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CN112337192A - Efficient filtering material containing foaming coating and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Efficient filtering material containing foaming coating and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112337192A
CN112337192A CN202011143881.4A CN202011143881A CN112337192A CN 112337192 A CN112337192 A CN 112337192A CN 202011143881 A CN202011143881 A CN 202011143881A CN 112337192 A CN112337192 A CN 112337192A
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Prior art keywords
coating
electret
parts
agent
nano
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CN202011143881.4A
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CN112337192B (en
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丁其军
赵传山
陈立栋
李霞
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Shuxin Technology Co ltd
Qilu University of Technology
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Shuxin Technology Co Ltd
Qilu University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
    • D06N3/0011—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using non-woven fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0056—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the compounding ingredients of the macro-molecular coating
    • D06N3/0061—Organic fillers or organic fibrous fillers, e.g. ground leather waste, wood bark, cork powder, vegetable flour; Other organic compounding ingredients; Post-treatment with organic compounds
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    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
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    • D06N3/0063—Inorganic compounding ingredients, e.g. metals, carbon fibres, Na2CO3, metal layers; Post-treatment with inorganic compounds
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    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
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    • D06N3/0077—Embossing; Pressing of the surface; Tumbling and crumbling; Cracking; Cooling; Heating, e.g. mirror finish
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    • D06N3/047—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds with fluoropolymers
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    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
    • D06N3/121—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyesters, polycarbonates, alkyds
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    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
    • D06N3/14—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes
    • D06N3/142—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes mixture of polyurethanes with other resins in the same layer
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    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
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    • D06N3/14—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes
    • D06N3/145—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes two or more layers of polyurethanes
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    • D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
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    • D21H17/06—Alcohols; Phenols; Ethers; Aldehydes; Ketones; Acetals; Ketals
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种含有发泡涂层的高效过滤材料及其制备方法与应用，所述涂层由以下涂料制备，包括涂料A和涂料B，涂料A和涂料B按顺序先后涂布在多孔基底材料上；所述涂料A包括微米驻极体悬浮液100份、胶黏剂3～10份；润湿剂1～5份；分散剂1～5份；纳米纤维素1～5份；抗菌剂1～5份；所述涂料B包括纳米驻极体悬浮液100份、胶黏剂1～10份；润湿剂1～5份；分散剂1～5份；发泡剂1～5份；纳米纤维素1～5份；抗菌剂1～5份。本发明以可降解材料为基材，开发一种具有高效过滤性能的涂层，且具有较低的呼吸阻力。将该涂层涂布于无纺布基底材料制成过滤材料，将大大降低熔喷布的使用量。

Figure 202011143881

The invention discloses a high-efficiency filter material containing a foamed coating, a preparation method and application thereof. The coating is prepared from the following coatings, including a coating A and a coating B, and the coating A and the coating B are sequentially coated on a porous substrate. On the material; the coating A includes 100 parts of micro-electret suspension, 3-10 parts of adhesive; 1-5 parts of wetting agent; 1-5 parts of dispersant; 1-5 parts of nanocellulose; antibacterial agent 1-5 parts; the coating B includes 100 parts of nano-electret suspension, 1-10 parts of adhesive; 1-5 parts of wetting agent; 1-5 parts of dispersant; 1-5 parts of foaming agent; 1-5 parts of nanocellulose; 1-5 parts of antibacterial agent. The invention takes degradable material as the base material, and develops a coating with high-efficiency filtration performance and lower breathing resistance. Applying the coating to the non-woven base material to make a filter material will greatly reduce the amount of meltblown cloth used.

Figure 202011143881

Description

Efficient filtering material containing foaming coating and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of filter materials, and particularly relates to a filter material containing a foaming coating, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The main body filtering material of the mask is polypropylene melt-blown cloth, which is superfine electrostatic fiber cloth, dust can be captured due to electrostatic action, and spray containing various viruses can be adsorbed on the surface of the melt-blown cloth and cannot penetrate after approaching the polypropylene melt-blown cloth. The higher the gram weight of the melt-blown fabric is, the better the protection and filtration effect is, and the more excessive the melt-blown layer is, the more difficult the breathing is.
The electret material is added to improve the electret performance of the filter material, so that the electrostatic adsorption capacity is improved, and the filter efficiency is improved. Chinese patent document CN105920919A (201610329607.3) discloses a method for preparing and activating a superhydrophobic electret filter material for purifying PM 2.5. Adding the inorganic electret nano particles into a solvent for uniform dispersion, adding a polymer into the solvent, and stirring and dissolving the polymer uniformly to obtain a polymer solution containing the inorganic electret nano particles; preparing the solution on a non-woven fabric through electrostatic spinning to obtain an electret nanofiber layer; and then carrying out surface modification on the surface of the fiber layer by using a low surface energy solution to obtain a product. The obtained filter material has a super-hydrophobic effect, a large surface potential and the advantages of inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, bacteria and the like on the surface of the filter material. However, in the method, electret nano particles are added to realize the electret performance of the material, so that the electrostatic filtering efficiency of the material is improved, but the contradiction between the filtering efficiency and the breathing resistance cannot be comprehensively regulated, and the breathing resistance can be improved if the electret performance and the breathing efficiency are increased, so that the electret nano particles cannot be used as air filtering materials such as masks.
