Precision investment casting mold and casting method for spiral pump stator
Technical Field
The invention relates to a part casting process, in particular to an investment precision casting mold and a casting method of a screw pump stator.
Background
In the prior art, the traditional manufacturing process of the screw pump stator for the oil well causes the internal structure to be not compact. And because the operating environment is the abominable operating mode that has the silt, the oil well helical pump is with the life of stator very short to lead to the use of oil well helical pump and maintenance cost to improve greatly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an investment precision casting mold and a casting method of a spiral pump stator, which can improve the compactness of the internal structure of the stator, prolong the service life and the maintenance period of the stator and the spiral pump and improve the production efficiency of the stator.
Particularly, the invention provides an investment precision casting mold of a screw pump stator, which adopts a vertical pouring channel, two sides of the vertical pouring channel are respectively provided with a stator mold, one side of the stator mold facing the vertical pouring channel is a near side, one side of the stator mold far away from the vertical pouring channel is a far side, the near side is provided with a plurality of feeding heads, the stator mold is connected to the vertical pouring channel through the feeding heads, and the wall thickness of the stator mold is uniformly thickened from the far side to the near side.
Preferably, the wall surface of the stator mold increases the wall thickness margin in an involute line from the far side to the near side.
Preferably, the shell of the stator mold has an inner wall surface with a thickness smaller than that of an outer wall surface thereof.
Preferably, the number of layers of the inner wall surface of the shell is less than that of the outer wall surface of the shell, the number of layers of the inner wall surface is four, and the number of layers of the outer wall surface is six.
According to another aspect of the invention, the invention also discloses an investment precision casting method of the spiral pump stator, which comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing slurry, wherein the surface layer slurry is a uniform mixture of zircon powder and quick-drying silica sol; the transition layer slurry is a uniform mixture of fused quartz powder and quick-drying silica sol; the back layer slurry is a homogeneous mixture of mullite powder and quick-drying silica sol;
s2: preparing a wax mould, and preparing the wax mould of the stator by using a wax pressing machine;
s3: manufacturing a primary shell, immersing the wax mould into the surface layer slurry for multiple times, uniformly scattering zircon sand on the surface taken out each time, and immersing again after taking out and drying each time; immersing the wax mould into the transition layer slurry for multiple times, uniformly scattering mullite sand on the surface after each taking out, and immersing again after each taking out and drying;
s4: blocking two ends of the inner hole of the primary shell after the step S3 by using a sealing piece;
s5: manufacturing a finished shell, namely immersing the wax mold obtained in the step S4 into the back layer slurry for multiple times, uniformly scattering mullite sand on the surface after each taking out, and immersing again after each taking out and drying; obtaining a shell wrapping the wax mould;
s6: dewaxing and cleaning, and removing wax materials in the shell;
s7: roasting, namely placing the shell of S6 into a roasting furnace for roasting;
s8: and (3) forming parts, namely pouring the alloy into the shell at a set temperature to obtain the stator parts.
Preferably, the inner hole of the primary shell is filled with solid foam, and the inlet and outlet of the inner hole are blocked at step S4.
Preferably, in step S3, the number of layers of the inner hole and the outer wall surface of the primary shell is at least four, the first layer is that the wax mold is immersed in the surface layer slurry, zircon sand is uniformly spread on the surface of the wax mold, and the wax mold is dried for 3-4 hours; the second layer is the same as the first layer; the third layer is that the wax mould is immersed into the slurry of the transition layer, the mullite sand is uniformly scattered on the surface of the wax mould, and the wax mould is dried for 3-4 hours; the fourth layer is the same as the third layer.
Preferably, in step S5, the number of the outer wall surface layers of the finished shell mold is at least a fifth layer and a sixth layer, the fifth layer is formed by immersing the wax mold into the back layer slurry, uniformly scattering mullite sand on the surface, and drying for 2-3 hours; the sixth layer is the same as the fifth layer.
Preferably, in step S7, the baking environment of the shell is: the temperature of the roasting furnace is 950-1000 ℃, and the roasting time is 120 min.
Preferably, in step S8, the set temperature is 1640 to 1650 ℃.
The investment precision casting mould and the casting method of the screw pump stator have at least the following advantages:
1. the stator die has uniform wall thickness. The stator increases the feeding allowance from the near side to the far side in an involute mode, the wall surface of the near side close to the pouring channel is thicker, the wall surface of the far side far away from the pouring channel is thinner, the uniform wall thickness is formed, sequential solidification is realized, and the feeding channel is smooth.
2. The two stator molds are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the vertical pouring channel. The pouring efficiency is greatly improved, and the feeding capacity of the runner is maximized. Furthermore, the stator die is provided with a plurality of feeding heads near the proximal side of the runner, which also maximizes the feeding capacity of the runner.
