CN111965812B - Human eye-simulating scanning method and system based on zoom liquid lens and Abbe prism - Google Patents
Human eye-simulating scanning method and system based on zoom liquid lens and Abbe prism Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明专利公开了一种基于变焦液体透镜与阿贝棱镜的仿人眼扫描方法与系统，其特征在于，一种基于变焦液体透镜与阿贝棱镜的仿人眼扫描系统，由激光器、分束器、变焦液体透镜和阿贝棱镜组成。一种基于变焦液体透镜与阿贝棱镜的仿人眼扫描方法，激光器照明分束器，一束入射激光被分束为1xn的线阵激光束，线阵激光束通过液体透镜，不同口径处的光斑由于透镜畸变的存在而被以不同放大倍率进行放大。经放大后的线阵激光束经过阿贝棱镜出射。由于棱镜旋转时具有光斑旋转角度放大的作用，当阿贝棱镜旋转α角时，出射的线阵激光束绕中心旋转2α角。通过以α角旋转阿贝棱镜，则通过阿贝棱镜的线阵激光束将以2α角对扫描平面实现仿人眼扫描。
The patent of the present invention discloses a human eye-like scanning method and system based on zoom liquid lens and Abbe prism, which is characterized in that a human eye-like scanning system based on zoom liquid lens and Abbe It consists of a variator, a zoom liquid lens and an Abbe prism. A human eye-like scanning method based on a zoom liquid lens and Abbe prism, a laser illuminates a beam splitter, an incident laser beam is split into a 1xn linear laser beam, the linear laser beam passes through the liquid lens, and the laser beams at different apertures The spot is magnified at different magnifications due to the presence of lens distortion. The amplified linear laser beam is emitted through the Abbe prism. When the prism rotates, it has the function of magnifying the rotation angle of the light spot, when the Abbe prism rotates by the angle α, the outgoing linear laser beam rotates by the angle of 2α around the center. By rotating the Abbe prism at an angle of α, the linear laser beam passing through the Abbe prism will scan the scanning plane at an angle of 2α to achieve human-like scanning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a human eye-simulating scanning method and system based on a zoom liquid lens and an Abbe prism, and belongs to the technical field of laser active detection.
Background
Active detection realizes detection, identification and imaging of a target by transmitting a signal to the target to be detected and receiving a return signal. The scanning method for the target mostly adopts methods such as determinant scanning, bow-shaped scanning, human eye-imitating scanning and the like. Compared with other scanning methods, the human eye-simulated scanning method has the advantages of rotation and scale invariance, background information compression and resolution variation. Therefore, in recent years, the laser radar is used in the field of laser radar and the like. The traditional human eye sampling mode can utilize MEMS mirror, fly-eye lens, rotating biprism and other modes. The mode of realizing human eye-simulated scanning by utilizing the MEMS mirror has the defect that large light spots and multi-line scanning cannot be realized. The scanning mode using the fly-eye lens has the defects of complex structure, high cost and incapability of changing scanning density and stepping angle. The scanning mode of rotating the double prisms cannot realize multi-line scanning, and the light spots generate aberration through the double prisms.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of complex structure, higher cost, incapability of changing scanning density and stepping angle and the like of the traditional human eye-simulated sampling mode. The device has the advantages of simple structure and capability of realizing human eye-simulated scanning with variable scanning view field and scanning point density according to a scanning scene. The method realizes the amplification of incident light spots with different apertures by utilizing the self distortion of the liquid lens, and realizes the human eye-simulated scanning by utilizing the rotation of the Abbe prism.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A human eye simulating scanning system based on a zoom liquid lens and an Abbe prism comprises a laser, a beam splitter, the zoom liquid lens and the Abbe prism.
The light beam emitted by the laser is split into 1xn linear array laser beams through the beam splitter, the linear array laser beams pass through the liquid lens, and light spots passing through different apertures of the liquid lens are amplified with different amplification factors due to the distortion of the lens. And the amplified linear array laser beam is emitted through an Abbe prism. Because the prism has the function of amplifying the rotating angle of the light spot when rotating, when the Abbe prism rotates an angle alpha, the emergent linear array laser beam rotates 2 alpha around the center. By rotating the abbe prism by an angle alpha, the linear array laser beam passing through the abbe prism realizes human eye-like scanning on a scanning plane by an angle 2 alpha.
The variable focus liquid lens comprises: a front lens, a flat glass, a rear lens, a front liquid surface, and a rear liquid surface. The surface profiles of the front liquid surface and the rear liquid surface can be changed by changing the volume of liquid injected into the front lens and the rear lens.
The human eye-simulating scanning method based on the zoom liquid lens and the Abbe prism comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and determining the parameters of the human eye-simulated scanning light spots.
According to the scanning requirement of the target field of view, determining the number M of scanning rings, and the diameter of a central light spot is D0Coefficient of increase q between adjacent ringsi. The diameter of the ith ring scanning spot is represented by equation (1),
Di＝qiD0 (1)
step two: the relative distortion of the zoom liquid lens for the ith ring beam is calculated.