Chinese patent document CN 110732186 a (201911016889.1) discloses a porous air filtration membrane and a preparation method and use thereof. The porous air filtering membrane comprises a porous substrate material and a polymer layer with a pyroelectric function, wherein the polymer layer is covered on fibers of the porous substrate material, and the porous substrate material is a needle-punched non-woven fabric. The porous air filtering membrane can retain fine particles which are much smaller than the pores of the porous air filtering membrane, has high dust capacity, high filtering efficiency and low air filtering resistance, and can be regenerated for repeated use. And covering a polymer layer with a pyroelectric function on the fibers of the porous substrate material by using a spraying method, thereby preparing the porous air filtering membrane. Wherein the pyroelectric particles comprise lithium niobate and/or tourmaline; the pyroelectric polymer comprises polyvinylidene fluoride and/or polyamide-11.
However, in the filter material described in the above patent, the pyroelectric material is directly coated on the non-woven fabric, and in order to further improve the filtering efficiency and electret performance of the material, the spraying amount of the pyroelectric polymer needs to be increased, and the breathing resistance of the material must be greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the filtering material in the prior art can not be electret, the filtering efficiency of the modified material is low, the air resistance is large and the like. Provides a high-efficiency filter material containing a foaming coating, a preparation method and application thereof. According to the invention, the composite foaming coating is coated on the surface of the porous substrate material, so that the filter material which is high in filter efficiency, small in breathing resistance and capable of being electret is obtained. The contradiction between the filtration efficiency and the respiratory resistance can be comprehensively regulated and controlled by adjusting the consumption of the foaming agent and the nano-fiber, and the air filtration material with high filtration efficiency and small respiratory resistance is obtained.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a foaming coating paint is characterized by comprising a paint A and a paint B, wherein the paint A and the paint B are sequentially coated on a porous substrate material;
the coating A comprises 100 parts of a micrometer electret suspension and 3-10 parts of an adhesive; 1-5 parts of a wetting agent; 1-5 parts of a dispersing agent; 1-5 parts of nano cellulose; 1-5 parts of an antibacterial agent; the coating B comprises 100 parts of nano electret suspension and 1-10 parts of adhesive; 1-5 parts of a wetting agent; 1-5 parts of a dispersing agent; 1-5 parts of a foaming agent; 1-5 parts of nano cellulose; 1-5 parts of an antibacterial agent.
Preferably, the coating A comprises 3-8 parts of adhesive, 1 part of wetting agent, 1 part of dispersing agent, 2-5 parts of nano cellulose and 1 part of antibacterial agent; the coating B comprises 5-8 parts of adhesive, 1 part of wetting agent, 1 part of dispersing agent, 2-3 parts of foaming agent, 2-3 parts of nano cellulose and 1 part of antibacterial agent.
Preferably, the solid content of the micron electret suspension is 10-30%, wherein the solid phase is a micron-grade electret, and the liquid phase is a dispersant aqueous solution with the concentration of 10-30%. The solid content is further preferably 19 to 21%.
Further preferably, the micron-sized electret includes one or more of tourmaline powder, silicon nitride, electrode powder, carnauba wax and the like. The average particle size of the micron-sized electret is 30-80 μm. More preferably, the tourmaline powder and the silicon nitride are 50-80 μm, and the average particle size of the electrode powder and the carnauba wax is 30-50 μm.
Further preferably, the micron-sized electret is prepared by mixing the following components in a mass ratio of 11-13: 7-9: 0.8-1.2: 3.5-4.5 of tourmaline powder, silicon nitride, electrode powder and carnauba wax. The optimal proportion is determined by the electret charge, electret stability and breathing resistance of the coating, and has a synergistic promotion effect on the electret performance of the material.
Preferably, the solid content of the nano electret suspension in the coating B is 10-20%, wherein the solid phase is the nano electret, and the liquid phase is a dispersant aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 10-20%. Further preferably, the nano-electret is an organic electret material.
Preferably, the nanoscale electret comprises polytetrafluoroethylene, polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate with the mass ratio of 4.8-5.2: 1.8-2.2, and the purpose of compounding is to further optimize the electret performance. The average particle size of the nano-grade electret is 50-90 nm.
Preferably, the adhesive is one of common adhesives such as polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose and starch.
Preferably, the wetting agent, the dispersing agent and the antibacterial agent are functional auxiliaries commonly used in the field of coatings; further preferably, the wetting agent is glycerol, the dispersing agent is sodium hexametaphosphate, and the antibacterial agent is chitosan.
Preferably, the blowing agent is a commercially available blowing agent commonly used in the art.
Preferably, the nanocellulose in the coating A and the coating B is nanocellulose produced by a physical or chemical method. The length of the nano-cellulose is 100-500 nm, and the diameter is 10-30 nm. Nanocellulose is used to adjust the pore size of the foamed coating. The nano-cellulose is used for filling small pores, and the air resistance of the material is changed by changing the addition amount.
