CN112237161A

CN112237161A - High-density aquaculture equipment

Info

Publication number: CN112237161A
Application number: CN202011185097.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 肖双华
Original assignee: Hunan Ping'an Sannong Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Hunan Ping'an Sannong Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-10-29
Filing date: 2020-10-29
Publication date: 2021-01-19

Abstract

The invention aims to provide high-density aquaculture equipment capable of adjusting water temperature and improving aquaculture density. Culturing aquatic animals in the upper culture layer, pumping water from a water layer at a depth below the upper culture layer, conveying the water to the upper culture layer, flowing out after flowing through the upper culture layer, and taking out the culture solid waste generated by the upper culture layer; the water flow flowing out from the upper layer cultivation layer is injected into the lower layer cultivation layer below the upper layer cultivation layer, and the cultivation solid waste generated by the upper layer cultivation layer brought out is used as feed for aquatic animals cultivated by the lower layer cultivation layer.

Description

High-density aquaculture equipment

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of aquatic animal breeding.

Background

With the rapid development of the economic society, the current water conservancy fishery is developed towards a new technology and a new strain, the advantages of southern water resources are fully exerted, scientific development and observation are practiced, the famous and special-quality variety is vigorously developed, the new strain is used for guiding consumption, and the requirements of high-consumption groups are met by the famous and precious strain. Therefore, the sturgeon culture technology converts the common extensive type into the fine super-excellent type, the high-tech type and the environment-friendly type, and converts the original wild fish population into the artificially cultured high-quality fish population through the artificial domestication technology, so that a wide space and a wide way are provided for the expansion, survival and multiplication of the endangered old species, the flower and color varieties of the southern aquatic animal market are enriched, the different requirements of different levels of the population on the consumption grade can be met, and considerable economic benefits can be brought to the fishery.

SUMMARY OF THE PATENT FOR INVENTION

The invention aims to provide high-density aquaculture equipment which can adjust water temperature and improve aquaculture density, and is energy-saving and environment-friendly.

In order to achieve the purpose of the invention patent, the invention patent provides high-density aquaculture equipment, which comprises an upper culture layer and a bottom water circulating device, wherein the upper culture layer is provided with a water inlet;

the upper layer cultivation layer comprises an upper layer cultivation layer bottom surface and an upper layer cultivation layer peripheral surface, the lower edge of the upper layer cultivation layer peripheral surface is connected with the upper layer cultivation layer bottom surface, the upper edge of the upper layer cultivation layer peripheral surface is higher than the water surface, and an upper layer cultivation layer boundary separated from an external water area is formed by the upper layer cultivation layer bottom surface and the upper layer cultivation layer peripheral surface;

the bottom surface of the upper layer cultivation layer and two opposite side surfaces in the circumferential surface of the upper layer cultivation layer are of watertight structures, a water channel for water to pass through is formed by the bottom surface of the upper layer cultivation layer and the two opposite side surfaces in the circumferential surface of the upper layer cultivation layer, at least one end of the water channel is provided with a water channel outlet, the water channel outlet is provided with a water permeable port, the aperture size of the water permeable port of the water channel outlet is used for obstructing the cultivated aquatic animals, but the aquatic animals can pass through solid cultivation waste generated by the upper layer cultivation layer;

the bottom water circulating device comprises a water inlet, a water conveying mechanism and a water outlet along the water flow direction, the water inlet is positioned below the bottom surface of the upper breeding layer, and the water outlet is used for supplying water to the upper breeding layer.

Preferably, the depth of the water inlet is adjustable.

Preferably, the water channel outlet is located on the circumferential surface of the upper layer cultivation layer, the circumferential surface of the upper layer cultivation layer corresponding to the water outlet is of a net surface structure, and the net holes of the upper layer cultivation layer are water permeable openings of the water channel outlet.

Preferably, the high-density aquaculture equipment further comprises a lower layer culture layer, wherein the lower layer culture layer is positioned below the upper layer culture layer and comprises a lower layer culture layer side surface and a lower layer culture layer bottom surface, the lower layer culture layer side surface, the lower layer culture layer bottom surface and the upper layer culture layer bottom surface jointly form a lower layer culture layer boundary for blocking cultured aquatic animals from passing through, and water flowing out of the water channel outlet is injected into the lower layer culture layer;

the side surface of the lower layer cultivation layer and the bottom surface of the lower layer cultivation layer are provided with meshes, and the meshes on the bottom surface of the lower layer cultivation layer can accommodate solid cultivation waste generated by the lower layer cultivation layer to pass through;

more preferably, a collecting net is arranged below the lower cultivation layer, and meshes on the bottom surface of the collecting net are used for blocking aquatic animal excrement and solid debris generated in the lower cultivation layer from passing through.

