CN112325735B - A measuring device and method for visualizing three-dimensional spatial distribution of soil blocks in seedbed - Google Patents
A measuring device and method for visualizing three-dimensional spatial distribution of soil blocks in seedbed Download PDFInfo
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- CN112325735B CN112325735B CN202011221752.2A CN202011221752A CN112325735B CN 112325735 B CN112325735 B CN 112325735B CN 202011221752 A CN202011221752 A CN 202011221752A CN 112325735 B CN112325735 B CN 112325735B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002688 soil aggregate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/004—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring coordinates of points
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring depth
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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Abstract
一种苗床土块三维空间分布可视化的测量装置和方法属农业机械技术领域，本发明的取样器为正方体框架结构，其底板的下表面与测量器的三角架上表面贴合，三角架的二插板分别与底板的二孔连接，测量器中扇形角度尺固接于支架的圆柱杆近上端，距离尺组件的距离量尺、圆环和角度指针自前至后顺序固接，深度量尺下端固接圆锥定位针，圆环与圆柱杆近上端、扇形角度尺下面活动连接，深度量尺经连接件能与距离量尺形成上下前后的相对移动；本发明的装置结构简单、操作方便，可用于测量苗床土块，又可用于测量其他物品在三维空间的坐标位置，具有通用性，还能实现苗床土块在三维空间的可视化表征，以更直观的方式用于比较不同处理条件下苗床土块的分布情况。
A measuring device and method for visualizing the three-dimensional spatial distribution of soil blocks in a seedbed belong to the technical field of agricultural machinery. The plug plates are respectively connected with the two holes of the bottom plate, the fan-shaped angle ruler in the measuring instrument is fixed to the upper end of the cylindrical rod of the bracket, the distance ruler, the ring and the angle pointer of the distance ruler assembly are fixed in sequence from front to back, and the lower end of the depth ruler is fixed. The conical positioning needle is fixedly connected, the ring is movably connected with the proximal upper end of the cylindrical rod and the lower part of the fan-shaped angle ruler, and the depth gauge and the distance gauge can move up and down relative to the distance gauge through the connecting piece; the device of the invention is simple in structure, convenient in operation, and can be used It can be used to measure the seedbed soil block, and can also be used to measure the coordinate position of other items in the three-dimensional space. It is versatile, and can also realize the visual representation of the seedbed soil block in the three-dimensional space, which can be used to compare the seedbed soil under different treatment conditions in a more intuitive way. distribution of blocks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring three-dimensional spatial distribution visualization of seedbed soil blocks.
Background
The existing research shows that the state of plough layer soil is not only related to the sowing quality, but also the distribution of soil aggregates directly influences the germination of seeds and the yield of crops, and the smaller the soil aggregates, the better the emergence, growth and yield of crops. The evaluation of the distribution information of the seedbed soil blocks can be used for guiding the research of the seedbed soil block crushing part. At present, quantitative analysis methods are mostly adopted for evaluating the breaking effect of the seedbed soil blocks, and relevant researches about visualization of the distribution of the soil blocks in the seedbed space after operation are rare, so the invention provides the measuring device and the method for visualization of the three-dimensional distribution of the seedbed soil blocks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for measuring three-dimensional space distribution visualization of seedbed soil blocks.
