CN112362205A - Ultrasonic measurement probe and measurement method for residual stress of workpiece with irregular surface - Google Patents
Ultrasonic measurement probe and measurement method for residual stress of workpiece with irregular surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN112362205A CN112362205A CN202011316929.7A CN202011316929A CN112362205A CN 112362205 A CN112362205 A CN 112362205A CN 202011316929 A CN202011316929 A CN 202011316929A CN 112362205 A CN112362205 A CN 112362205A
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 29
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/25—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
- G01L1/255—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons using acoustic waves, or acoustic emission
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/28—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details providing acoustic coupling, e.g. water
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
- G01N2291/011—Velocity or travel time
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/02827—Elastic parameters, strength or force
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开的一种不规则表面工件的残余应力超声测量探头及测量方法，包括旋转连接杆，其两端分别一个超声探头，两个超声探头沿旋转连接杆的轴向中心对称设置，并且能够沿旋转连接杆的周向转动，其中一个发射探头，另一个为接收探头；通过可绕其中心轴向旋转的连接杆连接发射探头和超声探头，使探头可以适应工件沿纵向方向的曲面扭转；通过将晶片外形设计为瓦型外凸形式，使晶片产生自聚焦从而减小超声声束的横向尺寸；通过将楔块声阻抗设置为在横向方向从外侧向中心逐渐减小，进一步减小了超声声束的横向尺寸；通过在楔块底部设置与之配合的适形保护膜，使探头对工件纵向和横向曲率变化适应的更好。
The invention discloses a residual stress ultrasonic measuring probe and a measuring method of a workpiece with an irregular surface, comprising a rotating connecting rod, two ultrasonic probes at both ends respectively, and the two ultrasonic probes are symmetrically arranged along the axial center of the rotating connecting rod, and can Rotate along the circumferential direction of the rotating connecting rod, one of which is a transmitting probe and the other is a receiving probe; the transmitting probe and the ultrasonic probe are connected by a connecting rod that can rotate around its central axis, so that the probe can adapt to the curved surface twist of the workpiece along the longitudinal direction; By designing the outer shape of the wafer to be a tile-shaped convex form, the wafer can be self-focused to reduce the lateral size of the ultrasonic beam; The transverse dimension of the ultrasonic sound beam; by setting the conformable protective film at the bottom of the wedge, the probe can better adapt to the longitudinal and transverse curvature changes of the workpiece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of nondestructive testing, and particularly relates to a residual stress ultrasonic measuring probe for an irregular surface workpiece.
Background
Residual stress in the workpiece often causes fatigue failure, deformation and the like of the workpiece, and has great influence on service performance and dimensional accuracy of the workpiece. Meanwhile, the region with concentrated residual stress is often the part of the workpiece where cracks are easily generated, and the accurate measurement of the residual stress distribution and the residual stress level has very important significance for monitoring the service condition of the workpiece.
The gas turbine compressor blade is a core component of a gas turbine for applying work to gas compression, and the blade is often in a complex stress state due to the action of airflow impact force, centrifugal force and the like in the operation process, so that the local stress concentration of the blade is caused, and the plastic deformation of local materials is caused to generate residual stress.
At present, the most common residual stress measurement method is a critical refraction longitudinal wave method, and generally a transmission-receiving type ultrasonic detection mode is adopted for stress measurement. However, for the workpieces with irregular surfaces, such as the compressor blades, due to the complex and changeable profile, the good coupling of the probe and the workpiece surface is seriously influenced, so that the residual stress measurement of parts with large curvature change of the compressor blades is difficult to implement.
In order to overcome the defects, the ultrasonic measuring probe for the residual stress of the workpiece with the irregular surface is designed to achieve good coupling with the surface of the workpiece with larger curvature change, and realize high-precision ultrasonic detection of the residual stress of the workpiece with the irregular surface.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the ultrasonic measuring probe for the residual stress of the workpiece with the irregular surface, which overcomes the defect of poor coupling of the ultrasonic probe for the workpiece with the irregular surface, enables the ultrasonic measuring probe to be well coupled even on the irregular surface with large curvature change, and realizes the accurate measurement of the residual stress of the workpiece with the irregular surface.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the ultrasonic measuring probe for the residual stress of the workpiece with the irregular surface comprises a rotary connecting rod, wherein two ends of the rotary connecting rod are respectively provided with an ultrasonic probe, the two ultrasonic probes are symmetrically arranged along the axial center of the rotary connecting rod and can rotate along the circumferential direction of the rotary connecting rod, one transmitting probe and the other receiving probe are arranged on the rotary connecting rod;
the ultrasonic probe comprises a conformal protective film, a wafer for transversely focusing ultrasonic waves and a transverse focusing wedge block;
the conformal protective film is positioned at the bottom of the transverse focusing wedge block and used for enabling the bottom surface of the transverse focusing wedge block to be completely attached to the surface of a workpiece, the wafer is arranged on the transverse focusing wedge block, and the incident angle of the transmitting probe wafer and the emergent angle of the receiving probe wafer can generate critical refraction longitudinal waves;
during measurement, ultrasonic waves are focused by the wafer of the transmitting probe, transmitted to a workpiece through the transverse focusing wedge block and transmitted to the wafer through the transverse focusing wedge block of the transmitting probe to be emitted.