More preferably, the bottom of the collecting net is provided with a foldable opening, the middle section or the rear section of the collecting net is provided with a folding structure for folding the collecting net, a waste collecting cabin is formed between the folding structure and the opening at the bottom of the collecting net when the collecting net is folded, and the length of the collecting net can be used for lifting the folding structure to the water surface.

Particularly preferably, the upper layer cultivation layer, the lower layer cultivation layer and the collection net are connected with floating balls for positioning.

Preferably, a ceiling is arranged at the top of the upper cultivation layer.

Preferably, the water circulation device further comprises an aerator, and the aerator is used for increasing the dissolved oxygen of the water flowing out of the water outlet.

Preferably, the water circulation device further comprises an ultraviolet disinfection mechanism, and the ultraviolet disinfection mechanism is used for disinfecting the water body by ultraviolet irradiation.

According to the invention, water is pumped from the deep layer, the water temperature in the upper culture layer is adjusted and circulated by utilizing the characteristics that the water temperature of the deep layer water is different from that of the surface layer water and the water temperature of the deep layer water is stable, so that the water temperature of the upper culture layer is effectively adjusted, the water in the upper culture layer is also circulated and updated, the water quality is improved, the culture density is improved, the diseases of cultured aquatic animals are avoided, the aquatic animals with higher requirements on the culture water temperature can be cultured, additional refrigeration equipment and the like are not needed, the energy consumption and the cost are effectively reduced, and the energy is saved and the environment is protected.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a high density aquaculture apparatus according to the embodiments of this invention 1;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a high density aquaculture apparatus according to the embodiments of the present invention shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an upper layer structure of a high density aquaculture apparatus according to the embodiments of the present invention 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a high density aquaculture apparatus upper farming level configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of an "L-shaped" upper aquaculture level structure of a high density aquaculture apparatus according to the preferred embodiment of this invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of a "Y-shaped" upper aquaculture level structure of a high density aquaculture apparatus according to the preferred embodiment of this invention shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an upper layer structure of a high density aquaculture apparatus according to the embodiments of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

an upper culture layer 10; the bottom surface 13 of the upper culture layer; upper culture

layer side rails

14 and 15; a front rail 11 of an upper cultivation layer; the back end 12 of the upper culture layer; mesh 121; a water channel 18; a waterway outlet 181; a waterway side 182; a water channel 19; a lower cultivation layer 20; the side surface 21 of the lower cultivation layer; a lower cultivation layer bottom surface 22; a baffle 23; a collector layer 30; a collection net 31; a first collection net 311; a second collection web 312; a waste collection bin 32; an opening 313; a furling structure 314; a water inlet 42; a water delivery mechanism 41; a water outlet 43; an aerator 44; solid farming waste 51 generated from the upper farming layer; solid farming waste 52 produced by the lower farming bed; a floating ball 60; a pull cord 61; a sandbag 62; an ultraviolet lamp tube 63; aquatic animals 81 cultured in the upper culture layer; aquatic animals 82 cultured in the lower culture layer; the water level L0 of the water surface outside the upper culture layer; water level L1 in the upper cultivation layer.

Detailed Description

In order to explain technical contents, structural features, and objects and effects of the present invention in detail, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment provides a high-density aquaculture apparatus, and the aquaculture system can be installed in water areas such as lakes, reservoirs, rivers or oceans, and can be used for aquaculture of aquatic animals such as fish, shrimp, crab, etc.

The culture system comprises an upper culture layer 10 and a bottom water circulation device.

In one embodiment, the upper cultivation layer is a rectangular body with an open top, and includes an upper cultivation layer bottom 13, upper cultivation

layer side rails

14 and 15, an upper cultivation layer front rail 11, and an upper cultivation layer rear rail 12.