The device for visually measuring the three-dimensional space distribution of the seedbed soil blocks comprises a sampler A and a measurer B, wherein the measurer B comprises a distance ruler component H, a support I, an angle ruler J, a depth ruler component K, a connecting piece L, a screw I7, a screw II 8, a rubber blocking block I9 and a rubber blocking block II 10, the distance ruler component H comprises a distance measuring ruler 16, a ring 17 and an angle pointer 18, the distance measuring ruler 16, the ring 17 and the angle pointer 18 are sequentially arranged and fixedly connected from front to back, the size scale arranged on the left surface of the distance measuring ruler 16 is 0 to (a +20) mm, wherein a is the side length of a square body consisting of a front plate C, a left plate D, a rear plate E, a right plate F and a bottom plate G on the sampler A, the cross section of the distance measuring ruler 16 is in a groove shape, the distance between the left end surface of the distance measuring ruler 16 and the circle center of the ring 17 is L, the width of the distance measuring ruler 16 is B, the distance between the lower surface of the circular ring 17 and the lower surface of the distance measuring scale 16 is b/2; the bracket I consists of an inserting plate I11, an inserting plate II 12, a tripod 13, a cylindrical rod 14 and a positioning ring 15, wherein the positioning ring 15 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the cylindrical rod 14, the lower end of the cylindrical rod 14 is fixedly connected to the rear angle of the tripod 13, the inserting plate I11 is vertically and fixedly connected to the right angle of the tripod 13, and the inserting plate II 12 is vertically and fixedly connected to the left angle of the tripod 13; the angle ruler J is semicircular, angle scales 19 are arranged on the arc surface of the angle ruler J, a hole III 20 is formed in the center of the circle, and the radius of a fan-shaped hole in the angle ruler J is R and is concentric with the hole III 20; the depth gauge component K consists of a depth gauge 21 and a conical positioning needle 22, the depth gauge 21 and the conical positioning needle 22 are vertically arranged and fixedly connected, wherein the length of the conical positioning needle is h, the size scale arranged on the right side of the depth gauge 21 is 0 to (a +20) mm, and the cross section of the depth gauge 21 is in a groove shape; the connecting piece L consists of a rectangular plate I23, a pin shaft 25 and a rectangular plate II 26, and the left part of the rectangular plate I23 is fixedly connected with the upper part of the rectangular plate II 26 in a right angle mode through the pin shaft 25; the right part of the rectangular plate I23 is provided with a threaded hole I24 along the central line, and the lower part of the rectangular plate II 26 is provided with a threaded hole II 27 along the central line.
The ring 17 of the distance ruler component H is movably connected with the upper part of the cylindrical rod 14 of the support I, the lower surface of the ring 17 is tightly attached to the upper surface of the positioning ring 15, the angle ruler J is fixedly connected with the upper part of the cylindrical rod 14 of the support I through the hole III 20, and the distance between the lower surface of the angle ruler J and the upper surface of the positioning ring 15 meets the requirement that the ring 17 of the distance ruler component H can freely rotate around the cylindrical rod 14.
The rectangular plate I23 of connecting piece L and the recess sliding connection of distance measuring tape 16 in the distance measuring tape subassembly H, II 10 rigid couplings of rubber sprue are in the recess right-hand member of distance measuring tape 16.
The recess sliding connection of degree of depth measuring tape 21 in rectangular plate II 26 and the degree of depth chi subassembly K of connecting piece L, rubber sprue I9 rigid coupling in the recess upper end of degree of depth chi subassembly K.
The screw I7 is in threaded connection with a threaded hole II 27 of a rectangular plate II 26 in the connecting piece L, and the screw I7 is adjusted to generate friction force with the groove surface of the depth measuring scale 21 so as to realize the positioning of the connecting piece L in the depth measuring scale 21.
The screw II 8 is in threaded connection with a threaded hole I24 of a rectangular plate I23 in the connecting piece L, and the screw II 8 is adjusted to generate friction force with the surface of the groove of the distance measuring scale 16 so as to realize the positioning of the connecting piece L in the distance measuring scale 16.
Bottom plate G's in sampler A lower surface and caliber B in 13 upper surface laminating of tripod of support I, jack panel I11 and sampler A in the caliber B on the support I's is connected with hole I3 of bottom plate G, caliber B in support I's jack panel II 12 is connected with sampler A in the hole II 5 of bottom plate G, and jack panel I11 and jack panel II 12 are unanimous with hole I3 and hole II 5 shape to supplementary sampler A and caliber B's location in the assembling process.
The near upper end of a cylindrical rod 14 of a support I in a measurer B is clamped in a U-shaped notch 1 of a rear plate E in a sampler A, the distance between the central line of the cylindrical rod 14 and the inner side of the rear plate E is l, and the distance is equal to the distance from the left end face of a measuring scale 16 to the circle center of a ring 17, so that the reading of a distance scale assembly H can be started from 0, the distance from the lower end face of an angle pointer 18 in the distance scale assembly H to the upper end face of the rear plate E is H, and the distance from the lower end face of the angle pointer 18 in the distance scale assembly H to the circle center of the ring 17 is H, and the length of a conical positioning needle is equal to the length of the conical positioning needle, so that the reading of a depth scale assembly K can be started from 0, the distance from the outer edge of the tip of the angle pointer 18 in the distance scale assembly H to the circle center of the ring 17 is R, and the radius of a sector hole in an angle scale J is equal, and the arrangement can be convenient for reading the angle value of the angle pointer 18.
