CN112086756B - Integrated electric/magnetic alternative wave absorbing device and antenna array multi-state mutual coupling suppression method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated electromagnetic/electromagnetic alternative wave absorbing device and a multi-state mutual coupling suppression method of an antenna array. The method achieves the purpose of obviously inhibiting the mutual coupling of the H-plane phased array in a non-scanning/random beam scanning/difference beam multi-working state through the design of the working mode and the structural parameters of the wave-absorbing structure. Compared with an electromagnetic isolation method of a frequency selection device, the suppression method has small interference on the working frequency, standing waves and directional patterns of the antenna array; compared with the traditional material type wave-absorbing loading, the wave-absorbing structure is easy to install, low in cost and small in influence on the radiation efficiency and the gain performance of the antenna; compared with the conventional wave-absorbing design, the coupling inhibition can be only carried out on the working state of a specific antenna, and the coupling of the antenna in various working states can be effectively reduced by utilizing the alternative absorption design of electricity/magnetism. The resistance-loaded elliptical metal ring structure adopted by the invention realizes the mutual coupling inhibition of the array and the maintenance of the radiation performance of the array at the same time by designing the position relationship between the resistance-loaded elliptical metal ring structure and the electric field/current extreme value of the antenna. The wave-absorbing structure utilizes an alternating absorption design of electricity/magnetism, so that the antenna array can be effectively mutually coupled and restrained in a complex working state of any beam scanning.

Description

Integrated Electric/Magnetic Alternating Wave Absorber and Antenna Array Multi-State Mutual Coupling Suppression Method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of antennas (H05B6/72), in particular to an integrated electric/magnetic alternating wave absorbing device and a method for suppressing multi-state mutual coupling of an antenna array.

Background technique

Antenna mutual coupling suppression technology is an important research content of antenna arrays. It reduces the mutual coupling between array antenna elements by means of filtering, absorbing waves or metal isolation. Among many antenna forms, patch antennas are widely used in electromagnetic wave transceiver modules of communication systems due to their many advantages. Especially in high-speed communication systems such as 5G, patch arrays have become the main form of antenna function. With the development of related technologies, the mutual coupling problem of the patch antenna array has gradually become a key problem of the antenna system, and the reduction of the radiation performance caused by the mutual coupling of the array will greatly affect the overall communication function. When the array works in phased beam scanning, the mutual coupling problem in the scanning state is more complicated than that of the traditional array, which brings greater challenges to mutual coupling suppression. In the existing mutual coupling suppression technology, the material-type wave absorbing loading method has problems such as complicated installation, high cost, and great influence on the gain performance of the antenna; while the use of the filter structure will affect the standing wave performance of the antenna, and cannot Adapt to the phased array beam scanning state; using the traditional structural absorbing loading method, its working state is single, and it can only achieve mutual coupling suppression during certain specific beam scanning. These problems directly limit the development of phased antenna array technology, and in the long run, restrict the high-speed communication system, especially the research and development and realization of large-scale communication functions in the future.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the present invention provides an integrated electric/magnetic alternating wave absorbing device and an antenna array multi-state mutual coupling suppression method, which overcomes many disadvantages of traditional mutual coupling suppression methods such as wave absorbing and filtering. Different working modes of the absorbing structure are used to adapt to the different working states of the antenna, so as to realize the effective mutual coupling suppression of the phased array antenna system when working in multiple states.

The invention provides an integrated electric/magnetic alternating wave absorbing structure, comprising an elliptical annular metal microstrip structure and a loading resistor, wherein the elliptical annular metal microstrip structure is located between the array radiation patches and receives the mutual coupling energy between the patches And excite the electric/magnetic induction current on it; the loading resistor is a chip type resistor, which is connected with the elliptical ring to form a closed loop, and absorbs the induced current on the ring, thereby realizing the consumption of mutual coupling electromagnetic energy scattered.

Further improvement, the elliptical annular metal microstrip structure is printed on the dielectric board, which is in the same copper clad layer as the radiation patch of the H-plane array, and the copper clad backplane is printed on the lower layer of the dielectric board. If so, the suppression structure does not increase the height of the antenna section. .