In order to obtain the coating of the foaming coating, the invention also provides a preparation method of the foaming coating, which is characterized in that the preparation method of the coating A comprises the following steps: firstly, 3/4 of the total weight of the required water is uniformly mixed with a dispersing agent, a micron-sized electret is added, then the rest water is added, and the micron-sized electret suspension is uniformly dispersed to obtain a micron-sized electret suspension, wherein the concentration of the dispersing agent is 10-30%, and the solid content is 10-30%; adding an adhesive, a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, nano-cellulose and an antibacterial agent according to the proportion; thus, dope A was obtained.
The preparation method of the coating B comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 3/4 of the total amount of the required water and the required dispersant, adding the nano electret, then adding the residual water to uniformly disperse the dispersion liquid to obtain a nano electret suspension, wherein the concentration of the dispersant is 10-20%, and the solid content is 10-20%; adding an adhesive, a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, a foaming agent, nano-cellulose and an antibacterial agent according to the proportion; thus, dope B was obtained.
Preferably, the dispersion method of the micro-scale electret and the nano-scale electret in the water solution is ultrasonic dispersion, and the ultrasonic time is 20-40 min, preferably 25-35 min.
The invention also provides a using method of the foaming coating, which is characterized in that the coating A is coated on the surface of a substrate, a first coating is obtained by heating and drying, the heating temperature is 100-120 ℃, the time is 5-10 min, and the coating weight is 5-10 g/m2(ii) a Coating the coating B on the surface of the first coating, heating and drying to obtain a second coating, wherein the temperature is 80-125 ℃, the time is 5-12 min, and the coating weight is 5-12 g/m2。
Preferably, the substrate is a porous substrate material. Further preferably, the porous base material includes paper, nonwoven fabric, porous membrane; the non-woven fabric comprises spunlace non-woven fabric, heat seal non-woven fabric, pulp air-laid non-woven fabric and wet non-woven fabric. The paper is porous filter paper prepared by using plant fibers as raw materials, and comprises commercially available mask paper or tea bag paper which uses the plant fibers as raw materials.
Preferably, the coating mode comprises one of bar coating, roll coating and blade coating.
Preferably, the drying temperature of the first coating is 108-112 ℃; the drying time is 5.5-6.5 min; the coating weight is 7.5-8.5 g/m2(ii) a The drying temperature of the second coating is 118-122 ℃; the drying time is 9.5-10.5 min; the coating weight is 9.5-10.5 g/m2。
The invention also provides a high-efficiency filter material containing the foaming coating, which is characterized in that the filter material consists of the foaming coating and a porous substrate material, and a first coating formed by the coating A and a second coating formed by the coating B are sequentially coated on the surface of the porous substrate material; the coating weight of the first coating and the second coating is 5-10 g/m2And 5 to 12g/m2。
According to the invention, the pores are adjusted by the nanocellulose and the foaming agent together, the foaming agent can enlarge the pores of the coating, the filtering efficiency is reduced, and the air resistance is reduced; and the air resistance and the filtration efficiency can be further adjusted by adjusting the addition of the nano-cellulose, so that the filtration efficiency is improved. Therefore, the filter material has lower breathing resistance on the premise of higher electret back charge and filter efficiency.
The invention discloses a method for filling large pores of a base material by coating two layers of coatings on porous materials such as paper, wherein the first layer of micron-sized coating is used for filling large pores of the base material and keeping small pores, and the first layer of micron-sized coating is similar to a road-building stone-filling structure; the second layer of nano-scale coating is a foaming coating and is used for plugging smaller pores, and the addition amounts of the foaming agent and the nano-cellulose are used for adjusting the pore structure of the coating, so that the filtering efficiency and the air resistance are further adjusted.
In order to obtain the filter material, the present invention also provides a method for producing a filter material, characterized in that the coating material A, B is applied to the surface of the porous base material in sequence according to the method for using the foamed coating material.
Specifically, the specific preparation method of the filter material comprises the following steps:
(1) the preparation method of the coating A comprises the following steps: firstly, 3/4 of the total weight of the required water is uniformly mixed with a dispersing agent, a micron-sized electret is added, then the rest water is added, the micron-sized electret suspension is uniformly dispersed to obtain a micron-sized electret suspension, and an adhesive, a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, nano-cellulose and an antibacterial agent are added according to the proportion to obtain a coating A;
(2) the first coating preparation method comprises the following steps: coating the prepared coating A on the surface of a porous substrate material, heating and drying the coating at 100-120 ℃ for 5-10 min, wherein the coating weight is 5-10 g/m2；
(3) The preparation method of the coating B comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 3/4 of the total amount of the required water with a dispersing agent, adding a nano electret, then adding the residual water to uniformly disperse the dispersion liquid to obtain a nano electret suspension, and adding an adhesive, a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, a foaming agent, nano cellulose and an antibacterial agent according to the proportion to obtain a coating B;
(4) the preparation method of the second coating comprises the following steps: coating the coating B on the surface of the first coating, heating and drying to obtain a second coating, wherein the temperature is 80-125 ℃, the time is 5-12 min, and the coating weight is 5-12 g/m2。
Based on the application of the high-efficiency filter material in filtration and dust removal.
The high-efficiency filter material is applied to masks and filter devices.
A mask is characterized in that the high-efficiency filter material is used as a raw material or a filter material.
