CN112369515A - Supplementary feed for breeding cows and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Supplementary feed for breeding cows and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application relates to a supplementary feed for breeding cows and a preparation method thereof, wherein the raw materials of the supplementary feed comprise the following components in parts by weight: 250-330 parts of corn, 46-56 parts of soybean meal, 25-29 parts of cottonseed meal, 14.5-24.5 parts of sesame meal, 95-107 parts of bran, 73.3-79.3 parts of corn germ meal, 190-202 parts of DDGS (distillers dried grains with soluble), 184-190 parts of gunite corn husk, 24.2-28.2 parts of stone powder, 2.5-3.5 parts of calcium bicarbonate, 6-10 parts of sodium chloride, 6-14 parts of cane molasses, 0.06-0.07 part of copper sulfate, 0.071-0.087 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.26-0.30 part of zinc sulfate, 0.338-0.398 part of manganese sulfate, 0.0010-0.0014 part of potassium iodide, 0.025-0.031 part of cobalamin, 0.001-0.0012 part of sodium selenite, 2.93 x 10 parts of vitamin A‑3~2.99×10‑3Portions of vitamin D38.7 multiplied by 10‑5~10.7×10‑5The feed supplement disclosed by the application is comprehensive, sufficient and balanced in nutrition, high in digestion and strong in palatability, and improves the conception rate of breeding cows and the survival rate of calves, so that the breeding rate of breeding cows is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of feed, in particular to supplementary feed for breeding cows and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the development of the cattle farming industry, the reproductive capacity of cows is of exceptional importance. The reproductive capacity of the cow mainly refers to the ability of the cow to breed offspring and feed offspring, and the high reproductive capacity of the cow can effectively expand the cattle herd and improve the breeding benefit. Therefore, the production efficiency of the cows is the key to determine the economic benefit of cow breeding, so that the breeding management method of the cows needs to be continuously researched and improved to establish a healthy and high-yield core cow group, thereby effectively improving the benefit of the cow breeding industry.
At present, in the feeding management of cows, the nutritional ingredients of the feed play a very important role on the cows, especially during the pregnancy and lactation period of the cows, if the nutrition of the feed taken by the cows is unbalanced in the period, the cows can have the problems of over-fat, over-lean, trace element deficiency and the like, and the problems can greatly influence the reproductive capacity of the cows, so that the cows have poor fetal development after conception, the phenomena of weak fetus, dead fetus or abnormal fetus and the like are generated, the postpartum recovery is slow, the conception rate is low, and the reproductive rate of the cows is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the survival rate of calves and the conception rate of postpartum cows and further improve the reproduction rate of cows, the application provides the supplementary feed for breeding cows and the preparation method thereof.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a supplementary feed for breeding cows, which adopts the following technical scheme:
supplement for breeding cowsThe feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 250-330 parts of corn, 46-56 parts of soybean meal, 25-29 parts of cottonseed meal, 14.5-24.5 parts of sesame meal, 95-107 parts of bran, 73.3-79.3 parts of corn germ meal, 190-202 parts of DDGS (distillers dried grains with soluble), 184-190 parts of gunite corn husk, 24.2-28.2 parts of stone powder, 2.5-3.5 parts of calcium bicarbonate, 6-10 parts of sodium chloride, 6-14 parts of cane molasses, 0.06-0.07 part of copper sulfate, 0.071-0.087 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.26-0.30 part of zinc sulfate, 0.338-0.398 part of manganese sulfate, 0.0010-0.0014 part of potassium iodide, 0.025-0.031 part of cobalamin, 0.001-0.0012 part of sodium selenite, 2.93 x 10 parts of vitamin A-3~2.99×10-3Portions of vitamin D38.7 multiplied by 10-5~10.7×10-50.1-0.18 part of vitamin E.
By adopting the technical scheme, the feed adopts corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, sesame meal, bran, corn germ meal, DDGS, gunite corn bran, stone powder, calcium bicarbonate and sodium chloride which are mixed and matched for use, can be used as a supplementary feed substrate for cows in lactation and pregnancy, can provide abundant amino acid, protein and energy for cows in the period, and controls the addition of the components within a specific range, so that various nutrient substances taken by breeding cows are balanced and sufficient, the over-fatness or over-slimming condition cannot occur, the nutrition of a fetus in the cow body is sufficient, the growth is good, and weak fetus and fatness are reduced;
the cane molasses in a specific range is added, is rich in nutrient substances such as saccharides and proteins, has fragrant and sweet taste, can enhance the palatability of the feed, improves the feed intake of the breeding cows, ensures that the breeding cows can take various nutrients to a greater extent, keeps higher milk secretion and improves the survival rate of calves; meanwhile, the balanced and rich nutrition can enable the cows after production to recover quickly, promote the cows to estrus and improve the conception rate, thereby improving the reproduction rate of the cows.
The application also adopts copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium iodide, cobalamin and sodium selenite in specific ranges, provides rich microelements such as copper, iron, zinc, manganese, iodine, cobalt, selenium and the like for breeding the cows, and adds vitamin A, vitamin D3 and vitamin E in specific ranges to participate in the regulation of the organism metabolism of the cows, maintain the physiological functions of the breeding cows in a better state, improve the reproductive performance of the cows, enhance the physique of the cows in lactation and pregnancy, reduce the occurrence of weak fetus and sick fetus, keep higher calf lactation amount of the breeding cows and improve the survival rate of the cows; however, the vitamin content is too high, and the vitamin accumulates in the breeding cows, causing a toxic state such as a decrease in feed intake.