The sampler A consists of a front plate C, a left plate D, a rear plate E, a right plate F and a bottom plate G, wherein the side surfaces of the front plate C, the left plate D, the rear plate E and the right plate F are fixedly connected in an end-to-end mode at 90 degrees to form a cube framework structure, and the side length a of the cube is 300-800 mm; the center of the upper edge of the rear plate E is provided with a U-shaped notch 1; the front end of the bottom plate G is provided with a baffle 4, the front part of the right side of the bottom plate G is provided with a hole I3, the front part of the left side of the bottom plate G is provided with a hole II 5, the upper side of the bottom plate G, which is close to the right side, is provided with a groove I2, and the upper side of the bottom plate G, which is close to the left side, is provided with a groove II; the lower end of the left plate D is connected with a groove II 6 of the bottom plate G in a sliding manner; the lower end of the right plate F is in sliding connection with the groove I2 of the bottom plate G.
The invention discloses a method for visually measuring three-dimensional space distribution of seedbed soil blocks, which comprises the following steps:
3.1 sample collection: inserting a cube framework structure formed by fixedly connecting a front plate C, a left plate D, a rear plate E and a right plate F in a sampler A into a seedbed from top to bottom, wherein the specified depth of the specified position of the cube framework structure is equal to the side length a of the cube, and horizontally inserting a groove II 6 and a groove I2 on a bottom plate G along the lower ends of the left plate D and the right plate F from front to back;
3.2 establishing a three-dimensional coordinate system: the measuring device for the three-dimensional space distribution visualization of the seedbed soil blocks takes the circle center of the upper surface of a positioning ring 15 of a support I in a measurer B as a coordinate origin O, takes the central axis of a cylindrical rod 14 of the support I in the measurer B from bottom to top as the positive direction of a Y axis, takes the point O as the origin from back to front as the positive direction of an X axis, and from left to right as the positive direction of a Z axis;
3.3 on the basis of steps 3.1 and 3.2, for any piece of soil P in the coordinate systemiThe tip of the conical positioning needle 22 on the depth gauge component K is vertically inserted into the soil block P to be measured by rotating the distance gauge component H around the ring 17, moving the rectangular plate I23 on the connecting piece L along the length direction of the distance gauge component H and moving the rectangular plate II 26 on the connecting piece L along the length direction of the depth gauge component KiAt any point PijSequentially reading the point P through the angle gauge J, the distance gauge 18 of the distance gauge assembly H and the depth gauge 21 of the depth gauge assembly KijIncluded angle alpha between XOZ plane and Z axis negative directionijPoint PijPerpendicular distance r to the YOZ planeijAnd point PijPerpendicular distance y to XOZ planeijThen P isijThe coordinates of the points are expressed as rijsin(αij)，-yij，rijcos(αij)]I and j are positive integers;
3.4 based on steps 3.1 to 3.3, for clods PiSequentially measuring the X-axis reverse farthest point P on the X-axis reverse farthest point Pi1[ri1sin(αi1)，-yi1，ri1cos(αi1)]X-axis forward-most distance point Pi2[ri2sin(αi2)，-yi2，ri2cos(αi2)]Y-axis reverse farthest point Pi3[ri3sin(αi3)，-yi3，ri3cos(αi3)]Y-axis forward-most distance point Pi4[ri4sin(αi4)，-yi4，ri4cos(αi4)]Z-axis reverse farthest point Pi5[ri5sin(αi5)，-yi5，ri5cos(αi5)]Z-axis forward-most distance point Pi6[ri6sin(αi6)，-yi6，ri6cos(αi6)]By interconnecting the points P in a three-dimensional coordinate systemi1And point Pi3Point Pi1And point Pi4Point Pi1And point Pi5Point Pi1And point Pi6Point Pi2And point Pi3Point Pi2And point Pi4Point Pi2And point Pi5Point Pi2And point Pi6Remolded soil block Pi；
3.5 soil blocks P according to Steps 3.1-3.4iAnd in the remolding process, remolding the soil blocks meeting the established requirements in the coordinate system, and representing in a three-dimensional coordinate system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the measuring device for the three-dimensional space distribution visualization of the seedbed soil blocks is simple in structure and operation, can be used for measuring the seedbed soil blocks and coordinate positions of other objects in a three-dimensional space, and has universality.