A filter device is characterized in that the high-efficiency filter material is used as a filter part.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the invention utilizes the porous base material as the base material, and solves the key problems of air resistance and filtration efficiency by coating the coating capable of electret and the foaming coating and regulating and controlling the three-dimensional space structure of the coating. The foaming coating and the micron-sized coating are used in a composite mode, dust particles which are much smaller than pores of the foaming coating can be retained, and the dust holding capacity can be improved.
The high-efficiency filter material developed by the invention has high filtering performance (the testing medium is NaCl aerosol with the counting median diameter of 0.075 mu m, and the filtering efficiency can reach 87.5 percent under the testing condition that the testing gas flow is 32L/min), and has low breathing resistance (as low as 111 Pa).
The porous substrate material of the invention uses non-woven fabrics as the substrate material, which greatly reduces the usage amount of melt-blown fabrics. The plant fiber paper is used as a base material, so that the degradation is facilitated, and the secondary pollution is avoided; the mask can avoid secondary pollution caused by medical waste generated by using a large amount of disposable masks, establishes the concepts of green production and environmental protection and carbon reduction, and promotes the sustainable development of the mask industry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of the first and second coatings of example 1, (a) a primary coating; (b) and (5) secondary coating.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the coating of example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. The materials referred to in the following examples are commercially available. All substrates in the examples are nonwoven fabrics.
The performance test method comprises the following steps: the prepared sample is subjected to adsorption efficiency and air resistance tests, and the filtration efficiency and the air flow resistance of the sample to particulate matters are tested by referring to the method in GB19083-2003 medical protective mask technical requirement. The testing device adopts an American TSI3160 classification efficiency testing platform, the testing medium is NaCl aerosol with the counting median diameter of 0.075 mu m, and the testing gas flow is 32L/min.
The charge amount was measured by an electric charge meter Elektrofeldmeter, EFM 022.
Nanocellulose includes NFC (nanocellulose) prepared by a chemical mechanical method and NCC (nanocrystalline cellulose) prepared by an acid hydrolysis method, both provided by jeanshan's holy spring.
Example 1
The preparation method of the high-efficiency filter material comprises the following steps:
(1) the preparation method of the coating A comprises the following steps: firstly, 3/4 of the total weight of the required water and a dispersant sodium hexametaphosphate are mixed uniformly, micron-sized electrets (tourmaline powder, silicon nitride, electrode powder and carnauba wax in a mass ratio of 12:8:1:4) are added while stirring, then the rest water is added, stirring is continued, ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 30min, and the micron-sized electrets are uniformly dispersed to obtain a micron-sized electret suspension liquid, wherein the solid content of the micron-sized electret suspension liquid is 20%, and the mass fraction of the sodium hexametaphosphate is 10%.
Taking 100 parts by weight of micron electret suspension, adding 3 parts of PVA, and while stirring, slowly adding 1 part of glycerol, 1 part of sodium hexametaphosphate, 2 parts of NFC (nano cellulose) and 1 part of chitosan in sequence, wherein each component is added and stirred until the components are uniformly mixed; obtaining a coating A; the average grain diameter of the tourmaline powder and the silicon nitride is 80 μm; the average particle size of the electrode powder and carnauba wax was 30 μm.
(2) The first coating preparation method comprises the following steps: coating the prepared coating A on the surface of the mask paper by using a coating machine rod, heating and drying the coating at 100 ℃ for 5min, wherein the coating weight is 5g/m2；
(3) The preparation method of the coating B comprises the following steps: 3/4 parts of the total amount of the required water and sodium hexametaphosphate as a dispersing agent are mixed uniformly, a nano electret (polytetrafluoroethylene, polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate in a mass ratio of 5:5:2) is added, then the rest water is added, stirring is continued, ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 30min, and the dispersion liquid is dispersed uniformly, so that nano electret suspension is obtained. The solid content of the nano electret suspension is 20%, the mass fraction of sodium hexametaphosphate is 10%, and the average particle size of the nano electret is 90 nm.
According to the weight ratio, 100 parts of nano electret suspension is taken, 5 parts of PVA is added according to the proportion, 1 part of glycerol, 1 part of sodium hexametaphosphate, 2 parts of a commercially available foaming agent, 2 parts of NFC and 1 part of chitosan with required amount are sequentially and slowly added while stirring, and each added component needs to be stirred until being uniformly mixed; obtaining a coating B;
(4) the preparation method of the second coating comprises the following steps: coating the coating B on the surface of the first coating by a coating machine, heating and drying to obtain a second coating, wherein the temperature is 80 ℃, the time is 5min, and the coating weight is 5g/m2。
The obtained sample was found to have a filtration efficiency of 85.2%, an air resistance of 123Pa and an electret charge amount of 1632V.
As can be seen from figures 1 and 2, the surface of the once-coated paper sheet only has micron-sized coating, and still has more pores. After the second coating, the nano-scale coating is filled to reduce the pores on the surface of the paper sheet.
Example 2
The preparation method of the high-efficiency filter material comprises the following steps:
(1) the preparation method of the coating A comprises the following steps: firstly, 3/4 of the total weight of the required water and a dispersant sodium hexametaphosphate are uniformly mixed, micron-sized electrets (tourmaline powder, silicon nitride, electrode powder and carnauba wax in a mass ratio of 12:8:1:4) are added while stirring, then the rest water is added, stirring is continued, ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 30min, and the micron-sized electret suspension is uniformly dispersed to obtain the micron-sized electret suspension. The solid content of the micron electret suspension is 15%, and the mass fraction of sodium hexametaphosphate in the liquid phase is 20%.