Further improvement, the elliptical annular metal microstrip structure is in the shape of an elliptical ring, the center of which coincides with the center of the array, and the elliptical structure is not directly connected to the radiation patch. In order to enhance the electro-absorption intensity in the non-scanning state; at the same time, it is farthest from the two ends of the E surface of the patch to reduce the influence on the radiation performance of the array.

Further improvement, the elliptical annular metal microstrip structure has two symmetrical slits at the midline of its E surface for welding the loading resistor. If so, the electro-absorption strength of the resistor in the non-scanning state can be enhanced. The size of the slit is based on the selected resistor package. size.

In a further improvement, the size of the E-plane of the elliptical annular metal microstrip structure should be equal to or greater than the length of the radiation patch in the E-plane direction. If so, the magnetic absorption intensity in the differential beam working state can be enhanced.

In a further improvement, the loading resistance is welded at the gap of the elliptical microstrip structure to connect the elliptical microstrip ring, so as to dissipate the electromagnetic energy induced in the elliptical annular metal microstrip structure.

Further improvement, the loading resistors are located on both sides of the H-plane centerline of the elliptical annular metal microstrip structure. If so, the induced current in the general beam scanning state can be absorbed unbalanced, and the mutual coupling suppression of the array multi-state can be realized.

The present invention also provides a multi-state mutual coupling suppression method for realizing the H-plane phased patch antenna array by integrated electric/magnetic alternating absorption, comprising the following steps:

1) In the non-scanning working state of the array, using the characteristics of the same phase of the patch unit, the absorbing structure is induced by the radiation current, the parasitic current is excited on it, and the energy is absorbed by the loading resistance, so as to realize the non-scanning Array mutual coupling suppression of electroabsorption in state;

2) In the working state of the array difference beam, the magnetically induced current is excited on the annular metal structure by the radiated alternating magnetic field, and the energy is absorbed by the loading resistance by using the anti-phase feature of the patch unit to achieve the difference beam state. Array mutual coupling suppression of magnetic absorption;

3) In the general beam scanning working state of the array, the induced current is decomposed into two component forms of current and magnetic field, and the mutual-coupled electromagnetic energy of the array is dissipated through the unbalanced absorption of the loaded resistors on both sides to realize the array in any scanning state. Mutual coupling suppression.

Further improvement, the integrated electric/magnetic alternating absorption utilizes different absorption modes of the same structure to achieve effective mutual coupling suppression of the H-plane antenna array under multi-state operation such as non-scanning/differential beam/general beam scanning.

Further improvement, the integrated electric/magnetic alternating absorption adopts an elliptical metal microstrip structure, and by adjusting the relative position of the structure and the array, the structure is closest to the position of the extreme point of the patch current, so as to enhance the intensity of its inductive current , and at the same time make the structure farthest from the extreme point of the electric field of the patch to reduce the influence on the radiation performance of the array.

Further improvement, the integrated electric/magnetic alternating absorption adopts a closed annular metal microstrip structure, and by adjusting its aperture size, the magnetic field in the working state of the array differential beam can fully pass through the closed loop, so as to realize the magnetic field of mutual coupling energy of the array. Absorption to achieve mutual coupling suppression in the differential beam state.

Further improvement, the integrated electric/magnetic alternate absorption decomposes the induced current in the general beam scanning state into two component forms of electric/magnetic induction. If so, the resistances on both sides can perform unbalanced absorption of the induced current to achieve any working state. Array coupling suppression.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. Through the different absorbing modes of the same structure, the mutual coupling suppression in the multi-working state of the array is realized.

2. The suppression structure can be printed at the same time as the antenna, without the need to increase the process, thereby reducing the complexity of adding the structure, reducing the cost of adding, and reducing the installation space of the suppression structure.

3. The suppression structure and the radiation patch are printed on the same copper clad layer, so the section height of the antenna is not increased.

