CN112273398B - Medicament and method for breaking dormancy of winter buds of grapes and enabling fruits to ripen in advance - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a medicament for breaking dormancy of grape winter buds and making fruits ripen in advance. The medicament comprises: sodium tungstate 0.5%-2% w/v, sodium nitroprusside 0.03%-0.09% w/v, potassium sulfate 1% %‑3%w/v, Diammonium hydrogen phosphate 1%‑3%w/v, 5‑azacytidine 0.2%‑0.8%w/v, Brassinolide 0.01%‑0.04%w/v. The present invention solves the lack of a non-toxic or low-toxic agent in the prior art, and at the same time can effectively break the winter bud dormancy of grapes, promote its early germination and make the fruit ripen in advance. The invention also discloses a method for breaking the dormancy of grape winter buds and making the fruit ripen in advance. The phenological stages such as the ripening period and the fruit ripening period were advanced to varying degrees, and the germination rate, branching rate and fruiting branch rate of winter buds of grapes were not adversely affected after the application.

Description

A kind of medicament and method for breaking grape winter bud dormancy and making fruit ripen in advance

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting and cultivation, in particular to a medicament and a method for breaking dormancy of winter buds of grapes and making fruits ripen in advance.

Background technique

Bud dormancy is a beneficial biological characteristic acquired by higher plants after long-term evolution to adapt to extreme low temperature conditions and seasonal changes. Once perennial deciduous fruit trees go into internal dormancy, they must meet a certain low temperature accumulation before they can be released; insufficient low temperature accumulation will lead to abnormal budding, flowering, fruit setting and growth of branches and leaves, which will seriously affect the production capacity of the tree. Due to the feature of dormancy, the fruit tree cultivation area is limited, and it is also a problem that must be considered in the fruit tree facility cultivation. In recent decades, global warming has caused insufficient accumulation of low temperature in winter in many areas, which has affected the growth and development of perennial deciduous fruit trees. It has a great impact and eventually leads to a decline in fruit yield and quality.

Grape ( Vitis spp.) is one of the important deciduous fruit trees widely cultivated all over the world, and its berries are rich in nutrients and are loved by people. In Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and other southern provinces (regions) of China, the temperature rises rapidly in early spring, which is conducive to the growth and development of grapes, and the ripening period of fruits is earlier. At this time, it is the off-season of grapes, and the supply is in short supply, which can often achieve higher economic benefits. However, due to the insufficient accumulation of low temperature of 0-7.2°C in winter in these areas, the winter buds of grapes cannot complete the dormancy process well, the buds not only cannot be advanced but also are not neat, and the quality of flower buds is poor. The fruit ripening period is inconsistent, which seriously affects the yield and quality of berries. In addition, insufficient accumulation of low temperature in winter often occurs in facility cultivation, resulting in poor winter bud dormancy, resulting in delayed and irregular germination.

In recent years, in the large-scale cultivation of grapes in warm winter regions, cyanamide has become the most widely used and most effective sleep-breaking agent. Monocyanamide treatment can effectively break the dormancy in the flower buds of grapes and advance the germination time and fruit maturity period. However, cyanamide is a highly toxic substance, which is inconvenient and unsafe to use. If a small amount of cyanamide splashes on the skin during use, it will cause peeling in mild cases, and skin redness, pain, and vomiting in severe cases. They should not drink alcohol within the next 3 days, and some people with severe cyanamide allergies will experience itchy skin, dizziness, nausea and other symptoms when they go to the vineyard within a week after taking the drug, which seriously affects the normal production and life of fruit farmers.

Through literature search, there is no published content about the technical development of non-toxic or low-toxic agents for breaking the winter bud dormancy of grapes and making the fruit ripen in advance. Therefore, the development of a non-toxic or low-toxic agent that can effectively break the winter bud dormancy of grapes and make the fruits ripen in advance with a consistent maturity period, and establish supporting technical regulations, is of great significance to the early-ripening grape industry and the facility cultivation of grapes in southern my country. .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a medicament and method for breaking the dormancy of winter buds of grapes and making fruits mature in advance. During the dormancy period of winter buds of grapes, the winter buds are treated by spraying or applying medicaments, so as to make up for the low temperature accumulation required for the germination of winter buds, Promoting its early release of dormancy, so as to achieve the purpose of early germination, shorten the germination period, and germinate neatly and consistently.

