CN112207443A - Laser arc hybrid welding device - Google Patents
Laser arc hybrid welding device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112207443A CN112207443A CN202010639862.4A CN202010639862A CN112207443A CN 112207443 A CN112207443 A CN 112207443A CN 202010639862 A CN202010639862 A CN 202010639862A CN 112207443 A CN112207443 A CN 112207443A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 5000 series (e.g. Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910021328 Fe2Al5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015372 FeAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015392 FeAl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/073—Shaping the laser spot
- B23K26/0732—Shaping the laser spot into a rectangular shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/073—Shaping the laser spot
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a laser-arc hybrid welding device. The hybrid laser-arc welding device includes a laser welding torch and a welding torch. The laser torch includes a DOE. The DOE is configured to enlarge the irradiation region of the laser light in the width direction of the weld and to adjust the shape of the irradiation region so that the distribution of the amount of heat input by the laser light in the width direction has a predetermined curve, as compared with the case where no DOE is provided. The predetermined curve is a curve in which the heat input amount at the center in the width direction is equal to or less than the heat input amount at the ends in the width direction.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a laser-arc hybrid welding apparatus using a laser and an arc.
Background
Jp 2005-40806 a discloses a laser beam irradiation arc welding method for welding a welded joint in which at least one of members to be welded is a galvanized steel sheet and a gap is formed in a joint portion while irradiating an arc generating portion with a laser beam. In this welding method, the laser irradiation portion is set to be defocused. Thus, by widely removing the galvanized layer to prevent zinc gas from entering the molten bath, the molten metal is sufficiently filled in the entire gap while suppressing the generation of pores and pits.
If the amount of heat input to the joint is large, the temperature (melting temperature) of the molten pool generated during welding increases, and the depth (depth of fusion) of the molten pool also increases. Therefore, the solidification rate of the molten pool becomes slow, and as a result, the amount of intermetallic compounds (for example, an alloy of aluminum and iron, etc. generated at the time of welding an aluminum plate and a steel plate) generated along with the welding increases. Since the intermetallic compound is more brittle than the base material itself, if the amount of the intermetallic compound produced is increased, the bonding strength is lowered. In the present invention, the "heat input amount" indicates the total heat input amount (J) at a certain point or in a certain region until the end of welding. That is, in the present invention, the "amount of heat input" does not take into account the magnitude (W) of heat input at a certain time, but takes into account the heat input time.
In general, in order to maximize the irradiation energy density in the irradiation region, the laser light is adjusted so as to be focused in the irradiation region. However, in this case, the amount of heat input to the joint portion is increased, which may cause the above-described problem. On the other hand, if the amount of heat input is reduced, the joint area between the welding bead and the base material is reduced, and as a result, the joint strength may be reduced. The reduction in the joining strength caused by the reduction in the joining area can be eliminated by increasing the welding bead width.
Since the welding method described in japanese patent application laid-open No. 2005-40806 defocuses the focal point of the laser beam, the amount of heat input to the joint portion can be suppressed. However, since only the focal point of the laser light is defocused, and the planar shape of the laser light irradiation region is generally circular, the distribution of the amount of heat input in the width direction with respect to the proceeding direction of welding is largest in the central portion and decreases toward the end portions. Therefore, there is a possibility that the amount of heat input is insufficient at a portion (for example, the widthwise end portion) distant from the central portion, and the bonding strength is insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a laser arc hybrid welding apparatus capable of suppressing an amount of heat input to a joint portion and forming a wide weld bead width to ensure joint strength.
The laser-arc hybrid welding apparatus of the present invention uses a laser and an arc, and includes: a laser torch configured to irradiate a laser beam to the joint; and a welding torch configured to generate an arc between the welding torch and the joint. The laser welding torch includes an adjustment mechanism configured to adjust a shape of an irradiation region to which the laser light is irradiated. The adjustment mechanism is configured to enlarge the irradiation region in the width direction of the welding and adjust the shape of the irradiation region so that the distribution of the amount of heat input by the laser in the width direction has a predetermined curve, as compared with a case where the adjustment mechanism is not provided in the laser welding torch. The predetermined curve is a curve in which the heat input amount at the center in the width direction is equal to or less than the heat input amount at the ends in the width direction.
In this welding apparatus, by providing the above-described adjustment mechanism, the irradiation region of the laser beam is enlarged in the width direction of the welding, and the amount of heat input at the center portion in the width direction is suppressed. Therefore, the welding device can suppress the amount of heat input to the joint and form a wide weld bead width. As a result, the bonding strength can be ensured.
