CN112207442A - Method and gas loading device for suppressing slump defects in laser penetration welding of thick plates - Google Patents
Method and gas loading device for suppressing slump defects in laser penetration welding of thick plates Download PDFInfo
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- CN112207442A CN112207442A CN202011095218.1A CN202011095218A CN112207442A CN 112207442 A CN112207442 A CN 112207442A CN 202011095218 A CN202011095218 A CN 202011095218A CN 112207442 A CN112207442 A CN 112207442A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
- B23K26/703—Cooling arrangements
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field related to laser welding, and discloses a method for inhibiting a thick plate from collapsing during laser penetration welding and a gas loading device. The method comprises the following steps: when the thick plate is welded, a gas loading device is arranged on the back side of the welding seam of the thick plate to cool the molten pool. The gas loading device comprises: the device comprises a groove body directly contacted with the contact surface of the thick plate and a control device, wherein the control device is used for controlling the temperature and the flow rate of gas in the groove body. The invention firstly provides that low-temperature gas is added outside the welding seam area on the back of the thick plate to be welded, low-temperature and high-pressure environments are provided, the thermodynamics and dynamics behaviors of a molten pool are regulated and controlled, the solidification rate of the molten pool in the welding process is accelerated, the supporting force effect is provided for the molten pool, the flowing of the molten pool to the back of the welding seam is inhibited, and the collapse defect of the back of the welding seam is eliminated. The invention does not need vacuum, electromagnetic and other equipment, is simple and practical, and can meet the actual requirements of industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field related to laser welding, and particularly relates to a method for inhibiting a thick plate from collapsing during laser penetration welding and a gas loading device.
Background
The welding of thick plates (the plate thickness is not less than 20mm) is a key technology in the manufacturing process of large-scale components of high service performance equipment in the fields of rail transit, ship, ocean, aerospace and the like, the components have the characteristics of thick walls, large size, complex joint form and service environment and the like, and the welding quality directly determines the service performance and service life of the equipment. In recent years, with the birth of fiber lasers and the continuous progress of laser technology, the beam quality of lasers is continuously improved, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is continuously improved, and the output power is continuously increased.
However, the sagging defect shown in fig. 1 is easily generated during the thick plate laser welding process, and the welding seam is recessed and undercut due to the accumulation of molten metal on the back of the welding seam while the sagging defect is formed, thereby affecting the performance of the joint. The main reasons for the generation of the collapse defect are as follows: on one hand, the thick plate welding needs high-power laser, under the condition, the interaction between the laser and the material is violent, the quantity of the generated photoluminescence is large, the speed is high, the depth and the width of a molten pool are large, the generation reaction force and the gravity of the molten pool borne by the molten pool are increased, the driving force of the molten pool flowing to the back of a welding line is increased, and the forming tendency of the collapse defect is increased; on the other hand, the high-power laser heat input amount is large, the cooling and solidification speed of the molten pool is slow, the flowing and gathering time of the molten pool to the back of the welding seam is increased, and the forming tendency of the collapse defect is also increased. The combination of the two factors causes that the thick plate is easy to form the defect of falling down in the laser welding process.
Therefore, how to effectively regulate and control the stress and the flow of a molten pool in the welding process is the key point for inhibiting the collapse defect. The conventional collapse defect inhibiting method mainly comprises an additional back substrate, a vacuum auxiliary welding method and an electromagnetic auxiliary welding method. The method comprises the following steps of adding a back substrate, namely adding a liner capable of bearing high temperature such as ceramic on the back of a welding seam, supporting a molten pool by a method of directly contacting the molten pool, and inhibiting the flow and aggregation of molten metal to the back of the welding seam, so that the purpose of eliminating the defect of the back of the welding seam collapse is achieved; the vacuum auxiliary welding method is to carry out laser welding in a vacuum environment, the melting point of the material is reduced under the condition, the quantity and the melting area of the light-induced plume are greatly reduced, the plume eruption reaction force and the gravity borne by a molten pool are obviously reduced, and the tendency of the molten pool flowing to the back of the welding seam is reduced, so that the purpose of eliminating the defect of the back of the welding seam collapsing is achieved; the electromagnetic auxiliary welding method is characterized in that a workpiece to be welded is electrified and a magnetic field is applied to form Lorentz force acting on a molten pool, so that the deficiency of surface tension of the back surface of the molten pool is compensated, the stress balance of the molten pool is maintained, and the flow of the molten pool to the back surface of a welding seam is inhibited, thereby achieving the purpose of eliminating the defect of the back surface collapse of the welding seam.