A technical purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of medicament for breaking grape winter bud dormancy and making fruit ripen in advance, and described medicament comprises:

Sodium tungstate 0.5%-2%w/v,

Sodium Nitroprusside 0.03%-0.09%w/v,

Potassium sulfate 1%-3%w/v,

Diammonium hydrogen phosphate 1%-3%w/v,

5-azacytidine 0.2%-0.8%w/v,

Brassinolide 0.01%-0.04%w/v.

Further, the medicament includes:

Sodium tungstate 1%-1.5%w/v,

Sodium Nitroprusside 0.05%-0.07%w/v,

Potassium sulfate 1.5%-2%w/v,

Diammonium hydrogen phosphate 1.5%-2%w/v,

5-azacytidine 0.4%-0.6%w/v,

Brassinolide 0.02%-0.03%w/v.

Further, the medicament also includes glycerol 1% w/v.

Specifically, the preparation method of the medicament is:

Accurately weigh sodium tungstate 0.5-2g, sodium nitroprusside 0.03-0.09g, potassium sulfate 1-3g, diammonium hydrogen phosphate 1-3g, 5-azacytidine 0.2-0.8g, brassinolide 0.01-0.04g , after weighing, put them into 100mL volumetric flasks, dissolve with distilled water and dilute to volume; put the prepared sodium tungstate solution, sodium nitroprusside solution, potassium sulfate solution, diammonium hydrogen phosphate solution, 5-azacytidine solution The solution and the brassinolide solution are mixed in a certain proportion to prepare a medicine.

The present invention also provides a method for breaking dormancy of winter buds of grapes and ripening fruits in advance, the method comprising:

The medicament described in any one of the above is evenly smeared on the grape winter buds or evenly sprayed on the grape branches and winter buds after winter pruning, and the treatment time is early January;

When applying the medicine to the grape winter buds, the winter buds should be completely soaked and dripped, and then the medicine liquid on the winter buds should be dried naturally;

When spraying the chemical on the grape branches and winter buds after winter pruning, the branches and winter buds should be completely soaked and dripped. After spraying, the liquid on the branches and winter buds should be dried naturally.

Further, the medicament only needs to be smeared or sprayed once a year in early January.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The medicament of the present invention is low-toxic or non-toxic, safe and convenient to use, and the human body does not need to do special protection during medication, and a small amount of medicinal liquid is inhaled into the respiratory tract when the medicinal liquid is dropped on the skin or sprayed. The medicament of the invention also has the characteristics of simple production process, common raw materials and low cost, and is easy to popularize and use.

2. Evenly smear the medicament of the present invention on the grape winter buds or evenly spray it on the grape branches and winter buds after winter pruning, not only can effectively break the dormancy of grape winter buds, make it germinate neatly and uniformly, promote fruit ripening in advance, and at the same time, use medicines. Afterwards, the germination rate, branching rate and fruiting rate of winter buds of grapes will not be adversely affected, and the use effect is good. Specifically, evenly spraying the medicament of the present invention on the grape branches and winter buds can make the germination stage 2.5-24.4 days earlier than the blank control, and the maturity stage is 2.2-17.5 days earlier than the blank control. Sodium + 0.07% sodium nitroprusside + 1.5% potassium sulfate + 1.5% diammonium hydrogen phosphate + 0.6% 5-azacytidine + 0.03% brassinolide + 1% glycerol treatment, germination period than 2.5% cyanamide treatment It is 1.9 days earlier, and the maturity stage is 2.9 days earlier than that of the 2.5% cyanamide treatment; the medicament of the present invention is evenly smeared on the winter buds of grapes, so that the budding stage is 3.2-26.2 days earlier than the blank control, and the maturity stage is 2.2 days earlier than the blank control. d-19.0 days, in which 1.5% sodium tungstate + 0.07% sodium nitroprusside + 1.5% potassium sulfate + 1.5% diammonium hydrogen phosphate + 0.6% 5-azacytidine + 0.03% brassinolide + 1% With glycerol treatment, the germination stage is 1.6 days earlier than that of 2.5% cyanamide treatment, and the maturity stage is 2.4 days earlier than that of 2.5% cyanamide treatment. The fruits ripen early, and the economic benefits are significant.

