CN117525906A - Multifunctional electromagnetic super-surface integrating wave absorption, transmission, polarization torsion and diffuse scattering - Google Patents
Multifunctional electromagnetic super-surface integrating wave absorption, transmission, polarization torsion and diffuse scattering Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明属于多功能电磁超材料技术领域，具体是一种集吸波、透射、极化扭转和漫散射于一体的多功能电磁超表面。The invention belongs to the technical field of multifunctional electromagnetic metamaterials, and is specifically a multifunctional electromagnetic metasurface that integrates wave absorption, transmission, polarization torsion and diffuse scattering.
背景技术Background technique
电磁超材料，具有可控的介电常数与磁导率，使得它具有远超自然材料的电磁波束调控能力，在隐身设备、电磁透镜及天线系统等方面都有着重要应用。典型的如基于吸收与传输一体化的超材料雷达罩能够在天线的工作带内传输信号，带外吸收外界的入射电磁波，从而极大的降低雷达散射截面(RCS)，在军事通信领域具有极大的应用价值。Electromagnetic metamaterials have controllable dielectric constants and magnetic permeabilities, which enable them to control electromagnetic beams far beyond metamaterials. They have important applications in stealth equipment, electromagnetic lenses, and antenna systems. Typical metamaterial radomes based on the integration of absorption and transmission can transmit signals within the working band of the antenna and absorb incident electromagnetic waves from the outside, thereby greatly reducing the radar cross section (RCS), which is extremely useful in the field of military communications. great application value.
传统的电磁超表面由于功能的单一性，难以满足现代战场复杂的电磁环境。且随着天线功能的日益增多，对其提出了更高的设计需求，期望实现带内无损传输带外RCS缩减，这是单一功能超表面难以实现的。多功能电磁超表面能够拓展传统电磁设备应用场景的适应性与生存能力，在信息安全、抗电磁干扰、雷达天线罩、电磁信息与体系对抗等领域有着重要的学术价值和应用前景，进一步探索宽频多功能电磁超材料的综合设计，可以应对各种复杂电磁环境智能战术的迫切需求。Due to the single function, traditional electromagnetic metasurfaces are difficult to meet the complex electromagnetic environment of modern battlefields. And with the increasing functions of antennas, higher design requirements have been put forward for them, hoping to achieve lossless transmission within the band and RCS reduction outside the band, which is difficult to achieve with a single-function metasurface. Multifunctional electromagnetic metasurfaces can expand the adaptability and survivability of traditional electromagnetic equipment application scenarios. They have important academic value and application prospects in the fields of information security, anti-electromagnetic interference, radar radomes, electromagnetic information and system confrontation, and further explore broadband The comprehensive design of multifunctional electromagnetic metamaterials can meet the urgent needs of intelligent tactics in various complex electromagnetic environments.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种集吸波、透射、极化扭转和漫散射于一体的多功能电磁超表面。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional electromagnetic metasurface that integrates wave absorption, transmission, polarization twisting and diffuse scattering.
实现本发明目的的技术解决方案为：一种集吸波、透射、极化扭转和漫散射于一体的多功能电磁超表面，包括第一损耗层、第二损耗层、频选层，其中：The technical solution to achieve the object of the present invention is: a multifunctional electromagnetic metasurface integrating wave absorption, transmission, polarization torsion and diffuse scattering, including a first loss layer, a second loss layer and a frequency selective layer, wherein:
所述第一损耗层、第二损耗层均由金属条带、第一螺旋电感、第二螺旋电感及电阻构成；第一螺旋电感由矩形金属螺线构成，第二螺旋电感由曲折金属线构成，第一螺旋电感和第二螺旋电感分别印刷在介质基板的正面和背面；正面的第一螺旋电感印刷于介质基板正面的四周，通过金属通孔与对应位置的背面第二螺旋电感相连；每个第一螺旋电感的两侧各加载一个电阻，第一螺旋电感和电阻通过矩形的金属条带相连；频选层由相互正交的栅格和对角结构构成；在频选层的上方加载第二损耗层、第一损耗层，层与层之间通过空气隔开。The first loss layer and the second loss layer are both composed of metal strips, a first spiral inductor, a second spiral inductor and a resistor; the first spiral inductor is composed of a rectangular metal spiral, and the second spiral inductor is composed of a zigzag metal wire. , the first spiral inductor and the second spiral inductor are printed on the front and back of the dielectric substrate respectively; the first spiral inductor on the front is printed around the front of the dielectric substrate, and is connected to the second spiral inductor on the back at the corresponding position through a metal through hole; each A resistor is loaded on both sides of a first spiral inductor. The first spiral inductor and the resistor are connected through a rectangular metal strip; the frequency selection layer is composed of mutually orthogonal grids and diagonal structures; a load is loaded above the frequency selection layer The second lossy layer and the first lossy layer are separated by air.