Simultaneously, this application adopts sodium selenite to provide microelement selenium for breeding the cow, cooperatees with vitamin E, and selenium mainly plays the effect of destroying the peroxide, and vitamin E mainly plays the effect that the protection tissue avoids the damage of peroxide, and the two fully play synergistic oxidation resistance, improve cow's conception rate to make the healthy development of internal foetus of cow after the conception, improved calf's survival rate.
To sum up, the supplementary feed of this application has low energy, high protein, high vitamin E, the characteristics of high digestion, and have good palatability, the conversion rate of feed has been improved, make the food consumption of breeding the cow increase, can be very big limit for the breeding cow of lactation and pregnancy provide the required nutrients such as amino acid of breeding the growth, vitamins, protein energy and microelement, make the nutrition that breeds the cow and intake balanced and comprehensive, make the internal fetus healthy development of cow after the conception, calf's survival rate has been improved, and the cow recovers soon after giving birth, promote the cow to estrus as early as possible, the conception rate has been improved, thereby the reproductive rate of cow has been improved.
Preferably, the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 290 parts of corn, 51 parts of bean pulp, 27 parts of cottonseed meal, 19.5 parts of sesame meal, 101 parts of bran, 76.3 parts of corn germ meal, 196 parts of DDGS, 187 parts of gunite corn bran, 26.2 parts of stone powder, 3.0 parts of calcium bicarbonate, 8 parts of sodium chloride, 10 parts of cane molasses, 0.065 part of copper sulfate, 0.079 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.28 part of zinc sulfate, 0.368 part of manganese sulfate, 0.0012 part of potassium iodide, 0.028 part of cobalamin, 0.0011 part of sodium selenite, 2.96 multiplied by 10 parts of vitamin A-3Portions of vitamin D39.7 multiplied by 10-50.14 portion of vitamin E.
By adopting the technical scheme, the feed further adopts corn, bean pulp, cottonseed meal, sesame meal, bran, corn germ meal, DDGS, guniting corn bran, stone powder, calcium bicarbonate and sodium chloride with specific addition amounts as substrates for supplementing the feed, so that rich and balanced nutrition is provided for cows in lactation and gestation periods, and the possibility of digestive dysfunction of the breeding cows due to excessive and unbalanced nutrition intake is reduced. Meanwhile, the cane molasses with a specific addition amount is adopted to add excellent palatability to the supplementary feed, the conversion rate of the feed is improved, and the feed intake of the breeding cows is further improved; and specific amount of microelements and vitamins are added into the feed, so that the reproductive performance of the cow is further enhanced, and the reproductive rate of the cow is improved.
Preferably, the raw materials also comprise 0.02-0.18 part of a live bacteria starter and 0.05-0.15 part of a complex enzyme preparation.
By adopting the technical scheme, the application adds the live bacteria starter and the complex enzyme preparation in a specific proportion range into the supplementary feed. The active bacteria in the live bacteria starter always keep the biological activity and can continuously carry out the fermentation process on the substrates such as corn, bean pulp and the like in the feed; the multiple enzymes in the complex enzyme preparation can synergistically decompose substrates such as corn, soybean meal and the like in the feed, so that the active bacteria starter and the complex enzyme preparation form bacteria enzyme synergistic fermentation, macromolecular proteins such as crude fibers and the like, carbohydrates, fats and the like in the feed can be degraded in advance to form small peptides, amino acids, oligosaccharides, free fatty acids and the like which are easy to digest and absorb by breeding cows, the digestion and absorption of the breeding cows to the feed are greatly improved, the conversion rate of the feed is improved, the feed intake of the breeding cows is increased, various nutrients are maximally taken by the breeding cows, and the reproduction rate of the cows is improved.
Meanwhile, the active bacteria in the live bacteria starter can maintain the flora balance of the digestive tract of the bred cows, so that the rumen function of the cows is in a healthy state, the anti-stress capability of the bred cows is improved, the physique is improved, and the incidence rate of diseases of the bred cows is reduced.
Preferably, the live bacterial starter comprises the following components in percentage by weight (1.5-2.5): (3.8-4.2): (2.7-3.3): 1 bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus, rhodotorula benthica and aspergillus niger.
By adopting the technical scheme, the bacillus subtilis can create a suitable environment for growth and planting of probiotics such as anaerobic bacteria and the like in the breeding cow body, so that rhodotorula benthica and lactic acid bacteria can grow and breed rapidly; meanwhile, the bacillus can also play a role in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria and putrefying bacteria in the intestinal tract of the breeding cows together with lactic acid bacteria, and the bacillus subtilis can generate enzyme which is not possessed by the cows in the metabolic process, can be matched with a complex enzyme preparation together, and plays a role in synergistically decomposing substrates which are difficult to digest and absorb by the breeding cows in the feed.
