CN112260543B - A high-gain high-frequency isolation bidirectional cascaded DC/DC converter and its control method - Google Patents
A high-gain high-frequency isolation bidirectional cascaded DC/DC converter and its control method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
- H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/219—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高增益高频隔离双向级联DC/DC变换器及其控制方法，其中变换器包括：级联连接的第一级联模块和第二级联模块；第一级联模块包括：依次串联级联的第一电容、第一开关网络单元、第一谐振网络单元或第一隔直网络单元、高频隔离变压器、第二谐振网络单元或第二隔直网络单元、第二开关网络单元，其中，第一谐振网络单元与第二谐振网络单元相对应，第一隔直网络单元与第一隔直网络单元相对应；第二级联模块包括：依次串联级联的第二电容、第三开关网络单元和第三电容，第三开关网络单元和第三电容之间串联有第三电感。通过采用级联结构实现了低压侧与高压侧电压增益灵活设置，解决了现有变换器传输比小及单级BUCK/BOOST隔离与占空比接近1的问题。
The invention discloses a high-gain, high-frequency isolation bidirectional cascaded DC/DC converter and a control method thereof, wherein the converter comprises: a first cascaded module and a second cascaded module connected in cascade; the first cascaded module It includes: a first capacitor, a first switching network unit, a first resonance network unit or a first DC blocking network unit, a high-frequency isolation transformer, a second resonance network unit or a second DC blocking network unit, a second A switch network unit, wherein the first resonant network unit corresponds to the second resonant network unit, and the first DC-blocking network unit corresponds to the first DC-blocking network unit; the second cascading module includes: A capacitor, a third switch network unit and a third capacitor, and a third inductor is connected in series between the third switch network unit and the third capacitor. By adopting the cascade structure, the voltage gain of the low-voltage side and the high-voltage side can be set flexibly, which solves the problems of the small transmission ratio of the existing converter and the single-stage buck/boost isolation and duty ratio close to 1.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电力设备技术领域，特别涉及一种高增益高频隔离双向级联DC/DC变换器及其控制方法。The invention relates to the technical field of power equipment, in particular to a high-gain, high-frequency isolation bidirectional cascaded DC/DC converter and a control method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
双向DC/DC变换器由于能够实现能量的双向流动，被广泛应用于直流不停电系统、航空电源系统、太阳能供电系统、舰载电源等场合。级联式双向DC/DC变换器是双向DC/DC变换器的一种，具有两部分可分别优化设计、功率密度高、可实现大变比变换等优点，因此被广泛应用于电压传输比较大的场合，如航天电源、飞机高压直流配电系统等，尤其在分布式供电系统中，级联式双向DC/DC变换器的应用较为常见。当直流母线参考电压较高时，要求双向DC/DC变换器电压传输比较大，单级的双向DC/DC变换器不能满足要求，需要利用级联式双向DC/DC变换器来满足系统要求。Bidirectional DC/DC converters are widely used in DC uninterruptible systems, aviation power supply systems, solar power supply systems, shipboard power supplies and other occasions because they can realize the bidirectional flow of energy. Cascaded bidirectional DC/DC converter is a kind of bidirectional DC/DC converter. It has the advantages of two parts that can be optimized separately, high power density, and can realize large transformation ratio conversion. Therefore, it is widely used in large voltage transmission. applications, such as aerospace power supply, aircraft high-voltage DC power distribution systems, etc., especially in distributed power supply systems, the application of cascaded bidirectional DC/DC converters is more common. When the DC bus reference voltage is high, the voltage transmission of the bidirectional DC/DC converter is required to be relatively large, and the single-stage bidirectional DC/DC converter cannot meet the requirements, and a cascaded bidirectional DC/DC converter needs to be used to meet the system requirements.
