CN112384059A

CN112384059A - Planting sheet

Info

Publication number: CN112384059A
Application number: CN201980042532.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 佐藤征也
Original assignee: Qingzhizhi Co ltd
Current assignee: Qingzhizhi Co ltd
Priority date: 2018-12-21
Filing date: 2019-12-10
Publication date: 2021-02-19
Also published as: JPWO2020129756A1; JP7040822B2; WO2020129756A1; CA3105957A1; EP3900523A4; US20220174894A1; EP3900523A1; AU2019400274A1

Abstract

Provided is a planting sheet which does not require soil as a base for planting seedlings of sphagnum, and can stably plant seedlings of sphagnum even in a steep slope or a severe environment where strong wind blows. The planting sheet (1-1) is provided with a surface layer part (10) paved with sphagnum seedlings (30); and an inner layer part (20) into which the pseudoroots (30a) of the grown-up sphagnum seedlings (30) are inserted in a downward direction. The inner layer (20) has a mesh structure with a large mesh size, wherein the inner part has a void with an opening size equal to or larger than the thickness size of the root (30a) and the root (30a) is inserted into the void.

Description

Planting sheet

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a sheet (sheet) for planting sphagnum moss (Racomitrium mines), and more particularly, to a sheet for planting sphagnum moss which is cultivated in a stable state, maintains and manages sphagnum moss, and can be directly used even during transportation.

Background

The solution to the problem of heat island in cities is one of important problems that must be solved quickly from the viewpoint of measures against global warming. As a means for solving this problem, greening using sphagnum has recently been attracting attention.

Sphagnum is a plant that is heat-resistant, resistant to drying, and can be cultivated in a relatively stable state even in a severe environment, and is therefore considered to be suitable for greening cities with heat islands. Further, greening using sphagnum leaves the inhabitants moist and comfortable, and further, effects of absorbing carbon dioxide which induces abnormal weather and heavy metals which are air pollutants, effects of reducing energy consumption of air conditioners and the like by heat insulation, and the like can be expected.

In the greening industry using sphagnum in the past, cultivation and supply of sphagnum are currently dependent on collection from mountains with severe seasonal fluctuations or long-term cultivation in wide fields (usually about 2 to 3 years). Therefore, there are problems such as difficulty in stable supply and cost reduction of sphagnum and exhaustion of natural resources, and as a result, it is difficult to expand the greening industry using sphagnum.

In addition, since sphagnum used for greening is generally cultivated on the basis of sand, soil similar thereto, plant fibers, and the like, it is necessary to perform maintenance management (particularly watering management) appropriately by a person having expert knowledge. Therefore, improper maintenance and management by general consumers without expert knowledge may deteriorate the aesthetic appearance of the moss supplied for greening. Further, since overseas export of sphagnum including soil and the like is strictly regulated in law, the product market using sphagnum is limited to domestic use, and is only used for limited applications such as gardening and potting for directly sticking cultivated sphagnum to soil, and there is a problem that it is difficult to develop a new market for use in the field of small-scale overseas (exteror) or endoscopics (interior).

As a technique for solving the above problem, for example, there is a planting sheet described in patent document 1. The planting sheet comprises a sheet layer made of non-woven fabrics and a dittany layer positioned above the sheet layer. The sphagnum layer is paved with sphagnum seedlings. The nonwoven fabric forming the sheet layer is made of polyester or polypropylene having excellent affinity with the rhizoid of sphagnum, and excellent water absorption, water retention, water permeability, and durability. In the planting sheet having such a structure, the fibers raised on the surface of the sheet layer are entangled with and bonded to the pseudorhizoids of the sphagnum, so that the sphagnum can be grown stably at low cost. Further, since sphagnum can be propagated without using soil or the like as a base, export to the sea is possible. Furthermore, since sphagnum plants are planted on a sheet having a specific size, it is easy to fix the sheet to soil or the like, and the sheet can be used in small-scale outdoor or indoor fields.

Documents of the prior art

Patent document

Patent document 1 Japanese patent No. 6403078

Disclosure of Invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

As described above, the planting sheet described in patent document 1 has a structure in which only the fibers raised on the surface of the sheet layer and the rhizoid of the sphagnum plant are entangled and bonded, and therefore, the bonding force between the sheet layer and the rhizoid of the sphagnum plant is not necessarily sufficient, and therefore, although it is suitable for cultivation in a relatively flat place where strong wind or rain does not exist, there is a problem that stable cultivation is difficult because the sphagnum plant peels off from the planting sheet and falls off in a steep slope or in a severe environment where strong wind or rain is encountered.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a planting sheet capable of cultivating sphagnum in a stable state even in a steep slope or a severe environment in which strong wind or rain is encountered, by improving the bonding force of sphagnum to the sheet.