本发明与现有技术相比，其显著优点为：(1)加载螺旋电感，可实现无损通带的设计，实现高频段透射功能；加载电阻，实现低频段吸波功能。通过在金属栅格的频选层中引入对角结构，可实现极化扭转和漫散射功能。(2)通过加载相似结构的损耗层，可实现吸波功能和透射功能频段的连续性。(3)功能种类可达到4种，传统超表面功能种类一般局限于2种。Compared with the existing technology, the significant advantages of the present invention are: (1) Loading a spiral inductor can realize a lossless passband design and realize high-frequency transmission function; loading a resistor can realize a low-frequency wave absorption function. By introducing diagonal structures into the frequency-selective layer of the metal grid, polarization twisting and diffuse scattering functions can be achieved. (2) By loading a loss layer with a similar structure, the continuity of the absorption function and transmission function band can be achieved. (3) Functional types can reach 4 types, while traditional metasurface functional types are generally limited to 2 types.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
图1是本发明集吸波、透射、极化扭转和漫散射于一体的多功能电磁超表面单元的整体结构图。Figure 1 is an overall structural diagram of the multifunctional electromagnetic metasurface unit of the present invention that integrates wave absorption, transmission, polarization twisting and diffuse scattering.
图2是本发明集吸波、透射、极化扭转和漫散射于一体的多功能电磁超表面单元的损耗层结构图。Figure 2 is a structural diagram of the loss layer of the multifunctional electromagnetic metasurface unit of the present invention that integrates wave absorption, transmission, polarization twisting and diffuse scattering.
图3是本发明集吸波、透射、极化扭转和漫散射于一体的多功能电磁超表面单元的频选层结构图。Figure 3 is a frequency selective layer structure diagram of the multifunctional electromagnetic metasurface unit of the present invention that integrates wave absorption, transmission, polarization twisting and diffuse scattering.
图4是本发明集吸波、透射、极化扭转和漫散射于一体的多功能电磁超表面单元的整体结构图(“0”单元)和其频选层的对角结构旋转90°后得到的单元整体结构图(“1”单元)，图(a)是“0”单元示意图，图(b)是“1”单元示意图。Figure 4 is an overall structural diagram of the multifunctional electromagnetic metasurface unit ("0" unit) of the present invention that integrates wave absorption, transmission, polarization twisting and diffuse scattering, and the diagonal structure of its frequency selective layer obtained after rotating 90° The overall structure diagram of the unit ("1" unit), Figure (a) is the schematic diagram of the "0" unit, and Figure (b) is the schematic diagram of the "1" unit.
图5是本发明集吸波、透射、极化扭转和漫散射于一体的多功能电磁超表面的整体结构图，超表面“0”单元和“1”单元各自组成5×5的子阵，子阵组成棋盘式排布的超表面阵列示意图。Figure 5 is an overall structural diagram of the multifunctional electromagnetic metasurface of the present invention that integrates wave absorption, transmission, polarization twisting and diffuse scattering. The metasurface "0" unit and "1" unit each form a 5×5 sub-array. A schematic diagram of a metasurface array composed of sub-arrays arranged in a checkerboard pattern.
图6是本发明集吸波、透射、极化扭转和漫散射于一体的多功能电磁超表面在x极化入射波下的反射系数Rxx(x极化入射波转化为x极化波的反射系数)和透射系数Tyx(x极化入射波转化为y极化波的透射系数)结果图。Figure 6 is the reflection coefficient Rxx of the multifunctional electromagnetic metasurface of the present invention that integrates wave absorption, transmission, polarization twisting and diffuse scattering under x-polarized incident waves (the reflection of x-polarized incident waves converted into x-polarized waves) Coefficient) and transmission coefficient Tyx (transmission coefficient of x-polarized incident wave converted into y-polarized wave) result diagram.
图7是本发明集吸波、透射、极化扭转和漫散射于一体的多功能电磁超表面在y极化入射波下的反射系数Ryy(y极化入射波转化为y极化波的反射系数)和透射系数Txy(y极化入射波转化为x极化波的透射系数)结果图。Figure 7 is the reflection coefficient Ryy of the multifunctional electromagnetic metasurface of the present invention that integrates wave absorption, transmission, polarization twisting and diffuse scattering under y-polarized incident waves (the reflection of y-polarized incident waves converted into y-polarized waves) Coefficient) and transmission coefficient Txy (transmission coefficient of y-polarized incident wave converted into x-polarized wave) result diagram.