The adjustment mechanism may adjust the shape of the irradiation region so that the irradiation region has a rectangular shape having opposite sides parallel to the traveling direction of the laser welding torch.
According to this welding device, the heat input amount at the center portion in the width direction can be suppressed with a simple configuration, and the heat input amount at the end portions in the width direction can be increased.
The adjustment mechanism may further adjust the distribution of the irradiation energy density in the irradiation region such that the irradiation energy density of the laser beam at the center portion in the width direction becomes lower than the irradiation energy density at the end portions in the width direction.
With this configuration, the heat input amount at the center portion in the width direction is smaller than the heat input amount at the end portions in the width direction. Therefore, the amount of heat input in the width direction after arc welding can be equalized, and a weld bead with good quality can be formed.
The adjustment mechanism may adjust the shape of the irradiation region such that the length of the irradiation region along the traveling direction of the laser welding torch at the center in the width direction is shorter than the length of the irradiation region along the traveling direction at the end in the width direction.
With this configuration, the heat input amount at the center portion in the width direction can be made smaller than the heat input amount at the end portions in the width direction. Therefore, the amount of heat input in the width direction after arc welding can be equalized, and a weld bead with good quality can be formed.
It is possible that the distribution in the width direction of the sum of the amount of heat input by the laser and the amount of heat input by the arc has a prescribed thermal distribution.
As a result, a desired heat distribution in the width direction can be formed by combining the amount of heat input by the laser and the amount of heat input by the arc, and a weld bead with good quality can be formed.
The welding apparatus may further include a control device that adjusts an output of the welding torch. Further, at least one of the adjustment of the shape of the irradiation region by the adjustment mechanism and the adjustment of the output of the welding torch by the control device may be performed so that the distribution in the width direction of the sum of the amount of heat input by the laser and the amount of heat input by the arc has a predetermined thermal distribution.
When the mechanical characteristics of the welded portion are determined by the amount of heat input to the welded portion and the heat distribution of each welding process, the welding apparatus described above can obtain desired mechanical characteristics in the welded portion by adjusting the sum of the amount of heat input by the laser and the amount of heat input by the arc. In particular, in welding of dissimilar materials, it is necessary to control the amount and distribution of molten metal in addition to the amount and distribution of intermetallic compounds. According to the welding apparatus described above, the curve of the amount of heat input by the laser is adjusted by the adjustment mechanism, so that the adjustment can be performed mainly by melting of the base material, and the bead width of the welding, the depth of the molten pool (depth of fusion), and the distribution thereof can be adjusted. Further, by adjusting the output of the welding torch by the control device, the amount of molten metal can be adjusted by mainly melting the welding wire.
The predetermined curve may be a curve in which the heat input amount at the center portion in the width direction is smaller than the heat input amount at the end portions in the width direction. Further, it is possible that the prescribed heat distribution is uniform in the width direction.
The welding device can form a high-quality welding bead without locally concentrating generated intermetallic compounds.
The above and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of a laser-arc hybrid welding apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the structure of the laser torch.
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the planar shape of the laser irradiation region.
Fig. 4A to 4C are diagrams showing the distribution of the amount of heat input in the welding width direction.
Fig. 5 is a view showing an example of a cross section of a joint portion in fillet welding of a lap joint.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the laser welding torch according to embodiment 2.
Fig. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the planar shape of the laser irradiation region.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding portions are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will not be repeated.
[ embodiment 1]
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of a laser-arc hybrid welding apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1, a hybrid laser-arc welding apparatus 1 includes a welding torch 10, a welding wire 20, a welding power supply device 30, a laser welding torch 40, and a laser oscillation device 60.
The laser arc hybrid welding apparatus 1 can be used for joining metals, particularly for welding of joining dissimilar materials. For example, the laser arc hybrid welding apparatus 1 can be used for welding an aluminum alloy plate and a hot-dip galvanized steel plate such as a GI material or a GA material. As the aluminum alloy sheet, not only soft aluminum but also hard aluminum such as 5000 series (e.g., 5052), 6000 series (e.g., 6063), 7000 series (e.g., 7075) in JIS standard can be used. By the laser arc hybrid welding apparatus 1, one and the other of the workpieces 70 are joined by, for example, a fillet joint, a flare joint, or the like.
