CN112212845A - Two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument for vertical line - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument of a vertical line, which comprises two groups of optical devices with the same structure, wherein each group of optical devices comprises a light source of a parallel light beam, a CCD camera and two right-angle prisms, the light source emits the parallel light beam, the parallel light beam is incident from the bevel edge of the right-angle prism at an inclined angle and is emitted from the long right-angle edge of the right-angle prism to form a widened parallel light beam, the widened emitted light beam vertically irradiates on the right-angle edge of the other right-angle prism, the width of the light beam is compressed by the bevel edge of the right-angle prism to form a narrower parallel light beam to irradiate the CCD camera, the parallel light beams expanded by the two groups of optical devices are arranged in a crossed manner to form a measuring area, the parallel light beam emitted by the light source can form a larger measuring area after being expanded, meanwhile, the expanded light beam is compressed by the other right-angle, the structure and the size of the plumb line measuring instrument are reduced, and the measuring area is enlarged.

Description

A vertical line two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of measuring equipment, in particular to a vertical line two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument.

Background technique

The existing vertical line coordinate instrument has two structures: an imaging structure and a parallel light projection structure. The imaging structure is a dual-stereophotogrammetry structure. The imaging structure is illuminated by diffused background light. Two sets of line scan CCD cameras with the same structure can solve the XY coordinates in an image pair mode. The feature is that it can use a smaller lens and CCD to achieve The larger measuring range, the representative product is the structure type of the instrument produced by the French Electricity Transmission Agency (DRT) Grenoble Technical Improvement Service (DTG).

Referring to Figure 1, the parallel light projection structure consists of two sets of orthogonal light sources and light receiving devices. The point light source forms a parallel light field through a collimating lens. The light field is used as a measurement area. For shadow, a linear CCD image sensor is generally used as the sensing element, and the displacement value of the vertical line is obtained by measuring the shadow position; the length of the linear CCD sensing line commonly used in the parallel light projection structure is mostly 20-30mm, and the number of pixels is 300-30mm. 5000, if the pixel size is used as the sensitivity standard, the commonly used CCD can meet the measurement range of the vertical line meter above 100mm, but the beam compression system should be used at the receiving end, which will greatly lengthen the optical path. If the beam compression system is not used, it is necessary to Using multiple CCD elements, splicing is performed in the length direction, which complicates the circuit and structure.

The instrument thickness of the imaging structure is limited by the aperture of the collimating objective lens, which is generally larger than the aperture of the objective lens. In fact, the photosensitive pixel size of the linear array CCD is 5×200 microns, so there is basically no requirement for the thickness of the light field. Considering the needs of debugging, the thickness of 10mm is sufficient. Carry on. However, since the measurement range in the horizontal direction is generally 50-100mm, the diameter of the collimating mirror is correspondingly 60-120mm, resulting in the total thickness of the instrument not being lower than this value. To compress the thickness of the instrument, it is necessary to cut off most of the upper and lower rounds of the collimating mirror, which leads to increased processing costs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aiming at the problems of complex structure and high manufacturing cost of the existing vertical line coordinate instrument, the present invention provides a vertical line two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument, which simplifies the structure of the vertical line measuring instrument and reduces the size of the measuring instrument.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A vertical line two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument includes two groups of optical devices, each group of optical devices includes a CCD camera and a light source for emitting parallel light beams;

A first right-angle prism is arranged on the irradiation path of the light source, and the parallel light beam enters from the hypotenuse of the first right-angle prism and exits from the straight side. A second right-angle prism is arranged on the outgoing light path of the first right-angle prism. The outgoing beam of the prism enters from the straight side of the second right-angle prism and exits from the hypotenuse, and the outgoing beam of the second right-angle prism illuminates the phase surface of the CCD camera;

The light beams between the first right-angle prism and the second right-angle prism of the two sets of optical devices are arranged to intersect, and the overlapping area formed by the intersection of the two beams forms a vertical line measurement area.

Preferably, the included angle between the parallel light beam and the hypotenuse of the first right angle prism is an obtuse angle, and the parallel light beam is irradiated obliquely on the hypotenuse of the first right angle prism to expand the width of the parallel light beam.

Preferably, the width of the light and shadow region formed by the parallel light beam irradiated on the hypotenuse of the first right-angle prism is the maximum width of the hypotenuse.

Preferably, the angle between the outgoing beam of the second right-angle prism and the hypotenuse of the second right-angle prism is an acute angle, and the outgoing beam of the hypotenuse of the second right-angle prism is obliquely irradiated on the phase surface of the CCD camera, which is used to compress the outgoing beam. width.

