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CN112392859A - 一种基于低温低气压高负荷工况的轴承滚道减摩方法 - Google Patents

一种基于低温低气压高负荷工况的轴承滚道减摩方法 Download PDF

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CN112392859A
CN112392859A CN202011330956.XA CN202011330956A CN112392859A CN 112392859 A CN112392859 A CN 112392859A CN 202011330956 A CN202011330956 A CN 202011330956A CN 112392859 A CN112392859 A CN 112392859A
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袁新江
姜洋
胡长明
魏忠良
顾吉丰
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Abstract

本发明采用固体减摩剂涂层和半固体减摩剂组合减摩的方法，清洗滚道，将二硫化钼粉剂和环氧树脂胶黏剂混合均匀，喷射在轴承内外套圈的滚道表面，加热轴承内、外套圈再降温，使涂层与轴承滚道结合牢固，加注7012极低温脂，跑合涂层；当轴承低速启动和承受高负荷以及低温或高温时，油脂的性能降低，固体减摩剂弥补减摩效果；当轴承正常运转时，油脂在摩擦面形成油膜保护固体减摩涂层，减小涂层的磨损，延长涂层的寿命；突破单一减摩介质的性能极限，同时解决了低温、低气压、高负荷、使用寿命等问题，具有很好的互补作用和协同作用，适用于航空设备薄壁轴承，也可应用于类似工况的其它机械传动机构。

