CN112063964A - Energy-saving and environment-friendly stainless steel surface hardening process method - Google Patents
Energy-saving and environment-friendly stainless steel surface hardening process method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112063964A CN112063964A CN202010998735.3A CN202010998735A CN112063964A CN 112063964 A CN112063964 A CN 112063964A CN 202010998735 A CN202010998735 A CN 202010998735A CN 112063964 A CN112063964 A CN 112063964A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
- C23C8/38—Treatment of ferrous surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/80—After-treatment
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- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an energy-saving and environment-friendly stainless steel surface hardening process method, which is mainly characterized in that in a carburizing atmosphere lower than one atmospheric pressure, a process of carburizing by utilizing glow discharge generated between a workpiece (cathode) and an anode is utilized, the process is called as an ion carburizing technology, high-voltage direct current is conducted between the cathode and the anode in a vacuum ion carburizing furnace, methane or other carbon-containing gas and hydrogen gas mixed gas introduced into vacuum are ionized, glow discharge is generated around the workpiece, positive ions generated by gas decomposition move to the workpiece serving as the cathode at high speed, electrons move to the anode, the positive ions are ejected to the cathode under the acceleration of an electric field and collide with central particles for many times in a cathode potential drop area to generate more particles, the ions impact the surface of the workpiece at high speed under the action of the electric field, the energy is converted from kinetic energy to heat energy, the workpiece is heated to a certain temperature, a large amount of active carbon atoms are enriched on the surface of the workpiece, the invention can effectively improve the wear resistance of the stainless steel, has obvious effect, saves energy, protects environment, has low consumption and low pollution, and further expands the market application field of the stainless steel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of stainless steel materials, and particularly relates to an energy-saving and environment-friendly stainless steel surface hardening process method.
Background
Stainless steel is short for stainless acid-resistant steel, and is classified into martensitic steel, ferritic steel, austenitic steel, austenite-ferrite (duplex) stainless steel, precipitation hardening stainless steel and the like according to the structure state, and can be further classified into chromium stainless steel, chromium-nickel stainless steel, chromium-manganese-nitrogen stainless steel and the like according to the components, and the types of the stainless steel are very many, and the stainless steel is widely applied to the industrial fields of petroleum, chemical engineering, medicine, food, electronics and the like, but the stainless steel on the market at present has low carbon content and low surface hardness, the surface hardness of the stainless steel in a solid solution state is only about 200HV, so that the low hardness directly causes the poor wear resistance of the stainless steel, the service cycle is short, and the stainless steel obviously cannot reach the use standard in the industries with high wear resistance requirements, and the application field of the stainless steel is directly limited, in order to improve the hardness and the wear resistance of stainless steel, the treatment method in the market at present generally adopts mechanical cold rolling to cause the stainless steel to generate larger mechanical deformation so as to improve the hardness of the stainless steel, but the hardening treatment can directly change the size of an original product, the thickness is different, the production quality of the product is directly influenced, and the hardening treatment method has the disadvantages of large energy consumption, low efficiency, large pollution and the like, and has a small development prospect, so that an energy-saving and environment-friendly stainless steel surface hardening treatment method is needed to be designed to obviously improve the hardness of the stainless steel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects and provides an energy-saving and environment-friendly stainless steel surface hardening process method.
In order to overcome the defects in the background art, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: an energy-saving and environment-friendly stainless steel surface hardening process method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a1, pickling the stainless steel workpiece in a hydrochloric acid solution, wherein the pickling time is controlled to be 30-60 min;
a2, putting the stainless steel workpiece in the step A1 into an oven for heating and drying;
a3, putting the stainless steel workpiece in the step A2 into a vacuum ion carburizing furnace, controlling the temperature at 350-;
a4, taking out the stainless steel workpiece in the step A3, and putting the stainless steel workpiece into saline water for quenching;
a5, tempering the stainless steel workpiece in the step A4, wherein the tempering is divided into three types: the first step is low temperature tempering, the temperature is controlled to be 350 ℃ and the time is controlled to be 2-4h, the second step is medium temperature tempering, the temperature is controlled to be 350 ℃ and the time is controlled to be 500 h, the third step is high temperature tempering, the temperature is 600 ℃ and the time is controlled to be 4-6.5 h.