随着储能技术的发展，双向DC/DC变换器的应用得到普遍的研究。现有的技术中常规采用两套拓扑装置，一套用于储能电池的充电、一套用于储能电池的放电，主电路拓扑独立、控制独立，两套装置通过通信的方式进行信息的交互，由它们共同实现储能电池能量的双向流动；但是两套硬件装置存在其成本较高、体积较大及重量较重问题，以及信息交互的时间较长问题。双向BUCK/BOOST电路拓扑能够实现能量的双向流动，因此得到广泛的应用，但是当输入和输出电压相差很大时，占空比接近于1，升压电感电流纹波很大，开关管关断电流也很大，具有变换效率较低的问题及输入输出共地问题；另外，当占空比接近于1时，变换器的动态性能将受影响。With the development of energy storage technology, the application of bidirectional DC/DC converter has been widely studied. In the prior art, two sets of topology devices are conventionally used, one set is used for charging the energy storage battery, and the other is used for discharging the energy storage battery. The main circuit topology is independent and the control is independent, and the two sets of devices exchange information by means of communication. They jointly realize the two-way flow of the energy of the energy storage battery; however, the two sets of hardware devices have the problems of high cost, large volume and heavy weight, and the problem of long information exchange time. The bidirectional buck/boost circuit topology can realize the bidirectional flow of energy, so it is widely used, but when the input and output voltages are very different, the duty cycle is close to 1, the current ripple of the boost inductor is large, and the switch is turned off. The current is also very large, which has the problem of low conversion efficiency and the problem of input and output common ground; in addition, when the duty cycle is close to 1, the dynamic performance of the converter will be affected.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明实施例的目的是提供一种高增益高频隔离双向级联DC/DC变换器，通过采用级联结构将低压侧与高压侧的电压的增益比例灵活，解决了现有单级双向隔离DC/DC变换器电压传输比小，以及单级BUCK/BOOST的隔离与占空比接近1的问题，其增益可根据需要灵活变换调节，实现了双向能量流动多模式控制方式以及高增益功率变换和高频电气隔离。The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a high-gain high-frequency isolation bidirectional cascaded DC/DC converter, which solves the problem of the existing single-stage bidirectional isolation by adopting a cascade structure to flexibly obtain the gain ratio of the voltage on the low-voltage side and the high-voltage side. The voltage transfer ratio of the DC/DC converter is small, and the isolation and duty cycle of the single-stage buck/boost are close to 1. The gain can be flexibly adjusted according to the needs, realizing the multi-mode control mode of bidirectional energy flow and high-gain power conversion. and high frequency electrical isolation.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明实施例的第一方面提供了一种高增益高频隔离双向级联DC/DC变换器，包括：级联连接的第一级联模块和第二级联模块，所述第一级联模块的另一端与低压侧电源连接，所述第二级联模块另一端与高压侧电源连接；In order to solve the above technical problems, a first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a high-gain, high-frequency isolation bidirectional cascaded DC/DC converter, including: a first cascaded module and a second cascaded module connected in cascade, The other end of the first cascading module is connected to the low-voltage side power supply, and the other end of the second cascading module is connected to the high-voltage side power supply;
所述第一级联模块包括：依次串联级联的第一电容、第一开关网络单元、第一谐振网络单元或第一隔直网络单元、高频隔离变压器、第二谐振网络单元或第二隔直网络单元、第二网络开关单元，其中，所述第一谐振网络单元与所述第二谐振网络单元相对应，所述第一隔直网络单元与所述第一隔直网络单元相对应；The first cascading module includes: a first capacitor, a first switching network unit, a first resonance network unit or a first DC blocking network unit, a high-frequency isolation transformer, a second resonance network unit or a second A DC blocking network unit and a second network switching unit, wherein the first resonance network unit corresponds to the second resonance network unit, and the first DC blocking network unit corresponds to the first DC blocking network unit ;
所述第二级联模块包括：依次串联级联的第二电容、第三开关网络单元和第三电容，所述第三网络开关单元和所述第三电容之间串联有第三电感。The second cascading module includes: a second capacitor, a third switch network unit and a third capacitor connected in series in series, and a third inductor is connected in series between the third network switch unit and the third capacitor.
进一步地，所述第一开关网络单元、所述第二开关网络单元和/或所述第三开关网络单元为功率开关管。Further, the first switch network unit, the second switch network unit and/or the third switch network unit are power switch tubes.
进一步地，所述第一开关网络单元和/或所述第二开关网络单元为全桥结构或半桥结构。Further, the first switch network unit and/or the second switch network unit is a full-bridge structure or a half-bridge structure.
进一步地，所述第一谐振网络单元和所述第二谐振网络单元的驱动控制方式为PFM调频控制；或Further, the driving control mode of the first resonance network unit and the second resonance network unit is PFM frequency modulation control; or
所述第一隔直网络单元和所述第二隔直网络单元的驱动控制方式为PWM脉宽调制。The driving control mode of the first DC blocking network unit and the second DC blocking network unit is PWM pulse width modulation.
