CN112021139B - Method for quickly and artificially cultivating seedlings of fir - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for rapidly artificially cultivating fir seedlings, aiming at solving the problems of slow growth and low survival rate of fir seedlings mainly consisting of Baishanzu fir in natural environment. The invention uses fir seedlings as materials, is irrigated with microbial fertilizers and water-soluble fertilizers, combined with suitable artificial formula substrates and cultivation environments, so as to promote the rapid growth of seedlings. The advantages of the invention are: in the artificially prepared substrate and the artificial cultivation environment, the fir seedlings grow rapidly, and can reach the size of 2-3 year old seedlings in the wild habitat within 10 months. The problems of slow and difficult growth of fir seedlings under natural conditions are improved. The method is versatile, efficient, highly operable, and has significant effects. In addition to being suitable for fir plants, it is also of great significance for the rapid cultivation of other pinaceae plants.

Description

A kind of method of fast artificial cultivation of fir seedlings

technical field

The invention relates to a method for rapidly artificially cultivating fir seedlings, which can promote the rapid and vigorous growth of the seedlings, and complete the field return and artificial afforestation of the artificially cultivated seedlings as soon as possible.

Background technique

Pinaceae (Abies) plants of the genus Abies have obvious locality and relics. They originated in the middle and high altitude areas of the northern hemisphere in the mid-Cretaceous, and are of great significance for the study of plant geographical distribution, phylogenetic evolution, paleoclimate and paleogeography. . At the same time, fir is an important forest vegetation and an excellent source of wood, and fir resin is also the best glue for making slices and precision instruments.

Among them, Abies beshanzuensis (Abies beshanzuensis) is a national key protected plant and an ancient relict plant unique to my country. In 1987, it was listed as one of the 12 most endangered plants in the world by the Species Survival Commission (SSC) of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Baishanzu fir is naturally distributed in a small sheltered valley about 1740 meters above sea level in Baishanzu Nature Reserve. During the Tertiary Period, it was widely distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian and other provinces. The rare species so far are of great significance to the research of geography and climatology.

Under natural conditions, firs are mostly symbiotic with fungi, and it is difficult to cultivate seedlings artificially. At the same time, the seedlings germinated in nature also have problems such as very slow growth and extremely weak growth potential. Therefore, there is an urgent need to invent a method for rapid artificial cultivation of fir plants, so as to promote the rapid growth of seedlings in artificial substrates and return to the wild as soon as possible.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to perfect the prior art, and to provide a kind of method for artificially cultivating the seedlings of the genus Fir.

The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a method for rapid artificial cultivation of fir seedlings, the method is: the fir seedlings are transplanted to the artificial substrate after sterilization for cultivation, and the roots are irrigated with fertilizer .

The artificial matrix is obtained by high-pressure steam sterilization after the compressed matrix and the pine scale are mixed evenly in equal volumes;

The fertilizer is obtained by the following method: taking 1 mL of the microbial fertilizer stock solution and 1.0 g of the water-soluble fertilizer, adding purified water to make the volume to 1000 mL. Wherein, the preparation method of the microbial fertilizer stock solution is as follows: take 100 g of brown sugar and 2 L of pure water, stir and dissolve, and then carry out high pressure steam sterilization; add 1.0 g of EM strain solid powder, and seal and ferment at 35 to 37 ° C for 5 to 7 days. ~2 days Loosen the mouth of the container to release the gas.

Further, the high-pressure steam sterilization method is as follows: maintaining the temperature at 121° C. and the pressure in the sterilizer at 0.15 MPa for 20-25 minutes.

Further, in the fermentation process of the microbial fertilizer stock solution, the bacteria are rapidly activated for the first 2-4 days of fermentation, producing a large amount of gas, and then the gas production rate decreases until the activation is completed, the pH is 3.5-4.5, and the smell is sweet and sour without being pungent.

Further, the water-soluble fertilizer is a fertilizer with balanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, such as "Kangjing 17-17-17", which contains necessary macroelements and trace elements.

Further, the compression matrix adopts "Lambo LM-18", a combination of fine sphagnum moss and fine perlite suitable for the growth of seedlings, and the diameter of the pine scales is 3-5mm. Loose but not dripping.

Further, the culture environment is as follows: the temperature is 23°C/18°C, the photon flux density (PPDF) is not less than 80 μmol/m ² ·s, the illumination time is 14 h/d, and the air humidity is kept above 80%.

The advantages of the present invention are: the fir seedlings of the present invention are used as materials, microbial fertilizers and water-soluble fertilizers are poured, and cultivation is carried out in a suitable artificial substrate and a suitable environment. It solves the problems of slow growth of fir seedlings and low survival rate of seedlings under natural environment conditions. Fir seedlings suitable for field return can be quickly obtained in a short period of time. The method is versatile, efficient, highly operable, and has remarkable effects, and is of great significance for the rapid cultivation of other pinaceae plants, in addition to being suitable for fir plants.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the examples.

The EM strain solid powder in the following examples was purchased from Henan Province Yueshi Jingzhong Technology Co., Ltd. It has been verified by a large number of tests that the solid powder of EM bacteria from any manufacturer or the solid powder of EM bacteria prepared according to the existing literature can be used in the present invention.