Preferably, the quenching and tempering time interval is not more than 4 h.
Preferably, when performing ion carburizing in the step a3, configuring an anode and a cathode in a vacuum ion carburizing furnace, connecting a stainless steel workpiece to the cathode, connecting a furnace body to the anode, maintaining the pressure in the furnace at 0.5-10 torr, applying a direct current voltage between the two electrodes, controlling the voltage at 300 + 1200V and the current density at 5mA/cm, gradually increasing the voltage until the discharge starts between the electrodes, and performing the discharge with high voltage and low current density.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the wear-resisting property of the stainless steel can be effectively improved, the effect is very obvious, the stainless steel is energy-saving and environment-friendly, the consumption is low, the pollution is low, and the market application field of the stainless steel is further expanded.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided to enable those skilled in the art to more readily understand the advantages and features of the present invention, and to clearly and unequivocally define the scope of the present invention.
An energy-saving and environment-friendly stainless steel surface hardening process method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a1, pickling the stainless steel workpiece in a hydrochloric acid solution, wherein the pickling time is controlled to be 30-60 min;
a2, putting the stainless steel workpiece in the step A1 into an oven for heating and drying;
a3, putting the stainless steel workpiece in the step A2 into a vacuum ion carburizing furnace, controlling the temperature at 350-;
a4, taking out the stainless steel workpiece in the step A3, and putting the stainless steel workpiece into saline water for quenching;
a5, tempering the stainless steel workpiece in the step A4, wherein the tempering is divided into three types: the first step is low temperature tempering, the temperature is controlled to be 350 ℃ and the time is controlled to be 2-4h, the second step is medium temperature tempering, the temperature is controlled to be 350 ℃ and the time is controlled to be 500 h, the third step is high temperature tempering, the temperature is 600 ℃ and the time is controlled to be 4-6.5 h.
Preferably, the quenching and tempering time interval is not more than 4 h.
Preferably, when performing ion carburizing in the step a3, configuring an anode and a cathode in a vacuum ion carburizing furnace, connecting a stainless steel workpiece to the cathode, connecting a furnace body to the anode, maintaining the pressure in the furnace at 0.5-10 torr, applying a direct current voltage between the two electrodes, controlling the voltage at 300 + 1200V and the current density at 5mA/cm, gradually increasing the voltage until the discharge starts between the electrodes, and performing the discharge with high voltage and low current density.
Example 1
An energy-saving and environment-friendly stainless steel surface hardening process method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a1, pickling the stainless steel workpiece in a hydrochloric acid solution, wherein the pickling time is controlled to be 30 min;
a2, putting the stainless steel workpiece in the step A1 into an oven for heating and drying;
a3, putting the stainless steel workpiece in the step A2 into a vacuum ion carburizing furnace, controlling the temperature to be 350 ℃, controlling the pressure in the furnace to be 150Pa, and performing ion carburizing by utilizing plasma glow discharge for 8 hours;
a4, taking out the stainless steel workpiece in the step A3, and putting the stainless steel workpiece into saline water for quenching;
a5, tempering the stainless steel workpiece in the step A4, wherein the tempering is divided into three types: the first step is low temperature tempering, the temperature is controlled to be 150 ℃, the time is controlled to be 2 hours, the second step is medium temperature tempering, the temperature is controlled to be 350 ℃, the time is controlled to be 3 hours, and the third step is high temperature tempering, the temperature is 600 ℃, and the time is controlled to be 4 hours.
Preferably, the quenching and tempering time interval is not more than 4 h.
Preferably, when the ion carburizing is performed in the a3 step, the anode and the cathode are arranged in the vacuum ion carburizing furnace, the stainless steel workpiece is connected to the cathode, the furnace body is connected to the anode, the pressure in the furnace is kept at 1.5 torr, the direct current voltage is applied between the two electrodes, the voltage is controlled at 450V, the current density is 5mA/cm, the voltage is gradually increased until the discharge is started between the electrodes, and the discharge with high voltage and small current density is performed.