进一步地，所述第一谐振网络单元与所述第一开关网络单元和所述高频隔离变压器形成LC串联谐振、LC并联谐振、LCC串并联谐振、LLC串并联谐振、CLLC谐振或CLLLC谐振；和/或Further, the first resonant network unit forms LC series resonance, LC parallel resonance, LCC series-parallel resonance, LLC series-parallel resonance, CLLC resonance or CLLLC resonance with the first switching network unit and the high-frequency isolation transformer; and / or
所述第二谐振网络单元与所述高频隔离变压器和所述第二开关网络单元形成LC串联谐振、LC并联谐振、LCC串并联谐振、LLC串并联谐振、CLLC谐振或CLLLC谐振。The second resonance network unit forms LC series resonance, LC parallel resonance, LCC series-parallel resonance, LLC series-parallel resonance, CLLC resonance or CLLLC resonance with the high-frequency isolation transformer and the second switching network unit.
进一步地，所述第一隔直网络单元和所述第二隔直网络单元包括隔直电感；Further, the first DC blocking network unit and the second DC blocking network unit include a DC blocking inductor;
所述第一开关网络单元和所述第二开关网络单元均为全桥结构；Both the first switch network unit and the second switch network unit are full-bridge structures;
所述第一隔直网络单元和所述第二隔直网络与所述第一开关网络单元、所述第二开关网络单元和所述高频隔离变压器形成双主动全桥变换器。The first DC blocking network unit and the second DC blocking network form a dual active full-bridge converter with the first switching network unit, the second switching network unit and the high-frequency isolation transformer.
进一步地，所述第一隔直网络单元和/或所述第二隔直网络的驱动控制方式为单移相控制、双移相控制或三移相控制。Further, the driving control mode of the first DC blocking network unit and/or the second DC blocking network is single-phase-shift control, double-phase-shift control or triple-phase-shift control.
进一步地，所述第三开关网络单元为双向BUCK/BOOST拓扑结果；Further, the third switch network unit is a bidirectional BUCK/BOOST topology result;
所述第三开关网络单元的驱动方式为BOOST控制、BUCK控制或BUCK/BOOST控制。The driving mode of the third switch network unit is BOOST control, BUCK control or BUCK/BOOST control.
相应地，本发明实施例的第二方面提供了一种高增益高频隔离双向级联DC/DC变换器控制方法，用于控制上述任一高增益高频隔离双向级联DC/DC变换器，包括如下步骤：Correspondingly, a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a high-gain high-frequency isolation bidirectional cascaded DC/DC converter control method for controlling any of the above-mentioned high-gain high-frequency isolation bidirectional cascaded DC/DC converters. , including the following steps:
当由高增益高频隔离双向级联DC/DC变换器的低压侧向其高压侧进行能量传递时，通过恒高压放电控制方式和恒流放电控制方式进行分阶段控制；When the energy is transferred from the low-voltage side of the high-gain high-frequency isolation bidirectional cascaded DC/DC converter to its high-voltage side, it is controlled in stages by the constant-voltage discharge control mode and the constant-current discharge control mode;
当由所述高增益高频隔离双向级联DC/DC变换器的高压侧向其低压侧进行能量传递时，通过恒高压充电控制方式、恒流充电控制方式和恒低压充电控制方式进行分阶段控制。When energy is transferred from the high-voltage side of the high-gain high-frequency isolation bidirectional cascaded DC/DC converter to its low-voltage side, it is staged by constant high voltage charging control mode, constant current charging control mode and constant low voltage charging control mode control.
进一步地，所述恒高压放电控制方式为：通过电压外环电流内环的双环控制，使高压侧反馈电压值与给定电压值进行比较，电压值误差进入电压环PI控制器，其输出为反馈电流，给定电流值与反馈电流进行比较，电流值误差进入电流环PI控制器，其输出值进入PWM发生器形成PWM3，经隔离放大来驱动第三开关网络，第一开关网络和第二开关网络根据占空比、频率、同步、移相等因素进行恒频、恒宽开环控制；和/或Further, the constant-voltage discharge control method is: through the double-loop control of the voltage outer loop and the current inner loop, the high-voltage side feedback voltage value is compared with the given voltage value, and the voltage value error enters the voltage loop PI controller, and its output is: Feedback current, the given current value is compared with the feedback current, the current value error enters the current loop PI controller, and its output value enters the PWM generator to form PWM3, which is isolated and amplified to drive the third switching network, the first switching network and the second switching network. The switching network performs constant frequency, constant width open-loop control based on duty cycle, frequency, synchronization, phase shift factors; and/or
所述恒流放电控制方式为：通过采用电流内环，反馈电流与给定电流值和低压侧电源SOC状态的综合值进行比较，电流值误差进入所述电流环PI控制器，其输出值进入所述PWM发生器形成PWM3，经隔离放大来驱动所述第三开关网络，所述第一开关网络和所述第二开关网络根据占空比、频率、同步、移相等因素进行恒频、恒宽开环控制。The constant current discharge control method is: by using the current inner loop, the feedback current is compared with the given current value and the comprehensive value of the low-voltage side power supply SOC state, the current value error enters the current loop PI controller, and the output value enters the current loop PI controller. The PWM generator forms PWM3, which is isolated and amplified to drive the third switching network, and the first switching network and the second switching network perform constant frequency and constant frequency according to duty cycle, frequency, synchronization, and phase shift factors. Wide open loop control.