4. The elliptical annular metal microstrip structure is introduced, and the relative position relationship between it and the array is designed to enhance the mutual coupling suppression effect in the non-scanning working state, and at the same time reduce the influence of the suppression structure on the antenna radiation performance.

5. By introducing a closed annular metal structure, the magnetic absorption in the working state of the differential beam is realized, and the mutual coupling suppression in the differential beam state is achieved.

6. The suppression structure can realize the alternate absorption of double resistors in the general beam scanning state, and achieve mutual coupling suppression under any working state of the array.

7. The integrated electric/magnetic alternating absorption device has a simple structure, which simplifies the computational complexity of related designs and reduces the design difficulty of array suppression from the mechanism level.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is an H-plane phased patch antenna array without a mutual coupling suppression device.

Figure 2 is an H-plane phased patch antenna array with an integrated electric/magnetic alternating absorption device.

Figure 3 is a comparison of mutual coupling/reflection/radiation pattern performance when the array is in a non-scanning working state.

Fig. 4 is the performance comparison of mutual coupling/reflection/radiation pattern when the array difference beam is working.

Figure 5 is a comparison of mutual coupling/reflection/radiation pattern performance when the array is in a general beam scanning state.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. A specific embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 , in the embodiment of the integrated electric/magnetic alternating wave absorbing device and the method for suppressing the multi-state mutual coupling of the antenna array of the present invention, the antenna array is arranged along the x direction (H plane), Consists of the same radiating elements 1 and 2. The radiation unit is in the form of a back-feed patch antenna. The radiation patch is printed on the upper copper clad surface of the dielectric substrate 3 , and the metal backplane is printed on the lower copper clad surface of the dielectric substrate 3 . The antenna is polarized in the y direction. The array works in three working states: non-scanning, differential beam and general beam scanning. The length of the transmission line of the feed source is used to control the feed phase, so that the phase difference between the 1 and 2 antennas is 0°, 90° and 180°. The function of the mutual coupling suppression structure is to reduce the transmission coefficient between the radiation patch units 1 and 2 while maintaining the radiation performance of the antenna array. In this embodiment, the suppression structure is used to suppress the mutual coupling of the array in the form of a patch antenna. In other applications, coupling suppression in other antenna forms can also be implemented. The specific method is to investigate the current and magnetic field states of the antenna in different states, use the current coupling to realize the inductive induction of the structure, use the magnetic field coupling to realize the magnetic induction of the structure, and realize the mutual coupling suppression of the antenna array through the resistance absorption of the induced current. Such methods are based on the conventional design ideas of the present invention, and therefore should also belong to the protection scope of the present invention. In this embodiment, the wave absorbing structure suppresses the mutual coupling of the H-plane array. In other applications, the mutual coupling of the E-plane or arrays in other directions can also be suppressed. The specific methods are: (1) use the dual principle to establish a corresponding dual structure to realize mutual coupling suppression of the E-plane array; (2) carry out the array electric/magnetic/current analysis, and use the electromagnetic induction relationship between the analysis results and the structure to obtain the corresponding The mutual coupling suppression structure. Such methods are based on basic electromagnetic principles, and it is easy to obtain the design by using the method proposed by the present invention, so it should also belong to the protection scope of the present invention. In this embodiment, different absorption modes of the same structure are used to perform integrated design for different radiation characteristics of the array. In other applications, integrated multi-mode design for multi-state operation of other electromagnetic characteristics is also possible. The specific method is to analyze the electrical/magnetic/current characteristic characterization of the electromagnetic characteristics, and then construct the corresponding relationship with the structural mode characteristics, and further establish the cooperative working scheme of the mode and the electromagnetic characteristics. This kind of method directly utilizes the design idea of the method proposed by the present invention, so it should also belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The integrated electric/magnetic alternating absorption device involved in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2 , is composed of two parts, an elliptical annular metal microstrip structure 4 and a loading resistor 5 . The elliptical annular metal microstrip structure 4 is printed on the same metal copper clad layer as the radiation patches 1 and 2, and its center coincides