3. No matter whether the spraying method or the smearing method is adopted, after the medicament treatment of the present invention, the phenological stages such as the leaf-spreading stage, the flowering stage, the fruit expansion stage and the fruit ripening stage of the grapes all have different degrees of advance, which is beneficial to Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and other southern provinces (autonomous regions) have made effective use of the characteristics of rapid temperature rise in early spring, which can promote the early ripening of fruits and the early market of grapes, and the economic benefits are remarkable.

4. In the past technology, there is no safe, green, environmentally friendly and effective medicine and method to break the dormancy of grape winter buds and make the fruit ripen earlier. The proposal of this invention effectively fills the gap in this research field. Conducive to the development and expansion of the grape planting industry.

Detailed ways

In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1 (spraying branches treatment)

In this example, the vineyard (24°20′N, 103°25′E; 1435 m above sea level; average temperature in January 5.5-20°C) of Dongfeng Farm Administration Bureau of Mile City, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province was selected as the experimental site, and the grape varieties were 'Crystal' of the Eurasian species. The vines used for the experiment were grafted seedlings planted in 2012, and the grafted rootstocks were vines. The vines with healthy trees, vigorous tree vigor, no pests and diseases, and each with 3 trunks were selected as the test materials.

After material selection, spray the following concentrations w/v and components on the grape branches and buds after winter pruning:

①: 2% sodium tungstate, ②: 1.5% sodium tungstate, ③: 1% sodium tungstate, ④: 0.5% sodium tungstate,

⑤: 0.09% sodium nitroprusside, ⑥: 0.07% sodium nitroprusside, ⑦: 0.05% sodium nitroprusside, ⑧: 0.03% sodium nitroprusside,

⑨: 3% potassium sulfate + 3% diammonium hydrogen phosphate + 0.8% 5-azacytidine + 0.04% brassinolide + 1% glycerol,

⑩: 2% potassium sulfate + 2% diammonium hydrogen phosphate + 0.6% 5-azacytidine + 0.03% brassinolide + 1% glycerol,

⑪: 1.5% potassium sulfate + 1.5% diammonium hydrogen phosphate + 0.4% 5-azacytidine + 0.02% brassinolide + 1% glycerol,

⑫: 1% potassium sulfate + 1% diammonium hydrogen phosphate + 0.2% 5-azacytidine + 0.01% brassinolide + 1% glycerol,

⑬: 1.5% sodium tungstate + 0.07% sodium nitroprusside,

⑭: 1.5% sodium tungstate + 1.5% potassium sulfate + 1.5% diammonium hydrogen phosphate + 0.6% 5-azacytidine + 0.03% brassinolide + 1% glycerol,

⑮: 0.07% sodium nitroprusside + 1.5% potassium sulfate + 1.5% diammonium hydrogen phosphate + 0.6% 5-azacytidine + 0.03% brassinolide + 1% glycerol,

⑯: 1.5% sodium tungstate + 0.07% sodium nitroprusside + 1.5% potassium sulfate + 1.5% diammonium hydrogen phosphate + 0.6% 5-azacytidine + 0.03% brassinolide + 1% glycerol,

⑰: 2.5% cyanamide, ⑱: clear water control (CK), a total of 18 treatments.

After the winter pruning in the middle and late December of the first year, the selected grape plants should be sprayed in the first ten days of January of the following year. During the spraying, the entire branches and winter buds are required to be sprayed wet until the branches begin to drip drug drops. 10 plants were sprayed per treatment. After spraying the liquid medicine, the phenological observation was started on February 1 (the average temperature of the test site in February was 8-22.5 ℃), and the germination rate, branching rate, fruit branch rate, etc. were statistically analyzed.