进一步地，所述恒高压充电控制方式为：在高频隔离变换器正常工作的范围内，通过电压外环电流内环的双环控制，高压侧反馈电压与给定电压值进行比较，电压值误差进入所述电压环PI控制器，其输出为反馈电流，给定电流值与反馈电流进行比较，电流值误差进入所述电流环PI控制器，输出值进入所述PWM发生器形成PWM3，经隔离放大来驱动第三开关网络，所述第一开关网络和所述第二开关网络根据占空比、频率、同步、移相等因素进行恒频、恒宽开环控制；和/或Further, the constant-voltage charging control method is: within the normal working range of the high-frequency isolation converter, through the double-loop control of the voltage outer loop and the current inner loop, the high-voltage side feedback voltage is compared with a given voltage value, and the voltage value error is determined. Enter the voltage loop PI controller, its output is the feedback current, the given current value is compared with the feedback current, the current value error enters the current loop PI controller, the output value enters the PWM generator to form PWM3, and is isolated amplifying to drive a third switching network, and the first switching network and the second switching network perform constant frequency and constant width open-loop control according to duty cycle, frequency, synchronization, and shifting factors; and/or
所述恒流充电控制方式为：通过采用电流内环，反馈电流与给定电流值和低压侧电源SOC状态的综合值进行比较，电流值误差进入所述电流环PI控制器，其输出值进入所述PWM发生器形成PWM3，经隔离放大来驱动所述第三开关网络，所述第一开关网络和所述第二开关网络根据占空比、频率、同步、移相等因素进行恒频、恒宽开环控制；和/或The constant current charging control method is: by using the current inner loop, the feedback current is compared with the given current value and the comprehensive value of the low-voltage side power supply SOC state, the current value error enters the current loop PI controller, and the output value enters the current loop PI controller. The PWM generator forms PWM3, which is isolated and amplified to drive the third switching network, and the first switching network and the second switching network perform constant frequency and constant frequency according to duty cycle, frequency, synchronization, and phase shift factors. wide open loop control; and/or
所述恒低压充电控制方式为：通过电压外环电流内环的双环控制，低压侧反馈电压与给定电压值进行比较，电压值误差进入所述电压环PI控制器，其输出作为反馈电流，给定电流值与反馈电流进行比较，电流值误差进入所述电流环PI控制器，其输出值进入所述PWM发生器形成PWM3，经隔离放大来驱动所述第三开关网络，所述第一开关网络和所述第二开关网络根据占空比、频率、同步、移相等因素进行恒频、恒宽开环控制。The constant low voltage charging control method is: through the double-loop control of the voltage outer loop and the current inner loop, the low-voltage side feedback voltage is compared with a given voltage value, the voltage value error enters the voltage loop PI controller, and its output is used as the feedback current, The given current value is compared with the feedback current, the current value error enters the current loop PI controller, and its output value enters the PWM generator to form PWM3, which is isolated and amplified to drive the third switching network, the first The switch network and the second switch network perform constant-frequency and constant-width open-loop control according to duty cycle, frequency, synchronization, and phase shift factors.
本发明实施例的上述技术方案具有如下有益的技术效果：The above-mentioned technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial technical effects:
通过采用级联结构将低压侧与高压侧的电压的增益比例灵活，解决了现有单级双向隔离DC/DC变换器电压传输比小，以及单级BUCK/BOOST的隔离与占空比接近1的问题，其增益可根据需要灵活变换调节，实现了双向能量流动多模式控制方式以及高增益功率变换和高频电气隔离。By adopting the cascade structure, the gain ratio of the voltage on the low-voltage side and the high-voltage side is flexible, which solves the problem that the voltage transfer ratio of the existing single-stage bidirectional isolated DC/DC converter is small, and the isolation and duty cycle of the single-stage buck/boost is close to 1. The gain can be flexibly adjusted according to the needs, realizing the multi-mode control mode of bidirectional energy flow, high-gain power conversion and high-frequency electrical isolation.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例提供的高增益高频隔离双向级联DC/DC变换器电路原理图；1 is a circuit schematic diagram of a high-gain, high-frequency isolation bidirectional cascaded DC/DC converter provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例提供的高增益高频隔离双向级联DC/DC变换器控制方法流程图；2 is a flowchart of a control method for a high-gain, high-frequency isolation bidirectional cascaded DC/DC converter provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例提供的高增益高频隔离双向级联DC/DC变换器逻辑示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic logical diagram of a high-gain, high-frequency isolation bidirectional cascaded DC/DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明了，下面结合具体实施方式并参照附图，对本发明进一步详细说明。应该理解，这些描述只是示例性的，而并非要限制本发明的范围。此外，在以下说明中，省略了对公知结构和技术的描述，以避免不必要地混淆本发明的概念。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Also, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concepts of the present invention.