2. The provided method for visually measuring the three-dimensional space distribution of the seedbed soil blocks can realize the visual representation of the seedbed soil blocks in the three-dimensional space, and is used for comparing the distribution conditions of the seedbed soil blocks under different processing conditions in a more visual mode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a measurement device for visualizing three-dimensional space distribution of seedbed soil blocks;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sampler A;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of measurer B;
fig. 4 is a right side view of measurer B;
fig. 5 is a left side view of measurer B;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a stent I;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a distance ruler assembly H;
FIG. 8 is a front view of the distance ruler assembly H;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the distance ruler assembly H;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a protractor J;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a depth gauge assembly K;
FIG. 12 is a bottom view of depth gauge assembly K;
fig. 13 is a front view of the link L;
fig. 14 is a side view of the link L;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing a local relationship between the sampler A and the measurer B;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a measuring method of a soil block three-dimensional spatial distribution measuring device;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of a method for visualizing the three-dimensional spatial distribution of any clod;
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional spatial distribution visualization method of seedbed soil blocks;
wherein: A. the sampler B, the measurer C, the front plate D, the left plate E, the rear plate F, the right plate G, the bottom plate H, the distance gauge component I, the support J, the angle gauge K, the depth gauge component L, the connecting piece 1, the U-shaped notch 2, the groove I3, the hole I4, the baffle 5, the hole II 6, the groove II 7, the screw I8, the screw II 9, the rubber plug I10, the rubber plug II 11, the plug I12, the plug II 13, the tripod 14, the cylindrical rod 15, the positioning ring 16, the distance gauge 17, the ring 18, the angle pointer 19, the fan-shaped scale 20, the hole III 21, the depth gauge 22, the cone-shaped positioning pin 23, the rectangular plate I24, the threaded hole I25, the pin shaft 26, the rectangular plate II 27 and the threaded hole II.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3 to fig. 15, the measuring device of the invention for visualizing the three-dimensional distribution of seedbed soil blocks comprises a sampler a and a measurer B, wherein the measurer B comprises a distance ruler component H, a support I, an angle ruler J, a depth ruler component K, a connecting piece L, a screw I7, a screw ii 8, a rubber block I9 and a rubber block ii 10, wherein the distance ruler component H comprises a distance measuring ruler 16, a ring 17 and an angle pointer 18, the distance measuring ruler 16, the ring 17 and the angle pointer 18 are sequentially arranged and fixedly connected from front to back, the dimension scale set on the left side of the distance measuring ruler 16 is 0-a +20mm, wherein a is a square body formed by a front plate C, a left plate D, a rear plate E, a right plate F and a bottom plate G on the sampler a, the cross section of the distance measuring ruler 16 is in a groove shape, and the distance between the left end surface of the distance measuring ruler 16 and the center of the ring 17 is L, the width of the distance measuring scale 16 is b, and the distance between the lower surface of the circular ring 17 and the lower surface of the distance measuring scale 16 is b/2; the bracket I consists of an inserting plate I11, an inserting plate II 12, a tripod 13, a cylindrical rod 14 and a positioning ring 15, wherein the positioning ring 15 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the cylindrical rod 14, the lower end of the cylindrical rod 14 is fixedly connected to the rear angle of the tripod 13, the inserting plate I11 is vertically and fixedly connected to the right angle of the tripod 13, and the inserting plate II 12 is vertically and fixedly connected to the left angle of the tripod 13; the angle ruler J is semicircular, angle scales 19 are arranged on the arc surface of the angle ruler J, a hole III 20 is formed in the center of the circle, and the radius of a fan-shaped hole in the angle ruler J is R and is concentric with the hole III 20; the depth gauge