Preferably, the end of the lateral focusing wedge away from the rotary connection end is provided with an inclined surface, and the wafer is arranged on the inclined surface.
Preferably, the surface of the wafer is a convex cambered surface.
Preferably, the conformable protective film is a flexible film.
Preferably, the acoustic impedance of the conformal protective film is between the transverse focusing wedge and the workpiece to be detected respectively.
Preferably, the thickness of the conformal protective film is 1/4, or an integer multiple of 1/4 wavelengths of the ultrasound wavelength.
Preferably, the upper surface of the lateral focusing wedge is a convex arc surface, so that the acoustic impedance is gradually reduced from the outer side to the center along the radial direction of the arc surface.
Preferably, the rotating connecting rod comprises an inner rod and an outer rod which are sleeved with each other, the inner rod and the outer rod can rotate mutually, and the two ultrasonic probes are fixedly connected with the end parts of the inner rod and the outer rod respectively.
Preferably, the sleeve ends of the inner rod and the outer rod are provided with axial limiting devices for limiting the lengths of the inner rod and the outer rod.
Preferably, the distance between the ultrasonic wave incident point of the transverse focusing wedge of the transmitting probe and the ultrasonic wave emergent point of the transverse focusing wedge of the receiving probe is 5-10 mm.
A measuring method of a residual stress ultrasonic measuring probe of an irregular surface workpiece is characterized in that two ultrasonic probes are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the workpiece, and the bottom surface of a transverse focusing wedge block is completely coupled with the surface of the workpiece;
transmitting ultrasonic waves through a wafer of a transmitting probe, transmitting the ultrasonic waves to a transverse focusing wedge block of the transmitting probe after focusing, transmitting the ultrasonic waves to a workpiece after focusing again in the transverse focusing wedge block, forming critical refraction longitudinal waves, transmitting the critical refraction longitudinal waves to the transverse focusing wedge block of a receiving probe in the workpiece, and receiving the critical refraction longitudinal waves by the wafer of the receiving probe;
and acquiring the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave, and acquiring the residual stress in the workpiece with the irregular surface according to the propagation time-residual stress curve diagram of the ultrasonic wave of the workpiece.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the ultrasonic measuring probe for the residual stress of the workpiece with the irregular surface, provided by the invention, is connected with the transmitting probe and the ultrasonic probe through the connecting rod which can axially rotate around the center of the connecting rod, so that the probe can adapt to the curved surface torsion of the workpiece in the longitudinal direction; the wafer and the transverse focusing wedge block are used for focusing ultrasonic waves, the transverse size of an ultrasonic sound beam is reduced, and the bottom of the wedge block is provided with a conformal protective film matched with the wedge block, so that the ultrasonic probe can better adapt to the longitudinal and transverse curvature changes of a workpiece, the workpiece surface with larger curvature change can be well coupled, and the high-precision ultrasonic detection of the residual stress of the workpiece with the irregular surface is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a residual stress ultrasonic measuring probe for an irregular surface workpiece according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an ultrasonic residual stress measurement probe for an irregular surface workpiece according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the ultrasonic probe for measuring residual stress of the irregular surface workpiece according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the rotating connecting rod of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-a first ultrasonic probe, 2-a second ultrasonic probe, 3-a rotating connecting rod;
101-a first wafer, 102-a first lateral focusing wedge, 103-a first conformal protective film;
201-second wafer, 202-second lateral focusing wedge, 203-second conformal protective film.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the attached drawings, which are illustrative, but not limiting, of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the ultrasonic measurement probe for the residual stress of the workpiece with the irregular surface is characterized by comprising a rotary connecting rod 3, and a first ultrasonic probe 1 and a second ultrasonic probe 2 which are identical in structure, wherein the first ultrasonic probe 1 is a transmitting probe, and the second ultrasonic probe 2 is a receiving probe.
The first ultrasonic probe 1 described above includes a first wafer 101, a first lateral focusing wedge 102, and a first conformal protective film 103.
The second ultrasonic probe 2 includes a second wafer 201, a second transverse focusing wedge 202, and a second conformal protective film 203.