with the center of the array. Symmetrical slits on both sides of the H-plane axis of the elliptical ring are used for welding the loading resistor 5 . Two identical resistors 5 are respectively welded to the gaps on both sides of the elliptical ring 4 , and form a closed loop with the elliptical ring 4 . In this case, the mutual coupled electromagnetic energy of the radiation patches 1 and 2 is induced to the elliptical annular metal microstrip structure 4 in the form of current/magnetism, and an induced current is formed thereon. The induced current is dissipated by the loading resistor 5 to form an integrated electric/magnetic absorption to realize mutual coupling suppression of the array. In this embodiment, a resistor is used as a dissipating device for the induced current. In other applications, a lossy device such as a lossy coating and a wave absorbing material can also be used for the attenuation of the induced current. The specific method is to coat the lossy material or connect it with the elliptical annular metal microstrip structure 4 through the metal structure, so as to attenuate the current on it, so as to achieve the effect of suppressing the mutual coupling of the array. This type of method is a relatively conventional design idea, and it is easy to obtain this design based on the method proposed by the present invention, so it should also belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In the non-scanning working state of the array, the currents of the radiation patches 1 and 2 are in the same phase, the extreme point of the current along the E-plane direction is located at the midpoint, and the distance between the elliptical annular metal microstrip structure 4 and this position is the closest, if so, it can be obtained Optimum electro-absorption effect; at the same time, the electric field extremes of radiation patches 1 and 2 are located on both sides of the patch along the E-plane direction, and the elliptical annular metal microstrip structure 4 is the farthest away from this position. If so, the suppression can be reduced. The effect of structure on the radiation performance of the antenna. In this embodiment, the elliptical annular wave absorbing structure printed at the center is selected as the device for receiving the inductive energy of the radiation patches 1 and 2. In other applications, the shape and position of the wave absorbing structure are determined according to different current/electric field environments. Adjustment can also achieve effective suppression of array mutual coupling. The specific method is to analyze the current/electric field extreme value of the radiation unit, adjust the positional relationship between the absorbing structure and the two, and determine the corresponding structure shape and position to achieve the optimal working effect. This type of design is completely based on the method proposed by the present invention, so it should also belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In the working state of the array difference beam, the radiation patches 1 and 2 have a 180° phase difference. If so, the magnetic fields excited by the two patches are superimposed in phase at the center line of the array along the H-plane direction, which is the magnetic field extremum point. The magnetic field is an alternating magnetic field, so a magnetically induced current is excited on the elliptical annular metal microstrip structure 4 , and energy is dissipated through the loading resistor 5 . The length of the elliptical annular metal microstrip structure 4 in the direction of the E-plane should be equal to or greater than the length of the radiation patches 1 and 2 in the direction of the E-plane, so as to obtain sufficient magnetic induction energy. It is worth mentioning that in this embodiment, the elliptical annular microstrip structure printed at the center position is selected as the device for receiving the magnetic induction energy of the radiation patches 1 and 2. In other applications, it can also be selected according to the magnetic field characteristics in the differential beam state. Other suitable closure structures.

In the normal beam scanning working state of the array, the radiation patches 1 and 2 have a phase difference of 90°. If so, the induced current on the elliptical annular metal microstrip structure 4 has both electric and magnetic induction components, and the induced current will be loaded by both sides. The resistor 5 is dissipated unbalanced to realize mutual coupling suppression of the array under any working state. It is worth mentioning that in this embodiment, the radiation effect at a phase difference of 90° is selected as an example of a general beam scanning state. In other applications, the structure has excellent suppression effect on any radiation state realized by any phase difference.

The design steps of the integrated electric/magnetic alternating absorption structure are divided into two processes: magnetic induction and electric induction. The specific methods are: first, analyze the distribution of the magnetic field under the working state of the differential beam, and construct a ring-shaped metal microstrip structure to make the magnetic field as far as possible. Pass through the ring structure; secondly, analyze the current/electric field of the radiation device under the non-scanning working state, so that the ring structure is the closest to the current extreme point, and the farthest distance to the excitation area of the radiation field; finally, according to the strength of the induced current Set the load resistor location and resistance value.