Example 2
An energy-saving and environment-friendly stainless steel surface hardening process method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a1, pickling the stainless steel workpiece in a hydrochloric acid solution, wherein the pickling time is controlled to be 60 min;
a2, putting the stainless steel workpiece in the step A1 into an oven for heating and drying;
a3, putting the stainless steel workpiece in the step A2 into a vacuum ion carburizing furnace, controlling the temperature at 450 ℃, controlling the pressure in the furnace at 1500Pa, and performing ion carburizing by utilizing plasma glow discharge for 20 hours;
a4, taking out the stainless steel workpiece in the step A3, and putting the stainless steel workpiece into saline water for quenching;
a5, tempering the stainless steel workpiece in the step A4, wherein the tempering is divided into three types: the first step is low temperature tempering, the temperature is controlled to be 350 ℃, the time is controlled to be 4h, the second step is medium temperature tempering, the temperature is controlled to be 500 ℃, the time is controlled to be 5h, and the third step is high temperature tempering, the temperature is 750 ℃, and the time is controlled to be 6.5 h.
Preferably, the quenching and tempering time interval is not more than 4 h.
Preferably, when the ion carburizing is performed in the step a3, the anode and the cathode are arranged in the vacuum ion carburizing furnace, the stainless steel workpiece is connected to the cathode, the furnace body is connected to the anode, the furnace pressure is maintained at 8 torr, the direct current voltage is applied between the two electrodes, the voltage is controlled at 1100V, the current density is 5mA/cm, and the voltage is gradually increased until the discharge is started between the electrodes, and the discharge with high voltage and small current density is performed.
Example 3
An energy-saving and environment-friendly stainless steel surface hardening process method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a1, pickling the stainless steel workpiece in a hydrochloric acid solution, wherein the pickling time is controlled to be 35 min;
a2, putting the stainless steel workpiece in the step A1 into an oven for heating and drying;
a3, putting the stainless steel workpiece in the step A2 into a vacuum ion carburizing furnace, controlling the temperature at 400 ℃, controlling the pressure in the furnace at 13000Pa, and performing ion carburizing by utilizing plasma glow discharge for 180 hours;
a4, taking out the stainless steel workpiece in the step A3, and putting the stainless steel workpiece into saline water for quenching;
a5, tempering the stainless steel workpiece in the step A4, wherein the tempering is divided into three types: the first step is low temperature tempering, the temperature is controlled to be 250 ℃, the time is controlled to be 3.5h, the second step is medium temperature tempering, the temperature is controlled to be 450 ℃, the time is controlled to be 4.5h, and the third step is high temperature tempering, the temperature is controlled to be 700 ℃, and the time is controlled to be 5.5 h.
Preferably, the quenching and tempering time interval is not more than 4 h.
Preferably, when the ion carburizing is performed in the step a3, the anode and the cathode are arranged in the vacuum ion carburizing furnace, the stainless steel workpiece is connected to the cathode, the furnace body is connected to the anode, the furnace pressure is kept at 4 torr, the direct current voltage is applied between the two electrodes, the voltage is controlled at 600V, the current density is 5mA/cm, and the voltage is gradually increased until the discharge is started between the electrodes, and the discharge with high voltage and small current density is performed.
Example 4
An energy-saving and environment-friendly stainless steel surface hardening process method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a1, pickling the stainless steel workpiece in a hydrochloric acid solution, wherein the pickling time is controlled to be 45 min;
a2, putting the stainless steel workpiece in the step A1 into an oven for heating and drying;
a3, putting the stainless steel workpiece in the step A2 into a vacuum ion carburizing furnace, controlling the temperature at 400 ℃, controlling the pressure in the furnace at 1200Pa, and performing ion carburizing by utilizing plasma glow discharge for 15 hours;
a4, taking out the stainless steel workpiece in the step A3, and putting the stainless steel workpiece into saline water for quenching;
a5, tempering the stainless steel workpiece in the step A4, wherein the tempering is divided into three types: the first step is low temperature tempering, the temperature is controlled to be 300 ℃, the time is controlled to be 3h, the second step is medium temperature tempering, the temperature is controlled to be 400 ℃, the time is controlled to be 4h, and the third step is high temperature tempering, the temperature is 650 ℃, and the time is controlled to be 5 h.