图1是本发明实施例提供的高增益高频隔离双向级联DC/DC变换器电路原理图。FIG. 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of a high-gain, high-frequency isolation bidirectional cascaded DC/DC converter provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
请参照图1，本发明实施例的第一方面提供了一种高增益高频隔离双向级联DC/DC变换器，包括：级联连接的第一级联模块和第二级联模块，第一级联模块的另一端与低压侧电源连接，第二级联模块另一端与高压侧电源连接；第一级联模块包括：依次串联级联的第一电容C1、第一开关网络单元、第一谐振网络单元或第一隔直网络单元、高频隔离变压器、第二谐振网络单元或第二隔直网络单元、第二网络开关单元，其中，第一谐振网络单元与第二谐振网络单元相对应，第一隔直网络单元与第一隔直网络单元相对应；第二级联模块包括：依次串联级联的第二电容C2、第三开关网络单元和第三电容C3，第三网络开关单元和第三电容C3之间串联有第三电感。第一电容C1为输入滤波电容，第二电容C2为输入滤波电容，Referring to FIG. 1 , a first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a high-gain, high-frequency isolation bidirectional cascaded DC/DC converter, including: a first cascaded module and a second cascaded module connected in cascade, a first cascaded module and a second cascaded module. The other end of the cascading module is connected to the low-voltage side power supply, and the other end of the second cascading module is connected to the high-voltage side power supply; the first cascading module includes: a first capacitor C1, a first switching network unit, a first A resonant network unit or a first DC-blocking network unit, a high-frequency isolation transformer, a second resonance network unit or a second DC-blocking network unit, a second network switch unit, wherein the first resonance network unit is in phase with the second resonance network unit Correspondingly, the first DC-blocking network unit corresponds to the first DC-blocking network unit; the second cascading module includes: a second capacitor C2, a third switch network unit and a third capacitor C3 connected in series in sequence, and a third network switch A third inductor is connected in series between the unit and the third capacitor C3. The first capacitor C1 is an input filter capacitor, the second capacitor C2 is an input filter capacitor,
第一级联模块主要实现电源1和电源2之间的高频隔离，同时高频隔离变压器的变比实现一次升压倍数N1，第二级联模块同样实现一次升压倍数N2。因此主电路拓扑能够实现高增益，其增益N＝N1*N2。高频隔离通过采用高频隔离变压器；第一开关网络通过谐振网络或隔直网络和高频隔离变压器与第二开关网络串联级联，第二开关网络与第三开关网络串联级联。The first cascade module mainly realizes high-frequency isolation between power supply 1 and power supply 2, and the transformation ratio of the high-frequency isolation transformer realizes a boost multiple N1, and the second cascade module also implements a boost multiple N2. Therefore, the main circuit topology can achieve high gain, and its gain N=N1*N2. High-frequency isolation is achieved by using a high-frequency isolation transformer; the first switch network is connected in series with the second switch network through a resonance network or a DC blocking network and a high-frequency isolation transformer, and the second switch network is connected in series with the third switch network.
具体的，第一开关网络单元、第二开关网络单元和/或第三开关网络单元为功率开关管。Specifically, the first switch network unit, the second switch network unit and/or the third switch network unit are power switch tubes.
可选的，第一开关网络单元和/或第二开关网络单元为全桥结构或半桥结构。Optionally, the first switch network unit and/or the second switch network unit is a full-bridge structure or a half-bridge structure.
具体的，第一谐振网络单元和第二谐振网络单元的驱动控制方式为PFM调频控制；或，第一隔直网络单元和第二隔直网络单元的驱动控制方式为PWM脉宽调制。Specifically, the driving control mode of the first resonance network unit and the second resonance network unit is PFM frequency modulation control; or, the driving control mode of the first DC blocking network unit and the second DC blocking network unit is PWM pulse width modulation.