The lactobacillus is beneficial bacteria, is relatively acid-resistant, has strong tolerance in an acidic environment in the rumen of the cow, and can stabilize the microecological systems of the rumen and intestinal tracts of the cow, so that microorganisms in the rumen can continuously decompose the feed, and the digestibility of the cow to the feed is improved.
The rhodotorula benthica contains rich nutrient substances such as protein and vitamins, and saccharomyces cerevisiae generates more metabolic and synthetic products in the fermentation process, so that the nutrition requirement is provided for the growth of the breeding cows, and part of active substances can stabilize the intestinal balance of the breeding cows, improve the structure of a digestive system, promote the digestion and absorption of the digestive system to feed, improve the anti-stress capability of the breeding cows, improve the physique and reduce the incidence rate of diseases of the breeding cows.
In the fermentation process of the aspergillus niger, amylase, acid protease, cellulase, pectinase, glucose invertase, citric acid, gluconic acid, gallic acid and the like can be generated, the aspergillus niger can be cooperatively matched with a complex enzyme preparation to play a role in decomposing substrates such as corn, bean pulp and the like in the feed, and simultaneously, an acidic environment formed by cooperative matching with lactic acid bacteria plays a good role in inhibiting the growth of other germs such as harmful bacteria and the like, so that the risk of intestinal diseases of the breeding cows is reduced, the immunity of the breeding cows is improved, and the incidence rate of diseases of the breeding cows is reduced.
In conclusion, the live bacteria starter is prepared by mixing bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria, rhodotorula benthica and aspergillus niger in a specific proportion range, the synergistic effect among the bacillus subtilis, the lactic acid bacteria, the rhodotorula benthica and the aspergillus niger is fully exerted, the comprehensive function of the live bacteria starter is improved, the substrate in the feed is decomposed, and the conversion rate of the feed is improved, so that the feed intake of the cows is improved, and the immunity of the bred cows is improved.
Preferably, the compound enzyme preparation comprises the following components in percentage by weight (3.8-4.2): (5.5-6.5): (6.8-7.2) amylase, protease and cellulase.
By adopting the technical scheme, the amylase, the protease and the cellulase in a specific proportion range are mixed and matched for use, and the feed can be decomposed and supplemented by utilizing the synergistic effect of the amylase, the protease and the cellulase, so that the digestion and absorption of nutrient substances of the breeding cows are improved, and the conversion rate of the feed is improved; meanwhile, the cellulase can act on the digestive tract of the breeding cows, improves the digestibility of the breeding cows on the feed by cooperating with the bacillus subtilis and the lactic acid bacteria, and improves the immunity of the breeding cows at the same time.
Preferably, the raw materials further comprise 48.75-50.75 parts by weight of kelp powder, 0.099-0.1 part by weight of quercetin, 3.95-4.01 parts by weight of fennel powder, 0.63-0.69 part by weight of thymol, 0.56-0.76 part by weight of eugenol and 0.6-0.72 part by weight of vanillin.
As the supplementary feed contains high nutrient components, the carbohydrate in the rumen is rapidly fermented to generate a large amount of lactic acid and short-chain fatty acid after being eaten by breeding cows for a long time, and the phenomena of metabolic disturbance, feed intake reduction, laminitis and the like can occur. By adopting the technical scheme, kelp powder, quercetin, fennel powder, thymol, eugenol and vanillin in a specific range are mixed and matched for use, the capacities of resisting bacteria and oxidation and the like of the components can be utilized, rumen fermentation of cows is synergistically improved, rumen microflora is regulated, the buffering effect in rumens is increased, and the feed intake of the cows to be bred is improved, so that the cows can take in nutrient substances to the maximum extent, and the breeding rate of the cows is improved.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a feed for breeding cows, comprising the steps of: a. raw material treatment:
crushing the corn to the particle size of 2.3-2.7 mm, and crushing the other raw materials except the cane molasses to the particle size of 2.8-3.2 mm;
b. mixing and stirring
B, mixing and stirring the raw materials crushed in the step a uniformly at the rotating speed of 1300-1500 r/min, then adding cane molasses, continuing stirring, and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture;
c. modified granulation
Tempering the mixture under the steam pressure of 0.2-0.4 MPa and the temperature of 55-100 ℃, and carrying out extrusion granulation to obtain mixed material particles with the particle length of 6-20 mm;
d. cooling staging
And cooling the mixed material particles to 20-28 ℃, sieving and grading, and discharging to obtain the supplementary feed.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the raw materials except that this application earlier smashes to specific granule diameter within range earlier with cane molasses, has increased the surface area of raw materials, has promoted the dissolving of nutrient substance in breeding the cow body, has improved the conversion ratio of fodder to do benefit to processes such as the mixing and the pelletization of follow-up all raw materials.
This application is at specific rotational speed within range, and all raw materials except the cane molasses are dry-mixed for all powdered components intensive mixing is even, makes the nutrition in the fodder more balanced, then adds the cane molasses, carries out the wet mixture, makes the dispersion that the cane molasses can be better in the fodder, has improved the dispersibility of cane molasses. If the cane molasses is stirred with other raw materials, the cane molasses has certain viscosity, and other raw material powder is not easy to disperse, so that the uniformity of all components in the feed is reduced, and the balance of nutrition taken by breeding cows is reduced.