The welding torch 10 and the welding power supply device 30 are devices for performing arc welding. The welding torch 10 supplies a welding wire 20 and a shielding gas, not shown, to a joint of the workpiece 70. The welding torch 10 receives supply of welding current from the welding power supply device 30, generates an arc 25 between the tip of the welding wire 20 and the joint of the work 70 to be welded, and supplies a shielding gas (argon gas, carbon dioxide gas, or the like) to the welded portion. Instead of the welding wire 20, an electrode of a consumed material (tungsten or the like) may be used. That is, arc welding using the welding torch 10 may be of a consumable electrode type (MAG welding, MIG welding, or the like) or a non-consumable electrode type (TIG welding, or the like).
The welding power supply device 30 generates a welding voltage and a welding current for arc welding, and outputs the generated welding voltage and welding current to the welding torch 10. In addition, the welding power supply apparatus 30 controls the feed speed of the welding wire 20 in the welding torch 10.
The laser torch 40 and the laser oscillator 60 are devices for performing laser welding. The laser welding torch 40 receives the supply of the laser beam from the laser oscillation device 60 and irradiates the joint of the workpiece 70 with the laser beam.
In the laser arc hybrid welding apparatus 1 of the present invention, the laser torch 40 includes an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the shape of the irradiation region to which the laser beam is irradiated and the distribution of the irradiation energy density of the laser beam in the irradiation region. The adjusting mechanism enlarges the irradiation area in the width direction of the welding as compared with the case where the adjusting mechanism is not provided. The adjusting means adjusts the shape of the irradiation region and the distribution of irradiation energy density so that the distribution in the welding width direction of the amount of heat input (J) by the laser light is a curve in which the amount of heat input at the center in the width direction is smaller than the amount of heat input at the ends in the width direction. In embodiment 1, as such an adjustment mechanism, a Diffractive Optical Element (DOE) is provided in the laser torch 40. The structure of the laser torch 40 will be described later.
By providing such an adjustment mechanism in the laser torch 40, the amount of heat input to the joint portion can be suppressed, and a wide weld bead width can be formed, thereby ensuring the joint strength. This point will be described in detail below.
As described above, if the heat input amount (J) to the joint portion is increased, the solidification speed of the molten pool is retarded, and the amount of intermetallic compounds generated by welding is increased. For example, when welding an aluminum alloy plate and a galvanized steel plate, an alloy of aluminum and iron (FeAl, Fe) is generated at a joint by welding3Al、Fe2Al5、FeAl3Etc.) that is, the intermetallic compound generates a larger amount of heat as the amount of heat input to the joint portion increases. Since such an intermetallic compound is more brittle than the base material, if the amount of the intermetallic compound produced is increased, the bonding strength is decreased.
In general, in order to efficiently melt a member by increasing irradiation energy density in an irradiation region, the focal point of laser light is adjusted to be in focus in the irradiation region. However, in this case, the amount of heat input to the joint portion increases, and as described above, the amount of intermetallic compound generated increases, and the joint strength may decrease.
Therefore, although it is conceivable to suppress the amount of heat input in order to suppress the amount of intermetallic compound generated, if the amount of heat input is suppressed, the bonding area between the weld bead and the base metal decreases, and as a result, the bonding strength may decrease. By increasing the welding bead width, a decrease in the joint strength due to a decrease in the joint area can be eliminated.
It is conceivable to defocus the focal point of the laser light to suppress the amount of heat input. However, since only the focal point of the laser light is defocused, and the planar shape of the laser light irradiation region is generally circular, the distribution of the amount of heat input in the welding width direction is largest in the central portion and decreases toward the end portions. Therefore, the amount of heat input may be insufficient at portions (for example, the widthwise end portions) distant from the central portion, and the joint strength may be insufficient.
In the hybrid laser arc welding apparatus 1 according to embodiment 1, the DOE serving as the adjustment mechanism is provided in the laser welding torch 40. By providing such an adjustment mechanism (DOE), a wide weld bead width can be formed while suppressing the amount of heat input to the joint. As a result, the joining strength of the joining portion can be ensured.
Fig. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the structure of the laser torch 40. Referring to FIG. 2, the laser torch 40 includes a DOE41 and a lens 42. The laser light output from the laser oscillation device 60 is irradiated to the work 70 through the DOE41 and the lens 42, and an irradiation region 80 is formed in the work 70.
The DOE41 machines the laser light received from the laser oscillation device 60 into a desired beam pattern by utilizing diffraction phenomenon. Specifically, the DOE41 geometrically disperses the incident light received from the laser oscillation device 60, and shapes and irradiates the laser light so that the irradiation region 80 on the work piece 70 is wider and substantially rectangular than the case where the DOE41 is not provided.