Preferably, the quenching and tempering time interval is not more than 4 h.
Preferably, when the ion carburizing is performed in the step a3, the anode and the cathode are arranged in the vacuum ion carburizing furnace, the stainless steel workpiece is connected to the cathode, the furnace body is connected to the anode, the pressure in the furnace is kept at 6 torr, the direct current voltage is applied between the two electrodes, the voltage is controlled at 800V, the current density is 5mA/cm, and the voltage is gradually increased until the discharge is started between the electrodes, and the discharge with high voltage and small current density is performed.
The following table shows the wear resistance test data for the stainless steel workpieces of examples 1 to 4
| Test items | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 |
| Coefficient of wear resistance | 650HV | 700HV | 600HV | 950HV |
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. An energy-saving and environment-friendly stainless steel surface hardening process method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a1, pickling the stainless steel workpiece in a hydrochloric acid solution, wherein the pickling time is controlled to be 30-60 min;
a2, putting the stainless steel workpiece in the step A1 into an oven for heating and drying;
a3, putting the stainless steel workpiece in the step A2 into a vacuum ion carburizing furnace, controlling the temperature at 350-;
a4, taking out the stainless steel workpiece in the step A3, and putting the stainless steel workpiece into saline water for quenching;
a5, tempering the stainless steel workpiece in the step A4, wherein the tempering is divided into three types: the first step is low temperature tempering, the temperature is controlled to be 350 ℃ and the time is controlled to be 2-4h, the second step is medium temperature tempering, the temperature is controlled to be 350 ℃ and the time is controlled to be 500 h, the third step is high temperature tempering, the temperature is 600 ℃ and the time is controlled to be 4-6.5 h.
2. The energy-saving environment-friendly stainless steel surface hardening process method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the time interval between the quenching and the tempering is not more than 4 h.
3. The energy-saving environment-friendly stainless steel surface hardening process method according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the ion carburization is carried out in the step A3, an anode and a cathode are arranged in a vacuum ion carburization furnace, a stainless steel workpiece is connected with the cathode, a furnace body is connected with the anode, the pressure in the furnace is kept at 0.5-10 Torr, direct current voltage is applied between the two electrodes, the voltage is controlled at 300-1200V, the current density is 5mA/cm, the voltage is slowly increased until the discharge is carried out between the electrodes, and the discharge with high voltage and low current density is carried out.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112962051A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-15 | 安徽合力股份有限公司合肥铸锻厂 | Boronizing method for austenitic stainless steel |
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| US20140283955A1 (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2014-09-25 | Denso Corporation | Method for manufacturing ferritic stainless steel product |
| CN105603359A (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2016-05-25 | 福建上润精密仪器有限公司 | Glow ion carbonization method for enhancing surface hardness and corrosion resistance of stainless steel |
| CN111575464A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-25 | 青岛丰东热处理有限公司 | Method for improving surface hardening layer of austenitic stainless steel |
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2020
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20110017350A1 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2011-01-27 | Hammond Stephen N | Method for carburizing steel components |
| CN1884604A (en) * | 2005-06-25 | 2006-12-27 | 桂林电子工业学院 | Plasma surface metallurgical high chromium high molybdenum high-carbon steel and its preparation method |
| CN101177725A (en) * | 2007-12-01 | 2008-05-14 | 太原理工大学 | Surface Metallurgical Technology of Cobalt-Containing Superhard High Speed Steel |
| US20140283955A1 (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2014-09-25 | Denso Corporation | Method for manufacturing ferritic stainless steel product |
| CN105603359A (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2016-05-25 | 福建上润精密仪器有限公司 | Glow ion carbonization method for enhancing surface hardness and corrosion resistance of stainless steel |
| CN111575464A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-25 | 青岛丰东热处理有限公司 | Method for improving surface hardening layer of austenitic stainless steel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112962051A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-15 | 安徽合力股份有限公司合肥铸锻厂 | Boronizing method for austenitic stainless steel |
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