CN111112552A - Precision casting forming method based on 3D printing technology - Google Patents
Precision casting forming method based on 3D printing technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN111112552A CN111112552A CN201911346946.2A CN201911346946A CN111112552A CN 111112552 A CN111112552 A CN 111112552A CN 201911346946 A CN201911346946 A CN 201911346946A CN 111112552 A CN111112552 A CN 111112552A
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- casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a precision casting molding method based on a 3D printing technology, which adopts three-dimensional modeling software to draw a digital model and a casting system of a casting, and then designs a core according to an inner cavity, thereby obtaining a model of a ceramic core with a positioning system. And parting according to the ceramic core structure so that the ceramic core can be assembled and put in, and dividing the process model into a front model and a rear model. And 3D printing the front and back models and the casting system by using an SLA photocuring process and 3D printing the ceramic core by using a 3DP ink-jet process. After the assembly is fixed, a prototype of the part is obtained containing the ceramic core and containing the resin casting system. And finally, carrying out shell making, roasting and casting through the traditional precision casting process to obtain the metal parts. The invention can realize the casting of the complex inner cavity structure casting without using a mould, and is very suitable for the process verification and the small-batch production of the complex inner cavity structure casting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of manufacturing of precision castings, in particular to a precision casting forming method based on a 3D printing technology.
Background
The 3D printing technology is an emerging technology in the field of manufacturing industry, which is rapidly developing and is called "manufacturing technology with industrial revolutionary significance". The manufacturing principle of the 3D printing technology is based on the idea of additive manufacturing, and the manufacturing technology is essentially different from the traditional processing technology in the process of realizing product molding through cutting, grinding, stamping and the like, parts with any complex shapes can be quickly and accurately manufactured on one device only by utilizing three-dimensional design data, a mold is not needed, the processing period is effectively shortened, the quick manufacturing of single-piece small-batch complex-shaped products is easy to realize, and the manufacturing technology has obvious cost and efficiency advantages in non-batch production. The 3D printing technology based on light curing (SL) is combined with the conventional investment casting process to form the rapid investment casting based on light curing (SL), the technological process is to replace a wax mold in the investment casting with a light curing (SL) resin prototype, coat refractory material on the light curing (SL) resin prototype to form a casting shell, burn and remove the resin prototype at high temperature, and finally carry out smelting and pouring, thereby achieving the purposes of shortening the production period and reducing the cost.
For a precision casting with a complex inner cavity, slurry sticking and floating sand spraying are not easy to perform in the inner cavity, so that a shell is not used in the inner cavity, and the process cannot realize the manufacturing of the casting with the complex inner cavity.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to solve the defects of the prior art and provide a rapid casting forming method which is convenient for forming a complex inner cavity.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a precision casting forming method based on a 3D printing technology comprises the following processes:
(1) adopting three-dimensional modeling software to draw digital models of a casting and a casting system, and drawing a digital model of a core according to an inner cavity of the casting; wherein the core comprises a locating structure;
(2) parting the casting model according to the core structure, and dividing the casting model into at least two halves, so that the core can be placed in the parted casting model;
(3) 3D printing the parting casting model and the casting system by using an SLA photocuring process, and 3D printing the mold core by using a 3DP ink-jet process to form a ceramic core;
(4) combining the printed ceramic core, the parting model of the casting and the casting system to form a part prototype
(5) Carrying out multiple slurry sticking, floating sand spraying and drying on the part to obtain a multilayer shell;
(6) roasting the shell, and removing a casting model from the shell, wherein the casting model is a cast system model;
(7) injecting a metal liquid into the casting system of the shell, and then cooling;
(8) removing the shell, cutting off the casting system, removing the ceramic core by using a mechanical shell vibrating and alkali blasting mode, and finally obtaining a casting;
wherein the positioning structure is used for fixing the ceramic core on the shell after roasting.
Furthermore, the parting casting model and the casting system are fixed with the ceramic core by melting and bonding with warm wax.
Further, roasting is divided into primary roasting and secondary roasting, wherein the primary roasting needs to be carried out by heating the roasting furnace to 500 ℃, then placing the shell, placing the shell into a postroasting furnace, heating to 800 ℃, and then preserving heat for 2 hours; and (3) washing with water to remove ash before secondary roasting. And (4) heating the secondary roasting to the shell temperature required by the metal, and keeping the temperature for 15 minutes to carry out casting.
Further, the casting and the casting system model are of hollow structures, the interiors of the casting and the casting system model are filled into honeycomb structures or cross net structures or other void structures which enable the interiors to be integrally communicated, and the internal filling rate is controlled to be below 8%.
Furthermore, in the floating sand spraying process, the sand sprayed for the next 1-3 times is coarse sand of 100-200 meshes, and the sand sprayed for the previous time is fine sand of 6-90 meshes.