Taking 100 parts of micron electret suspension according to the weight ratio, adding 5 parts of PVA, and slowly adding 1 part of glycerol, 1 part of sodium hexametaphosphate, 3 parts of NFC and 1 part of chitosan in sequence while stirring, wherein each component is added and stirred until the components are uniformly mixed to obtain a coating A;
the average grain diameter of the tourmaline powder and the silicon nitride is 80 μm; the average particle size of the electrode powder and carnauba wax was 30 μm.
(2) The first coating preparation method comprises the following steps: coating the obtained grade coating A material on the surface of non-woven fabric with a coating machine, heating and drying the coating at 110 deg.C for 6min, wherein the coating weight is 8g/m2。
(3) The preparation method of the coating B comprises the following steps: 3/4 parts of the total amount of the required water and sodium hexametaphosphate as a dispersing agent are uniformly mixed, a nano electret (polytetrafluoroethylene, polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate in a mass ratio of 5:5:2) is added, then the rest water is added, stirring is continued, and ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 30min to uniformly disperse the dispersion liquid, so as to obtain the nano electret suspension. The solid content of the nano electret suspension is 15%, the mass fraction of sodium hexametaphosphate in the liquid phase is 15%, and the average particle size is 90 nm.
According to the weight ratio, 100 parts of nano electret suspension is taken, 8 parts of PVA are added according to the proportion, 1 part of glycerol, 1 part of sodium hexametaphosphate, 3 parts of a commercially available foaming agent, 3 parts of NFC and 1 part of chitosan which are required by the weight are sequentially and slowly added while stirring, and each component is added and stirred until the components are uniformly mixed; thus, dope B was obtained.
(4) The preparation method of the second coating comprises the following steps: coating the coating B on the surface of the first coating by a coating machine, heating and drying to obtain a second coating, wherein the temperature is 120 ℃, the time is 10min, and the coating weight is 10g/m2。
The experimental sample measured a filtration efficiency of 87.5%, an air resistance of 111Pa, and a charge amount after electret of 1577V.
Example 3
The preparation method of the high-efficiency filter material comprises the following steps:
(1) the preparation method of the coating A comprises the following steps: firstly, 3/4 of the total weight of the required water and a dispersant sodium hexametaphosphate are mixed uniformly, micron-sized electrets (tourmaline powder, silicon nitride, electrode powder and carnauba wax in a mass ratio of 12:8:1:4) are added while stirring, then the rest water is added, stirring is continued, ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 30min, and micron-sized electret suspension is obtained after uniform dispersion. The solid content of the micron electret agent body suspension is 20 percent, and the mass fraction of the sodium hexametaphosphate in the liquid phase is 30 percent;
taking 100 parts of micron electret suspension according to the weight ratio, adding 8 parts of adhesive PVA, and slowly adding 1 part of glycerol, 1 part of sodium hexametaphosphate, 1 part of NFC5 and 1 part of chitosan in required amounts while stirring, wherein each component is added and stirred until the components are uniformly mixed to obtain a coating A;
the average grain diameter of the tourmaline powder and the silicon nitride is 80 μm; the average particle size of the electrode powder and carnauba wax was 30 μm.
(2) The first coating preparation method comprises the following steps: coating the obtained coating A on the surface of non-woven fabric with a coating machine, heating and drying the coating at 110 deg.C for 10min, wherein the coating weight is 10g/m2。
(3) The preparation method of the coating B comprises the following steps: 3/4 parts of the total amount of the required water and sodium hexametaphosphate as a dispersing agent are uniformly mixed, a nano electret (polytetrafluoroethylene, polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate in a mass ratio of 5:5:2) is added, then the rest water is added, stirring is continued, and ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 30min to uniformly disperse the dispersion liquid, so as to obtain the nano electret suspension. The solid content of the nano electret suspension is 20%, the mass fraction of sodium hexametaphosphate in the liquid phase is 20%, and the average particle size is 90 nm.
According to the weight ratio, 100 parts of nano electret suspension is taken, 8 parts of adhesive PVA is added according to the proportion, 1 part of glycerol, 1 part of sodium hexametaphosphate, 3 parts of a commercially available foaming agent, 3 parts of NFC and 1 part of chitosan are slowly added in sequence while stirring, and each component is added and stirred until the components are uniformly mixed, so that a coating B is obtained;
(4) the preparation method of the second coating comprises the following steps: coating the coating B on the surface of the first coating by a coating machine, heating and drying to obtain a second coating, wherein the temperature is 125 ℃, the time is 12min, and the coating weight is 12g/m2。
The obtained sample was found to have a filtration efficiency of 86.4%, an air resistance of 118Pa and an electret charge amount of 1605V.
Example 4
Compared with example 2, the micron-sized electret is only one of tourmaline powder, and other conditions are the same as example 2. The filtration efficiency of the obtained filter material was 85%, the air resistance was 126Pa, and the amount of charge after electret was 1503V.