Means for solving the problems

The planting sheet according to the present invention is characterized by comprising: a surface layer part paved with sphagnum seedlings; and an inner layer portion into which the roots of the grown seedlings of sphagnum moss are inserted, wherein the inner layer portion has a mesh structure into which the roots are inserted, the mesh structure having a gap therein with an opening size equal to or larger than the thickness of the roots.

In this planting sheet, since the rhizoid of the sphagnum seedling laid on the surface layer portion extends while entering the mesh structure (more specifically, the voids forming the mesh structure) provided in the inner layer portion, the binding force of the sphagnum seedling to the planting sheet can be further improved as compared with the case where the rhizoid is entangled and bound only in the surface layer portion. Further, since the branch parts of the rhizoid of the sphagnum have a property of being directed upward (obliquely upward) toward the tip end, the branch parts of the rhizoid are inserted into the space of the inner layer part obliquely upward by the property, and thus the tensile strength at the time of extracting the sphagnum can be further improved.

In addition to the above features, the present invention may be configured such that the surface layer portion is 150 to 180g/m²The amount (density) of the seedlings is paved by the sphagnum.

By limiting the amount (density) of the deposited sphagnum seedlings to this numerical range, it is possible to appropriately cultivate sphagnum seedlings, and moreover, sphagnum seedlings can grow uniformly without gaps, and a planting sheet excellent in appearance can be provided.

In addition to the above feature, the present invention is characterized in that the gap of the inner layer communicates between the upper and lower end faces, and the root prosthesis inserted into the gap protrudes from the lower end face of the inner layer.

With such a structure, the rhizoid of the seedling of sphagnum can extend around the lower end surface of the inner layer portion, that is, the lower end surface of the planting sheet. Therefore, the bonding force of the sphagnum seedlings to the planting sheets can be improved.

In addition to the above feature, the present invention is characterized by comprising a holding member disposed below the inner layer, and a tip of a prosthetic foot protruding from a lower end surface of the inner layer is held between the inner layer and the holding member.

According to the planting sheet with the structure, the binding force of the sphagnum seedlings relative to the planting sheet can be further improved.

In addition to the above features, the present invention is characterized in that the surface layer portion is formed of raised portions on the surface of the fibers constituting the inner layer portion.

With such a structure, the artificial roots of the sphagnum seedling and the fibers are easily entangled in the surface layer of the planting sheet, and the bonding force of the sphagnum seedling to the planting sheet can be further improved.

In addition to the above features, the present invention is characterized in that the inner layer portion is formed by a nonwoven fabric made of polyester or polypropylene fibers.

A nonwoven fabric comprising polyester or polypropylene fibers is excellent in affinity with the rhizoids of sphagnum and in water absorption, water retention, water permeability and durability, and therefore, sphagnum seedlings can be grown to a specific size in a short period of time.

ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION

In the planting sheet according to the present invention, the rhizoid of sphagnum plant is inserted into the mesh structure constituting the inner layer of the planting sheet, and the tip side of the branch portion of the rhizoid has an upward (obliquely upward) property, so that the binding force of sphagnum plant seedlings to the planting sheet is increased. Therefore, by using the planting sheet according to the present invention, even in a steep slope or a severe environment where strong wind or rain is encountered, sphagnum can be cultivated in a stable state.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a planting sheet 1-1.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a seedling 30 of a root of Moss.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the planting sheet 1-2.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of a main portion of the planting sheet 1-2.

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

First, the structure of a planting sheet 1-1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 1 and 2.

As shown in fig. 1, the planting sheet 1-1 is configured to include a main body 2 formed of a surface layer portion 10 and an inner layer portion 20, and a seedling 30 of sphagnum moss laid on the surface layer portion 10.

The main body 2 is formed of, for example, a nonwoven fabric having a coarse mesh with a thickness of 2.0 to 3.0 mm. The nonwoven fabric is made of, for example, polyester or polypropylene fibers S, and is formed into a needle-punched carpet. And the nonwoven fabric has a density of 30mg/cm when dried²The density of the water absorption is 200-250 mg/cm²。

The fibers S forming the nonwoven fabric are not limited to those made of polyester or polypropylene, and may be those made of various other materials and methods, such as paper, cotton, wool, towel, and palm fibers.