Two ends of the rotating connecting rod 3 are fixedly connected with the first ultrasonic probe 1 and the second ultrasonic probe 2 respectively, the first wafer 101 and the second wafer 201 have a transverse self-focusing characteristic, the first transverse focusing wedge block 102 and the second transverse focusing wedge block 202 have a transverse focusing effect on ultrasonic waves, and the first conformal protective film 103 and the second conformal protective film 203 are made of flexible wear-resistant materials.
The first wafer 101 and the second wafer 201 are both tile-shaped and convex, and the self-focusing characteristic in the lateral direction is realized by the radian of the wafers themselves.
The upper surfaces of the first lateral focusing wedge 102 and the second lateral focusing wedge 202 are convex in a tile shape, and are respectively matched with the first wafer 101 and the second wafer 102, and the acoustic impedance is gradually reduced from the left side to the right side to the middle in the lateral direction.
Referring to fig. 4, the rotating connecting rod 3 can rotate about its axial direction and can maintain a constant length during the rotation.
The utility model discloses a pole, including the length of pole, the swing joint pole is including the interior pole and the outer pole of establishing of overlapping each other, and interior pole and outer pole can the rotation each other, two ultrasonic probe respectively with the tip rigid coupling of interior pole and outer pole, the end of cup jointing of interior pole and outer pole is provided with axial stop device for it is spacing to the length of interior pole and outer pole.
The first and second conformal protective films 103 and 203 are fitted to the lower surfaces of the first and second lateral focusing wedges 102 and 202, respectively.
The acoustic impedance of the first conformal protective film 103 should be between the first transverse focusing wedge 102 and the workpiece to be detected, and the acoustic impedance of the second conformal protective film 203 should be between the second transverse focusing wedge 202 and the workpiece to be detected, so as to ensure that a high proportion of ultrasonic waves are transmitted into the workpiece.
The separation a between the entrance point of the first lateral focusing wedge 102 and the exit point of the second lateral focusing wedge 202 is 5-10 mm.
The thickness of the first and second conformal protective films 103 and 203 should be one-fourth or an integer multiple of the wavelength of the ultrasound waves corresponding to the center frequency of the probe. .
The incident angles of the first wafer 101 and the second wafer 201 are such that a critically refracted longitudinal wave can be generated in the workpiece.
The invention is further illustrated with reference to fig. 2 and 3:
the probe is coupled on the workpiece with the irregular surface, and the rotating connecting rod 3 is adapted to the curved surface torsion of the workpiece along the longitudinal direction, so that the first ultrasonic probe 1 and the second ultrasonic probe 2 are better coupled on the surface of the workpiece. Meanwhile, the first conformal protective film 103 and the second conformal protective film 203 enable the first ultrasonic probe 1 and the second ultrasonic probe 2 to be better adaptive to the longitudinal curvature and the transverse curvature change of the workpiece, and enable the coupling of the probes and the workpiece to be better and more stable.
The ultrasonic waves are emitted through the first wafer 101, and the first wafer 101 has a self-focusing function because of the tile-shaped convex shape, so that the ultrasonic waves have a tendency to be focused toward the center of the acoustic beam after being emitted. Then, in the process of propagating the ultrasonic wave through the first transverse focusing wedge 102, due to the special design of the acoustic impedance of the wedge material, the ultrasonic wave is further focused to the center of the wedge in the process of propagating, so that the size of the bottom of the first transverse focusing wedge 102 can be reduced, and the coupling effect is better. Subsequently, the ultrasonic wave enters the workpiece through the first conformal protective film 103, forms a critical refraction longitudinal wave, propagates in the workpiece, and is received by the second wafer 201 through the second conformal protective film 203 and the second transverse focusing wedge 202, and the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave is obtained. And obtaining the residual stress inside the workpiece with the irregular surface according to a known propagation time-residual stress curve diagram of the ultrasonic wave made of the workpiece material.