component K consists of a depth gauge 21 and a conical positioning needle 22, the depth gauge 21 and the conical positioning needle 22 are vertically arranged and fixedly connected, the length of the conical positioning needle is h, the size scale arranged on the right side of the depth gauge 21 is 0-a +20mm, and the cross section of the depth gauge 21 is in a groove shape; the connecting piece L consists of a rectangular plate I23, a pin shaft 25 and a rectangular plate II 26, and the left part of the rectangular plate I23 is fixedly connected with the upper part of the rectangular plate II 26 in a right angle mode through the pin shaft 25; a threaded hole I24 is formed in the right part of the rectangular plate I23 along the central line, and a threaded hole II 27 is formed in the lower part of the rectangular plate II 26 along the central line; the ring 17 of the distance ruler component H is movably connected with the upper part of the cylindrical rod 14 of the support I, the lower surface of the ring 17 is tightly attached to the upper surface of the positioning ring 15, the angle ruler J is fixedly connected with the upper part of the cylindrical rod 14 of the support I through a hole III 20, and the distance between the lower surface of the angle ruler J and the upper surface of the positioning ring 15 meets the requirement that the ring 17 of the distance ruler component H can freely rotate around the cylindrical rod 14; the rectangular plate I23 of the connecting piece L is connected with the groove of the distance measuring scale 16 in the distance measuring scale component H in a sliding manner, and the rubber block II 10 is fixedly connected to the right end of the groove of the distance measuring scale 16; the rectangular plate II 26 of the connecting piece L is connected with the groove of the depth gauge 21 in the depth gauge component K in a sliding manner, and the rubber block I9 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the groove of the depth gauge component K; the screw I7 is in threaded connection with a threaded hole II 27 of a rectangular plate II 26 in the connecting piece L; the screw II 8 is in threaded connection with a threaded hole I24 of a rectangular plate I23 in the connecting piece L; the lower surface of a bottom plate G in the sampler A is attached to the upper surface of a tripod 13 of a support I in the measurer B, an inserting plate I11 on the support I in the measurer B is connected with a hole I3 of the bottom plate G in the sampler A, an inserting plate II 12 of the support I in the measurer B is connected with a hole II 5 of the bottom plate G in the sampler A, and the inserting plate I11 and the inserting plate II 12 are consistent with the hole I3 and the hole II 5 in shape; the near upper end of a cylindrical rod 14 of a support I in the measurer B is clamped in a U-shaped notch 1 of a rear plate E in the sampler A, the distance between the central line of the cylindrical rod 14 and the inner side of the rear plate E is l, the distance is equal to the distance from the left end face of a measuring scale 16 to the circle center of a ring 17, the distance from the lower end face of an angle pointer 18 in a measuring scale assembly H to the upper end face of the rear plate E is H, the length of the angle pointer is equal to the length of a conical positioning pin, the distance from the outer edge of the tip end of the angle pointer 18 in the measuring scale assembly H to the circle center of the ring 17 is R, and the radius of a fan-shaped hole in an angle scale J is equal to.
As shown in fig. 2, the sampler a is composed of a front plate C, a left plate D, a rear plate E, a right plate F and a bottom plate G, wherein the side surfaces of the front plate C, the left plate D, the rear plate E and the right plate F are all fixedly connected end to end at 90 degrees to form a cube frame structure, and the side length a of the cube is 300-800 mm; the center of the upper edge of the rear plate E is provided with a U-shaped notch 1; the front end of the bottom plate G is provided with a baffle 4, the front part of the right side of the bottom plate G is provided with a hole I3, the front part of the left side of the bottom plate G is provided with a hole II 5, the upper side of the bottom plate G, which is close to the right side, is provided with a groove I2, and the upper side of the bottom plate G, which is close to the left side, is provided with a groove II 6; the lower end of the left plate D is connected with a groove II 6 of the bottom plate G in a sliding manner; the lower end of the right plate F is in sliding connection with the groove I2 of the bottom plate G.