可选的，第一谐振网络单元与第一开关网络单元和高频隔离变压器形成LC串联谐振、LC并联谐振、LCC串并联谐振、LLC串并联谐振、CLLC谐振或CLLLC谐振；和/或，第二谐振网络单元与高频隔离变压器和第二开关网络单元形成LC串联谐振、LC并联谐振、LCC串并联谐振、LLC串并联谐振、CLLC谐振或CLLLC谐振。Optionally, the first resonant network unit forms LC series resonance, LC parallel resonance, LCC series-parallel resonance, LLC series-parallel resonance, CLLC resonance or CLLLC resonance with the first switching network unit and the high-frequency isolation transformer; and/or, the first The second resonance network unit forms LC series resonance, LC parallel resonance, LCC series-parallel resonance, LLC series-parallel resonance, CLLC resonance or CLLLC resonance with the high-frequency isolation transformer and the second switching network unit.
具体的，第一隔直网络单元和第二隔直网络单元包括隔直电感。当第一开关网络单元和第二开关网络单元均为全桥结构时，第一隔直网络单元和第二隔直网络与第一开关网络单元、第二开关网络单元和高频隔离变压器形成双主动全桥变换器。Specifically, the first DC blocking network unit and the second DC blocking network unit include a DC blocking inductor. When the first switching network unit and the second switching network unit are both full-bridge structures, the first DC blocking network unit and the second DC blocking network, the first switching network unit, the second switching network unit and the high-frequency isolation transformer form a dual Active full bridge converter.
可选的，第一隔直网络单元和/或第二隔直网络的驱动控制方式为单移相控制、双移相控制或三移相控制。Optionally, the driving control mode of the first DC blocking network unit and/or the second DC blocking network is single-phase-shift control, double-phase-shift control or triple-phase-shift control.
具体的，第三开关网络单元为双向BUCK/BOOST拓扑结果。此外，第三开关网络单元的驱动方式为BOOST控制、BUCK控制或BUCK/BOOST控制。Specifically, the third switch network unit is a bidirectional BUCK/BOOST topology result. In addition, the driving mode of the third switch network unit is BOOST control, BUCK control or BUCK/BOOST control.
图2是本发明实施例提供的高增益高频隔离双向级联DC/DC变换器控制方法流程图。FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a control method for a high-gain, high-frequency isolation bidirectional cascaded DC/DC converter provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图3是本发明实施例提供的高增益高频隔离双向级联DC/DC变换器逻辑示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic logical diagram of a high-gain, high-frequency isolation bidirectional cascaded DC/DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
相应地，请参照图2和图3，本发明实施例的第二方面提供了一种高增益高频隔离双向级联DC/DC变换器控制方法，用于控制上述任一高增益高频隔离双向级联DC/DC变换器，包括如下步骤：Correspondingly, referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a high-gain high-frequency isolation bidirectional cascaded DC/DC converter control method for controlling any of the above-mentioned high-gain high-frequency isolation The bidirectional cascaded DC/DC converter includes the following steps:
S100，当由高增益高频隔离双向级联DC/DC变换器的低压侧向其高压侧进行能量传递时，通过恒高压放电控制方式和恒流放电控制方式进行分阶段控制。S100, when energy is transferred from the low-voltage side of the high-gain, high-frequency isolation bidirectional cascaded DC/DC converter to its high-voltage side, staged control is performed through a constant-voltage discharge control method and a constant-current discharge control method.
S200，当由高增益高频隔离双向级联DC/DC变换器的高压侧向其低压侧进行能量传递时，通过恒高压充电控制方式、恒流充电控制方式和恒低压充电控制方式进行分阶段控制。S200, when energy is transferred from the high-voltage side of the high-gain high-frequency isolation bidirectional cascaded DC/DC converter to its low-voltage side, it is staged by constant high voltage charging control mode, constant current charging control mode and constant low voltage charging control mode control.