The existing research mostly focuses on inhibiting the formation of the collapse defect by changing the stress state of a molten pool, and has respective limitations: the method of adding the back substrate needs to add a liner on the back of the whole welding seam, and because the substrate and a workpiece can not be completely attached without a gap, a molten pool can flow to the gap in the welding process, so that the defects of uneven forming, incomplete fusion, cracks and the like occur on the back of the welding seam, and the industrial production requirements are difficult to meet; the vacuum auxiliary welding method needs a vacuum environment to inhibit the collapse defect, so that the structure and the size of a weldment are limited by the environment of a vacuum chamber, the cost is high, and the actual requirement of industrial production is difficult to meet; the electromagnetic auxiliary welding method needs to inhibit the collapse defect under the synergistic action of an external electric field and a magnetic field environment, the process and equipment are complex, the electromagnetic output stability is difficult to control, and the actual requirements of industrial production are difficult to meet. Therefore, it is desirable to design a method and a device capable of effectively suppressing the laser welding collapse defect to solve the technical problem of the welding collapse defect in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a method for inhibiting the thick plate from collapsing during laser penetration welding and a gas loading device. The invention does not need vacuum, electromagnetic and other equipment, is simple and practical, and can meet the actual requirements of industrial production.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of suppressing a thick plate laser penetration welding yield defect, the method comprising: when a thick plate is welded, a gas loading device is arranged on the back side of a welding seam of the thick plate, the thick plate and an opening of the gas loading device are sealed, so that gas in the gas loading device directly contacts the thick plate, a molten pool is cooled, and a certain supporting force is exerted on the molten pool through gas pressure, wherein the gas temperature range provided by the gas loading device is-50-25 ℃, and the pressure range provided by the gas loading device is 1-1.1 atm.
Preferably, the opening of the gas loading device is sealed with the thick plate by a sealant.
Preferably, the gas is compressed air, nitrogen or a mixture of the two.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a gas loading device comprising a tank body having an opening in direct contact with the slab, and a control device for controlling a temperature and a flow rate of gas in the tank body.
Preferably, the control device comprises a mixing chamber, the mixing chamber comprises a first inlet, a second inlet and an outlet, the outlet is connected with the tank body, and the first inlet and the second inlet are both provided with control valves.
Preferably, an adjusting plate in sealing contact with the mixing chamber is arranged in the mixing chamber, so that the speed and pressure of the gas entering the groove body can be controlled by adjusting the position of the adjusting plate.
Preferably, the outer surface of the mixing chamber is provided with an adjusting knob for adjusting the position of the adjusting plate.
Preferably, the number of the regulating plates is two, and the first inlet and the second inlet are arranged in the area between the two regulating plates.