Example 5
The other conditions are the same as example 2, except that the micro-electret is only tourmaline powder, and the nano-electret is only polytetrafluoroethylene. The filtration efficiency of the obtained filter material was 84%, the air resistance was 117Pa, and the amount of charge after electret was 1537V.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the embodiment 2, the difference is that the micron-sized coating is not used, the second foaming coating is directly coated on the surface of the non-woven fabric, and the other conditions are the same as the embodiment 2. The filtration efficiency of the obtained filter material was 98%, the air resistance was 563Pa, and the amount of charge after electret was 1035V. The foaming coating is directly coated on the surface of the non-woven fabric, so that the nanometer electret agent blocks the pores of the non-woven fabric, the air resistance is increased, and the electric charge quantity after electret is reduced to a certain degree by the single nanometer electret coating.
Comparative example 2
The difference compared to example 2 is that the second coating was not provided with a blowing agent, and the other conditions were the same as in example 2. The filtration efficiency of the obtained filter material is 99%, the air resistance is 631Pa, and the charge amount after electret is 1568V. The second coating layer is not added with the foaming agent, so that air channels are not formed in the coating layer, and the nano paint blocks the pores of the first coating layer and the non-woven fabric, thereby increasing the breathing resistance.
Comparative example 3
Compared with embodiment 2, the difference is that the first and second coatings are not added with NFC. The other conditions were the same as in example 2. The filtration efficiency of the obtained filter material was 75%, the air resistance was 78Pa, and the amount of charge after electret was 1503V. Since the pores are not adjusted using nanocellulose, the filtration efficiency is reduced.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (23)

1.一种发泡涂层涂料，其特征在于，包括涂料A和涂料B，涂料A和涂料B按顺序先后涂布在多孔基底材料上；1. a foam coating coating, is characterized in that, comprises coating A and coating B, and coating A and coating B are coated on the porous base material successively in order; 所述涂料A包括微米驻极体悬浮液100份、胶黏剂3～10份；润湿剂1～5份；分散剂1～5份；纳米纤维素1～5份；抗菌剂1～5份；所述涂料B包括纳米驻极体悬浮液100份、胶黏剂1～10份；润湿剂1～5份；分散剂1～5份；发泡剂1～5份；纳米纤维素1～5份；抗菌剂1～5份。The coating A includes 100 parts of micro-electret suspension, 3-10 parts of adhesive; 1-5 parts of wetting agent; 1-5 parts of dispersant; 1-5 parts of nanocellulose; 1-5 parts of antibacterial agent The coating B includes 100 parts of nano-electret suspension, 1-10 parts of adhesive; 1-5 parts of wetting agent; 1-5 parts of dispersant; 1-5 parts of foaming agent; nanocellulose 1 to 5 copies; 1 to 5 copies of antibacterial agents. 2.根据权利要求1所述的涂料，其特征在于，涂料A中包括微米驻极体悬浮液100份、3～8份胶黏剂、1份润湿剂、1份分散剂、2～5份纳米纤维素、1份抗菌剂；涂料B中包括5～8份胶黏剂、1份润湿剂、1份分散剂、2～3份发泡剂、2～3份纳米纤维素、1份抗菌剂。2. The coating according to claim 1, wherein the coating A comprises 100 parts of micro-electret suspension, 3 to 8 parts of adhesive, 1 part of wetting agent, 1 part of dispersant, 2 to 5 parts of Parts of nanocellulose, 1 part of antibacterial agent; paint B includes 5 to 8 parts of adhesive, 1 part of wetting agent, 1 part of dispersant, 2 to 3 parts of foaming agent, 2 to 3 parts of nanocellulose, 1 part of parts of antibacterial agent. 3.根据权利要求1或2所述的涂料，其特征在于，所述微米驻极体悬浮液中固含量为10～30％，其中固相为微米级驻极体，液相为浓度为10～30％的分散剂水溶液。固含量进一步优选为19-21％。3. The coating according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the solid content in the micro-electret suspension is 10-30%, wherein the solid phase is a micro-electret, and the liquid phase is a concentration of 10% ~30% dispersant in water. The solids content is further preferably 19-21%. 4.根据权利要求3所述的涂料，其特征在于，所述微米级驻极体包括电气石粉、氮化硅、电极粉、巴西棕榈蜡中的一种或几种。所述微米级驻极体的平均粒径为30～80μm。进一步优选的，所述电气石粉、氮化硅为50～80μm，所述电极粉、巴西棕榈蜡的平均粒径为30～50μm。4 . The coating according to claim 3 , wherein the micron-scale electret comprises one or more of tourmaline powder, silicon nitride, electrode powder, and carnauba wax. 5 . The average particle size of the micron-scale electret is 30-80 μm. Further preferably, the tourmaline powder and silicon nitride are 50-80 μm, and the electrode powder and carnauba wax have an average particle size of 30-50 μm. 5.根据权利要求3所述的涂料，其特征在于，所述微米级驻极体由质量比为11～13：7～9：0.8～1.2：3.5～4.5的电气石粉、氮化硅、电极粉、巴西棕榈蜡组成。