The lens 42 condenses the laser light processed by the DOE41, and outputs the condensed laser light to the work 70.
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the planar shape of the irradiation region 80. In fig. 3, the X-axis direction represents the traveling direction of the laser welding torch 40, and the Y-axis direction represents the welding width direction. Referring to fig. 3, laser light is processed by DOE41 so that irradiation region 80 becomes substantially rectangular.
The dotted line group represents the distribution of the irradiation energy density of the laser light. As shown in the figure, in the irradiation region 80, the laser beam is shaped by the DOE41 so that the energy density becomes higher as the irradiation proceeds from the center C in the width direction (Y-axis direction) toward the end in the width direction.
In this example, the opposite side of the irradiation region 80 parallel to the direction of travel (X-axis direction) of the laser welding torch 40 is a short side, and the opposite side parallel to the width direction (Y-axis direction) is a long side, but the irradiation region 80 may be substantially square, or the opposite side parallel to the direction of travel (X-axis direction) of the laser welding torch 40 may be a long side.
Fig. 4A to 4C are diagrams showing the distribution of the amount of heat input in the welding width direction. Fig. 4A shows the distribution of the amount of heat input by the laser, and fig. 4B shows the distribution of the amount of heat input by the arc. Fig. 4C shows the distribution of the sum of the amount of heat input by the laser and the amount of heat input by the arc. That is, fig. 4C shows the distribution of the laser light and the total heat input amount by the arc. In each figure, the vertical axis represents the heat input amount Q, and the Y-axis direction represents the width direction of the weld. The heat input amount Q is a total heat input amount (J) from the start to the end of welding at each point in the width direction.
Referring to fig. 4A to 4C, by laser irradiation with the irradiation region 80 shown in fig. 3, the distribution of the amount of heat input by the laser light is a curve in which the amount of heat input is small at the center C in the width direction and the amount of heat input increases toward the end as shown in fig. 4A. For reference, when the planar shape of the laser irradiation region is assumed to be circular, even if the irradiation energy density at the center is decreased and the irradiation energy density at the peripheral portion is increased in the irradiation region, the possibility that the heat input amount increases at the center in the width direction and decreases toward the ends in the width direction is high.
As shown in fig. 4B, the distribution of the heat input amount by the arc forms a curve in which the heat input amount at the center C in the width direction is large and the heat input amount decreases toward the end portion. Therefore, as shown in fig. 4C, the heat distribution of the sum of the amount of heat input by the laser and the amount of heat input by the arc is substantially uniform in the width direction.
In other words, the curve of the amount of heat input by the laser is determined so that the curve of the heat distribution of the sum of the amount of heat input by the laser and the amount of heat input by the arc is substantially uniform in the width direction, taking into account the curve of the amount of heat input by the arc. Then, the shape and the irradiation energy density distribution (the shape and the irradiation energy density distribution shown in fig. 3) of the irradiation region 80 of the laser beam are determined based on the curve of the amount of heat input by the laser beam input, and the structure of the DOE41 that realizes such irradiation region 80 is determined.
Alternatively, DOE41 may be configured so that a curve of the amount of heat input by the laser as shown in fig. 4A can be obtained, and the output of welding torch 10 may be adjusted by welding power supply device 30 (control device) so that the curve of the heat distribution of the sum of the amount of heat input by the laser and the amount of heat input by the arc is substantially uniform in the width direction.
Since the mechanical characteristics of the welded portion are determined by the amount of heat input to the welded portion and the heat distribution of each welding process, desired mechanical characteristics can be obtained at the welded portion by adjusting the sum of the amount of heat input by the laser and the amount of heat input by the arc as described above. Further, by making the sum of the amount of heat input by the laser and the amount of heat input by the arc uniform in the width direction, a high-quality weld bead can be formed without locally concentrating the intermetallic compound generated.
In particular, in welding of dissimilar materials (for example, welding of an aluminum alloy plate and a hot-dip galvanized steel plate), it is necessary to control the amount of generation of an intermetallic compound and the distribution thereof and also to control the amount of molten metal and the distribution thereof. In the present embodiment, the curve of the amount of heat input by the laser is adjusted by the adjustment mechanism as described above, so that the adjustment can be performed mainly by melting of the base material, and the width of the weld bead, the depth of the molten pool (depth of fusion), and the distribution thereof can be adjusted. Further, by adjusting the output of the welding torch 10 by the welding power supply device 30, it is possible to adjust the output mainly by melting of the welding wire, and to adjust the amount of molten metal.