This application carries out the quenching and tempering curing to all components under the effect of high temperature vapor pressure, has played the effect of disinfecting, disinfection, material gelatinization, then pelletizes again to the granule length of control mixed material grain is in specific within range, makes the hardness of mixed material grain 50~120N simultaneously, is more suitable for the edible of breeding the cow, has improved the food consumption of breeding the cow.
The granulated mixed material particles are quickly cooled to a specific temperature range, so that the nutrient loss of the material in a high-temperature state can be reduced, the possibility of mildew and caking of the supplementary feed in a quality guarantee period is reduced, and the preservation is facilitated. And then sieving and grading are carried out, the mixed material particles meeting the requirements of particle size length and hardness are directly discharged to obtain the supplementary feed, and the mixed material particles not meeting the requirements of particle size length and hardness are recycled and re-granulated, so that the utilization rate of the feed is improved, and the cost is saved.
Preferably, in the step b, the raw material crushed in the step a is stirred for 20-25 s, and after cane molasses is added, the raw material is continuously stirred for 100-120 s.
By adopting the technical scheme, all the powder components are dry-mixed for a specific time, and after all the powder components are fully and uniformly mixed, the cane molasses is added to continue to be mixed and stirred for a specific time, so that all the components in the feed are fully and uniformly mixed, the balance of nutrition taken by the breeding cows is improved, and the breeding rate of the breeding cows is improved.
Preferably, before the step c, the method further comprises: and (c) dispersing the live bacteria starter in water at the temperature of 35-37 ℃ to prepare starter bacteria suspension with the mass concentration of 0.1-0.9%, spraying the starter bacteria suspension into the mixture obtained in the step b, adding the complex enzyme preparation, mixing and stirring for 2-3 min.
By adopting the technical scheme, the live bacteria starter is mixed with water to prepare the bacteria suspension with specific mass concentration in a specific temperature range, and then the bacteria suspension is uniformly sprayed on the mixture, so that various bacteria components in the live bacteria starter can be uniformly dispersed and attached to the mixture, and the live bacteria starter can fully decompose various substrates in the feed; the temperature is strictly controlled within the range, a good living environment can be provided for various bacteria in the live bacteria starter, the various bacteria can continuously exert the function of decomposing the substrate, and the feed digestibility of the bred cows is improved.
Preferably, in the step b, the raw materials mixed before the cane molasses is added also comprise kelp powder, quercetin, fennel powder, thymol, eugenol and vanillin.
By adopting the technical scheme, the rumen regulating component is added into the mixed raw materials, so that the rumen function of the breeding cows can be maintained in a healthy state, the rumen microbial protein synthesis amount is increased, the physique is improved, and the incidence rate of diseases is reduced.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the supplementary feed disclosed by the application is comprehensive, sufficient and balanced in nutrition, the weak fetus and the death caused by diseases are reduced, the lactation yield of cows is high, the survival rate of calves is improved, the recovery of cows after production is promoted, the conception rate is improved, and therefore the reproduction rate of cows is improved;
2. the feed supplement has good palatability and high feed conversion rate, improves the feed intake of the breeding cows and ensures that the breeding cows take various nutrients to the maximum extent;
3. the feed supplement disclosed by the application maintains the rumen of the bred cows in a healthy state by utilizing the rumen regulating components and the active bacteria, so that the physique is improved, and the disease incidence is reduced.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
In the following examples and comparative examples:
cobalamin was purchased from Shandong Teng chemical Co., Ltd;
bacillus subtilis (A), (B) and (C)Bacillus subtilis) Lactic acid bacteria (A)lactic acid bacteria) Aspergillus nigerAspergillus niger) All purchased from the institute of biotechnology, the institute of Biotechnology, the Ministry of health and Innovation, North China;
rhodotorula rubra (A)Phaffia rhodozyma) Purchased from the Weihai photonics Biotech Ltd;
amylase and quercetin were purchased from jinanying biotechnology limited;
protease was purchased from zhoxin biotechnology, su;
cellulases were purchased from santong saurolophy ltd.
Example 1
A preparation method of a supplementary feed for breeding cows comprises the following steps:
a. raw material treatment:
pulverizing 250kg corn to particle size of 2.3mm, mixing 56kg soybean meal, 25kg cottonseed meal, 24.5kg sesame meal, 95kg bran, 79.3kg corn germ meal, 190kg DDGS, 190kg corn husk, 24.2kg stone powder, 3.5kg calcium bicarbonate, 6kg sodium chloride, 0.06kg copper sulfate, 0.087kg ferrous sulfate, 0.26kg zinc sulfate, 0.398kg manganese sulfate, 0.001kg potassium iodide, 0.031kg cobalamin, 0.001kg sodium selenite, 2.99 × 10-3kg vitamin A, 8.7 × 10-5Pulverizing vitamin D3 kg and vitamin E0.18 kg to particle size of 2.8 mm;
b. mixing and stirring
B, putting the raw materials crushed in the step a into a mixer, mixing and stirring for 20s at the rotating speed of 1300r/min, then adding 14kg of cane molasses, continuing stirring for 100s, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
c. modified granulation
Feeding the mixture into a modulator, hardening and tempering the mixture under the steam pressure of 0.2MPa and the temperature of 55 ℃, and then feeding the mixture into a granulator for extrusion granulation to obtain mixed material granules with the granule length of 6-20 mm;
d. cooling staging
And cooling the mixed material particles to 20 ℃, then entering a plane rotary grading sieve for sieving and grading, discharging the mixed material particles meeting the specification to obtain the supplementary feed, and feeding the mixed material particles not meeting the specification into a granulator again for granulation again.