The upper layer cultivation layer front rail 11, the upper layer cultivation

layer side rails

14 and 15 and the upper layer cultivation layer rear rail 12 are enclosed to form an upper layer cultivation layer peripheral surface, namely the peripheral surface of a rectangular body, the upper layer cultivation

layer side rails

14 and 15 are two longer opposite surfaces in the peripheral surface of the rectangular body, the upper layer cultivation layer front rail 11 and the upper layer cultivation layer rear rail 12 are two shorter opposite surfaces of the rectangular body, the peripheral surface of the upper layer cultivation layer is connected with the upper layer cultivation layer bottom surface 13, and the upper edge of the upper layer cultivation layer is higher than the water surface (as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the water surface outside the upper layer cultivation layer is located on a horizontal plane L0); so that the aquatic animals 81 (fishes, etc.) cultured in the upper culture layer cannot enter the external water area through the upper edge upstream of the peripheral surface of the upper culture layer, and other organisms such as fishes in the external water area cannot enter the upper culture layer 10 through the upper edge upstream thereof.

As shown in fig. 4, the structure of the upper cultivation layer is as follows: the bottom surface 13 of the upper culture layer and the

side rails

14 and 15 of the upper culture layer can be plastic films or a layer of plastic film is added on a permeable net surface structure to form a water-tight structure, the bottom surface of the upper culture layer and the side rails of the upper culture layer enclose and block the upper culture layer into a water channel 18 for water to pass through, the tail end of the water channel is a water channel outlet 181, the water channel outlet 181 is positioned at one end of the water channel far away from the front rail 11 of the upper culture layer, the water channel outlet 181 is provided with water permeable holes, the pore diameter of the water permeable holes of the water channel outlet can block aquatic animals 81 cultured by the upper culture layer, but can pass through solid culture waste 51 generated by the upper culture layer; in addition to the water holes at the outlet 181, in some embodiments, the water holes may be formed by water-permeable bars, in short, the water holes or the bar-shaped holes may be formed by blocking the aquatic animals 81 cultured in the upper layer, but passing the solid waste 51 generated in the upper layer.

The front rail 11 of the upper cultivation layer can be set to be a watertight structure so as to facilitate the directional flow of water flow.

In some embodiments, the upper layer cultivation layer rear rail 12 is a net surface, the water outlet is located on the upper layer cultivation layer rear rail, the net holes 121 on the net surface are water permeable holes, as shown by the arrow in fig. 1, the water flow of the upper layer cultivation layer directly flows out from the upper layer cultivation layer net surface, and simultaneously brings out the solid cultivation waste 51 generated in the upper layer cultivation layer, such as fish feces, food residues and the like, but the cultivated fish, shrimp, crab and the like cannot swim out of the upper layer cultivation layer 10 because the net holes 121 on the net surface of the rear rail are smaller than the aquatic animals 81 cultivated in the upper layer cultivation layer.

In order to facilitate the flow of water, the water level L1 in the upper culture layer is set to be higher than the water level L0 outside the upper culture layer in the embodiment.

Of course, as shown in fig. 2, in other embodiments, the waterway outlet 181 may be disposed on the bottom surface 13 of the first culture layer near the back rail 12.

The bottom water circulating device comprises a water inlet 42, a water delivery mechanism 41 and a water outlet 43 along the water flow direction, the water inlet 42 is positioned below the bottom surface 13 of the upper cultivation layer, the water outlet 43 is used for supplying water to a water channel 18 enclosed by the bottom surface 13 of the upper cultivation layer and the

side rails

14 and 15 of the upper cultivation layer, and the distance between the water outlet 43 and the front rail 11 of the upper cultivation layer is smaller than the distance between the water outlet 43 and the rear rail 12 of the first cultivation layer. The water delivery mechanism 41 may be a conventional water pump that pumps low temperature water from the bottom layer below the water surface up through the water inlet and into the upper layer 10 through the water outlet 43.

In some embodiments, in winter, the water pump pumps up the high-temperature water under the bottom water surface from the water inlet and inputs the high-temperature water into the upper cultivation layer 10 through the water outlet 43.

In other embodiments, the structure of the upper cultivation layer may be changed as desired, for example:

as shown in fig. 3, similar to the above embodiment, the upper layer cultivation layer is still configured as a rectangular body, but the water outlet 43 of the bottom layer water circulation device is located in the middle of the rectangular body in the length direction, the front rail and the rear rail are both configured as net surfaces, the front rail 11 of the upper layer cultivation layer, and the net surfaces of the rear rail 12 of the upper layer cultivation layer are respectively provided with

net holes

111, 121, as shown by arrows, the water flow direction of the upper layer cultivation layer flows from the middle to both ends.