Fig. 5 is a view showing an example of a cross section of a joint portion in fillet welding of a lap joint. Referring to fig. 5, in this example, the welded member 70 includes a GI material 71 and an aluminum alloy plate 72 stacked on the GI material 71. The welding bead 73 indicated by a solid line is a welding bead in the case of fillet welding using the laser arc hybrid welding apparatus 1 of embodiment 1 (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as "welding apparatus 1"). On the other hand, as a comparative example, the weld bead 75 indicated by a broken line is a weld bead in the case of fillet welding using a hybrid laser arc welding apparatus (hereinafter, referred to as a "conventional type welding apparatus") not provided with the DOE 41.
When welding is performed using a conventional welding apparatus, since the irradiation region of the laser beam is narrow (when the irradiation region of the laser beam is narrow, the width of the arc is also narrow), and the irradiation energy density at the center of the irradiation region is high, the depth of penetration into the base material is deep, and a welding bead 75 having a narrow contact portion 76 with the base material (GI material 71) is formed.
On the other hand, in the case of welding by the welding apparatus 1, since the laser irradiation region is wide (when the irradiation region of the laser is wide, the width of the arc is also wide), and the heat input amount in the width direction is equalized while the heat input amount in the center portion of the irradiation region is suppressed, the depth of fusion to the base material is suppressed, and the contact portion 74 in contact with the base material forms the welding bead 73 which is wide with respect to the contact portion 76 described above.
In this way, the solidification rate when generating the welding bead 73 having a depth of penetration into the base material smaller than the depth of penetration into the welding bead 75 and a large contact portion with the base material is higher than the solidification rate when generating the welding bead 75. Therefore, the amount of intermetallic compound generated at the welding bead 75 is smaller than the amount of intermetallic compound generated at the welding bead 73. Further, a contact portion 74 where the welding bead 73 contacts the base material (GI material 71) is larger than a contact portion 76 where the welding bead 75 contacts the base material. As described above, the joint strength of the welding bead 75 is higher than the joint strength of the welding bead 73.
As described above, according to embodiment 1, by providing the DOE41 capable of forming the laser irradiation region shown in fig. 3, the distribution of the heat input amount in the width direction becomes a curve as shown in fig. 4A to 4C. Therefore, the amount of heat input to the joint portion can be suppressed, and a wide weld bead width can be formed. As a result, the joining strength of the joining portion can be ensured.
Further, according to embodiment 1, by adjusting the distribution (curve) in the width direction of the sum of the amount of heat input by the laser and the amount of heat input by the arc, desired mechanical characteristics can be obtained at the welded portion. Further, by making the distribution of the sum of the amount of heat input by the laser and the amount of heat input by the arc uniform in the width direction, a high-quality weld bead can be formed without locally concentrating the intermetallic compound generated.
Further, by adjusting the curve of the amount of heat input by the laser using the adjustment mechanism (DOE41) as described above, the melting of the base material can be adjusted, and the bead width of the welding, the depth of the molten pool (depth of fusion), and the distribution thereof can be adjusted. Further, by adjusting the output of the welding torch 10 using the welding power supply device 30, the amount of molten metal can be adjusted by adjusting the melting of the welding wire.
[ embodiment 2]
In embodiment 1, DOE41 is used as irradiation region 80 of the laser beam as shown in fig. 3. In embodiment 2, a laser scanning device capable of scanning the laser beam irradiated to the work 70 on the work 70 is provided in the laser torch instead of the DOE, and the laser scanning device scans the laser beam to form the same irradiation region as in embodiment 1.
The overall configuration of the laser arc hybrid welding apparatus according to embodiment 2 is the same as that of the laser arc hybrid welding apparatus 1 shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the laser welding torch according to embodiment 2. Referring to fig. 6, the laser torch 40A includes a scanning mirror 44 and an optical axis control device 45 instead of the DOE41 in the laser torch 40 shown in fig. 2.
The scanning mirror 44 and the optical axis control device 45 correspond to an adjustment mechanism in the present invention, and constitute a laser scanning device capable of scanning the laser beam on the work 70. The scanning mirror 44 reflects the laser light received from the laser oscillation device 60 to output to the lens 42. The scanning mirror 44 is configured to be capable of changing the direction by the optical axis control device 45, and is capable of changing the irradiation position 81 of the laser light irradiated through the lens 42. The scanning mirror 44 includes, for example: an X-scan mirror capable of changing an irradiation position 81 in the X direction; and a Y scanning mirror capable of changing the irradiation position 81 in the Y direction.