3. The wall surface layer number of the inner hole of the shell of the stator mold is smaller than that of the outer wall surface of the shell, the wall surface of the inner hole of the shell becomes thin, and the cooling speed in pouring is improved. Then matching with involute feeding allowance of stator wall thickness to make stator produce perfect sequential solidification, and cooling to obtain uniform compact structure.
4. The filter layer adopts fused silica powder as a slurry powder material, and when the casting alloy is cooled, different layers of the shell are different in material, and the shrinkage rates of the zircon powder, the fused silica powder and the mullite powder are different, so that micro cracks are generated, and the shell material on the surface of the stator part can be quickly removed during final cleaning. Cracks are generated in the cooling process, so that the molding sand at the inner hole spiral part can be very easily cleaned after the stator workpiece is cooled.
5. Adding quick-drying silica sol (NP powder) into the shell slurry to enable the shell to generate tiny holes after roasting, and increasing the air permeability of the shell.
6. The zircon powder and zircon sand adopted by the surface layer can ensure that a workpiece can obtain a smooth surface, so that the surface profile of the part can be well ensured.
The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Some specific embodiments of the invention will be described in detail hereinafter, by way of illustration and not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in the drawings identify the same or similar elements or components. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are not necessarily to scale. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic elevation view of an investment casting mold for a screw pump stator of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an investment casting mold for a screw pump stator according to the present invention at a bird's eye view angle;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an investment casting mold for a screw pump stator of the present invention, the stator mold being shown;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the stator mold shown in FIG. 3 at a bird's eye view angle;
FIG. 5 is a simplified flow diagram of the present invention method for investment casting a screw pump stator.
The symbols in the drawings have the following meanings:
1-near side, 2-far side, 3-feeding head, 4-involute profile, 5-vertical runner, 6-pouring cup
Detailed Description
As shown in figures 1 and 2, the investment precision casting mould of the spiral pump stator adopts a vertical pouring channel 5. The vertical pouring channel 5 comprises a pouring channel and a pouring cup 6. Two sides of the vertical pouring gate 5 are respectively provided with a stator die. The two stator molds are symmetrical. Wherein, the side of the stator mould facing the vertical pouring channel 5 is set as a near side 1, and the side of the stator mould far away from the vertical pouring channel 5 is set as a far side 2. The proximal side 1 of the stator runner is provided with a plurality of feeding heads 3, in this embodiment two feeding heads 3 are present and evenly distributed along the axial direction of the stator. The stator mould is connected to the vertical runner 5 by a feeding head 3. This has improved the pouring efficiency greatly, makes the feeding ability maximize of runner.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the wall thickness of the stator mold is uniformly increased from the far side 2 to the near side 1. In the present embodiment, the wall surface of the stator mold increases the wall thickness margin in an involute form from the far side 2 to the near side 1, that is, the outer circumference of the outer wall of the stator mold has an involute profile 4, and the feeding margin is increased in an involute form. The wall of the near side 1 close to the pouring channel is thicker, and the wall of the far side 2 far away from the pouring channel is thinner, so that the uniform wall thickness is formed and the sequential solidification is realized, and the feeding channel is smooth.
Based on the casting mold and the stator mold shown in fig. 1-4, the invention is based on the flow chart shown in fig. 5: preparing slurry, preparing a wax mould, manufacturing a shell, dewaxing, cleaning, roasting, and casting.
S1: a slurry is prepared.
The shell of the present invention is designed to be multi-layered, and the shrinkage rate of each layer requires preparation of a plurality of different slurries to form a plurality of different shell layers surrounding the wax pattern. In this example, the slurries were three: surface layer slurry, transition layer slurry and back layer slurry. The facing slurry is a homogeneous mixture of zircon powder and quick-drying silica sol. The transition layer slurry is a uniform mixture of fused silica powder and quick-drying silica sol. The backing layer slurry was a homogeneous mixture of mullite powder and quick-drying silica sol.
The shrinkage rates of the three main materials, zircon powder, fused silica powder and mullite powder, are different. After the shell is prepared and molded, because the shrinkage rates of the three shell main materials are different, the shell can generate tiny cracks, so that the surface shell material can be quickly removed after the part is molded and when the part is cleaned. And the residual shell refractory material on the surface of the part can be easily cleaned by adopting common shot blasting or shot blasting equipment. Cracks are generated in the cooling process, so that the molding sand at the inner hole spiral part can be very easily cleaned after the stator workpiece is cooled.
S2: and (5) preparing a wax mould. And (4) pressing the stator wax pattern by a wax pressing machine through the mould according to the casting mould.
S3: and manufacturing a primary shell to obtain a multi-layer shell inner hole structure and an outer wall surface structure.