具体的，恒高压放电控制方式为：通过电压外环电流内环的双环控制，使高压侧反馈电压值U3与给定电压值U3ref进行比较，电压值误差进入电压环PI控制器，其输出为反馈电流i3，给定电流值i3ref与反馈电流i3进行比较，电流值误差进入电流环PI控制器，其输出值进入PWM发生器形成PWM3，经隔离放大来驱动第三开关网络，第一开关网络和第二开关网络根据占空比、频率、同步、移相等因素进行恒频、恒宽开环控制。和/或，恒流放电控制方式为：通过采用电流内环，反馈电流i3与给定电流值i3ref和低压侧电源SOC状态的综合值进行比较，电流值误差进入电流环PI控制器，其输出值进入PWM发生器形成PWM3，经隔离放大来驱动第三开关网络，第一开关网络和第二开关网络根据占空比、频率、同步、移相等因素进行恒频、恒宽开环控制。Specifically, the constant voltage discharge control method is: through the double-loop control of the voltage outer loop and the current inner loop, the high-voltage side feedback voltage value U3 is compared with the given voltage value U3ref , and the voltage value error enters the voltage loop PI controller, which The output is the feedback current i 3 , the given current value i 3ref is compared with the feedback current i 3 , the current value error enters the current loop PI controller, and the output value enters the PWM generator to form PWM3, which is isolated and amplified to drive the third switching network , the first switching network and the second switching network perform constant-frequency and constant-width open-loop control according to the factors of duty cycle, frequency, synchronization, and phase shift. And/or, the constant current discharge control method is: by using the current inner loop, the feedback current i3 is compared with the given current value i3ref and the comprehensive value of the low-voltage side power supply SOC state, the current value error enters the current loop PI controller, Its output value enters the PWM generator to form PWM3, which is isolated and amplified to drive the third switching network. The first switching network and the second switching network perform constant frequency and constant width open-loop control according to the factors of duty cycle, frequency, synchronization and shifting. .
具体的，恒高压充电控制方式为：在高频隔离变换器正常工作的范围内，通过电压外环电流内环的双环控制，高压侧反馈电压U3与给定电压值U3ref进行比较，电压值误差进入电压环PI控制器，其输出为反馈电流i3，给定电流值i3ref与反馈电流i3进行比较，电流值误差进入电流环PI控制器，输出值进入PWM发生器形成PWM3，经隔离放大来驱动第三开关网络，第一开关网络和第二开关网络根据占空比、频率、同步、移相等因素进行恒频、恒宽开环控制。和/或，恒流充电控制方式为：通过采用电流内环，反馈电流i3与给定电流值i3ref和低压侧电源SOC状态的综合值进行比较，电流值误差进入电流环PI控制器，其输出值进入PWM发生器形成PWM3，经隔离放大来驱动第三开关网络，第一开关网络和第二开关网络根据占空比、频率、同步、移相等因素进行恒频、恒宽开环控制。和/或，恒低压充电控制方式为：通过电压外环电流内环的双环控制，低压侧反馈电压U1与给定电压值U1ref进行比较，电压值误差进入电压环PI控制器，其输出作为反馈电流i1，给定电流值i1ref与反馈电流i1进行比较，电流值误差进入电流环PI控制器，其输出值进入PWM发生器形成PWM3，经隔离放大来驱动第三开关网络，第一开关网络和第二开关网络根据占空比、频率、同步、移相等因素进行恒频、恒宽开环控制。Specifically, the constant-voltage charging control method is: within the normal working range of the high-frequency isolation converter, through the double-loop control of the voltage outer loop and the current inner loop, the high-voltage side feedback voltage U 3 is compared with a given voltage value U 3ref , and the voltage The value error enters the voltage loop PI controller, and its output is the feedback current i 3 , the given current value i 3ref is compared with the feedback current i 3 , the current value error enters the current loop PI controller, and the output value enters the PWM generator to form PWM3, The third switch network is driven by isolation and amplification, and the first switch network and the second switch network perform constant frequency and constant width open-loop control according to duty cycle, frequency, synchronization, and phase shift factors. And/or, the constant current charging control method is: by using the current inner loop, the feedback current i3 is compared with the given current value i3ref and the comprehensive value of the SOC state of the low-voltage side power supply, and the current value error enters the current loop PI controller, Its output value enters the PWM generator to form PWM3, which is isolated and amplified to drive the third switching network. The first switching network and the second switching network perform constant frequency and constant width open-loop control according to the factors of duty cycle, frequency, synchronization and shifting. . And/or, the constant low voltage charging control method is: through the double-loop control of the voltage outer loop and the current inner loop, the low-voltage side feedback voltage U1 is compared with the given voltage value U 1ref , the voltage value error enters the voltage loop PI controller, and its output is used as The feedback current i 1 , the given current value i 1ref is compared with the feedback current i 1 , the current value error enters the current loop PI controller, and its output value enters the PWM generator to form PWM3, which is isolated and amplified to drive the third switching network. The first switch network and the second switch network perform constant frequency and constant width open-loop control according to duty cycle, frequency, synchronization, and phase shift factors.