5 . The coating according to claim 3 , wherein the micron-scale electret is composed of tourmaline powder, silicon nitride, electrodes with a mass ratio of 11-13: 7-9: 0.8-1.2: 3.5-4.5. 6 . Powder, Carnauba Wax. 6.根据权利要求1或2所述的涂料，其特征在于，涂料B中纳米驻极体悬浮液的固含量为10～20％，其中固相为纳米级驻极体，液相为质量分数为10～20％的分散剂水溶液。进一步优选的，固含量为20％。进一步优选的，所述纳米级驻极体为有机驻极体材料的一种或几种。6. The coating according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the solid content of the nano-electret suspension in the coating B is 10-20%, wherein the solid phase is nano-electret, and the liquid phase is mass fraction It is a 10-20% dispersant aqueous solution. More preferably, the solid content is 20%. Further preferably, the nano-scale electret is one or more of organic electret materials. 7.根据权利要求6所述的涂料，其特征在于，所述纳米级驻极体包括质量比为4.8～5.2:4.8～5.2:1.8～2.2的聚四氟乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。所述纳米级驻极体的平均粒径为50～90nm。7 . The coating according to claim 6 , wherein the nano-electret comprises polytetrafluoroethylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate with a mass ratio of 4.8-5.2:4.8-5.2:1.8-2.2. 8 . Methyl acrylate. The average particle size of the nano-scale electret is 50-90 nm. 8.根据权利要求1或2所述的涂料，其特征在于，所述胶黏剂为聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素和淀粉中的一种。8. The coating according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sizing agent is one of polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose and starch. 9.根据权利要求1或2所述的涂料，其特征在于，所述润湿剂为甘油，分散剂为六偏磷酸钠，抗菌剂为壳聚糖。9. The coating according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wetting agent is glycerol, the dispersing agent is sodium hexametaphosphate, and the antibacterial agent is chitosan. 10.根据权利要求1或2所述的涂料，其特征在于，所述涂料A和涂料B中的纳米纤维素为物理或者化学方法生产的纳米纤维素；纳米纤维素的长度为100～500nm、直径为10～30nm。10. The coating according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the nanocellulose in the coating A and the coating B is a nanocellulose produced by physical or chemical methods; the length of the nanocellulose is 100-500nm, The diameter is 10 to 30 nm. 11.如权利要求1～10任一项所述涂料的制备方法，其特征在于，11. The preparation method of the coating according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, 涂料A的制备方法为：先将所需水总重量的3/4与分散剂混合均匀，加入微米级驻极体，然后加入剩余水，分散均匀得到微米驻极体悬浮液，分散剂浓度为10～30％，固含量为10～30％；然后根据所述配比加入胶黏剂、润湿剂、分散剂、纳米纤维素、抗菌剂；得到涂料A；The preparation method of coating A is as follows: firstly, 3/4 of the total weight of the required water is mixed with a dispersant, adding a micron-level electret, then adding the remaining water, and dispersing evenly to obtain a micron electret suspension. The concentration of the dispersant is: 10 to 30%, and the solid content is 10 to 30%; then add adhesive, wetting agent, dispersant, nanocellulose, and antibacterial agent according to the stated ratio; to obtain coating A; 涂料B的制备方法为：将所需水总量份的3/4与所需分散剂混合均匀，加入纳米级驻极体，然后加入剩余水，使分散液分散均匀，得到纳米驻极体悬浮液，分散剂浓度为10～20％，固含量为10～20％；然后根据所述配比加入胶黏剂、润湿剂、分散剂、发泡剂、纳米纤维素、抗菌剂；得到涂料B。The preparation method of coating B is as follows: mix 3/4 of the total amount of water required with the required dispersant, add nano-electret, and then add the remaining water to disperse the dispersion evenly to obtain a suspension of nano-electret liquid, the concentration of dispersant is 10-20%, and the solid content is 10-20%; then add adhesive, wetting agent, dispersing agent, foaming agent, nanocellulose, antibacterial agent according to the described ratio; obtain coating B. 12.根据权利要求11所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述微米级驻极体和纳米级驻极体在水溶液中的分散方法为超声分散，超声时间为20～40min，优选为25～35min。12 . The preparation method according to claim 11 , wherein the method for dispersing the micro-scale electret and nano-scale electret in the aqueous solution is ultrasonic dispersion, and the ultrasonic time is 20-40 min, preferably 25-40 min. 13 . 35min. 13.如权利要求1～10任一项所述涂料的使用方法，其特征在于，先将涂料A涂布于基底表面，加热干燥得到第一涂层，加热温度为100～120℃，时间为5～10min，涂布量为5～10g/m2；再将涂料B涂布于第一涂层表面，加热干燥得到第二涂层，温度为80～125℃，时间为5～12min，涂布量为5～12g/m2。13. The use method of the coating according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the coating A is first coated on the surface of the substrate, heated and dried to obtain the first coating, and the heating temperature is 100 to 120 ° C, and the time is 5～10min, the coating amount is 5～10g/m 2 ; then coat the coating B on the surface of the first coating layer, heat and dry to obtain the second coating layer, the temperature is 80～125 ℃, the time is 5～12min, and the coating is applied. The amount of cloth is 5 to 12 g/m 2 . 14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基底为多孔基底材料。进一步优选的，所述多孔基底材料包括无纺布、纸、多孔膜；所述无纺布包括水刺无纺布，热合无纺布，浆粕气流成网无纺布，湿法无纺布；所述纸包括以植物纤维为原料的市售口罩纸或茶叶袋纸。