Among them: germination rate (%) = germination number / treated bud number × 100%;

Branching rate (%) = number of shoots / number of buds × 100%;

Fruiting branch rate (%) = number of fruiting branches/number of drawn branches × 100%.

The relevant recording standards for phenological observations are:

The germination stage is when 15%-85% of the leaf buds of the whole plant begin to germinate;

The leaf-expanding stage is when the entire plant has 25% of the leaf buds to expand the first leaf;

The flowering period is when 5%-95% of the flowers of the whole plant are open;

The fruit expansion period is after the fruit is set, when the fruit is close to the size of the soybean grain, and the growth rate is accelerated. The 'Crystal' grape has two fruit expansion periods. The fruit expansion period here is from the first fruit expansion period to the second fruit expansion period. Until the end of the secondary fruit expansion period;

The ripening period of the fruit is when the fruit begins to soften, and the inherent aroma and color of the variety appear;

The fruit maturity period refers to the period when 50% of the fruits of the whole tree have the characteristics of the variety when they are mature in terms of color and quality, and the fruit stems are easy to separate when picking.

The trial was carried out for 4 consecutive years from 2017 to 2020, and the data listed in Tables 1 and 2 are the average of the 4 years.

Table 1 Effects of different concentrations and components of chemical spraying on branches on the germination rate and shoot characteristics of grape winter buds

Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the P< 0.05 level; data are the mean of 4 replicate experiments.

It can be seen from Table 1 that the medicaments in treatments ①-⑰ have a certain effect on the germination rate, branching rate and fruit branch rate of grapes. Except for the germination rates of the two treatments ⑨ and ⑩, the germination rates are lower than 90%. More than 90%, according to Duncan's new multiple range test, only treatment ⑨ was significantly different from other treatments at the level of P<0.05, and other treatments did not reach the significant level of difference with CK and 2.5% cyanamide treatment (P <0.05). In addition, the branching rate and fruiting rate of all treatments were above 90%, and the differences did not reach the level of significance (P<0.05).

It can also be seen from Table 1 that the germination time of winter buds of grapes treated with the chemicals in ①-⑰ is earlier than that of CK, and the treatments with an advance time of more than 20 days include ⑬, ⑭, ⑮, ⑯, ⑰, and the advance time is less than 10 days. There are ④, ⑦, ⑧, ⑫ for the treatment of days. Among them, the treatment with the longest lead time is ⑯, which is 24.4 days in advance, which is 1.9 days earlier than ⑰: 22.5 days in advance of the 2.5% cyanamide treatment, and the lead time is 1.9 days. The shortest is ⑧: 0.03% sodium nitroprusside treatment, only 2.5 days ahead.

Table 1 also shows that the ripening period of grapes treated with chemicals in ①-⑰ was earlier than that of CK to varying degrees. ⑬, ⑯, ⑰ are processed more than 14 days (2 weeks) in advance, and ④, ⑦, ⑧, and ⑫ are processed within 7 days (1 week) in advance. It reached 17.5 days, which was 2.9 days earlier than ⑰: 14.6 days in 2.5% cyanamide treatment, and the shortest time in advance was ⑧: 0.03% sodium nitroprusside treatment, which was only 2.2 days in advance.

Table 2 Effects of different concentrations and components of chemical spraying on branches on grape phenology

It can be seen from Table 2 that the phenological stages of the grapes treated with the chemicals in ①-⑰ were earlier than those of CK to varying degrees. Among them, the germination period, leaf expansion period, flowering period, fruit expansion period, fruit ripening period, and fruit ripening period of grapes in treatment ⑯ were the most advanced days, followed by two treatments ⑬ and ⑭, ⑰: 2.5% single The effect of cyanamide treatment is also better, and the treatment of ④, ⑦, ⑧, ⑫ is the least days in advance, and the effect is not good.