(301) And (3) immersing the wax mould into the surface layer slurry of S1, uniformly scattering zircon sand on the surface of the wax mould, and drying. In this embodiment, the zircon sand has a fineness of 80 to 100 meshes and is dried for 3 to 4 hours. Namely, the wax mold is immersed into the surface layer slurry, then taken out, uniformly sprinkled with 80-100 meshes of zircon sand on the surface, and dried for 3-4 hours to obtain the first layer of the shell. The first layer directly contacts the outer surface of the part to obtain a smooth-surfaced stator part, and the roughness of the surface of the part can reach Ra3.2.
(302) Repeat (301) again, resulting in a second layer.
(303) And (3) immersing the wax mould into the transition layer slurry, uniformly scattering mullite sand on the surface after the wax mould is taken out, and drying. In the embodiment, the mullite sand has the fineness of 60-80 meshes and is dried for 3-4 hours. Namely, the wax mold is immersed into the slurry of the transition layer, then taken out, uniformly sprinkled with 60-80-mesh mullite sand on the surface, and dried for 3-4 hours to obtain the third layer of the shell.
(304) Repeat (303) again to get a fourth layer.
S4: and (4) blocking two ends of the inner hole of the primary shell after the step S3 by using a sealing piece.
After S3, the number of layers of the inner hole of the primary shell is the same as the number of layers of the outer wall surface, and the number of layers is at least four. Then, the color bar foam is plugged into the inner hole to block the inlet and outlet of the inner hole, so that the slurry is prevented from entering the inner hole, and the number of layers of the inner hole is four all the time.
S5: and (5) manufacturing a finished shell, and continuously increasing the layer number of the outer wall surface of the shell.
(501) And (3) immersing the wax pattern into the back layer slurry, uniformly scattering mullite sand on the surface after taking out, and drying. In the embodiment, the fineness of the mullite sand is 20-40 h, 2-3 h. Namely, the wax mold is immersed into the back layer slurry, mullite sand of 20-40 meshes is uniformly scattered on the surface of the wax mold, and the fifth layer of the outer wall surface of the shell is obtained after drying for 2-3 hours.
(502) And repeating the step (501) to obtain a sixth layer of the outer wall surface of the shell.
According to the process of manufacturing the shells S3, S4 and S5, the inner wall surface of the stator casting shell has four layers in total, and the outer wall surface of the stator casting shell has 6 layers in total, so that the elements such as the roughness of the part surface, the operability of shell cleaning, the shrinkage rate of a shell material, gaps and the like are fully considered. The number of the inner hole wall surfaces is less than that of the outer wall surfaces of the shell, the inner hole wall surface of the shell becomes thin, and the cooling speed in pouring is improved. Then matching with involute feeding allowance of stator wall thickness to make stator produce perfect sequential solidification, and cooling to obtain uniform compact structure.
When other parts are prepared or the processing flow is improved by using the investment precision casting method, the total layer number of the shell, the transition layer number, the back layer number, the drying time and the like can be adjusted according to the requirements, the utilization rate of materials is improved, and the cost of the shell is reduced.
S6: and dewaxing and cleaning to remove wax materials in the shell.
Dewaxing of the shell is first performed. And (3) putting the shell of S3 into a dewaxing kettle, and keeping the shell at the temperature of 170-180 ℃ and the steam pressure of 0.6-0.7 MPa for 10-12 minutes. Removing the wax material in the shell. After dewaxing, steam is slowly discharged (the time is not less than 60 seconds).
Next, the shell is cleaned. And (3) injecting tap water into the dewaxed shell, putting the shell into the dewaxing kettle again, and keeping the shell for 3-5 minutes at the temperature of 170-180 ℃ and under the steam pressure of 0.6-0.7 MPa. And (5) quickly discharging steam (the time is not more than 10 seconds), and completely cleaning the residual wax materials of the shell. A
S7: and (4) roasting, namely putting the shell of the S4 into a roasting furnace for roasting.
The roasting environment of the shell is as follows: the temperature of the roasting furnace is 950-1000 ℃, the roasting time is 120min, and residual water and wax in the shell are removed.
S8: and (3) forming parts, namely pouring the alloy into the shell at a set temperature to obtain the stator parts.
And after the roasting time of the shell is up, refining the alloy required by the stator, and pouring the alloy into the shell at a set temperature of 1640-1650 ℃ to obtain the stator part with the pouring gate. And removing the pouring channel, polishing and removing the flash burrs on the surface of the part to obtain the stator product with the required shape.
Thus, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that while a number of exemplary embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described in detail herein, many other variations or modifications consistent with the principles of the invention may be directly determined or derived from the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be understood and interpreted to cover all such other variations or modifications.