Preferably, the width of the outgoing beam of the hypotenuse of the second right angle prism is equal to the length of the image plane of the CCD camera.

Preferably, the CCD cameras and light sources of the two groups of optical devices are distributed in a rectangular shape, and the CCD cameras and light sources of the same group are arranged diagonally.

Preferably, the light beams between the first right-angle prism and the second right-angle prism of the two groups of optical devices are arranged orthogonally.

Preferably, the light source includes an LED light source and a collimating mirror, the collimating mirror is arranged on the light path of the LED light source, and the outgoing beam of the collimating mirror illuminates the hypotenuse of the first right angle prism.

Preferably, a third right-angle prism is arranged on the optical path between the collimating mirror and the LED light source, and the light beam of the LED light source is irradiated on the straight edge of the third right-angle prism, exits from the other straight edge of the third right-angle prism, and is collimated. Straight mirror.

Preferably, the LED light source is located between two third right angle prisms.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

The invention provides a vertical line two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument, which includes two groups of optical devices with the same structure, each group of optical devices includes a light source with a parallel beam, a CCD camera and two right-angle prisms. It is incident from the hypotenuse of the right angle prism and exits at its long right angle side to form a widened parallel beam to realize the expansion of the width of the parallel beam of the light source. The hypotenuse of the prism compresses the beam width to form a narrow parallel beam that is irradiated to the CCD camera. After the expansion of the two sets of optical devices, the parallel beams are set to intersect, and the overlapping area formed by the intersection forms the measurement area. The parallel beam emitted by the light source can be expanded to form a larger At the same time, the expanded beam is compressed by another right angle prism to form a narrow beam, which makes it suitable for smaller CCD cameras, and reduces the structure and size of the vertical line measuring instrument without increasing the circuit and structure. , while increasing the measurement area.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the vertical coordinate system of the existing parallel light projection structure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the vertical line two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. LED light source; 2. Third right-angle prism; 3. Collimating mirror; 4. First right-angle prism; 5. Second right-angle prism; 6. CCD camera.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are to explain rather than limit the present invention.

Referring to Figure 2, a vertical line two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument includes two groups of optical devices, each group of optical devices includes a CCD camera 6 and a light source for emitting parallel light beams; the CCD cameras 6 and the light sources of the two groups of optical devices are in a rectangular distribution , and the CCD camera 6 and the light source of the same group are arranged diagonally.

A first right angle prism 4 is arranged on the irradiation path of the above-mentioned light source, and the light beam enters from the hypotenuse of the first right angle prism and exits from the straight side. A second right angle prism 5 is arranged on the outgoing light path of the first right angle prism. The outgoing beam from the prism enters from the straight edge of the second right-angle prism and exits from the hypotenuse, and the outgoing beam from the second right-angle prism illuminates the phase surface of the CCD camera;

The beam coincidence area between the first right angle prism 4 and the second right angle prism 5 of the two sets of optical devices forms an orthogonal vertical line measurement area.

The outgoing beam of the above-mentioned light source is irradiated obliquely on the hypotenuse of the first right angle prism, so that the outgoing beam covers the width of the corresponding bevel of the hypotenuse to the maximum extent, and is emitted through the long straight side of the first right angle prism, so that the parallel beam of the light source can be Expand to form a broadened parallel beam, and then make the beam overlap area of the two optical devices form a larger measurement area.

The parallel beam of the first right angle prism enters from the long straight side of the second right angle prism, the outgoing beam from the hypotenuse of the second right angle prism is obliquely irradiated on the phase surface of the CCD camera, and the hypotenuse of the second right angle prism is used for the outgoing beam. The width of the CCD is compressed so that its width matches the length of the CCD image plane.

It should be noted that the adjustment of the hypotenuse angle of the second right angle prism needs to ensure that the width of the outgoing beam is equal to the length of the CCD image plane, so that the beam can be adapted to the size of a single CCD element.

The above-mentioned light source includes an LED light source 1 and a collimating mirror 3. The collimating mirror 3 is arranged on the optical path of the LED light source 1, and arranges the light speed emitted by the LED light source into a parallel beam, and the parallel beam is obliquely irradiated on the hypotenuse of the first right angle prism. .

In order to further reduce the size of the whole measuring instrument, a third right-angle prism 2 is arranged on the optical path of the collimating mirror 3 and the LED light source 1, and the light beam of the LED light source is irradiated on the straight side of the third right-angle prism. The other straight edge is emitted and enters the collimating mirror.