The nonwoven fabric forming the main body 2 is desirably not covered with resin or the like on the surface thereof in view of affinity with the rhizoid of sphagnum, water absorption capacity, water retention capacity, water permeability, and durability. The color of the planting sheet is desirably black so that the luxuriant and prominent algae are not visually recognized in some parts which cannot be avoided in cultivation, and so that the green color of sphagnum when absorbing water is conspicuous.

The surface portion 10 constituting the main body portion 2 is configured by raising fibers S on the surface of the nonwoven fabric constituting the main body portion 2 at a specific height (thickness). That is, the raised portion becomes the surface portion 10. The stem and leaf bodies 30b in the initial seed moss cultivated before the generation of the pseudoroots 30a of the seedling 30 of sphagnum as described later are hung on the fluffed fibers S, whereby the rotation and movement of the seed moss of the seedling 30 of sphagnum is suppressed. Further, the roots 30a extending by the growth of the seedling 30 of sphagnum are wound around the raised fibers S, and the surface layer 10 is bonded to the seedling 30 of sphagnum.

The inner layer 20 constituting the main body 2 together with the surface layer 10 is formed of a mesh structure having a large mesh. The mesh structure is formed by winding fibers S made of a nonwoven fabric. The gaps formed between the fibers S have an opening size equal to or larger than, for example, the thickness size of the rhizoid 30a of the seedling 30 of sphagnum moss. The root prosthesis 30a extending during the growth of the seedling of sphagnum moss 30 enters the gap, whereby the sphagnum moss 30 is entangled and bonded in the inner layer portion 20.

Here, the prosthetic root 30a has, as shown in fig. 2, a branch-like portion 30c extending in a manner spreading in a substantially horizontal direction, the branch-like portion 30c extending in an upward (obliquely upward) manner toward the tip end thereof. The branch portions 30c enter the gaps in the inner layer 20 obliquely upward in the tip direction and function as wedges, thereby effectively preventing the moss seedlings 30 from being pulled out of the mesh structure of the inner layer 20. Further, the present inventors paid attention to the characteristic that the branch parts 30c of the pseudoroot 30a of the griseus extend obliquely upward toward the tip end direction thereof, and developed a mesh structure in which the inner layer part 20 is formed such that the branch parts 30c of the pseudoroot 30a can extend obliquely upward, taking advantage of this characteristic.

The sphagnum seedlings 30 laid on the surface layer portion 10 of the main body 2 are sphagnum moss or sphagnum moss grown thereon. Herein, as described in detail with respect to the characteristics and ecology of sphagnum, sphagnum is a moss belonging to the genus sphagnum of the family dictamnaceae (Grimmiaceae), and has characteristics of being resistant to drying, becoming a pseudo-dead state in a non-watered state, and being able to survive without rain for about 3 months, and also being resistant to direct sunlight, and being able to withstand heat of about 60 ℃. Accordingly, sphagnum can be grown in a wide range of roofs, gardens, and the like, and also can be used as an interior landscape because it is a small evergreen plant, does not have dead leaves, etc., enjoys green throughout the year, and does not require soil for the propagation of the plant, and therefore, it does not have dust or soil outflow.

As shown in fig. 2, sphagnum arenarium (sphagnum seedling 30 in the present invention) is mainly composed of a shoot body part (shoot body 30b) that performs photosynthesis and a protonema part that performs ridging and fixing, and a part of this protonema that develops for ridging and fixing is particularly called a pseudoroot (pseudoroot 30 a). The rhizoid 30a naturally occurs below the stem and leaf body 30b of the seeded moss, extends on the surface of the hilling particles, and is fixed to the hilling by catching the hilling particles. The rhizoid 30a is weak in fixing force per 1 root, but the rhizoids extending from the stem and leaf body 30b of the peripheric moss form a network with each other, thereby functioning as a support. Further, from the surface (peripheral surface) of the prosthetic root 30a, as described, the branch-like portion 30c extends in an obliquely upward manner toward the tip end direction thereof.

The sphagnum plantlets 30 laid in this embodiment are preferably every 1m²A dry weight (water absorption of about 10%) of 150 to 180 g. Among them, in particular, in the case of giving priority to beauty or obtaining a new seed coating for cultivation, it is preferable to use the seed coating per 1m²180g。

Next, a method of cultivating sphagnum moss (sphagnum moss seedling 30) using the planting sheet 1-1 according to the present embodiment will be described.