图8是本发明集吸波、透射、极化扭转和漫散射于一体的多功能电磁超表面的“0”单元和“1”单元之间相位差结果。Figure 8 is the phase difference result between the "0" unit and the "1" unit of the multifunctional electromagnetic metasurface of the present invention that integrates wave absorption, transmission, polarization twisting and diffuse scattering.
图9是本发明集吸波、透射、极化扭转和漫散射于一体的多功能电磁超表面的漫散射结果。Figure 9 is the diffuse scattering result of the multifunctional electromagnetic metasurface of the present invention that integrates wave absorption, transmission, polarization twisting and diffuse scattering.
图10是本发明集吸波、透射、极化扭转和漫散射于一体的多功能电磁超表面的实物图。Figure 10 is a physical diagram of the multifunctional electromagnetic metasurface of the present invention that integrates wave absorption, transmission, polarization twisting and diffuse scattering.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明进行作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
结合图1，本发明是一种工作于2～12GHz频段的集吸波、透射、极化扭转和漫散射于一体的多功能电磁超表面，包括第一损耗层1、第二损耗层2、频选层3，其中：Referring to Figure 1, the present invention is a multifunctional electromagnetic metasurface that operates in the 2-12GHz frequency band and integrates wave absorption, transmission, polarization torsion and diffuse scattering. It includes a first loss layer 1, a second loss layer 2, Frequency selection layer 3, where:
所述第一损耗层1、第二损耗层2均由金属条带4、第一螺旋电感5、第二螺旋电感6及电阻8构成；第一螺旋电感5由矩形金属螺线构成，第二螺旋电感6由曲折金属线构成，第一螺旋电感5和第二螺旋电感6分别印刷在介质基板的正面和背面；正面的4个第一螺旋电感5印刷于介质基板正面的四周，通过金属通孔7与对应位置的背面第二螺旋电感6相连；在第一螺旋电感5的两侧各加载1个电阻8，共加载8个电阻，螺旋电感和电阻通过矩形的金属条带4相连；频选层是由相互正交的栅格9和对角结构10构成；在频选层3的上方加载第二损耗层2、第一损耗层1，层与层之间通过空气隔开。The first loss layer 1 and the second loss layer 2 are both composed of a metal strip 4, a first spiral inductor 5, a second spiral inductor 6 and a resistor 8; the first spiral inductor 5 is composed of a rectangular metal spiral, and the second spiral inductor 5 is composed of a rectangular metal spiral. The spiral inductor 6 is composed of meandering metal wires. The first spiral inductor 5 and the second spiral inductor 6 are printed on the front and back of the dielectric substrate respectively; the four first spiral inductors 5 on the front are printed around the front of the dielectric substrate and are connected through metal passes. The hole 7 is connected to the second spiral inductor 6 on the back side at the corresponding position; a resistor 8 is loaded on both sides of the first spiral inductor 5, for a total of 8 resistors. The spiral inductor and the resistor are connected through a rectangular metal strip 4; frequency The selection layer is composed of mutually orthogonal grids 9 and diagonal structures 10; a second loss layer 2 and a first loss layer 1 are loaded above the frequency selection layer 3, and the layers are separated by air.
第一损耗层1、第二损耗层2的尺寸大小和加载的电阻阻值不同。The first loss layer 1 and the second loss layer 2 have different sizes and loaded resistor values.
所述第一损耗层1、第二损耗层2的板材采用Rogers RT/duroid 5880微波基片加工而成。所述金属条带4、第一螺旋电感5、第二螺旋电感6的材料为金属铜。电阻8为0402封装的厚膜电阻，加载于第一损耗层1的电阻阻值为180Ω，加载于第二损耗层2的电阻阻值为220Ω。The plates of the first loss layer 1 and the second loss layer 2 are processed using Rogers RT/duroid 5880 microwave substrate. The material of the metal strip 4, the first spiral inductor 5, and the second spiral inductor 6 is metal copper. Resistor 8 is a thick film resistor in a 0402 package. The resistance of the resistor loaded on the first loss layer 1 is 180Ω, and the resistance of the resistor loaded on the second loss layer 2 is 220Ω.