本发明与常规高频隔离双向DC/DC变换器和控制方法相比较，具有高增益性，采用级联结构将低压侧与高压侧的电压的增益比例灵活提高变化，避免了单独高频隔离变压器的大N1。解决Boost变换器，当输入和输出电压相差很大时，占空比接近于1，升压电感电流纹波很大，开关管关断电流也很大，使变换效率较低的问题及隔离问题；另外，当占空比接近于1时，变换器的动态性能将受影响。同时可以将此思路运用到电池与电网的互动，低压侧可以为不同电压等级的不同类型电池，高压侧可以通过DC/AC变流器连接电网，第一级与第二级的位置根据需要可以进行调整。本发明实施例旨在保护一种高增益高频隔离双向级联DC/DC变换器及其控制方法，其中变换器包括：级联连接的第一级联模块和第二级联模块，第一级联模块的另一端与低压侧电源连接，第二级联模块另一端与高压侧电源连接；第一级联模块包括：依次串联级联的第一电容、第一开关网络单元、第一谐振网络单元或第一隔直网络单元、高频隔离变压器、第二谐振网络单元或第二隔直网络单元、第二网络开关单元，其中，第一谐振网络单元与第二谐振网络单元相对应，第一隔直网络单元与第一隔直网络单元相对应；第二级联模块包括：依次串联级联的第二电容、第三开关网络单元和第三电容，第三网络开关单元和第三电容之间串联有第三电感。上述技术方案具备如下效果：Compared with the conventional high-frequency isolation bidirectional DC/DC converter and control method, the present invention has high gain, and adopts the cascade structure to flexibly increase and change the gain ratio of the voltage on the low-voltage side and the high-voltage side, avoiding the need for a separate high-frequency isolation transformer. The big N1. To solve the problem of boost converter, when the input and output voltages are very different, the duty cycle is close to 1, the current ripple of the boost inductor is large, and the switch-off current is also large, resulting in low conversion efficiency and isolation problems. ; In addition, when the duty cycle is close to 1, the dynamic performance of the converter will be affected. At the same time, this idea can be applied to the interaction between the battery and the power grid. The low-voltage side can be different types of batteries with different voltage levels, and the high-voltage side can be connected to the power grid through a DC/AC converter. make adjustments. The embodiment of the present invention aims to protect a high-gain, high-frequency isolation bidirectional cascaded DC/DC converter and a control method thereof, wherein the converter includes: a first cascaded module and a second cascaded module connected in cascade, the first cascaded module and the second cascaded module are connected in cascade. The other end of the cascading module is connected to the low-voltage side power supply, and the other end of the second cascading module is connected to the high-voltage side power supply; the first cascading module includes: a first capacitor, a first switch network unit, a first resonator, and a first capacitor connected in series in sequence. a network unit or a first DC-blocking network unit, a high-frequency isolation transformer, a second resonant network unit or a second DC-blocking network unit, and a second network switch unit, wherein the first resonance network unit corresponds to the second resonance network unit, The first DC-blocking network unit corresponds to the first DC-blocking network unit; the second cascade module includes: a second capacitor, a third switch network unit and a third capacitor, a third network switch unit and a third A third inductor is connected in series between the capacitors. The above technical solution has the following effects:
通过采用级联结构将低压侧与高压侧的电压的增益比例灵活，解决了现有单级双向隔离DC/DC变换器电压传输比小，以及单级BUCK/BOOST的隔离与占空比接近1的问题，其增益可根据需要灵活变换调节，实现了双向能量流动多模式控制方式以及高增益功率变换和高频电气隔离。By adopting the cascade structure, the gain ratio of the voltage on the low-voltage side and the high-voltage side is flexible, which solves the problem that the voltage transfer ratio of the existing single-stage bidirectional isolated DC/DC converter is small, and the isolation and duty cycle of the single-stage buck/boost is close to 1. The gain can be flexibly adjusted according to the needs, realizing the multi-mode control mode of bidirectional energy flow, high-gain power conversion and high-frequency electrical isolation.
应当理解的是，本发明的上述具体实施方式仅仅用于示例性说明或解释本发明的原理，而不构成对本发明的限制。因此，在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的情况下所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。此外，本发明所附权利要求旨在涵盖落入所附权利要求范围和边界、或者这种范围和边界的等同形式内的全部变化和修改例。It should be understood that the above-mentioned specific embodiments of the present invention are only used to illustrate or explain the principle of the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the appended claims of this invention are intended to cover all changes and modifications that fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims, or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.
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