CN112430109A - 一种合金粉末用导流管及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910019714 Nb2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Sc]O[Sc]=O HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005262 decarbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- GALOTNBSUVEISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum;silicon Chemical compound [Mo]#[Si] GALOTNBSUVEISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical group [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004807 desolvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明属于耐火材料领域，具体涉及一种合金粉末用导流管及其制备方法。导流管采用高纯氧化锆为主要原料，并添加CaO、MgO、Y2O3、Nb2O3、CeO2和Sc2O3六种化合物作为稳定剂，高纯氧化锆与六种化合物的加入量按质量比分别为：高纯氧化锆82‑91%、CaO1.5‑3.0%、MgO1.5‑3.0%、Y2O31.5‑3.0%、Nb2O31.5‑3.0%、Sc2O31.5‑3.0%；混合均匀后，在电弧炉内高温熔化，再经氧化吹球除碳、破碎工艺制得复合稳定氧化锆细粉原料。本发明有效解决了气雾化工艺导流管抗热震性能差、不耐侵蚀和冲刷，以及扩径严重的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于耐火材料技术领域，具体涉及一种合金粉末用导流管及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来，金属3D打印、金属注射成型、高温合金等行业发展迅速，对合金粉末的品质要求越来越高。合金粉末粒度及其分布、纯度以及生产效率等与合金粉末制备工艺技术有关。气雾化制备合金粉末具有粒度细、球形化高、纯度高、能耗小以及对环境友好等有点，已成为近年来国际上高性能合金制粉技术发展的主要方向。
导流管是气雾化工艺关键部件之一，要求导流管在服役中能经受不低于1500℃的高温，能经受住高大800℃的温差热冲击，经受高压高速合金液的冲刷和侵蚀，而且在服役中不能开裂、掉渣，且要求导流管孔径扩径在10%以内。在如此苛刻的服役环境中，现用氮化硼材质由于强度低、不耐侵蚀等缺点严重影响合金粉末的质量和生产的连续性。国内虽有氧化锆材质的导流管产品，但存在服役中易开裂、掉渣、不耐合金液侵蚀、扩径严重等诸多问题。国外氧化锆材质的导流管，使用性能尚可，但是由于其产品致密度较低（显气孔率14%，体积密度4.8g·cm-3）以及氧化抗脱溶性差导致在使用中扩径严重的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种合金粉末用导流管及其制备方法，以克服现有技术的不耐侵蚀的技术问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种合金粉末用导流管，导流管采用高纯氧化锆为主要原料，并添加CaO、MgO、Y2O3、Nb2O3、CeO2和Sc2O3六种化合物作为稳定剂，高纯氧化锆与六种化合物的加入量按质量比分别为：高纯氧化锆82-91%、CaO1.5-3.0%、MgO1.5-3.0%、Y2O31.5-3.0%、Nb2O31.5-3.0%、Sc2O31.5-3.0%；混合均匀后，在电弧炉内高温熔化，再经氧化吹球除碳、破碎工艺制得复合稳定氧化锆细粉原料。
一种合金粉末用导流管的制备方法，制备方法采用气雾化法制备，具体包括以下步骤：
1)按比例称取原料，并在混料机内混合均匀；
2)将混均匀的原料倒入电弧内高温熔化；
3)将熔融液体经高压气体吹球除碳，得到氧化锆球；
4)将氧化锆球破碎；
5)将破碎的氧化锆细粉倒入造粒机内，加入结合剂造粒、过筛；6)将造粒料倒入模具中，机压成型；
7)将机压坯体在硅钼棒电阻炉内1700-1760℃保温4-8小时；
6)成品检验入库。