In general, compared with the prior art, through the above technical solutions of the present invention, the method and the gas loading device for inhibiting the thick plate laser penetration welding collapse defect provided by the present invention have at least the following technical effects:
1. the method of the application firstly proposes that a low-temperature environment is arranged on the back of the thick plate welding seam, the collapse defect is inhibited by inhibiting the solidification rate and the flow behavior of a molten pool in the welding process, and the operation is simple and convenient;
2. the setting range of the gas temperature is-50-25 ℃, so that the solidification rate of the molten pool can be effectively regulated and controlled, and the thermodynamic behavior of the molten pool is improved;
3. the setting range of the gas pressure in the application is 1 atm-1.1 atm, and the supporting force borne by the back of the molten pool can be effectively regulated and controlled, so that the dynamic behavior of the molten pool is improved;
4. the medium-low temperature gas in the application is compressed air, nitrogen or a mixed gas of the compressed air and the nitrogen, and is environment-friendly and pollution-free;
the low-temperature device comprises a control device, so that the cooling rate of the molten pool can be accurately controlled, different gases can be arranged in the first inlet and the second inlet, and the temperature of the mixed gas is controlled by adjusting the proportion of the gases at the two inlets, so that the solidification rate of the molten pool is regulated;
6. the pressure in the mixing chamber can be adjusted by arranging the adjusting plate, so that the flow rate and the pressure of gas at the outlet are controlled, and the conversion speed of the temperature of the molten pool and the gas and the supporting force of the gas on the molten pool are further controlled;
7. compared with an additional back substrate method, the method has the advantages that forced flowing of a molten pool is avoided, and the forming tendency of defects such as uneven forming, incomplete fusion and cracks is low; compared with a vacuum auxiliary welding method, the method does not need to manufacture a vacuum environment, the welding structure and the welding size are not limited by the size of a vacuum chamber, the adaptability is strong, and the cost is low; compared with an electromagnetic auxiliary welding method, the method does not need to manufacture an electromagnetic environment, the welding structure and the size are not limited by the effective range of electromagnetic loading, the process and the equipment are simple, and the controllability is good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a view of a sag defect during a thick plate welding process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an implementation environment of a method for suppressing a thick plate laser penetration welding yield defect according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a schematic structural diagram of a gas loading device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an operation process of a gas loading device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of the structure A-A of FIG. 4, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein:
100-a trough body, 200-a control device, 210-an adjusting plate, 220-a first inlet, 230-a second inlet, 240-an adjusting knob, 250-an outlet, 110-a trough body outlet and 120-an opening.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention provides a method for inhibiting a thick plate from collapsing during laser penetration welding, which comprises the following steps: when a thick plate is welded, a gas loading device (as shown in fig. 2) is arranged on the back surface of a welding seam of the thick plate, and the thick plate and an opening of the gas loading device are sealed, so that gas in the gas loading device directly contacts with the thick plate, a welding molten pool can be cooled, and a certain supporting force is exerted on the molten pool through gas pressure, wherein the temperature range provided by the low-temperature device is-50-25 ℃, and the pressure range provided by the low-temperature device is 1-1.1 atm. The opening of the gas loading device is sealed with the thick plate through a sealant.
A cryogenic gas may be disposed within the cryogenic device. The low temperature gas is preferably compressed air, nitrogen or a mixture of both.
The low-temperature gas is added to the back of the thick plate to regulate the solidification rate and the flow behavior of a molten pool, so that the effective inhibition of the collapse defect is realized.
The application also provides the low-temperature device, as shown in fig. 3, the low-temperature device includes a tank 100 and a control device 200, wherein the contact surface of the tank 100 and the thick plate is made of a heat conductive material, the tank 100 includes an opening 120 and a tank outlet 110, the opening 120 is used for directly sealing and contacting with a to-be-welded part, and the tank outlet 110 is used for a gas flow path in the tank; the control device is used for controlling the temperature and the flow rate of the gas in the tank body 100.
Wherein, the fluid in the tank 100 is gas. For example, the other surfaces of the tank 100 are heat insulating materials. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the plank weld is located above the opening 120 of the tank body 100.
The control device 200 comprises a mixing chamber, the mixing chamber comprises a first inlet 220, a second inlet 230 and an outlet 250, wherein the outlet 250 is connected with the tank body 100 and is used for inputting gas into the tank body 100 to flow in the tank body 100 and flowing out from the outlet 110 of the tank body 100, the first inlet 220 and the second inlet 230 can enter gas with different temperatures, and control valves are arranged at the first inlet 220 and the second inlet 230 and can control the flow of the gas at the first inlet 220 and the second inlet 230 so as to control the temperature of the gas mixed in the mixing chamber. The mixing chamber may mix the gases entering the first inlet 220 and the second inlet 230.
An adjusting plate 210 in sealing contact with the mixing chamber is arranged in the mixing chamber, and the speed of the gas entering the tank body 100 can be controlled by adjusting the position of the adjusting plate 210. The number of the regulating plates 210 is preferably two, and the first inlet 220 and the second inlet 230 are provided in an area between the two regulating plates 210.
