranged in the upper cylinder 1-1 and is used for fixing the distance of the back cover plate 4 in the resonance cavity shell 1 so as to ensure that the vibrator of the longitudinal vibration transducer with the flexible ring is positioned in the center of the resonance cavity shell 1 after being installed and cannot deviate.
The tail sealing end cover 8 is made of corrosion-resistant metal materials such as stainless steel or titanium alloy, is sealed with the inner diameter of the resonant cavity shell 1 (the upper cylinder 1-1) in a matched mode through the O-shaped sealing ring B10, and is fixed on the upper end face of the resonant cavity shell 1 through bolts, so that the transducer has the deepwater working characteristic. The tail sealing end cover 8 is electrically connected with the positive and negative electrode outputs of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack 3 through wires, and the cable is led out through watertight connector mounting holes or watertight cable vulcanization interfaces reserved on the tail sealing end cover 8.
The invention is based on the basic theory that a liquid coupling cavity with a square cylinder structure is designed at the front end of a front cover plate of a cylindrical longitudinal vibration transducer by utilizing the liquid cavity coupling principle, so that a new resonance peak can be generated between two resonances of a double-cover plate longitudinal vibration transducer, and the resonance can have a certain influence on two longitudinal vibrations, but the coupling cavity is highly optimized, so that the overall emission voltage response can be flattened. The coupling cavity is formed by adding a square cylindrical metal shell structure on the periphery of the radiation surface of the front cover plate of the transducer and extending the square cylindrical metal shell structure backwards to form a cylindrical shell which wraps the whole transducer to form a whole, thereby not only providing the effect of expanding frequency bands, but also realizing the pressure resistance by utilizing the strength of the metal structure, and the square part also has the effect of a metal anti-sound baffle so that the transducer has the deepwater performance and the unidirectional radiation capability.
Referring to figures 4,5 and 6, compared with a classical longitudinal vibration transducer and a traditional Janus transducer, the invention has the innovation points that firstly, compared with a single-mode and double-mode longitudinal vibration transducer, the transducer realizes multi-mode three-resonance broadband operation, secondly, compared with the traditional Janus transducer, the transducer has the characteristic of unidirectional radiation specific to the longitudinal vibration transducer, can be better suitable for the array design of the transducer array, has small mutual radiation influence, and thirdly, a coupling resonant cavity structure adopts a novel square round hole structure, can be used as a liquid coupling cavity to expand bandwidth, can be used as a metal anti-sound baffle to optimize low-frequency directivity and is extended backwards to form a cylindrical shell to have deepwater working capacity.
It should be understood that equivalents and modifications to the technical scheme and the inventive concept of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims appended hereto.
Claims (9)
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| CN202011403198.XA CN112530392B (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2020-12-04 | A multi-mode broadband high-power directional emission longitudinal vibration underwater acoustic transducer |
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| CN202011403198.XA CN112530392B (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2020-12-04 | A multi-mode broadband high-power directional emission longitudinal vibration underwater acoustic transducer |
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| CN112530392A CN112530392A (en) | 2021-03-19 |
| CN112530392B true CN112530392B (en) | 2025-02-07 |
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| CN114482987B (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2024-08-27 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 | Low-frequency multimode dipole transmitting transducer |
| CN119024317B (en) * | 2024-10-28 | 2025-03-11 | 之江实验室 | Imaging sonar and matching layer encapsulation method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN214410766U (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-10-15 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 | Multi-mode broadband high-power directional emission longitudinal vibration underwater acoustic transducer |
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| US5268879A (en) * | 1991-12-03 | 1993-12-07 | Raytheon Company | Electro-acostic transducers |
| CN100530348C (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2009-08-19 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Double resonant vibrations and double promptings longitudinal vibration transducer |
| JP5257277B2 (en) * | 2009-07-03 | 2013-08-07 | 日本電気株式会社 | Acoustic transducer |
| CN101699559A (en) * | 2009-11-05 | 2010-04-28 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 | Broadband wide-wave-beam longitudinal vibration transducer |
| CN102750941B (en) * | 2011-04-20 | 2014-01-08 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | A deep-water ultra-broadband spherical transducer |
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| CN214410766U (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-10-15 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 | Multi-mode broadband high-power directional emission longitudinal vibration underwater acoustic transducer |
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