Example 2
A preparation method of a supplementary feed for breeding cows comprises the following steps:
a. raw material treatment:
pulverizing 290kg corn into 2.5mm, mixing 51kg soybean meal, 27kg cottonseed meal, 19.5kg sesame meal, 101kg bran, 76.3kg corn germ meal, 196kg DDGS,187kg of sprayed corn bran, 26.2kg of stone powder, 3.0kg of calcium bicarbonate, 8kg of sodium chloride, 0.065kg of copper sulfate, 0.079kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.28kg of zinc sulfate, 0.368kg of manganese sulfate, 0.0012kg of potassium iodide, 0.028kg of cobalamin, 0.0011kg of sodium selenite, 2.96 multiplied by 10-3kg vitamin A, 9.7 × 10-5Pulverizing vitamin D3 kg and vitamin E0.14 kg to particle size of 3.0 mm;
b. mixing and stirring
B, putting the raw materials crushed in the step a into a mixer, mixing and stirring the raw materials for 22.5s at the rotating speed of 1400r/min, then adding 10kg of cane molasses, continuously stirring the mixture for 110s, and uniformly mixing the mixture to obtain a mixture;
c. modified granulation
Feeding the mixture into a modulator, hardening and tempering the mixture under the steam pressure of 0.3MPa and the temperature of 77.5 ℃, and then feeding the mixture into a granulator for extrusion granulation to obtain mixed granules with the granule length of 6-20 mm;
d. cooling staging
And cooling the mixed material particles to 24 ℃, then entering a plane rotary grading sieve for sieving and grading, discharging the mixed material particles meeting the specification to obtain the supplementary feed, and feeding the mixed material particles not meeting the specification into a granulator again for granulation again.
Example 3
A preparation method of a supplementary feed for breeding cows comprises the following steps:
a. raw material treatment:
pulverizing 330kg corn to 2.7mm, mixing 46kg soybean meal, 29kg cottonseed meal, 14.5kg sesame meal, 107kg bran, 73.3kg corn germ meal, 202kg DDGS, 184kg corn husk, 28.2kg stone powder, 2.5kg calcium bicarbonate, 10kg sodium chloride, 0.07kg copper sulfate, 0.071kg ferrous sulfate, 0.3kg zinc sulfate, 0.338kg manganese sulfate, 0.0014kg potassium iodide, 0.025kg cobalamin, 0.0012kg sodium selenite, 2.93 × 10-3kg vitamin A, 10.7 × 10-5Pulverizing vitamin D3 kg and vitamin E0.1 kg to particle size of 3.2 mm;
b. mixing and stirring
B, putting the raw materials crushed in the step a into a mixer, mixing and stirring for 25s at the rotating speed of 1500r/min, then adding 6kg of cane molasses, continuing stirring for 120s, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
c. modified granulation
Feeding the mixture into a modulator, hardening and tempering the mixture under the steam pressure of 0.4MPa and the temperature of 100 ℃, and then feeding the mixture into a granulator for extrusion granulation to obtain mixed material granules with the granule length of 6-20 mm;
d. cooling staging
And cooling the mixed material particles to 28 ℃, then entering a plane rotary grading sieve for sieving and grading, discharging the mixed material particles meeting the specification to obtain the supplementary feed, and feeding the mixed material particles not meeting the specification into a granulator again for granulation again.
Example 4
A preparation method of a supplementary feed for breeding cows comprises the following steps:
a. raw material treatment:
275kg of corn is crushed to the grain size of 2.4mm, 48kg of bean pulp, 26.5kg of cottonseed meal, 17kg of sesame meal, 98kg of bran, 75kg of corn germ meal, 193kg of DDGS, 185kg of sprayed corn bran, 25kg of stone powder, 2.7kg of calcium bicarbonate, 7kg of sodium chloride, 0.062kg of copper sulfate, 0.075kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.265kg of zinc sulfate, 0.36kg of manganese sulfate, 0.0011kg of potassium iodide, 0.026kg of cobalamin, 0.00105kg of sodium selenite, 2.94X 10kg of sodium selenite-3kg vitamin A, 9.0 × 10-5Pulverizing vitamin D3 kg and vitamin E0.12 kg to particle size of 2.9 mm;
b. mixing and stirring
B, putting the raw materials crushed in the step a into a mixer, mixing and stirring for 21s at the rotating speed of 1350r/min, then adding 8kg of cane molasses, continuing stirring for 105s, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
c. modified granulation
Feeding the mixture into a modulator, hardening and tempering the mixture under the steam pressure of 0.25MPa and the temperature of 60 ℃, and then feeding the mixture into a granulator for extrusion granulation to obtain mixed material granules with the granule length of 6-20 mm;
d. cooling staging
And cooling the mixed material particles to 22 ℃, then entering a plane rotary grading sieve for sieving and grading, discharging the mixed material particles meeting the specification to obtain the supplementary feed, and feeding the mixed material particles not meeting the specification into a granulator again for granulation again.