所述频选层3从上往下依次是：栅格9、介质基板、对角结构10、介质基板、栅格9，介质基板材料为F4BM220，栅格9和对角结构10的材料为金属铜。栅格9是由矩形贴片构成，分别位于频选层的正面和背面，正面和背面的栅格呈现相互正交的关系；对角结构10是由一对“V”形结构构成，位于两层介质基板之间。From top to bottom, the frequency selective layer 3 is: grid 9, dielectric substrate, diagonal structure 10, dielectric substrate, grid 9. The material of the dielectric substrate is F4BM220, and the material of grid 9 and diagonal structure 10 is metal. copper. Grid 9 is composed of rectangular patches, which are located on the front and back of the frequency selection layer. The grids on the front and back are orthogonal to each other; the diagonal structure 10 is composed of a pair of "V"-shaped structures, located on both sides. between layers of dielectric substrates.
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的多功能电磁超表面进行详细说明。The multifunctional electromagnetic metasurface of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
实施例Example
结合图1～3，本发明的集吸波、透射、极化扭转和漫散射于一体的多功能电磁超表面，其工作频率为2～12GHz，它主要由损耗层1、损耗层2、频选层3三部分组成。所述损耗层所用材料为厚度0.508mm的Rogers RT/duroid 5880微波基片，由金属条带4、螺旋电感5、螺旋电感6和电阻8构成，介质基板正面和背面的螺旋电感通过金属通孔7连接。螺旋电感5、螺旋电感6的材料为金属铜，电阻8为0402封装的厚膜电阻。损耗层1和损耗层2的区别在于两者的尺寸大小和加载的电阻阻值不同，加载于损耗层1的电阻阻值为180Ω,加载于损耗层2的电阻阻值为220Ω。频选层所用材料为厚度2mm的F4BM220微波基片，由相互正交的栅格9和对角结构10构成，其所用材料为金属铜。在频选层的上方加载损耗层，层与层之间通过空气隔开。With reference to Figures 1 to 3, the multifunctional electromagnetic metasurface of the present invention integrates wave absorption, transmission, polarization torsion and diffuse scattering. Its operating frequency is 2 to 12 GHz. It mainly consists of a loss layer 1, a loss layer 2, a frequency Select layer 3 consists of three parts. The material used in the loss layer is Rogers RT/duroid 5880 microwave substrate with a thickness of 0.508mm, which is composed of metal strip 4, spiral inductor 5, spiral inductor 6 and resistor 8. The spiral inductors on the front and back of the dielectric substrate pass through metal through holes. 7 connections. The material of spiral inductor 5 and spiral inductor 6 is metallic copper, and resistor 8 is a thick film resistor in 0402 package. The difference between loss layer 1 and loss layer 2 lies in the size and resistance of the resistor loaded on them. The resistance of the resistor loaded on loss layer 1 is 180Ω, and the resistance of the resistor loaded on loss layer 2 is 220Ω. The material used for the frequency selective layer is an F4BM220 microwave substrate with a thickness of 2 mm, which is composed of mutually orthogonal grids 9 and diagonal structures 10. The material used is metallic copper. A lossy layer is loaded above the frequency selective layer, and the layers are separated by air.
图4是本发明集吸波、透射、极化扭转和漫散射于一体的多功能电磁超表面单元的整体结构图(“0”单元)和其频选层的对角结构旋转90°后得到的单元整体结构图(“1”单元)，图(a)是“0”单元示意图，图(b)是“1”单元示意图。Figure 4 is an overall structural diagram of the multifunctional electromagnetic metasurface unit ("0" unit) of the present invention that integrates wave absorption, transmission, polarization twisting and diffuse scattering, and the diagonal structure of its frequency selective layer obtained after rotating 90° The overall structure diagram of the unit ("1" unit), Figure (a) is the schematic diagram of the "0" unit, and Figure (b) is the schematic diagram of the "1" unit.
图5是本发明集吸波、透射、极化扭转和漫散射于一体的多功能电磁超表面的整体结构图，超表面“0”单元和“1”单元各自组成5×5的子阵，子阵组成棋盘式排布的超表面阵列示意图。Figure 5 is an overall structural diagram of the multifunctional electromagnetic metasurface of the present invention that integrates wave absorption, transmission, polarization twisting and diffuse scattering. The metasurface "0" unit and "1" unit each form a 5×5 sub-array. A schematic diagram of a metasurface array composed of sub-arrays arranged in a checkerboard pattern.