The invention has the advantages that: the ceramic core can form a complex inner cavity structure, and a casting with a complex inner cavity can be quickly cast in small batches without die sinking, so that the die sinking cost and the manufacturing period are saved; the hollow model structure not only saves materials, but also is convenient for roasting, and has less dust deposition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the precision casting molding method based on the 3D printing technology of the present invention includes the following processes:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of adopting three-dimensional modeling software to draw digital models of castings and casting systems of the castings, firstly carrying out primary design on the casting systems, then carrying out mold flow analysis by utilizing procast software, and then improving the casting systems to obtain casting process models; simultaneously, drawing a digital model of a core according to the inner cavity of the casting, wherein the core comprises a positioning structure; the positioning structure is used for fixing the ceramic core on the shell after roasting.
(2) Parting the casting model according to the core structure, and dividing the casting model into at least two halves, so that the core can be placed in the parted casting model; the number of types depends on the number and the positions of the complex inner cavities, and the types are generally divided into two models, namely a front model and a rear model;
(3) 3D printing the parting casting model and the casting system by using an SLA photocuring process, and 3D printing the mold core by using a 3DP ink-jet process to form a ceramic core; the structural material of the SLA photocuring 3D printing model is crown photosensitive resin without antimony metal elements, and the structural material of the 3DP ink-jet printing model is zirconia ceramic powder containing an additive.
The casting and the casting system model are of hollow structures, the interiors of the casting and the casting system model are filled into honeycomb structures or cross net structures or other void structures which can enable the interiors to be integrally communicated, and the internal filling rate is controlled to be below 8%. The hollow structure can reduce the consumption of resin raw materials and save a large amount of cost; the problem of expansion of the resin during post-treatment is substantially eliminated; greatly reduceRemoving the residual ash from the forming step. Magics software from Materialize corporation (containing TetraShell)TMAnd (3) a software module. During data processing, the wall thickness of the shell, the length and the width of the inner supporting arm and the position of the discharge hole can be freely selected for placement. The light weight treatment is carried out by selecting proper parameters to avoid shell expansion during dewaxing.
When the solid wall thickness of the part is greater than 1.5mm, the shell is expanded by thermal expansion. The resin inside the hollow structure of the part must be drained clean. A device for throwing honey may be purchased and modified to a centrifugal dryer.
The part is placed in an ultraviolet lamp box for about 30 minutes, and not only can the uncured resin on the surface of the part be cured, the part is not stuck to the hand any more, but also the part is firmer and has more stable size.
The inclined surface has fine step marks due to the forming mode, and the inclined surface is generally required to be polished. Since the mold used for casting is of a hollow structure and has a thin wall, care must be taken in grinding. Very high surface finishes can be obtained after fine grinding and coating.
(4) And combining the printed ceramic core, the parting model of the casting and the casting system to form a part prototype, and melting, bonding and fixing by adopting warm wax during combination. The SL die may be "wax welded" directly to the runner, as with the normal wax die, and assembled in a manner that allows for removal of the SL die. The gate may be designed to be larger than the wax pattern to assist air entry into the combustion mold.
(5) Carrying out multiple slurry sticking, floating sand spraying and drying on the fixed part prototype to obtain a multilayer shell, wherein the prepared shell has seven layers, namely, the sand spraying is carried out for seven times, the sand sprayed for the first four times is fine sand, and the mesh number is 140; the sand sprayed for the last three times is coarse sand with the mesh number of 50; the inner layer adopts fine sand to ensure the accuracy of the metal mold, and the outer layer adopts coarse sand to improve the air permeability of the shell, thereby reducing the material cost.
Before hanging the first layer of slurry, the wax trees are cleaned, and whether bubbles appear is observed. If the sealing performance is poor, the sealing performance of the forming die is poor. When the wax tree is immersed in the slurry, the wax tree is prevented from being damaged by buoyancy. In order to enhance the strength of the shell, it is considered to add one more layer of shell or to adopt reinforcement.
(6) Roasting the shell, and removing a casting model from the shell, wherein the casting model is a cast system model; roasting is divided into primary roasting and secondary roasting, wherein the primary roasting needs to be carried out by heating the roasting furnace to 500 ℃, then placing the shell, placing the shell into a rear roasting furnace, heating to 800-; and (3) washing with water to remove ash before secondary roasting. And (4) heating the secondary roasting to the shell temperature required by the metal, and keeping the temperature for 15 minutes to carry out casting.
The die cannot melt like wax! Enough air must be introduced to burn out at high temperature! To ensure sufficient oxygen content in the furnace, the pouring cup needs to be overhead to facilitate air entry.
(7) Then injecting metal liquid into a casting system of the shell, and cooling;
(8) removing the shell, cutting off the casting system, removing the ceramic core by using a mechanical shell vibrating and alkali blasting mode, and grinding and polishing to obtain the casting with the complex inner cavity.