Example 5
A preparation method of a supplementary feed for breeding cows comprises the following steps:
a. raw material treatment:
crushing 315kg of corn into the grain size of 2.6mm, and crushing 55kg of bean pulp, 28kg of cottonseed meal, 23kg of sesame meal, 105kg of bran, 78kg of corn germ meal, 200kg of DDGS, 189kg of sprayed corn bran, 28kg of stone powder, 3.4kg of calcium bicarbonate, 9kg of sodium chloride, 0.068kg of copper sulfate, 0.086kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.295kg of zinc sulfate, 0.39kg of manganese sulfate, 0.0013kg of potassium iodide, 0.03kg of cobalamin, 0.00115kg of sodium selenite, 2.98X 10kg of sodium selenite-3kg vitamin A, 10.0 × 10-5Pulverizing vitamin D3 kg and vitamin E0.17 kg to particle size of 3.1 mm;
b. mixing and stirring
B, putting the raw materials crushed in the step a into a mixer, mixing and stirring for 24s at the rotating speed of 1480r/min, then adding 13kg of cane molasses, continuously stirring for 115s, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
c. modified granulation
Feeding the mixture into a modulator, hardening and tempering the mixture under the steam pressure of 0.35MPa and the temperature of 90 ℃, and then feeding the mixture into a granulator for extrusion granulation to obtain mixed material granules with the granule length of 6-20 mm;
d. cooling staging
And cooling the mixed material particles to 27 ℃, then entering a plane rotary grading sieve for sieving and grading, discharging the mixed material particles meeting the specification to obtain the supplementary feed, and feeding the mixed material particles not meeting the specification into a granulator again for granulation again.
Example 6
A preparation method of a supplementary feed for breeding cows is different from that of the feed in example 2 in that: step c also comprises the following steps: and (b) dispersing 0.02kg of live bacteria leavening agent (0.003 kg of bacillus subtilis, 0.0076kg of lactic acid bacteria, 0.0054kg of rhodotorula benthami and 0.002kg of aspergillus niger) in water at the temperature of 35 ℃ to prepare leavening agent bacteria suspension with the mass concentration of 0.1%, spraying the leavening agent bacteria suspension into the mixture obtained in the step (b), adding 0.15kg of complex enzyme preparation (0.035 kg of amylase, 0.051kg of protease and 0.063kg of cellulase), mixing and stirring for 2 min.
Example 7
A preparation method of a supplementary feed for breeding cows is different from that of the feed in example 2 in that: step c also comprises the following steps: and (b) dispersing 0.18kg of live bacteria starter (0.04 kg of bacillus subtilis, 0.0672kg of lactic acid bacteria, 0.0432kg of rhodotorula benthami and 0.016kg of aspergillus niger) in water at the temperature of 37 ℃ to prepare starter bacteria suspension with the mass concentration of 0.9%, spraying the starter bacteria suspension to the mixture obtained in the step (b), adding 0.05kg of complex enzyme preparation (0.0118 kg of amylase, 0.0182kg of protease and 0.0202kg of cellulase), mixing and stirring for 3 min.
Example 8
A preparation method of a supplementary feed for breeding cows is different from that of the feed in example 2 in that: in the step b, the raw materials mixed before adding the cane molasses also comprise: 48.75kg kelp powder, 0.1kg quercetin, 3.95kg fennel powder, 0.69kg thymol, 0.56kg eugenol and 0.72kg vanillin.
Example 9
A preparation method of a supplementary feed for breeding cows is different from that of the feed in example 2 in that: in the step b, the raw materials mixed before adding the cane molasses also comprise: 50.75kg kelp powder, 0.099kg quercetin, 4.01kg fennel powder, 0.63kg thymol, 0.76kg eugenol and 0.6kg vanillin.
Example 10
A method for preparing a supplementary feed for breeding cows, which is different from the preparation method of the supplementary feed of example 7 in that: in the step b, the raw materials mixed before adding the cane molasses also comprise: 49.75kg kelp powder, 0.0995kg quercetin, 3.98kg fennel powder, 0.66kg thymol, 0.66kg eugenol and 0.66kg vanillin.
Comparative example 1
A commercial feed is adopted, and the feed comprises the following components: 200kg of corn, 120kg of soybean meal, 80kg of wheat bran, 40kg of fish meal, 60kg of black beans, 20kg of white mushrooms, 10kg of spirulina, 40kg of sweet potatoes, 20kg of purslane, 10kg of cod liver oil and 30kg of salt.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 2 is that: in the step a, 200kg of corn, 60kg of soybean meal, 20kg of cottonseed meal, 30kg of sesame meal, 90kg of bran, 85kg of corn germ meal, 180kg of DDGS, 200kg of sprayed corn bran, 20kg of stone powder, 5kg of calcium bicarbonate, 3kg of sodium chloride, 0.02kg of copper sulfate, 0.095kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.2kg of zinc sulfate, 0.5kg of manganese sulfate, 0.0008kg of potassium iodide, 0.05kg of cobalamin, 0.0005kg of sodium selenite, 3.5 x 10 of vitamin A, and the like-3kg. Vitamin D3 is 5.7 × 10-5kg. Vitamin E is 0.5 kg; in step b, 20kg of cane molasses is used.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 2 is that: in the step a, 380kg of corn, 30kg of bean pulp, 35kg of cottonseed meal, 12kg of sesame meal, 120kg of bran, 60kg of corn germ meal, 210kg of DDGS, 175kg of starched corn bran, 35kg of stone powder, 1.5kg of calcium bicarbonate, 15kg of sodium chloride, 0.1kg of copper sulfate, 0.055kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.4kg of zinc sulfate, 0.1kg of manganese sulfate, 0.003kg of potassium iodide, 0.01kg of cobalamin, 0.005kg of sodium selenite and 2.5 x 10 of vitamin A-3kg. Vitamin D3 is 15.7 × 10-5kg. Vitamin E is 0.04 kg; in step b, the amount of cane molasses is 3 kg.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 2 is that: in the step b, all the raw materials crushed in the step a are directly mixed with the cane molasses.