Description

一种基于低温低气压高负荷工况的轴承滚道减摩方法
技术领域
本发明属于机械工程技术领域，具体涉及一种减小摩擦技术。
背景技术
航空设备往往要求重量轻、体积小，机械转动装置中，往往采用薄壁高承载的轴承。为了在高负荷作用下，获得高的可靠性和寿命，轴承滚道的减摩尤为重要。
现有的减摩技术是，通过在轴承滚道内添加减摩介质——减摩剂，起到滚道减摩的作用。根据工况不同，减摩剂通常有流体状态，如稀油，半固体状态，如油脂，固体状态，如固体减摩材料。
航空设备处于低温低气压环境下，稀油油泵效率降低，不能满足减摩要求。在高承载情况下，油脂易被挤出摩擦界面，使摩擦面处于无减摩状态，并最终导致轴承严重磨损，也不能满足使用要求。固体减摩涂层适合在低温、低气压、高负荷下工作的轴承滚道，但涂层磨损不可逆、补充困难、寿命有限。
在现有的减摩技术中，在半固体减摩剂中添加固体减摩剂，提高了减摩介质的承载能力，但减摩介质依然会被挤出摩擦界面。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有技术存在的问题，提出了一种基于低温低气压高负荷工况的轴承滚道减摩方法，为了实现上述目的，本发明采用了以下技术方案。
采用固体减摩剂涂层和半固体减摩剂组合减摩的方法：清洗滚道，拆离轴承内、外套圈，使用丙酮或酒精，清除内、外套圈的滚道表面的污物；制备喷剂，将二硫化钼粉剂和环氧树脂胶黏剂按质量比2:1混合均匀，可承受最大接触压应力2000MPa，满足航空轴承滚道表面的最大接触压应力1500MPa，二硫化钼粉剂的颗粒直径小于10um，摩擦系数可达0.02，根据使用需要，加入抗蚀剂、增强剂、增韧剂和表面活性剂；喷涂涂层，采用高压液氮瓶和喷枪，将喷剂均匀喷射在轴承内外套圈的滚道表面，使用膜厚测厚仪，控制厚度在10至13um；固化涂层，将轴承内、外套圈升温至120℃，保温2小时，再升温至150℃，保温2小时，使涂层与轴承滚道结合牢固；加注油脂，装配轴承内、外套圈，按滚道内空隙三分之一的体积，注入7012极低温脂，使用温度范围在-70℃至120℃，满足航空轴承所处的环境温度条件-55℃～70℃；跑合涂层，新喷涂的固体涂层使滚道表面粗糙度增大，轴承的摩擦力矩和振动增大，通过预跑合减小摩擦力矩值及其波动，使轴承直接进入稳定工作阶段。
本发明的有益效果：
当轴承低速启动和承受高负荷时，油脂易被挤出摩擦界面，减摩几乎失效，固体减摩涂层发挥减摩作用；在低温及高温时，油脂的性能降低，固体减摩剂适用于比较广泛的温度范围，弥补减摩效果；当轴承正常运转时，油脂在摩擦面形成油膜，起到良好的减摩作用，保护固体减摩涂层，减小涂层的磨损，延长涂层的寿命；采用固体减摩剂涂层和半固体减摩剂的组合减摩，突破单一减摩介质的性能极限，同时解决了低温、低气压、高负荷、使用寿命等问题，具有很好的互补作用和协同作用，适用于航空设备薄壁轴承，也可应用于类似工况的其它机械传动机构。
附图说明
图1是减摩材料的填充示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的技术方案做具体的说明。
减摩材料的填充如图1所示：
第一步，清洗滚道。拆离轴承内、外套圈，使用丙酮或酒精，清除内、外套圈的滚道表面的污物。
第二步，制备喷剂。将二硫化钼粉剂和环氧树脂胶黏剂按质量比2:1混合均匀，二硫化钼粉剂的颗粒直径小于10um，根据使用需要，加入抗蚀剂、增强剂、增韧剂和表面活性剂。
第三步，喷涂涂层。采用高压液氮瓶和喷枪，将喷剂均匀喷射在轴承内外套圈的滚道表面，使用膜厚测厚仪，控制厚度在10至13um。
第四步，固化涂层。将轴承内、外套圈升温至120℃，保温2小时，再升温至150℃，保温2小时，使涂层与轴承滚道结合牢固。
第五步，加注油脂。装配轴承内、外套圈，按滚道内空隙三分之一的体积，注入7012极低温脂。
第六步，跑合涂层。新喷涂的固体涂层使滚道表面粗糙度增大，轴承的摩擦力矩和振动增大，通过预跑合减小摩擦力矩值及其波动，使轴承直接进入稳定工作阶段。
上述作为本发明的实施例，并不限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种基于低温低气压高负荷工况的轴承滚道减摩方法，其特征在于，包括：清洗滚道，拆离轴承内、外套圈，使用丙酮或酒精，清除内、外套圈的滚道表面的污物；制备喷剂，将二硫化钼粉剂和环氧树脂胶黏剂混合均匀；喷涂涂层，采用高压液氮瓶和喷枪，将喷剂均匀喷射在轴承内外套圈的滚道表面；固化涂层，加热轴承内、外套圈并冷却，使涂层与轴承滚道结合牢固；加注油脂，装配轴承内、外套圈，向滚道内空隙注入7012极低温脂；跑合涂层，降低涂层的粗糙度，减小轴承的摩擦力矩及其波动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于低温低气压高负荷工况的轴承滚道减摩方法，其特征在于，所述制备喷剂，包括：二硫化钼粉剂和环氧树脂胶黏剂按质量比2:1混合。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的基于低温低气压高负荷工况的轴承滚道减摩方法，其特征在于，所述制备喷剂，包括：二硫化钼粉剂的颗粒直径小于10um。
4.根据权利要求3所述的基于低温低气压高负荷工况的轴承滚道减摩方法，其特征在于，所述制备喷剂，包括：加入抗蚀剂、增强剂、增韧剂和表面活性剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于低温低气压高负荷工况的轴承滚道减摩方法，其特征在于，所述喷涂涂层，包括：使用膜厚测厚仪，控制厚度在10至13um。
6.根据权利要求1所述的基于低温低气压高负荷工况的轴承滚道减摩方法，其特征在于，所述固化涂层，包括：将轴承内、外套圈升温至120℃，保温2小时，再升温至150℃，保温2小时，使涂层与轴承滚道结合牢固。
7.根据权利要求1所述的基于低温低气压高负荷工况的轴承滚道减摩方法，其特征在于，所述加注油脂，包括：按滚道内空隙三分之一的体积，注入7012极低温脂。
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