Besides, the upper cultivation layer can be arranged in an L shape (see fig. 5), a Y shape (see fig. 6), a cross shape, etc. similar to the above embodiment, the water outlet 43 of the bottom water circulation device is located in the middle of the upper cultivation layer, and water flows from the middle to the water outlet 181 arranged at the end of the L shape, the Y shape and the cross shape, and the water flow direction is as shown by the arrow in the figure.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the upper cultivation layer has a plurality of side-by-side channels 18, each of which is in communication with a channel 19 through which water is supplied from the water outlet 43. An ultraviolet lamp 63 is arranged in the water channel 19, and the ultraviolet lamp 63 carries out ultraviolet irradiation disinfection on the water body flowing through the water channel. Also, the aerator 44 may be disposed in the raceway 19.

Therefore, in each embodiment, the two opposite side surfaces of the bottom surface of the upper layer cultivation layer and the peripheral surface of the upper layer cultivation layer in the upper layer cultivation layer are of a watertight structure, the two opposite side surfaces of the bottom surface of the upper layer cultivation layer and the peripheral surface of the upper layer cultivation layer form a water channel 18 for water to pass through, the two opposite side surfaces of the peripheral surface of the upper layer cultivation layer are water channel side surfaces 182, and at least one end of the water channel is provided with a water channel outlet 181 which can be supplied with water through the bottom water circulation device to form water flow in the upper layer cultivation layer.

In order to meet the requirement of high-density cultivation in the upper cultivation layer, the water circulation device further comprises an aerator 44, and the aerator is used for increasing the dissolved oxygen of the water flowing out of the water outlet and further increasing the dissolved oxygen in the water in the upper cultivation layer or is arranged in the upper cultivation layer and directly increases the dissolved oxygen in the water in the upper cultivation layer. As shown in figure 1, the negative pressure water lifting, oxygen increasing and aeration functions can be realized by arranging the oxygen increasing machine.

In order to be able to pump the bottom water at different temperatures, the depth of the water inlet 42 is adjustable in some embodiments. For example, to draw water at a lower temperature, the depth of the water intake can be adjusted to be deeper, since deeper water generally has a lower temperature. Conversely, the water inlet depth is adjusted to be shallow. In a word, the water inlet of adjustable degree of depth can satisfy the needs of different inlet temperature more nimble, and the real-time temperature of breeding required temperature and upper strata culture layer determines the water inlet degree of depth according to actual water layer temperature, breed. In some embodiments, the depth adjustment structure may be a sleeve or hose, or may be an elongated conduit structure that may be docked.

In addition, the water supply unit of the water delivery mechanism can be set to meet the requirements of water temperature regulation and water quality regulation.

When the water quality is deteriorated, the power of the water delivery mechanism can be increased, a large amount of fresh water can be supplied, the water flow speed in the water channel is accelerated, and poor water quality is discharged. Or when the water temperature is too high, the power of the water delivery mechanism can be increased to supply a large amount of low-temperature water, so that the water temperature of the upper culture layer is reduced.

Sturgeons, salmon or other fishes with high economic value can be cultivated in the upper cultivation layer, the water body exchange amount is twice per hour by taking the sturgeons as an example, the cultivation density of the sturgeons is increased to 20-40 kg/m3 from 4.0-5.0 kg/m3 of the original net cage cultivation, and high yield is achieved.

Due to high-density cultivation, a large amount of solid cultivation waste can be generated in the upper cultivation layer, including excrement of aquatic animals in the upper cultivation layer, food and feed residues left after the aquatic animals cannot be eaten in time, and when the aquatic animals with higher economic value are cultivated, the solid cultivation waste generally contains higher heat, and if the solid cultivation waste is directly discharged into a water body from a water channel outlet, the solid cultivation waste not only causes great waste, but also easily causes water body pollution, and generates adverse consequences such as water body eutrophication.

To overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks, in some embodiments, a high-density aquaculture apparatus further comprises a lower cultivation layer, wherein the second cultivation layer 20 is located below the upper cultivation layer 10, and comprises a lower cultivation layer side surface 21, a lower cultivation layer bottom surface 22, and an upper cultivation layer bottom surface 13, which together form a lower cultivation layer boundary for blocking aquatic animals 82 cultured in the lower cultivation layer from passing through, and a water flow flowing out from the water channel outlet 181 is injected into the lower cultivation layer 20;

in order to form variable water flow when the water flow reserved in the upper culture layer and the entrained solid culture waste 51 generated by the upper culture layer flow into the lower culture layer 20, the solid culture waste 51 generated by the upper culture layer is uniformly brought into the lower culture layer through disturbed water flow, a baffle 23 is arranged at the outlet of the water channel of the lower culture layer, and the water flow flowing out of the upper culture layer and the solid culture waste 51 generated by the upper culture layer are blocked to sink into the lower culture layer. In other embodiments, it is possible to eliminate the baffle because the mesh openings around the lower cultivation layer can prevent the solid cultivation waste 51 generated by the upper cultivation layer from penetrating.

In addition, in some embodiments, the water flowing out from the upper cultivation layer may be introduced into the lower cultivation layer 20 by providing a water conduit or the like.

The lower layer culture layer can be formed by surrounding polyethylene nets to culture cyprinid and omnivorous fishes, and the feed mainly comes from fish excrement and residual bait of the first layer, so that multi-species layering and energy circulation are realized.

The side surface of the lower layer cultivation layer and the bottom surface of the lower layer cultivation layer are provided with meshes, and the meshes on the bottom surface of the lower layer cultivation layer can accommodate the solid cultivation waste 52 generated by the lower layer cultivation layer to pass through;

in order to prevent the solid aquaculture waste 52 generated in the lower aquaculture layer from polluting the environment, a collecting net 31 is arranged below the lower aquaculture layer 20 to form a collecting layer 30, and meshes on the bottom surface of the collecting net are used for blocking the aquatic animal excrement and solid debris generated in the lower aquaculture layer from passing through. In some embodiments, the collecting net 31 is a funnel-shaped net structure, so as to recover waste residues and achieve the purpose of no pollution and environmental protection.

In order to facilitate the recovery of the waste residues collected in the collecting net, the bottom of the collecting net is provided with a foldable opening 313, the middle section or the rear section of the collecting net is provided with a folding structure 314 for folding the collecting net, a waste collecting cabin 32 is formed between the folding structure 314 and the opening 313 at the bottom of the collecting net when the collecting net is folded, and the collecting net 31 is connected with the sand bag 62 through a pull rope 61 to be fixed in position. For recovery, the collecting structure 314 and the bottom of the collecting net are connected to the float ball 60 by a pull cord 61, as shown in fig. 2, the length of the collecting net is such that the collecting net can be pulled up to the water surface, when collecting waste slag, the collecting structure is tightened by the pull cord, the collecting net is collected by the collecting structure, the waste slag is collected and positioned in the waste collecting cabin 32, then the tail end of the collecting net is lifted to the water surface by the pull cord, and the waste slag is discharged through the bottom opening 313 of the collecting net. The waste residue can be used as fertilizer.

Claims

1. A high-density aquaculture device is characterized by comprising an upper culture layer and a bottom water circulating device;

the bottom surface of the upper layer cultivation layer and two opposite side surfaces in the peripheral surface of the upper layer cultivation layer are of watertight structures, a water channel for water to pass through is formed by the bottom surface of the upper layer cultivation layer and two opposite side surfaces in the peripheral surface of the upper layer cultivation layer, at least one end of the water channel is provided with a water channel outlet, the water channel outlet is provided with a water permeable port, the size of the water permeable port can block the cultivated aquatic animals, but the aquatic animals can pass through solid cultivation waste generated by the upper layer cultivation layer;

2. A high density aquaculture apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said water inlet is adjustable in depth.

3. A high density aquaculture apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said water outlet is located on the perimeter of said upper aquaculture floor, said perimeter of said upper aquaculture floor being of a mesh configuration corresponding to said water outlet, said mesh being a water permeable port of said water outlet.

4. A high density aquaculture apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a lower aquaculture floor, said lower aquaculture floor being disposed below said upper aquaculture floor and including lower aquaculture floor sides and a lower aquaculture floor bottom, said lower aquaculture floor sides, said lower aquaculture floor bottom and said upper aquaculture floor bottom together defining a lower aquaculture floor boundary blocking passage of said cultured aquatic animals, said water stream from said waterway outlet being injected into said lower aquaculture floor;

the layer side is bred to the lower floor and the layer bottom surface is bred to the lower floor is equipped with the mesh, and the layer bottom surface mesh is bred to the lower floor can hold the produced solid breed waste matter of breeding the layer and pass through down.