The invention discloses a method for visually measuring three-dimensional space distribution of seedbed soil blocks, which comprises the following steps:
3.1 sample collection: inserting a cube framework structure formed by fixedly connecting a front plate C, a left plate D, a rear plate E and a right plate F in a sampler A into a seedbed from top to bottom, wherein the specified depth of the specified position of the cube framework structure is equal to the side length a of the cube, and horizontally inserting a groove II 6 and a groove I2 on a bottom plate G along the lower ends of the left plate D and the right plate F from front to back;
3.2 establishing a three-dimensional coordinate system: the measuring device for the three-dimensional space distribution visualization of the seedbed soil blocks takes the circle center of the upper surface of a positioning ring 15 of a support I in a measurer B as a coordinate origin O, takes the central axis of a cylindrical rod 14 of the support I in the measurer B from bottom to top as the positive direction of a Y axis, takes the point O as the origin from back to front as the positive direction of an X axis, and from left to right as the positive direction of a Z axis;
3.3 on the basis of steps 3.1 and 3.2, for any piece of soil P in the coordinate systemiThe tip of the conical positioning needle 22 on the depth gauge component K is vertically inserted into the soil block P to be measured by rotating the distance gauge component H around the ring 17, moving the rectangular plate I23 on the connecting piece L along the length direction of the distance gauge component H and moving the rectangular plate II 26 on the connecting piece L along the length direction of the depth gauge component KiAt any point PijSequentially reading the point P through the angle gauge J, the distance gauge 18 of the distance gauge assembly H and the depth gauge 21 of the depth gauge assembly KijIncluded angle alpha between XOZ plane and Z axis negative directionijPoint PijPerpendicular distance r to the YOZ planeijAnd point PijPerpendicular distance y to XOZ planeijThen P isijThe coordinates of the points are expressed as rijsin(αij)，-yij，rijcos(αij)]I and j are positive integers;
3.4 based on steps 3.1 to 3.3, for clods PiSequentially measuring the X-axis reverse farthest point P on the X-axis reverse farthest point Pi1[ri1sin(αi1)，-yi1，ri1cos(αi1)]X-axis forward-most distance point Pi2[ri2sin(αi2)，-yi2，ri2cos(αi2)]Y-axis reverse farthest point Pi3[ri3sin(αi3)，-yi3，ri3cos(αi3)]Y-axis forward-most distance point Pi4[ri4sin(αi4)，-yi4，ri4cos(αi4)]Z-axis reverse farthest point Pi5[ri5sin(αi5)，-yi5，ri5cos(αi5)]Z-axis forward-most distance point Pi6[ri6sin(αi6)，-yi6，ri6cos(αi6)]By interconnecting the points P in a three-dimensional coordinate systemi1And point Pi3Point Pi1And point Pi4Point Pi1And point Pi5Point Pi1And point Pi6Point Pi2And point Pi3Point Pi2And point Pi4Point Pi2And point Pi5Point Pi2And point Pi6Remolded soil block Pi；
3.5 soil blocks P according to Steps 3.1-3.4iAnd in the remolding process, remolding the soil blocks meeting the established requirements in the coordinate system, and representing in a three-dimensional coordinate system.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a visual measuring device of three-dimensional space distribution of seedbed soil piece which characterized in that: the measuring device comprises a sampler (A) and a measurer (B), wherein the measurer (B) comprises a distance scale component (H), a support (I), an angle scale (J), a depth scale component (K), a connecting piece (L), a screw I (7), a screw II (8), a rubber block I (9) and a rubber block II (10), the distance scale component (H) comprises a distance scale (16), a ring (17) and an angle pointer (18), the distance scale (16), the ring (17) and the angle pointer (18) are sequentially arranged and fixedly connected from front to back, the left side of the distance scale (16) is provided with a side length scale of 0 to (a +20) mm, wherein a is a square body consisting of a front plate (C), a left plate (D), a rear plate (E), a right plate (F) and a bottom plate (G) on the sampler (A), the cross section groove of the distance scale (16) is in a shape, the distance between the left end surface of the distance measuring scale (16) and the circle center of the circular ring (17) is l, the width of the distance measuring scale (16) is b, and the distance between the lower surface of the circular ring (17) and the lower surface of the distance measuring scale (16) is b/2; the support (I) is composed of an inserting plate I (11), an inserting plate II (12), a tripod (13), a cylindrical