图6是本发明集吸波、透射、极化扭转和漫散射于一体的多功能电磁超表面在x极化入射波下的反射系数Rxx和透射系数Tyx结果图。当入射波为x极化时，超表面可在2-8GHz频段内实现对x极化波的吸波功能，在8-12GHz频段内，x极化入射波经超表面被极化扭转为y极化透射波，实现极化扭转和透射功能。Figure 6 is a graph showing the results of the reflection coefficient Rxx and transmission coefficient Tyx of the multifunctional electromagnetic metasurface of the present invention that integrates wave absorption, transmission, polarization twisting and diffuse scattering under x-polarized incident waves. When the incident wave is x-polarized, the metasurface can absorb the x-polarized wave in the 2-8GHz frequency band. In the 8-12GHz frequency band, the x-polarized incident wave is polarized and twisted into y by the metasurface. Polarized transmitted waves realize polarization torsion and transmission functions.
图7是本发明集吸波、透射、极化扭转和漫散射于一体的多功能电磁超表面在y极化入射波下的反射系数Ryy和透射系数Txy结果图。当入射波为y极化时，超表面可在2-8GHz频段内实现对y极化波的吸波功能，在8-12GHz频段内，y极化入射波经超表面被极化扭转为x极化反射波，实现极化扭转和反射功能。Figure 7 is a graph showing the results of the reflection coefficient Ryy and transmission coefficient Txy of the multifunctional electromagnetic metasurface of the present invention that integrates wave absorption, transmission, polarization twisting and diffuse scattering under y-polarized incident waves. When the incident wave is y-polarized, the metasurface can absorb the y-polarized wave in the 2-8GHz frequency band. In the 8-12GHz frequency band, the y-polarized incident wave is polarized and twisted by the metasurface into x Polarized reflected waves realize polarization torsion and reflection functions.
图8是本发明集吸波、透射、极化扭转和漫散射于一体的多功能电磁超表面的“0”单元和“1”单元之间相位差结果。“0”单元与“1”单元在2-12GHz频段内相位差稳定在180°，实现电磁波的反相相消。Figure 8 is the phase difference result between the "0" unit and the "1" unit of the multifunctional electromagnetic metasurface of the present invention that integrates wave absorption, transmission, polarization twisting and diffuse scattering. The phase difference between the "0" unit and the "1" unit is stable at 180° in the 2-12GHz frequency band, achieving anti-phase cancellation of electromagnetic waves.
图9是本发明集吸波、透射、极化扭转和漫散射于一体的多功能电磁超表面的漫散射结果。相比于等大的金属地板，超表面可实现TM波的2-12频段内5dB以上的雷达散射截面(RCS)的缩减；超表面可实现TE波的2-8频段内5dB以上的雷达散射截面(RCS)的缩减。Figure 9 is the diffuse scattering result of the multifunctional electromagnetic metasurface of the present invention that integrates wave absorption, transmission, polarization twisting and diffuse scattering. Compared with metal floors of equal size, metasurfaces can reduce radar scattering cross section (RCS) by more than 5dB in the 2-12 frequency band of TM waves; metasurfaces can reduce radar scattering by more than 5dB in the 2-8 frequency band of TE waves. Reduction of cross section (RCS).
图10是本发明集吸波、透射、极化扭转和漫散射于一体的多功能电磁超表面的实物图。剖面高度为14.93mm，相当于0.099λL(低频波长)。Figure 10 is a physical diagram of the multifunctional electromagnetic metasurface of the present invention that integrates wave absorption, transmission, polarization twisting and diffuse scattering. The profile height is 14.93mm, which is equivalent to 0.099λ L (low frequency wavelength).
综上所述，本发明提出一种工作于2-12GHz频段内的集吸波、透射、极化扭转和漫散射于一体的多功能电磁超表面，由损耗层、频选层构成，可在2-8GHz频段实现吸波功能；8-12GHz频段实现极化扭转和透射功能；全频段实现5dB以上的雷达散射截面(RCS)缩减。该超表面能与载体平台相结合，实现天线带内透波带外隐身的一体化设计，可助力于更高性能隐身和强敌突防。To sum up, the present invention proposes a multifunctional electromagnetic metasurface that operates in the 2-12GHz frequency band and integrates wave absorption, transmission, polarization torsion and diffuse scattering. It is composed of a loss layer and a frequency selective layer and can be used in The 2-8GHz frequency band realizes the wave absorption function; the 8-12GHz frequency band realizes the polarization torsion and transmission functions; the whole frequency band realizes the radar scattering cross section (RCS) reduction of more than 5dB. The metasurface energy is combined with the carrier platform to achieve an integrated design of in-band and out-of-band stealth, which can help achieve higher-performance stealth and powerful enemy penetration.
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