First, the main body 2 is cut along a template having a predetermined shape, and the cut template is put in a template, and then a seedling 30 of sphagnum moss having a length of 1 to 2cm is laid thereon by screening or the like. In this case, the positions of the gristle seedlings 30 may be adjusted with fingers so that the gristle seedlings 30 are uniformly distributed on the surface layer portion 10 of the planting sheet.

After the patterns loaded with the planting sheets 1-1 on which the seedlings 30 of sphagnum are laid are formed in a desired number, the patterns are arranged in an open field. At this time, in order to prevent the scatter of the pattern plates, the scatter of the planting sheets 1, the scatter and the deviation of the seedling 30 of the sphagnum, each pattern plate is covered by the scatter prevention net with the weaving interval of 5mm to 10mm, and the scatter prevention net is fixed by the stake. In addition, the first 1 to 3 months of cultivation may be covered with a light shielding rate of 30 to 50% in order to promote the survival of the rhizoid 30a of the seedling 30 of sphagnum to the surface layer 10. In the field watering management, it is basically desirable to supply rainwater to prevent putrefaction due to humidification or water burn at high temperature, but watering may be performed in a state where temperature management can be appropriately performed.

During the propagation of the seedling 30 of sphagnum, as shown in fig. 1, the rhizoid 30a extends in the gap while being entangled with the fibers S having the mesh structure of the inner layer 20 located below the surface layer 10.

As described above, in the seeding sheet 1-1 according to the present embodiment, the fibers S forming the main body 2 made of the nonwoven fabric and the rhizoid 30a of the sphagnum seedling 30 laid on the surface layer 10 are rapidly entangled in the surface layer 10, and then enter the inner layer 20, and are strongly entangled in the mesh structure of the inner layer 20 by the branch portions 30c of the obliquely upward rhizoid 30 a. Therefore, the adhesion force of the sphagnum seedlings 30 in the planting sheet 1 is particularly large as compared with the planting sheet described in patent document 1 which does not have the inner layer portion 20, and the integration of the body portion 2 and the sphagnum seedlings 30 is improved. With such a planting sheet 1, the sphagnum seedlings 30 do not slip off the main body 2 even in a steep slope or a severe environment where strong wind or rain is encountered, and the sphagnum seedlings 30 can be cultivated in a stable state.

Further, since the surface portion 10 has a fluffy structure, even at the initial stage of cultivation before the generation of the rhizoid 30a from the seedling 30 of sphagnum, the stem/leaf body 30b is caught on the fluffed fiber S, and the rotation/movement of the seedling 30 of sphagnum is suppressed without causing a delay in the development of the rhizoid. Therefore, even in a normal field cultivation without requiring any special equipment, the sphagnum seedlings 30 can be grown to a specific size (stem leaf 30b is about 2 cm) in about 1 to 1.5 years, for example. Thus, the use of the planting sheet 1 according to the present invention can shorten the period (usually about 2 to 3 years) required for planting conventional sphagnum and can stably supply the sphagnum. As a result, the necessity of collecting natural sphagnum is reduced, and the problem of exhaustion of natural materials is eliminated. Further, since soil is not used for cultivation, the problem of soil adhesion that may be an obstacle when exporting from the sea can be eliminated.

As described above, the use of the planting sheet 1-1 according to the embodiment of the present invention can eliminate various problems of the greening industry using sand moss in the related art at a time, and as a result, can promote the spread of sand moss.

In addition, the sphagnum plant sheet 1-1 according to the embodiment of the present invention is configured such that the monomers satisfy the conditions required for healthy growth and fixation of sphagnum. Therefore, the sphagnum seedlings 30 cultivated using the planting sheet 1-1 do not need to be specially known for maintenance management after being provided to ordinary people and the likeThe period of maintenance or repair. For example, even ordinary persons can be watered without managing soil outflow or separation of gristle seedlings 30 from the main body 2. Further, the present planting sheet 1-1 can be made into, for example, 3.3m for an ordinary person because the moss seedlings 30 are alive in the main body 2 and the moss seedlings 30 are firmly fixed to the main body 2, and the main body 2 is made of a nonwoven fabric (and further formed into a needle-punched carpet) and is easily cut²The plant sheet 1-1 can be easily processed into a desired shape or size by ordinary people and can be used.

As shown in fig. 3, the planting sheet 1-2 according to the second embodiment of the present invention may be provided with a holding member 40 so as to contact the lower end surface 21 of the inner layer portion 20 (the lower end surface of the main body portion 2). In this example, a fine mesh nonwoven fabric is used as the holding member 40, but a plate material made of various materials other than the fine mesh nonwoven fabric, such as resin, metal, paper, and wood, may be used. No gap is provided in the holding member 40 for the entry of the rhizoid 30a of the seedling 30 of sphagnum.