rod (14) and a positioning ring (15), the positioning ring (15) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the cylindrical rod (14), the lower end of the cylindrical rod (14) is fixedly connected to the rear angle of the tripod (13), the inserting plate I (11) is vertically fixedly connected to the upper part of the right corner of the tripod (13), and the inserting plate II (12) is vertically fixedly connected to the upper part of the left corner of the tripod (13); the angle ruler (J) is semicircular, angle scales (19) are arranged on the arc surface of the angle ruler, a hole III (20) is formed in the center of the circle, and the radius of a fan-shaped hole in the angle ruler (J) is R and is concentric with the hole III (20); the depth gauge component (K) consists of a depth gauge (21) and a conical positioning needle (22), the depth gauge (21) and the conical positioning needle (22) are vertically arranged and fixedly connected, the length of the conical positioning needle is h, the size scale arranged on the right side of the depth gauge (21) is 0 to (a +20) mm, and the cross section of the depth gauge (21) is in a groove shape; the connecting piece (L) consists of a rectangular plate I (23), a pin shaft (25) and a rectangular plate II (26), and the left part of the rectangular plate I (23) is fixedly connected with the upper part of the rectangular plate II (26) in a right angle mode through the pin shaft (25); a threaded hole I (24) is formed in the right part of the rectangular plate I (23) along the central line, and a threaded hole II (27) is formed in the lower part of the rectangular plate II (26) along the central line; the circular ring (17) of the distance ruler component (H) is movably connected with the upper part of the cylindrical rod (14) of the bracket (I), the lower surface of the circular ring (17) is tightly attached to the upper surface of the positioning ring (15), the angle ruler (J) is fixedly connected with the upper part of the cylindrical rod (14) of the bracket (I) through a hole III (20), and the distance between the lower surface of the angle ruler (J) and the upper surface of the positioning ring (15) meets the requirement that the circular ring (17) of the distance ruler component (H) can freely rotate around the cylindrical rod (14); a rectangular plate I (23) of the connecting piece (L) is in sliding connection with a groove of a distance measuring scale (16) in the distance measuring scale component (H), and a rubber block II (10) is fixedly connected to the right end of the groove of the distance measuring scale (16); a rectangular plate II (26) of the connecting piece (L) is in sliding connection with a groove of a depth measuring scale (21) in the depth scale assembly (K), and a rubber block I (9) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the groove of the depth scale assembly (K); the screw I (7) is in threaded connection with a threaded hole II (27) of a rectangular plate II (26) in the connecting piece (L); the screw II (8) is in threaded connection with a threaded hole I (24) of a rectangular plate I (23) in the connecting piece (L); the lower surface of a middle bottom plate (G) of a sampler (A) is attached to the upper surface of a tripod (13) of a middle support (I) of a measurer (B), an inserting plate I (11) on the middle support (I) of the measurer (B) is connected with a hole I (3) of the middle bottom plate (G) of the sampler (A), an inserting plate II (12) of the middle support (I) of the measurer (B) is connected with a hole II (5) of the middle bottom plate (G) of the sampler (A), and the inserting plates I (11) and II (12) are consistent with the hole I (3) and the hole II (5) in shape; the near upper end of a cylindrical rod (14) of a support (I) in a measurer (B) is clamped in a U-shaped notch (1) of a rear plate (E) in a sampler (A), the distance between the central line of the cylindrical rod (14) and the inner side of the rear plate (E) is l, the distance between the central line of the cylindrical rod and the center of a circle of a distance measuring scale (16) is equal to the distance between the left end face of the distance measuring scale (16) and the center of the circle of a ring (17), the distance between the lower end face of an angle pointer (18) in a distance scale component (H) and the upper end face of the rear plate (E) is H, the distance is equal to the length of a conical positioning needle, the distance between the outer edge of the tip of the angle pointer (18) in the distance scale component (H) and the center of the circle of the ring (17) is R, and the radius of a sector hole in an angle scale (J) is equal to.