The model of the above CCD camera is TCD1304, the total number of pixels is 5000, and the length of the image plane is 35mm.

The right-angled sides of the first right-angle prism and the second right-angle prism are 110 mm.

The dimensions of the third right angle prism are 30×30×30 mm.

The diameter of the collimating lens is 30mm and the focal length is 120mm.

The saliva meter formed by the above-mentioned originals has a range of 100mm, a volume of 420×365×70, a resolution of 0.03mm, and an accuracy of 0.1mm. Single measurement time 20ms.

The light emitted by the light source of the vertical two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument is organized into a narrow parallel beam by the collimating mirror, incident from the hypotenuse of the right angle prism at an oblique angle, and exits at the long right angle side to form a broadened parallel beam, the right angle The advancing direction of the parallel beam from the prism is perpendicular to the long right-angle side of the other right-angle prism. The beam passes through the measurement area and enters the long right-angle side of the opposite right-angle prism, and emerges from the hypotenuse side and is compressed into a narrow beam of parallel light. The width of the outgoing beam matches the length of the CCD image plane. Two sets of such structures form an orthogonal measurement. area. In order to further compress the size of the instrument, a folded optical path is used, the light beam of the LED light source is refracted by a third right angle prism, and the LED light source is arranged between two collimating mirrors. The vertical line two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument is suitable for the field of vertical deformation observation of artificial buildings, such as mines, bridges, dams, etc.

The above content is only to illustrate the technical idea of the present invention, and cannot limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solution according to the technical idea proposed by the present invention all fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims (10)

1. A two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument for a vertical line is characterized by comprising two groups of optical devices, wherein each group of optical devices comprises a CCD camera (6) and a light source for emitting parallel light beams;

a first right-angle prism (4) is arranged on an irradiation path of the light source, parallel light beams are incident from the hypotenuse of the first right-angle prism and are emitted from the straight edge, a second right-angle prism (5) is arranged on an emergent light path of the first right-angle prism, emergent light beams of the first right-angle prism are incident from the straight edge of the second right-angle prism and are emitted from the hypotenuse, and emergent light beams of the second right-angle prism are irradiated on a phase surface of the CCD camera;

light beams between the first right-angle prism (4) and the second right-angle prism (5) of the two groups of optical devices are arranged in a crossed mode, and a superposed region formed by the crossed light beams forms a perpendicular measuring region.

2. A two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument of a perpendicular line according to claim 1, wherein the parallel light beam is at an obtuse angle with respect to the hypotenuse of the first rectangular prism, and the parallel light beam obliquely irradiates the hypotenuse of the first rectangular prism to expand the width of the parallel light beam.

3. A perpendicular two-dimensional coordinate measuring machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the width of the light shadow region formed by the parallel light beams irradiated on the hypotenuse of the first rectangular prism is the maximum width of the hypotenuse.

4. A vertical two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument according to claim 3, wherein the angle between the outgoing beam from the second rectangular prism and the hypotenuse of the second rectangular prism is an acute angle, and the outgoing beam from the hypotenuse of the second rectangular prism is obliquely projected onto the phase plane of the CCD camera to compress the width of the outgoing beam.

5. A vertical two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument according to claim 4, wherein the width of the light beam emitted from the hypotenuse of the second rectangular prism is equal to the length of the image plane of the CCD camera.

6. A perpendicular two-dimensional coordinate measuring machine according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the CCD cameras (6) and light sources of the two sets of optical devices are distributed in a rectangular shape, and the CCD cameras (6) and light sources of the same set are arranged diagonally.

7. A two-dimensional coordinate measuring machine of vertical lines according to claim 1, wherein the beams between the first (4) and second (5) rectangular prisms of the two sets of optical means are orthogonally arranged.

8. A two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument of a perpendicular line according to claim 6, characterized in that the light source comprises an LED light source (1) and a collimating mirror (3), the collimating mirror (3) is arranged on the light path of the LED light source (1), and the outgoing light beam of the collimating mirror (3) is irradiated on the hypotenuse of the first right-angle prism.

9. A two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument of a perpendicular line according to claim 8, characterized in that a third rectangular prism (2) is disposed on the optical path of the collimating mirror (3) and the LED light source (1), and the light beam of the LED light source is irradiated on the straight side of the third rectangular prism, emitted from the other straight side of the third rectangular prism, and incident on the collimating mirror.

10. A vertical two-dimensional coordinate measuring machine according to claim 9, wherein the LED light source (1) is located between two third rectangular prisms.

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