According to this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the artificial roots 30a of the moss seedlings 30 protruding and extending from the lower end surface 21 of the inner layer 20 are sandwiched between the lower end surface 21 of the inner layer 20 and the upper end surface 40a of the holding member 40 without entering the inside of the holding member 40. As described above, according to the second embodiment, the seedling 30 of sphagnum moss is fixed not only inside the surface layer portion 10 and the inner layer portion 20 but also in the lower end surface 21 of the inner layer portion 20 (the lower end surface of the main body portion 2), and is strongly coupled to the main body portion 2 as compared with the first embodiment.

Even in the case of the planting sheet 1-1 not having the holding member 40, when it is used by being placed on a garden or the like, the floor of the garden or the like performs the same function as the holding member 40. Further, when the planting sheet 1-1 without the holding member 40 is attached to a wall and used, the wall achieves the same function as the holding member 40, and when the planting sheet 1-1 without the holding member 40 is put into a frame and used, the frame material achieves the same function as the holding member 40.

Further, in order to make the bonding between the body portion 2 and the seedling of sphagnum 30 stronger, the holding member 40 formed of an adhesive sheet may be used.

As the holding member 40, a moist material capable of absorbing a specific amount of water and storing the water therein, for example, the nonwoven fabric having a fine mesh in which fibers are entangled at a high density, or a water-absorbent polymer or the like may be used. This enables the water to be supplied to the sphagnum seedling 30 over a long period of time (or the number of watering times to be reduced), enables the breeding environment of the sphagnum seedling 30 to be optimized, and enables the management to be simplified. Furthermore, even in a very dry environment where wettability is problematic, sphagnum seedlings can be cultivated in a stable state, and wettability can be easily adjusted to match the growing state of sphagnum.

The holding member 40 may be detachably connected to the inner layer portion 20. As an example of a structure for connecting both the members, for example, a pair of engaging members such as a surface fastener (fastener) are disposed on the two opposing surfaces (i.e., the lower end surface 21 of the inner layer portion 20 and the upper end surface 40a of the holding member 40), and are detachably connected to each other. When the holding member 40 is detachably provided, the holding member 40 connected to the inner layer portion 20 can be easily detached and shipped.

While the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the technical ideas described in the claims, the description, and the drawings. Any configuration not described in the specification and the drawings is within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention as long as the operation and effect of the present invention are achieved. For example, in the above embodiment, the surface portion made of the raised hairs is formed on the upper surface side of the inner layer portion made of the nonwoven fabric, but a layer made of the raised hairs may be formed also on the lower surface side of the inner layer portion. With this configuration, the fuzz also wraps around the tip side portion of the rhizoid protruding from the lower end surface of the inner layer, and the binding force of the sphagnum seedlings to the planting sheet can be further increased. In addition, the description and the embodiments shown in the drawings can be combined with each other as long as there is no contradiction between the purpose and the structure. Note that the above description and the description of each drawing may be partially independent embodiments, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to one embodiment in which the above description and each drawing are combined.

Description of the reference symbols

1-1, 1-2, 1-3 planting sheet

2 body part

10 surface layer part

20 inner layer part

21 lower end surface

S fiber

30 sphagnum seedlings

30a false root

30b Stem and leaf body

40 holding member

Claims

1. A planting sheet is characterized by comprising:

a surface layer part paved with sphagnum seedlings; and

an inner layer portion into which the roots of the grown seedlings of the sphagnum plant are inserted,

the inner layer portion has a mesh structure in which the prosthetic base is inserted with a void having an opening size equal to or larger than the thickness size of the prosthetic base.

2. The planting sheet of claim 1,

the amount of the seedlings of the sphagnum laid on the surface layer part is 150 to 180g/m²。

3. The planting sheet of claim 1 or 2,

the gap of the inner layer communicates between the upper and lower end faces so that the prosthetic root inserted into the gap protrudes from the lower end face of the inner layer.

4. The planting sheet according to claim 3, comprising:

a holding member disposed below the inner layer portion,

the tip of the artificial root protruding from the lower end surface of the inner layer portion is held between the inner layer portion and the holding member.

5. The planting sheet of any one of claims 1 to 4,

the surface layer portion is composed of raised portions on the surface of the fibers constituting the inner layer portion.

6. The planting sheet of any one of claims 1 to 5,

the inner layer portion is formed of a nonwoven fabric made of polyester or polypropylene fibers.