14. The method of claim 13, wherein the substrate is a porous substrate material. Further preferably, the porous base material includes non-woven fabrics, paper, and porous films; the non-woven fabrics include spunlace non-woven fabrics, heat-sealed non-woven fabrics, pulp air-laid non-woven fabrics, and wet-laid non-woven fabrics ; Described paper includes commercially available mask paper or tea bag paper with plant fiber as raw material. 15.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述涂布方式包括棒涂、辊涂、刮涂中的一种。15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the coating method comprises one of bar coating, roller coating, and blade coating. 16.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，第一涂层的干燥温度为108～112℃；干燥时间为5.5～6.5min；所述的涂布量为7.5～8.5g/m2；16 . The method according to claim 13 , wherein the drying temperature of the first coating is 108-112° C.; the drying time is 5.5-6.5 min; and the coating amount is 7.5-8.5 g/m 2 . ; 优选的，第二涂层的干燥温度为118～122℃；所述的干燥时间为9.5～10.5min；所述的涂布量为9.5～10.5g/m2。Preferably, the drying temperature of the second coating is 118-122° C.; the drying time is 9.5-10.5 min; and the coating weight is 9.5-10.5 g/m 2 . 17.一种含有发泡涂层的高效过滤材料，其特征在于，所述过滤材料由发泡涂层和多孔基底材料组成，在多孔基底材料表面依次涂布有涂料A构成的第一涂层和涂料B构成的第二涂层；第一涂层和第二涂层的涂布量分别为5～10g/m2和5～12g/m2。17. a kind of high-efficiency filter material containing foam coating, is characterized in that, described filter material is made up of foam coating and porous base material, and is coated with the first coating that coating A constitutes successively on porous base material surface The second coating layer composed of paint B; the coating weights of the first coating layer and the second coating layer are 5-10 g/m 2 and 5-12 g/m 2 , respectively. 18.如权利要求17所述过滤材料的制备方法，其特征在于，按照权利要求13～16任一项所述发泡涂料的使用方法，将涂料A、B依次涂布于多孔基底材料表面。18. The preparation method of the filter material according to claim 17, characterized in that, according to the use method of the foamed coating according to any one of claims 13 to 16, the coatings A and B are sequentially coated on the surface of the porous base material. 19.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述过滤材料的具体制备方法，包括以下步骤：19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the specific preparation method of the filter material comprises the following steps: (1)涂料A的制备方法为：先将所需水总重量的3/4与分散剂混合均匀，加入微米级驻极体，然后加入剩余水，分散均匀得到微米驻极体悬浮液；然后根据所述配比加入胶黏剂、润湿剂、分散剂、纳米纤维素、抗菌剂，得到涂料A；(1) The preparation method of coating A is: firstly mix 3/4 of the total weight of the required water with a dispersant, add a micron-level electret, then add the remaining water, and disperse uniformly to obtain a micron electret suspension; then Add sizing agent, wetting agent, dispersing agent, nanocellulose and antibacterial agent according to the described proportion to obtain coating A; (2)第一涂层制备方法：将制得的涂料A涂布于多孔基底材料的表面，加热干燥涂层，温度100～120℃，时间5～10min，涂布量为5～10g/m2；(2) Preparation method of the first coating: coating the prepared coating A on the surface of the porous base material, heating and drying the coating, the temperature is 100-120° C., the time is 5-10 min, and the coating weight is 5-10 g/m 2 ; (3)涂料B的制备方法为：将所需水总量份的3/4与分散剂混合均匀，加入纳米级驻极体，然后加入剩余水，使分散液分散均匀，得到纳米驻极体悬浮液；然后根据所述配比加入胶黏剂、润湿剂、分散剂、发泡剂、纳米纤维素、抗菌剂，得到涂料B；(3) The preparation method of coating B is: mixing 3/4 of the total amount of water required with a dispersant, adding a nano-electret, and then adding the remaining water to disperse the dispersion evenly to obtain a nano-electret Suspension; then add sizing agent, wetting agent, dispersing agent, foaming agent, nanocellulose, antibacterial agent according to described proportioning, obtain coating B; (4)第二涂层的制备方法：将涂料B涂布于第一涂层表面，加热干燥得到第二涂层，温度为80～125℃，时间为5～12min，涂布量为5～12g/m2。(4) The preparation method of the second coating: coating the coating B on the surface of the first coating, heating and drying to obtain the second coating, the temperature is 80～125 ℃, the time is 5～12min, the coating amount is 5～ 12g/m 2 . 20.如权利要求19所述高效过滤材料在过滤、除尘中的用途。20. The use of the high-efficiency filter material according to claim 19 in filtration and dust removal. 21.如权利要求19所述高效过滤材料在口罩、过滤装置中的应用。21. The application of the high-efficiency filter material as claimed in claim 19 in a mask, a filter device. 22.一种口罩，其特征在于，使用权利要求19所述高效过滤材料为原料或者过滤材料。22. A mask, characterized in that, using the high-efficiency filter material of claim 19 as a raw material or a filter material. 23.一种过滤装置，其特征在于，使用权利要求19所述高效过滤材料为过滤部分。23. A filter device, characterized in that, the high-efficiency filter material according to claim 19 is used as a filter part.
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