Performance detection
Feeding experiment
2100 healthy and disease-free breeding cows with the same variety and weight of 500kg +/-10 kg and normal growth are selected, the breeding cows are averagely divided into 14 groups, 150 in each group are respectively placed in 14 cattle barns in the same environment, the supplementary feed prepared in examples 1-10 and comparative examples 1-4 and corn (the weight ratio of the supplementary feed to the corn is 2: 1) are respectively adopted for mixing and feeding, and the breeding cows are fed for 13 months from the mating. Feeding at a fixed time of 8:30 in the morning and 5:30 in the afternoon for 2 times, wherein the daily feed intake of each breeding cow is 3 kg. 3 times daily drinking water, 9:30 in the morning and 12 in the noon: 30 in the afternoon at 6:30 to ensure that each cow drinks water fully. The number of sick heads per group of breeding cows within 2 months, the average daily gain per breeding cow within each group, and the breeding rate of cows after 13 months (breeding rate = number of calves/number of breeding cows x 100%) were recorded, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Item | Number of sick heads | Daily gain (kg) | Reproduction ratio (%) |
| Example 1 | 8 | 3.25 | 93.33 |
| Example 2 | 5 | 3.67 | 96.67 |
| Example 3 | 9 | 3.06 | 94.00 |
| Example 4 | 7 | 3.31 | 94.67 |
| Example 5 | 7 | 3.29 | 95.33 |
| Example 6 | 3 | 4.36 | 98.67 |
| Example 7 | 3 | 4.41 | 98.00 |
| Example 8 | 2 | 5.01 | 98.00 |
| Example 9 | 1 | 5.05 | 98.67 |
| Example 10 | 0 | 6.12 | 99.33 |
| Comparative example 1 | 15 | 1.55 | 66.67 |
| Comparative example 2 | 12 | 2.87 | 80.00 |
| Comparative example 3 | 12 | 2.76 | 79.33 |
| Comparative example 4 | 10 | 2.99 | 85.33 |
As can be seen from table 1, the supplementary feeds prepared in examples 1 to 5 of the present application feed breeding cows with ill heads of 5 to 9, daily gain of 3.06 to 3.67kg, and reproduction rate of 93.33 to 96.97% after 13 months, while the supplementary feed of comparative example 1 feeds breeding cows with ill heads of 15, daily gain of 1.55kg, and reproduction rate of 66.67% after 13 months, which indicates that the supplementary feeds prepared in examples 1 to 5 of the present application can provide comprehensive, sufficient and balanced nutrition for breeding cows, and has good palatability, high feed conversion rate, increased feed intake of breeding cows, high conception rate of breeding cows, and increased survival rate of calves, thereby increasing the reproduction rate of breeding cows.
The number of the ill heads of the embodiments 6 to 7 is smaller than that of the embodiment 2, the daily gain and the reproduction rate after 13 months are higher than that of the embodiment 2, and the results show that the feed can be decomposed in advance by adopting the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation, so that macromolecular substances in the feed are converted into small molecular substances which are convenient for the reproduction of cows to absorb, and the active bacteria can improve the intestinal health of the reproduction of cows, enhance the physique of the reproduction of cows, reduce the incidence of diseases and the health of fetuses, so that the reproduction rate of the reproduction of cows is improved.
The number of the disease-causing heads of the examples 8-9 is less than that of the example 2, the daily gain and the reproduction rate after 13 months are higher than that of the example 2, and the results show that the kelp powder, the quercetin, the fennel powder, the thymol, the eugenol and the vanillin are further added into the supplementary feed, so that the rumen function can be maintained in a healthy state, the conversion rate of the feed and the rumen microbial protein synthesis amount are improved, the conception rate of the breeding cows and the survival rate of calves are improved, and the reproduction rate of the breeding cows is improved.
The number of ill heads in example 10 is less than that in example 7, and the daily gain and the reproduction rate after 13 months are higher than those in example 7, which shows that the disease incidence rate of the breeding cows can be obviously reduced, the conversion rate of the feed is improved, the conception rate of the breeding cows and the survival rate of calves are further improved, and the reproduction rate of the breeding cows is further improved by adding kelp powder, quercetin, fennel powder, thymol, eugenol and vanillin to the supplementary feed while adopting the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation.