The outer surface of the mixing chamber is provided with an adjusting knob 240, and the adjusting knob 240 is used for adjusting the position of the adjusting plate 210. Can adjust the volume of gas mixture and then adjust the mixing chamber internal pressure through adjust knob 240, further control the velocity of flow and the pressure of gas at the exit, cooling gas direct action is at the molten bath back, controls the cooling degree of gas to the molten bath through the temperature and the velocity of flow of adjustment low temperature gas, controls the holding power size of gas to the molten bath through the pressure of adjustment low temperature gas to realize the effective regulation and control to molten bath thermodynamics and dynamics action.
The control device 200 can also realize the control of the cooling degree of the molten pool by throttling and cooling the throttle valve.
In conclusion, the application firstly proposes that low-temperature air flow is added outside the welding seam area on the back of the thick plate to be welded, so that the solidification rate and the flow behavior of a molten pool in the welding process are accelerated, the flow of the molten pool to the back of the welding seam is inhibited, and the defect of collapse of the back of the welding seam is eliminated. Meanwhile, the low-temperature gas loading device for realizing the low-temperature environment can realize effective control of the solidification rate and the stress condition of the molten pool by adjusting the temperature, the flow rate and the pressure of gas, so that the method does not need auxiliary environments such as vacuum, electromagnetism and the like and corresponding complex equipment, can achieve the purposes of improving the thermodynamics and dynamics behaviors of the molten pool and inhibiting the generation of the collapse defect only by adding low-temperature gas on the back of a welding line and adjusting the parameters such as the gas loading temperature, the speed, the pressure and the like, is simple and practical, and can be suitable for the actual requirements of industrial production.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011095218.1A CN112207442A (en) | 2020-10-14 | 2020-10-14 | Method and gas loading device for suppressing slump defects in laser penetration welding of thick plates |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011095218.1A CN112207442A (en) | 2020-10-14 | 2020-10-14 | Method and gas loading device for suppressing slump defects in laser penetration welding of thick plates |
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| CN112207442A true CN112207442A (en) | 2021-01-12 |
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| CN202011095218.1A Pending CN112207442A (en) | 2020-10-14 | 2020-10-14 | Method and gas loading device for suppressing slump defects in laser penetration welding of thick plates |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7022939B2 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2006-04-04 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Through weld for aluminum or aluminum alloy base metals by using high-density energy beams |
| CN102009274A (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2011-04-13 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | T-shaped joint single-beam laser and TIG (Tungsten Insert gas) compound single-sided welding and double-sided shaping method |
| CN102294545A (en) * | 2010-06-23 | 2011-12-28 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Laser penetration welding seam formation control method for Hass alloy conductive roller |
| CN103286451A (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2013-09-11 | 常熟理工学院 | Laser welding method for Mg-Gr-Y rare-earth magnesium alloy |
| CN104308367A (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2015-01-28 | 无锡汉神电气有限公司 | Stainless steel laser stitch welding device |
| CN104972218A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-10-14 | 德清县新高凌不锈钢材料有限公司 | Temperature control device of vacuum brazing furnace |
| CN108406145A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-08-17 | 湖南大学 | A kind of buoyant gas auxiliary welding device and the welding method using the device |
-
2020
- 2020-10-14 CN CN202011095218.1A patent/CN112207442A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7022939B2 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2006-04-04 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Through weld for aluminum or aluminum alloy base metals by using high-density energy beams |
| CN102009274A (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2011-04-13 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | T-shaped joint single-beam laser and TIG (Tungsten Insert gas) compound single-sided welding and double-sided shaping method |
| CN102294545A (en) * | 2010-06-23 | 2011-12-28 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Laser penetration welding seam formation control method for Hass alloy conductive roller |
| CN103286451A (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2013-09-11 | 常熟理工学院 | Laser welding method for Mg-Gr-Y rare-earth magnesium alloy |
| CN104308367A (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2015-01-28 | 无锡汉神电气有限公司 | Stainless steel laser stitch welding device |
| CN104972218A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-10-14 | 德清县新高凌不锈钢材料有限公司 | Temperature control device of vacuum brazing furnace |
| CN108406145A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-08-17 | 湖南大学 | A kind of buoyant gas auxiliary welding device and the welding method using the device |
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