Example 1:

Materials: This example takes the promotion of the rapid growth of the embryo-cultured seedlings of A. baishanzu as an example.

Step (1): prepare a microbial activation liquid medium. Take 100g of brown sugar and 2L of purified water, stir and dissolve, and perform high-pressure steam sterilization at 121°C and 0.15MPa for 21min;

Step (2): Activating strains to prepare microbial fertilizer stock solution. Take 1.0 g of EM strain solid powder, add it to the culture medium sterilized in step 1, seal and ferment at 37°C for 7 days, and release the gas every 2 days by loosening the container mouth;

Step (3): preparing an artificial substrate for seedling culture. Take out the "Lambo LM-18" compressed matrix, make it loose, mix it with an equal volume of 3-5mm pine scales, add pure water and stir evenly, and then perform high pressure steam sterilization. The sterilization method is the same as step (1);

Step (4): Cultivation of Fir Baishanzu seedlings. Take out the A. baishanzu seedlings from the embryo culture medium of A. baishanzu, wash the root medium, and transplant them into the artificial matrix configured in step 3 after sterilization. The density (PPDF) is not less than 80μmol/m ² ·s, the light time is 14h/d, and the humidity is gradually reduced from 100% to more than 80% within two weeks;

Step (5): pouring microbial fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer. Take 1 mL of the microbial fertilizer stock solution prepared in step 2, and 1.0 g of the water-soluble fertilizer "Kangjing 17-17-17", add purified water to make the volume to 1000 mL, and irrigate the roots of the seedlings. Plant 5-15mL, and keep the substrate moist with water for the rest of the time. By this method, the seedlings can grow to the size of 2-3 year old plants in the field within 10 months.

Example 2:

Material: This example takes the promotion of natural germination of resource fir seeds and rapid growth of seedlings as an example.

Step (1): prepare a microbial activation liquid medium. Take 100g of brown sugar and 2L of purified water, stir and dissolve, and perform high-pressure steam sterilization at 121°C and 0.15MPa for 21min;

Step (2): Activating strains to prepare microbial fertilizer stock solution. Take 1.0 g of EM strain solid powder, add it to the culture medium sterilized in step 1, seal and ferment at 37°C for 7 days, and release the gas every 2 days by loosening the container mouth;

Step (3): preparing artificial substrate for resource fir seedling culture. Take out the "Lambo LM-18" compressed matrix, make it loose, mix it with an equal volume of 3-5mm pine scales, add pure water and stir evenly, and then perform high pressure steam sterilization. The sterilization method is the same as step (1);

Step (4): Resource fir seedling cultivation. Transplant the naturally germinated resource fir seedlings into the artificial substrate sterilized in step 3, at a temperature of 23°C/18°C, the photon flux density (PPDF) is not less than 80 μmol/m ² ·s, and the light time is 14h/d , the humidity is kept above 80%;

Step (5): pouring microbial fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer. Take 1 mL of the microbial fertilizer stock solution and 1.0 g of water-soluble fertilizer prepared in step 2, add purified water to make the volume to 1000 mL, and irrigate the roots of the seedlings. Water keeps the substrate moist. By this method, the seedling can grow to a height of more than 10 cm within 6 months, with more than 2 primary branches.

Claims (6)

1. A method for quickly and artificially cultivating seedlings of a fir plant is characterized by comprising the following steps:

transplanting the embryo-cultured or naturally-germinated seedling of the plant of the genus Cryptomeria to the sterilized artificial substrate for culturing, and watering the root with fertilizer;

the artificial matrix is obtained by uniformly mixing a compressed matrix and pine scales in equal volume and then sterilizing the mixture by high-pressure steam;

the fertilizer is obtained by the following method: taking 1mL of microbial fertilizer stock solution and 1.0g of water-soluble fertilizer, and adding purified water to a constant volume of 1000 mL; the preparation method of the microbial fertilizer stock solution comprises the following steps: taking 100g of brown sugar and 2L of purified water, stirring and dissolving, and then sterilizing by high-pressure steam; adding 1.0g of EM strain solid powder, sealing and fermenting for 5-7 days at 35-37 ℃, and loosening the container mouth to release gas every 1-2 days.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the high-pressure steam sterilization method comprises the following steps: maintaining the temperature at 121 ℃ and the pressure in the sterilizer at 0.15MPa for 20-25 min.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein: during the fermentation process of the microbial fertilizer stock solution, the strains are quickly activated 2-4 days before fermentation to generate a large amount of gas, and then the gas generation rate is reduced until the activation is completed, the pH value is 3.5-4.5, and the odor is sour and sweet and is not pungent.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the water-soluble fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient balanced fertilizer.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the compressed matrix is prepared from a combination of fine sphagnum and fine perlite which are suitable for seedling growth, namely Lambor LM-18, and the diameter of loose scales is 3-5 mm, and when the compressed matrix is mixed, purified water is added until the matrix can be kneaded into a mass in the hand, and the mass is not loose but does not drip.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the culture environment is as follows: the temperature is 23 ℃/18 ℃, and the light quantum flux density (PPDF) is not less than 80 mu mol/m ² S, illumination time 14h/d, air humidity maintained above 80%.