The ultrasonic measuring probe for the residual stress of the workpiece with the irregular surface, provided by the invention, is connected with the transmitting probe and the ultrasonic probe through the connecting rod which can axially rotate around the center of the connecting rod, so that the probe can adapt to the curved surface torsion of the workpiece in the longitudinal direction; the wafer is self-focused by designing the appearance of the wafer into a tile-shaped convex form, so that the transverse size of an ultrasonic sound beam is reduced; the lateral dimension of the ultrasonic sound beam is further reduced by setting the acoustic impedance of the wedge to be gradually reduced from the outside toward the center in the lateral direction; the conformal protective film matched with the wedge block is arranged at the bottom of the wedge block, so that the ultrasonic probe can better adapt to the longitudinal and transverse curvature changes of a workpiece, the surface of the workpiece with larger curvature change can be well coupled, and the high-precision ultrasonic detection of the residual stress of the workpiece with the irregular surface can be realized.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The ultrasonic measuring probe for the residual stress of the workpiece with the irregular surface is characterized by comprising a rotary connecting rod (3), wherein two ends of the rotary connecting rod (3) are respectively provided with an ultrasonic probe, the two ultrasonic probes are symmetrically arranged along the axial center of the rotary connecting rod (3) and can rotate along the circumferential direction of the rotary connecting rod (3), one of the ultrasonic probes is a transmitting probe, and the other ultrasonic probe is a receiving probe;
the ultrasonic probe comprises a conformal protective film, a wafer for transversely focusing ultrasonic waves and a transverse focusing wedge block;
the conformal protective film is positioned at the bottom of the transverse focusing wedge block and used for enabling the bottom surface of the transverse focusing wedge block to be completely attached to the surface of a workpiece, the wafer is arranged on the transverse focusing wedge block, and the incident angle of the transmitting probe wafer and the emergent angle of the receiving probe wafer can generate critical refraction longitudinal waves;
during measurement, ultrasonic waves are focused by the wafer of the transmitting probe, transmitted to a workpiece through the transverse focusing wedge block and transmitted to the wafer through the transverse focusing wedge block of the transmitting probe to be emitted.
2. The ultrasonic residual stress measurement probe for an irregular surface workpiece as set forth in claim 1, wherein the end of the transverse focusing wedge remote from the rotationally coupled end is provided with a bevel, and the wafer is disposed on the bevel.
3. The ultrasonic measurement probe of residual stress of an irregular surface workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the wafer is a convex arc.
4. The ultrasonic measurement probe of residual stress of an irregular surface workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that the conformal protective film is a flexible film.
5. The ultrasonic probe for measuring the residual stress of the irregular surface workpiece according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the acoustic impedance of the conformal protective film is between the transverse focusing wedge and the workpiece to be detected respectively.
6. The ultrasonic probe for measuring the residual stress of the irregular surface workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the transverse focusing wedge is a convex arc surface, so that the acoustic impedance is gradually reduced from the outer side to the center along the radial direction of the arc surface.
7. The ultrasonic measuring probe for the residual stress of the workpiece with the irregular surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotary connecting rod comprises an inner rod and an outer rod which are sleeved with each other, the inner rod and the outer rod can rotate with each other, and the two ultrasonic probes are respectively fixedly connected with the end parts of the inner rod and the outer rod.
8. The ultrasonic measuring probe for the residual stress of the workpiece with the irregular surface as claimed in claim 7, wherein the sleeving ends of the inner rod and the outer rod are provided with axial limiting devices for limiting the lengths of the inner rod and the outer rod.
9. The ultrasonic residual stress measurement probe for the irregular surface workpiece as set forth in claim 1, wherein the distance between the ultrasonic wave incident point of the transverse focusing wedge of the transmitting probe and the ultrasonic wave emergent point of the transverse focusing wedge of the receiving probe is 5-10 mm.
10. A method for measuring the residual stress ultrasonic measuring probe of the irregular surface workpiece according to any one of the claims 1 to 9,
arranging two ultrasonic probes along the longitudinal direction of the workpiece, and completely coupling the bottom surface of the transverse focusing wedge block with the surface of the workpiece;
transmitting ultrasonic waves through a wafer of a transmitting probe, transmitting the ultrasonic waves to a transverse focusing wedge block of the transmitting probe after focusing, transmitting the ultrasonic waves to a workpiece after focusing again in the transverse focusing wedge block, forming critical refraction longitudinal waves, transmitting the critical refraction longitudinal waves to the transverse focusing wedge block of a receiving probe in the workpiece, and receiving the critical refraction longitudinal waves by the wafer of the receiving probe;
and acquiring the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave, and acquiring the residual stress in the workpiece with the irregular surface according to the propagation time-residual stress curve diagram of the ultrasonic wave of the workpiece.
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| CN202011316929.7A CN112362205A (en) | 2020-11-20 | 2020-11-20 | Ultrasonic measurement probe and measurement method for residual stress of workpiece with irregular surface |
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| CN202011316929.7A CN112362205A (en) | 2020-11-20 | 2020-11-20 | Ultrasonic measurement probe and measurement method for residual stress of workpiece with irregular surface |
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| CN213455926U (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-06-15 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Ultrasonic measuring probe for residual stress of workpiece with irregular surface |
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2020
- 2020-11-20 CN CN202011316929.7A patent/CN112362205A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102686165A (en) * | 2010-10-21 | 2012-09-19 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Ultrasonic testing device and ultrasonic testing method |
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| CN103017953A (en) * | 2011-09-22 | 2013-04-03 | 北京理工大学 | Device for detecting residual stress close to surfaces of metal materials |
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| CN213455926U (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-06-15 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Ultrasonic measuring probe for residual stress of workpiece with irregular surface |
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