The number of sick heads of the feed in example 2 is less than that of the feed in comparative examples 2-3, and the daily gain and the reproduction rate after 13 months are higher than that of the feed in comparative examples 2-3, which shows that the nutrition balance of the breeding cows is reduced and the reproduction rate of the breeding cows is reduced when all the components in the supplementary feed are lower than or higher than the range of the feed.
The number of ill heads of example 2 was less than that of comparative example 4, and the daily gain and the breeding rate after 13 months were higher than that of comparative example 4, which shows that mixing all the pulverized raw materials with cane molasses decreases the dispersibility of the components in the supplementary feed, thereby decreasing the nutritional balance of the breeding cows and proceeding to decrease the breeding rate of the breeding cows.
The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the scope of protection of the present application is not limited by the embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A supplementary feed for breeding cows is characterized in that the raw materialsThe paint comprises the following components in parts by weight: 250-330 parts of corn, 46-56 parts of soybean meal, 25-29 parts of cottonseed meal, 14.5-24.5 parts of sesame meal, 95-107 parts of bran, 73.3-79.3 parts of corn germ meal, 190-202 parts of DDGS (distillers dried grains with soluble), 184-190 parts of gunite corn husk, 24.2-28.2 parts of stone powder, 2.5-3.5 parts of calcium bicarbonate, 6-10 parts of sodium chloride, 6-14 parts of cane molasses, 0.06-0.07 part of copper sulfate, 0.071-0.087 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.26-0.30 part of zinc sulfate, 0.338-0.398 part of manganese sulfate, 0.0010-0.0014 part of potassium iodide, 0.025-0.031 part of cobalamin, 0.001-0.0012 part of sodium selenite, 2.93 x 10 parts of vitamin A-3~2.99×10-3Portions of vitamin D38.7 multiplied by 10-5~10.7×10-50.1-0.18 part of vitamin E.
2. The supplementary feed for breeding cows according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 290 parts of corn, 51 parts of bean pulp, 27 parts of cottonseed meal, 19.5 parts of sesame meal, 101 parts of bran, 76.3 parts of corn germ meal, 196 parts of DDGS, 187 parts of gunite corn bran, 26.2 parts of stone powder, 3.0 parts of calcium bicarbonate, 8 parts of sodium chloride, 10 parts of cane molasses, 0.065 part of copper sulfate, 0.079 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.28 part of zinc sulfate, 0.368 part of manganese sulfate, 0.0012 part of potassium iodide, 0.028 part of cobalamin, 0.0011 part of sodium selenite, 2.96 multiplied by 10 parts of vitamin A-3Portions of vitamin D39.7 multiplied by 10-50.14 portion of vitamin E.
3. A supplementary feed for breeding cows according to claim 1 or 2, which comprises: the raw materials also comprise 0.02-0.18 part of live bacteria starter and 0.05-0.15 part of complex enzyme preparation.
4. A supplementary feed for breeding cows according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the live bacteria starter comprises the following components in percentage by weight (1.5-2.5): (3.8-4.2): (2.7-3.3): 1 bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus, rhodotorula benthica and aspergillus niger.
5. A supplementary feed for breeding cows according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the compound enzyme preparation comprises the following components in percentage by weight (3.8-4.2): (5.5-6.5): (6.8-7.2) amylase, protease and cellulase.
6. The supplemental feed for breeding cows according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the raw materials also comprise 48.75-50.75 parts by weight of kelp powder, 0.099-0.1 part by weight of quercetin, 3.95-4.01 parts by weight of fennel powder, 0.63-0.69 part by weight of thymol, 0.56-0.76 part by weight of eugenol and 0.6-0.72 part by weight of vanillin.
7. A method of preparing a supplementary feed for breeding cows according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
raw material treatment:
crushing the corn to the particle size of 2.3-2.7 mm, and crushing the other raw materials except the cane molasses to the particle size of 2.8-3.2 mm;
b. mixing and stirring
B, mixing and stirring the raw materials crushed in the step a uniformly at the rotating speed of 1300-1500 r/min, then adding cane molasses, continuing stirring, and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture;
c. modified granulation
Tempering the mixture under the steam pressure of 0.2-0.4 MPa and the temperature of 55-100 ℃, and carrying out extrusion granulation to obtain mixed material particles with the particle length of 6-20 mm;
d. cooling staging
And cooling the mixed material particles to 20-28 ℃, sieving and grading, and discharging to obtain the supplementary feed.
8. The method for preparing the supplementary feed for breeding cows according to claim 7, which comprises: in the step b, the stirring time of the raw materials crushed in the step a is 20-25 s, and the raw materials are continuously stirred for 100-120 s after cane molasses is added.
9. The method of claim 7, further comprising, prior to step c: and (c) dispersing the live bacteria starter in water at the temperature of 35-37 ℃ to prepare starter bacteria suspension with the mass concentration of 0.1-0.9%, spraying the starter bacteria suspension into the mixture obtained in the step b, adding the complex enzyme preparation, mixing and stirring for 2-3 min.
10. The method for preparing the supplementary feed for breeding cows according to claim 7, which comprises: in the step b, the raw materials mixed before the cane molasses is added also comprise kelp powder, quercetin, fennel powder, thymol, eugenol and vanillin.
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