2. The apparatus for visually measuring the three-dimensional distribution of bed soil blocks as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sampler (A) consists of a front plate (C), a left plate (D), a rear plate (E), a right plate (F) and a bottom plate (G), wherein the side surfaces of the front plate (C), the left plate (D), the rear plate (E) and the right plate (F) are fixedly connected end to end at 90 degrees to form a cube frame structure, and the side length a of the cube is 300-800 mm; the center of the upper edge of the rear plate (E) is provided with a U-shaped notch (1); a baffle plate (4) is arranged at the front end of the bottom plate (G), a hole I (3) is formed in the front part of the right side of the bottom plate (G), a hole II (5) is formed in the front part of the left side of the bottom plate (G), a groove I (2) is formed in the position, close to the right side, of the upper surface of the bottom plate (G), and a groove II (6) is formed in the position, close to the left side, of the upper surface of the bottom plate (G); the lower end of the left plate (D) is connected with the groove II (6) of the bottom plate (G) in a sliding way; the lower end of the right plate (F) is connected with the groove I (2) of the bottom plate (G) in a sliding manner.
3. A visual measurement method for three-dimensional space distribution of seedbed soil blocks is characterized by comprising the following steps:
3.1 sample collection: inserting a cube framework structure formed by fixedly connecting a front plate (C), a left plate (D), a rear plate (E) and a right plate (F) in a sampler (A) into a seedbed from top to bottom, wherein the specified depth of the specified position of the seedbed is equal to the side length a of the cube, and horizontally inserting a groove II (6) and a groove I (2) on a bottom plate (G) along the lower ends of the left plate (D) and the right plate (F) from front to back;
3.2 establishing a three-dimensional coordinate system: the device for visually measuring the three-dimensional spatial distribution of the soil mass of the seedbed according to claim 1, wherein the center of the circle on the upper surface of the retainer (15) of the support (I) in the measuring device (B) is taken as the origin of coordinates O, the central axis of the cylindrical rod (14) of the support (I) in the measuring device (B) is taken as the positive direction of the Y axis from bottom to top, the point O is taken as the origin of coordinates, the positive direction of the X axis from back to front is taken as the positive direction of the X axis, and the positive direction of the Z axis;
3.3 on the basis of steps 3.1 and 3.2, for any piece of soil P in the coordinate systemiThe tip of the conical positioning needle (22) on the depth gauge component (K) is vertically inserted into the soil block P to be measured by rotating the distance gauge component (H) around the ring (17), moving the rectangular plate I (23) on the connecting piece (L) along the length direction of the distance gauge component (H) and moving the rectangular plate II (26) on the connecting piece (L) along the length direction of the depth gauge component (K) so that the tip of the conical positioning needle (22) on the depth gauge component (K) is vertically inserted into the soil block P to be measurediAt any point PijSequentially reading the point P through a distance measuring scale (18) of the angle scale (J), the distance scale component (H) and a depth measuring scale (21) of the depth scale component (K)ijIncluded angle alpha between XOZ plane and Z axis negative directionijPoint PijPerpendicular distance r to the YOZ planeijAnd point PijPerpendicular distance y to XOZ planeijThen P isijThe coordinates of the points are expressed as rijsin(αij)，-yij，rijcos(αij)]I and j are positive integers;
3.4 based on steps 3.1 to 3.3, for clods PiSequentially measuring the X-axis reverse farthest point P on the X-axis reverse farthest point Pi1[ri1sin(αi1)，-yi1，ri1cos(αi1)]X-axis forward-most distance point Pi2[ri2sin(αi2)，-yi2，ri2cos(αi2)]Y-axis reverse farthest point Pi3[ri3sin(αi3)，-yi3，ri3cos(αi3)]Y-axis forward-most distance point Pi4[ri4sin(αi4)，-yi4，ri4cos(αi4)]Z-axis reverse farthest point Pi5[ri5sin(αi5)，-yi5，ri5cos(αi5)]Z-axis forward-most distance point Pi6[ri6sin(αi6)，-yi6，ri6cos(αi6)]By interconnecting the points P in a three-dimensional coordinate systemi1And point Pi3Point Pi1And point Pi4Point Pi1And point Pi5Point Pi1And point Pi6Point Pi2And point Pi3Point Pi2And point Pi4Point Pi2And point Pi5Point Pi2And point Pi6Remolded soil block Pi；
3.5 soil blocks P according to Steps 3.1-3.4iAnd in the remolding process, remolding the soil blocks meeting the established requirements in the coordinate system, and representing in a three-dimensional coordinate system.
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