与现有技术相比，本发明选取六种稳定剂，因氧化锆为萤石结构，因此借鉴高熵合金的理念，使氧化锆稳定，不在发生相变、服役中非常稳定。同时所加稳定剂又有助烧作用，使得材料致密化，因而在使用中抗热震性能优异、耐高速高压合金的侵蚀和冲刷，可反复使用两以上，从而能有效解决气雾化工艺导流管抗热震性能差、不耐侵蚀和冲刷，以及扩径严重的问题。 具体实施方式
实施例1：一种气雾化制备合金粉末用导流管，包括以下质量组分：m-ZrO291%，CaO1.5%，MgO1.5%，Y2O31.5%，Nb2O31.5%，CeO21.5%，Sc2O31.5%。上述原料纯度均≥99%，粒度325目。
上述气雾化制备合金粉末用导流管的制备包括以下步骤：
1)按比例称取原料，并在双锥混料机内混合均匀；
2)将混均匀的原料倒入电弧内高温熔化；
3)将熔融液体经高压气体吹球除碳，得到氧化锆球；
4)将氧化锆球破碎至1000目。
5)将破碎好的料倒入造粒机内，加入6%PVA（浓度5%），搅拌造粒20分钟后过15目筛。
6)将造粒料倒入模具中，机压成型；
7)将机压坯体在硅钼棒电阻炉内1760℃保温6小时；
6)成品检验入库。
实施例2：一种气雾化制备合金粉末用导流管，包括以下质量的组分：m-ZrO288%，CaO2.0%，MgO2.0%，Y2O32.0%，Nb2O32.0%，CeO22.0%，Sc2O32.0%。上述原料纯度均≥99%，粒度350目。
上述气雾化制备合金粉末用导流管的制备方法包括以下步骤：
1)按比例称取原料，并在双锥混料机内混合均匀；
2)将混均匀的原料倒入电弧内高温熔化；
3)将熔融液体经高压气体吹球除碳，得到氧化锆球；
4)将氧化锆球破碎至1500目。
5)将破碎好的料倒入造粒机内，加入7%PVA（浓度5%），搅拌造粒20分钟后过15目筛。
6)将造粒料倒入模具中，机压成型；
7)将机压坯体在硅钼棒电阻炉内1740℃保温7小时；
6)成品检验入库。
实施例3：一种气雾化制备合金粉末用导流管，包括以下质量的组分：m-ZrO285%，CaO2.5%，MgO2.5%，Y2O32.5%，Nb2O32.5%，CeO22.5%，Sc2O32.5%。上述原料纯度均99%，粒度500目。
上述气雾化制备合金粉末用导流管的制备方法包括以下步骤：
1)按比例称取原料，并在双锥混料机内混合均匀；
2)将混均匀的原料倒入电弧内高温熔化；
3)将熔融液体经高压气体吹球除碳，得到氧化锆球；
4)将氧化锆球破碎至1800目。
5)将破碎好的料倒入造粒机内，加入7.5%PVA（浓度5%），搅拌造粒20分钟后过15目筛。
6)将造粒料倒入模具中，机压成型；
7)将机压坯体在硅钼棒电阻炉内1720℃保温7小时；
6)成品检验入库。
实施例4：一种气雾化制备合金粉末用导流管，包括以下、质量的组分：m-ZrO282%，CaO3.0%，MgO3.0%，Y2O33.0%，Nb2O33.0%，CeO23.0%，Sc2O33.0%。上述原料纯度均≥99%，粒度600目。
上述气雾化制备合金粉末用导流管的制备方法包括以下步骤：
1)按比例称取原料，并在双锥混料机内混合均匀；
2)将混均匀的原料倒入电弧内高温熔化；
3)将熔融液体经高压气体吹球除碳，得到氧化锆球；
4)将氧化锆球破碎至2000目。
5)将破碎好的料倒入造粒机内，加入8.0%PVA（浓度5%），搅拌造粒20分钟后过15目筛。
6)将造粒料倒入模具中，机压成型；
7)将机压坯体在硅钼棒电阻炉内1700℃保温8小时；
6)成品检验入库。
Claims (3)
1.一种合金粉末用导流管，其特征在于：导流管采用高纯氧化锆为主要原料，并添加CaO、MgO、Y2O3、Nb2O3、CeO2和Sc2O3六种化合物作为稳定剂，高纯氧化锆与六种化合物的加入量按质量比分别为：高纯氧化锆82-91%、CaO1.5-3.0%、MgO1.5-3.0%、Y2O31.5-3.0%、Nb2O31.5-3.0%、Sc2O31.5-3.0%；混合均匀后，在电弧炉内高温熔化，再经氧化吹球除碳、破碎工艺制得复合稳定氧化锆细粉原料。
2.根据权利要求书1所述的一种合金粉末用导流管，其特征在于：所用的稳定剂的原料粒度均≤325目。
3.制备权利要求1-2任一所述一种合金粉末用导流管的制备方法，制备方法采用气雾化法制备，具体包括以下步骤：
1)按比例称取原料，并在混料机内混合均匀；
2)将混均匀的原料倒入电弧内高温熔化；
3)将熔融液体经高压气体吹球除碳，得到氧化锆球；
4)将氧化锆球破碎；
5)将破碎的氧化锆细粉倒入造粒机内，加入结合剂造粒、过筛；6)将造粒料倒入模具中，机压成型；
7)将机压坯体在硅钼棒电阻炉内1700-1760℃保温4-8小时；
6)成品检验入库。
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