The design effect is shown in Figures 3, 4, and 5. In the three working states of the array, the mutual coupling between the radiating patches 1 and 2 is well suppressed, and the mutual coupling radiation value is reduced by 10dB. At the same time, the radiation performance of the array, including the reflection of the radiation patch and the radiation pattern of the array are not affected. The mutual coupling suppression of the multi-working state of the H-plane antenna array with integrated electromagnetic alternating absorption is realized.

There are many specific application ways of the present invention, and the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements can be made. These Improvements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. An integral type electricity/magnetism alternate wave absorbing device which characterized in that: the antenna comprises an elliptical annular metal micro-strip structure and a loading resistor, wherein the elliptical annular metal micro-strip structure is positioned in the middle of a phased patch antenna array arranged along an H surface, the center of the elliptical annular metal micro-strip structure is superposed with the center of the array, the length of an E surface is equal to or larger than the size of a patch, the elliptical annular metal micro-strip structure and the phased patch antenna array arranged along the H surface are printed on the same copper-coated layer of a dielectric plate, a metal-coated back plate is printed on the lower layer of the dielectric plate, and the elliptical annular metal micro-strip structure is used for inducing and radiating mutual coupling energy between patches; two symmetrical gaps are formed on two sides of the H-plane shaft and used for welding the loading resistor; the loading resistor is welded at the gap of the elliptical annular metal micro-strip structure and is connected with the elliptical annular metal micro-strip structure to form a closed loop for attenuating induced current on the loading resistor and dissipating mutual coupling energy between the patches.

2. The integrated electric/magnetic alternative wave absorbing device according to claim 1, wherein: the elliptic annular metal microstrip structure is provided with two symmetrical gaps at the central line of the plane E for welding the loading resistor, and the size of the gaps is determined according to the selected resistor packaging size.

3. The integrated electric/magnetic alternative wave absorbing device according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein: the loading resistor is welded at a gap formed in the elliptical annular metal micro-strip structure and is connected with the elliptical annular metal micro-strip structure to form a closed loop, and the resistance value and the power capacity of the loading resistor are specifically determined according to the induced current and the power capacity of the antenna.

4. A method for realizing multi-state mutual coupling suppression of an H-plane phased patch antenna array by using the integrated electric/magnetic alternative wave absorbing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) under the non-scanning working state of the array, the characteristic that the patch units are in the same phase is utilized, the wave absorbing structure is subjected to electric induction through the radiation current, parasitic current is excited on the wave absorbing structure, and the energy of the parasitic current is absorbed by means of a loading resistor, so that the electric absorption mutual coupling inhibition of the array under the non-scanning state is realized;

2) under the working state of array difference wave beams, magnetic induction current is excited on the elliptical annular metal micro-strip structure through a radiated alternating magnetic field by utilizing the characteristic of the reverse phase of a patch unit, and the energy of the magnetic induction current is absorbed by virtue of a loading resistor, so that the array cross coupling inhibition of magnetic absorption under the state of difference wave beams is achieved;

3) under the common wave beam scanning working state of the array, induced current on the elliptical annular metal micro-strip structure is decomposed into two component forms of electric field induction and magnetic field induction, currents on two sides of a central axis of an H surface on the elliptical annular metal micro-strip structure are in non-in-phase characteristics, and cross-coupling electromagnetic energy of the array is dissipated through unbalanced absorption of loading resistors on two sides, so that cross-coupling inhibition of the array in any scanning state is realized;

4) under the different states of non-scanning/differential beam/general beam scanning, the effective mutual coupling suppression of the H-plane antenna array is realized by using different absorption modes with the same structure.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the distance between the elliptical annular metal micro-strip structure and the current extreme point of the radiation patch is minimum, so that the mutual coupling suppression effect in a non-scanning state is improved; the elliptical annular metal micro-strip structure is farthest away from an electric field extreme point so as to reduce the influence of the structure on the array radiation performance.

Images