The optical axis control device 45 includes: a drive device that changes the angle of the scanning mirror 44; and a control device for controlling the drive device to adjust the laser irradiation position 81 (both not shown). The drive device includes, for example: an X-axis motor which drives the X scanning mirror to rotate; and a Y-axis motor which drives the Y scanning mirror to rotate.
With this configuration, by scanning the laser beam over the work 70, a rectangular irradiation region 82 equivalent to the irradiation region 80 shown in fig. 3 can be formed on the work 70. By appropriately adjusting the output and/or scanning speed of the laser beam together with the scanning position of the laser beam, the profile of the irradiation energy density in the irradiation region 82 can be adjusted as shown by the broken line in fig. 3.
As described above, according to embodiment 2, the same effects as those of embodiment 1 can be obtained. Further, according to embodiment 2, since the irradiation region 82 having a desired shape and irradiation energy density distribution is formed by using the scanning mirror 44 and the optical axis control device 45, the degree of freedom in forming the desired irradiation region 82 is high.
[ modified examples ]
In embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 3, a laser irradiation region 80 is formed by DOE 41. That is, the planar shape of the irradiation region 80 is a rectangle, and the irradiation energy density distribution is provided in the irradiation region 80 such that the irradiation energy density increases from the center in the width direction toward the end in the width direction.
However, the irradiation region 80 formed by DOE41 is not limited to have such a shape and irradiation energy density distribution. For example, as shown in fig. 7, in the irradiation region 80, the length of the irradiation region along the welding proceeding direction (X-axis direction) at the center C in the width direction (Y-axis direction) may be shorter than the length of the irradiation region at the end in the width direction, and the irradiation energy density in the width direction may be substantially uniform.
By the irradiation region 80 having such a shape and irradiation energy density distribution, a curve of the amount of heat input by the laser light as shown in fig. 4A can be obtained. Therefore, the same effects as those of embodiment 1 can be obtained.
In embodiment 2, the laser torch 40A may be used to form the irradiation region 82 having a shape and an irradiation energy density distribution as shown in fig. 7.
In the above-described embodiments and modifications, the curve of the amount of heat input by the laser is determined so that the curve of the sum of the amount of heat input by the laser and the amount of heat input by the arc is substantially uniform in the width direction, or the output of the welding torch 10 is adjusted by the welding power supply device 30, but the curve of the sum of the amount of heat input by the laser and the amount of heat input by the arc in the width direction is not limited to this. The curve of the sum of the amount of heat input by the laser and the amount of heat input by the arc may be a predetermined curve in which the amount of heat input at the center portion is larger than the amount of heat input at the end portions in the width direction, or may be a predetermined curve in which the amount of heat input at the center portion is smaller than the amount of heat input at the end portions, to the extent that the amount of heat input at the center portion in the width direction does not become too large.
In each of the above-described embodiments and modifications, the heat input amount by the laser light is reduced at the center in the width direction as shown in fig. 4A, but the heat input amount by the laser light may be made substantially uniform in the width direction. In this case, although the heat input amount at the central portion is more responsive than the heat input amounts at the end portions with respect to the curve of the sum of the heat input amount by the laser and the heat input amount by the arc, the heat input amount at the central portion can be suppressed and the distribution of the heat input amount can be expanded in the width direction as compared with the case where the curve adjustment of the heat input amount by the laser is not performed.
The embodiments disclosed herein are illustrative in all respects and should not be construed as being restrictive. The scope of the present invention is shown by the scope of claims, and includes all modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the scope of claims.
Claims (7)
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| JP2019128190A JP7284014B2 (en) | 2019-07-10 | 2019-07-10 | Laser-arc hybrid welding equipment |
| JP2019-128190 | 2019-07-10 |
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| CN112207443A true CN112207443A (en) | 2021-01-12 |
| CN112207443B CN112207443B (en) | 2025-02-11 |
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| US (1) | US20210008666A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3785843B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP7284014B2 (en) |
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| CN114131200A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-04 | 华中科技大学 | Process control method, system and device for laser-arc hybrid welding |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP7284014B2 (en) | 2023-05-30 |
| EP3785843A2 (en) | 2021-03-03 |
| CN112207443B (en) | 2025-02-11 |
| JP2021013932A (en) | 2021-02-12 |
| US20210008666A1 (en) | 2021-01-14 |
| EP3785843B1 (en) | 2023-01-04 |
| EP3785843A3 (en) | 2021-03-24 |
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