The molding method can realize the casting of the casting with the complex inner cavity structure without using a mold, and the obtained casting has higher dimensional precision, surface finish and casting consistency and is very suitable for the process verification and the small-batch production of the casting with the complex inner cavity structure.
Claims (5)
1. A precision casting forming method based on a 3D printing technology comprises the following processes:
(1) adopting three-dimensional modeling software to draw digital models of a casting and a casting system, and drawing a digital model of a core according to an inner cavity of the casting; wherein the core comprises a locating structure;
(2) parting the casting model according to the core structure, and dividing the casting model into at least two halves, so that the core can be placed in the parted casting model;
(3) 3D printing the parting casting model and the casting system by using an SLA photocuring process, and 3D printing the mold core by using a 3DP ink-jet process to form a ceramic core;
(4) combining the printed ceramic core, the parting model of the casting and the casting system to form a part prototype
(5) Carrying out multiple slurry sticking, floating sand spraying and drying on the part to obtain a multilayer shell;
(6) roasting the shell, and removing a casting model from the shell, wherein the casting model is a cast system model;
(7) injecting a metal liquid into the casting system of the shell, and then cooling;
(8) removing the shell, cutting off the casting system, removing the ceramic core by using a mechanical shell vibrating and alkali blasting mode, and finally obtaining a casting;
wherein the positioning structure is used for fixing the ceramic core on the shell after roasting.
2. The precision casting molding method of 3D printing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: the parting casting model and the casting system are fixed with the ceramic core by melting and bonding with warm wax.
3. The precision casting molding method of 3D printing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: roasting is divided into primary roasting and secondary roasting, wherein the primary roasting needs to be carried out by heating the roasting furnace to 500 ℃, then placing the shell, placing the shell into a postroasting furnace, heating to 800 ℃, and then preserving heat for 2 hours; and (3) washing with water to remove ash before secondary roasting. And (4) heating the secondary roasting to the shell temperature required by the metal, and keeping the temperature for 15 minutes to carry out casting.
4. The precision casting molding method of 3D printing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: the casting and the casting system model are of hollow structures, the interiors of the casting and the casting system model are filled into honeycomb structures or cross net structures or other void structures which can enable the interiors to be integrally communicated, and the internal filling rate is controlled to be below 8%.
5. The precision casting molding method of 3D printing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the floating sand spraying process, the surface layer of the shell is 70-140 meshes of fine sand, and the back layer is 30-60 meshes of coarse sand.
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| CN201911346946.2A CN111112552A (en) | 2019-12-24 | 2019-12-24 | Precision casting forming method based on 3D printing technology |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111421109A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-07-17 | 广东峰华卓立科技股份有限公司 | Casting method for preparing sand mold shell based on 3D printing |
| CN112496262A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-03-16 | 浙江省机电设计研究院有限公司 | Aluminum alloy casting rapid casting process based on SLS technology |
| CN113211601A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-08-06 | 昆山奥维三维科技有限公司 | Ceramic core and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113461412A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-10-01 | 西安交通大学 | Core-shell integrated casting mold with controllable gap and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114393751A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-04-26 | 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | Mold preparation method, mold and rail vehicle connecting piece |
| CN115042301A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-09-13 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method of integrated ceramic casting mold based on photo-cured surface exposure forming |
| CN115041631A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-09-13 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method of multi-material integrated casting mold of hollow turbine blade and casting mold |
| CN115584467A (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2023-01-10 | 广州聚镁材料科技有限公司 | Method for cleaning salt explosion in inner cavity of casting |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111421109A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-07-17 | 广东峰华卓立科技股份有限公司 | Casting method for preparing sand mold shell based on 3D printing |
| CN112496262A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-03-16 | 浙江省机电设计研究院有限公司 | Aluminum alloy casting rapid casting process based on SLS technology |
| CN113211601A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-08-06 | 昆山奥维三维科技有限公司 | Ceramic core and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113461412A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-10-01 | 西安交通大学 | Core-shell integrated casting mold with controllable gap and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114393751A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-04-26 | 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | Mold preparation method, mold and rail vehicle connecting piece |
| CN115042301A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-09-13 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method of integrated ceramic casting mold based on photo-cured surface exposure forming |
| CN115041631A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-09-13 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method of multi-material integrated casting mold of hollow turbine blade and casting mold |
| CN115042301B (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-08-15 | 西安交通大学 | Integrated ceramic mold preparation method based on light-cured surface exposure forming |
| CN115041631B (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-10-27 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method and casting mold of multi-material integrated casting mold for hollow turbine blades |
| CN115584467A (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2023-01-10 | 广州聚镁材料科技有限公司 | Method for cleaning salt explosion in inner cavity of casting |
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