Example 2 (Smearing winter bud treatment)

In this example, the vineyard (24°20′N, 103°25′E; 1435 m above sea level; average temperature in January 5.5-20°C) of Dongfeng Farm Administration Bureau of Mile City, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province was selected as the experimental site, and the grape varieties were 'Crystal' of the Eurasian species. The vines used for the experiment were grafted seedlings planted in 2012, and the grafted rootstocks were vines. The vines with healthy trees, vigorous tree vigor, no pests and diseases, and each with 3 trunks were selected as the test materials.

After the material has been selected, the following concentrations w/v and components are applied to the grape winter buds:

①: 2% sodium tungstate, ②: 1.5% sodium tungstate, ③: 1% sodium tungstate, ④: 0.5% sodium tungstate,

⑤: 0.09% sodium nitroprusside, ⑥: 0.07% sodium nitroprusside, ⑦: 0.05% sodium nitroprusside, ⑧: 0.03% sodium nitroprusside,

⑨: 3% potassium sulfate + 3% diammonium hydrogen phosphate + 0.8% 5-azacytidine + 0.04% brassinolide + 1% glycerol,

⑩: 2% potassium sulfate + 2% diammonium hydrogen phosphate + 0.6% 5-azacytidine + 0.03% brassinolide + 1% glycerol,

⑪: 1.5% potassium sulfate + 1.5% diammonium hydrogen phosphate + 0.4% 5-azacytidine + 0.02% brassinolide + 1% glycerol,

⑫: 1% potassium sulfate + 1% diammonium hydrogen phosphate + 0.2% 5-azacytidine + 0.01% brassinolide + 1% glycerol,

⑬: 1.5% sodium tungstate + 0.07% sodium nitroprusside,

⑭: 1.5% sodium tungstate + 1.5% potassium sulfate + 1.5% diammonium hydrogen phosphate + 0.6% 5-azacytidine + 0.03% brassinolide + 1% glycerol,

⑮: 0.07% sodium nitroprusside + 1.5% potassium sulfate + 1.5% diammonium hydrogen phosphate + 0.6% 5-azacytidine + 0.03% brassinolide + 1% glycerol,

⑯: 1.5% sodium tungstate + 0.07% sodium nitroprusside + 1.5% potassium sulfate + 1.5% diammonium hydrogen phosphate + 0.6% 5-azacytidine + 0.03% brassinolide + 1% glycerol,

⑰: 2.5% cyanamide, ⑱: clear water control (CK), a total of 18 treatments.

After the winter pruning in the middle and late December of the first year, the selected grape plants were subjected to a winter bud test in early January of the following year. The entire winter bud was required to be soaked until the drop of the drug began to be applied. 10 plants were smeared. After applying the medicament, the observation of the phenological period began on February 1 (the average temperature of the test site in February was 8-22.5 ℃), and the germination rate, branch rate, fruit branch rate, etc. were statistically analyzed.

Among them, the germination rate (%) = the number of buds / the number of treated buds × 100%;

Branching rate (%) = number of shoots / number of buds × 100%;

Fruiting branch rate (%) = number of fruiting branches/number of drawn branches × 100%.

The relevant recording standards for phenological observation are the same as those in Example 1.

The trial was carried out for 4 consecutive years from 2017 to 2020, and the data listed in Tables 3 and 4 are the average of the 4 years.

Table 3 Effects of different concentrations and components of chemicals applied to winter buds on the germination rate and shoot characteristics of grape winter buds

Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the P<0.05 level; data are the mean of 4 repeated experiments.

As can be seen from Table 3, the smearing of winter buds with the agents in treatments ①-⑰ has a certain influence on the germination rate, branching rate and fruit branch rate of grapes, except that the germination rates of the three treatments of ⑨, ⑩ and ⑪ are lower than 90%. %, other treatments were higher than 90%. After Duncan's new multiple range test, it was found that two treatments ⑨ and ⑩ were significantly different from other treatments at the level of P < 0.05, and other treatments were significantly different from CK and 2.5% cyanamide. None of the treatments reached a significant level of difference ( P< 0.05). In addition, the branching rate and fruiting rate of all treatments were above 90%, and the differences did not reach the level of significance ( P< 0.05).

It can also be seen from Table 3 that after the winter buds were smeared with the chemicals in treatments ①-⑰, the germination time of winter buds of grapes was earlier than that of CK. The treatments with an advance time of more than 20 days included ⑬⑭⑮⑯⑰, and the treatments with an advance time of less than 10 days included ④ , ⑦, ⑧, ⑫, among them, the treatment with the longest lead time is ⑯, which is 26.2 days in advance, which is 1.6 days earlier than the 24.6 days in advance of ⑰: 2.5% cyanamide treatment, and the shortest lead time is ⑧: 0.03 % sodium nitroprusside treatment, only 3.2 days in advance.

Table 3 also shows that after applying the agents in treatments ①-⑰ to winter buds, the ripening period of grapes was earlier than that of CK to varying degrees. ⑬, ⑭, ⑯, ⑰ are processed more than 14 days (2 weeks) in advance, and ④, ⑦, ⑧, and ⑫ are processed within 7 days (1 week) in advance. Among them, processing ⑯ has the longest lead time. It was 19 days earlier, which was 2.4 days earlier than ⑰: 16.6 days for 2.5% cyanamide treatment, and the shortest time for ⑧: 0.03% sodium nitroprusside treatment was only 2.2 days earlier.

Table 4 Effects of different concentrations and components of chemical smearing on winter buds on grape phenology

It can be seen from Table 4 that the phenological stage of grapes was earlier than that of CK to varying degrees after applying the agents in treatments ①-⑰ to winter buds. Among them, the germination period, leaf expansion period, flowering period, fruit expansion period, fruit ripening period, and fruit ripening period of grapes in treatment ⑯ were the most advanced days, followed by two treatments ⑬ and ⑭, ⑰: 2.5% single The effect of cyanamide treatment is also better, and the treatment of ④, ⑦, ⑧, ⑫ is the least days in advance, and the effect is not good.

The above embodiment is only an explanation of the present invention, and it is not a limitation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make modifications without creative contribution to the present embodiment as required after reading this specification, but as long as the rights of the present invention are used All claims are protected by patent law.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of medicament that breaks grape winter bud dormancy and makes fruit ripe in advance, it is characterized in that: described medicament comprises: Sodium tungstate 0.5%-2%w/v, Sodium Nitroprusside 0.03%-0.09%w/v, Potassium sulfate 1%-3%w/v, Diammonium hydrogen phosphate 1%-3%w/v, 5-azacytidine 0.2%-0.8%w/v, Brassinolide 0.01%-0.04%w/v. 2. a kind of medicament breaking grape winter bud dormancy and making fruit ripe in advance according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described medicament comprises: Sodium tungstate 1%-1.5%w/v, Sodium Nitroprusside 0.05%-0.07%w/v, Potassium sulfate 1.5%-2%w/v, Diammonium hydrogen phosphate 1.5%-2%w/v, 5-azacytidine 0.4%-0.6%w/v, Brassinolide 0.02%-0.03%w/v. 3. a kind of medicament for breaking grape winter bud dormancy and making fruit ripe in advance according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described medicament also comprises glycerol 1%w/v. 4. a method for breaking grape winter bud dormancy and making fruit ripe in advance, it is characterized in that: described method comprises: The medicament described in any one of claims 1-3 is evenly smeared on grape winter buds or evenly sprayed on grape branches and winter buds after winter pruning, and the treatment time is early January; When applying the medicine to the grape winter buds, the winter buds should be completely soaked and dripped, and then the medicine liquid on the winter buds should be dried naturally; When spraying the chemical on the grape branches and winter buds after winter pruning, the branches and winter buds should be completely soaked and dripped. After spraying, the liquid on the branches and winter buds should be dried naturally. 5. a kind of method of breaking grape winter bud dormancy and making fruit ripe in advance according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described medicament only needs to be smeared or sprayed once every year in early January.