According to the increasing coefficient q between adjacent ringsiCalculating the relative distortion P of the variable focus liquid lensi。PiAnd q isiIs calculated by the formula (2),
Pi＝(qi-1)/100 (2)
step three: and calculating the surface shape parameters of the zoom liquid lens.
Relative distortion maximum P of variable focus liquid lensmaxSatisfies the following relation with the distortion value of the variable-focus liquid lens
Wherein, δ y'zIs the distortion of the lens. Lens distortion δ y'zIs shown as
Wherein S isVIs shown as
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
wherein h iszIs the incident point phase of the second paraxial ray on the refracting surfaceFor the height of the main optical axis, h is the height of the incident point of the first paraxial ray on the refraction surface relative to the main optical axis, u is the paraxial ray object space aperture angle, u' is the paraxial ray image space aperture angle, uzIs the object-space aperture angle of the second paraxial ray, n is the object-space refractive index, n' is the image-space refractive index, rkIs the radius of curvature of the front and back lens surfaces, i is the angle of incidence, and i' is the angle of refraction. k is the ordinal number of the liquid lens surface;
and solving the formula (3) to the formula (6) to obtain the surface shape parameter of the front liquid surface and the surface shape parameter of the rear liquid surface of the zoom liquid lens.
Using the obtained surface shape parameters of the front liquid surface and the rear liquid surface of the zoom liquid lens as initial values to obtain the relative distortion P of the zoom liquid lensiAnd (3) performing aspheric surface optimization on the surface shape parameters of the front liquid surface and the rear liquid surface of the variable-focus liquid lens as target parameters to obtain aspheric surface expressions of the surface shape parameters of the front liquid surface and the rear liquid surface, as shown in formula (7).
Wherein Z is the offset of the curved surface along the optical axis, R is the half aperture of the lens surface, K is the conic constant, A2、A4、A6、A8Second order, fourth order, sixth order and eighth order coefficients, respectively.
Step four: a scan step angle is set.
Setting the human eye scanning stepping angle according to the requirement of the scanning density of the scanning area
The rotation angle of the Abbe prism is
Step five: and scanning the human eye.
Calculating the surface profile of the surface of the zoom liquid lens according to the step threeControlling the surface of the liquid lens to deform, and zooming the light beam passing through the liquid lens to form a ring with M and an increasing coefficient q between adjacent ringsiThe human eye simulated scan light spots. To be provided with
The angle of the Abbe prism is rotated to realize the human eye-simulated scanning of the target area.
Advantageous effects
1. The invention discloses a human eye-simulating scanning system based on a zoom liquid lens and an Abbe prism, which can directly form human eye-simulating scanning light spots with small central light spot diameter and large outer ring light spot diameter by amplifying light beams with different apertures of the zoom liquid lens by different magnification ratios through the distortion effect of the zoom liquid lens. The method has the advantages of simple structure and short scanning time.
2. The human eye simulating scanning system based on the zoom liquid lens and the Abbe prism disclosed by the invention realizes the rotary scanning of the target area by rotating the Abbe prism, and has the advantages of simple structure and high scanning precision.
3. The invention discloses a human eye-simulating scanning method based on a zoom liquid lens and an Abbe prism, wherein the zoom liquid lens can change the focal length and distortion of the zoom liquid lens by changing the surface shape of the zoom liquid lens, and further realize zooming of scanning light spots, so that self-adaptive scanning of different scanning areas and scanning densities can be realized.
4. The invention discloses a human eye-simulating scanning method based on a zoom liquid lens and an Abbe prism, which realizes the scanning of a target area by adopting a mode of rotating the Abbe prism and can improve the scanning speed of scanning light spots.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a human eye-like scanning system based on a variable-focus liquid lens and an Abbe prism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a liquid zoom lens of a human eye-simulated scanning system based on a liquid zoom lens and an Abbe prism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a human eye-simulated scanning light spot distribution diagram of a human eye-simulated scanning method based on a zoom liquid lens and an abbe prism in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a human eye-simulated scanning system structure and a human eye-simulated scanning light spot distribution diagram based on a zoom liquid lens and an abbe prism according to an embodiment of the present invention, when a rotation angle of the abbe prism is 0 °;
fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating a human eye-simulated scanning system structure and a human eye-simulated scanning light spot distribution diagram based on a zoom liquid lens and an abbe prism according to an embodiment of the present invention, when a rotation angle of the abbe prism is 5 °.
Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating a human eye-simulated scanning system structure and a human eye-simulated scanning light spot distribution diagram based on a zoom liquid lens and an abbe prism according to an embodiment of the present invention, when a rotation angle of the abbe prism is 45 °.
Among them, 1-laser; 2-a beam splitter; 3-a variable focus liquid lens; 4-abbe prism; 31-a front lens; 32-plate glass; 33-a rear lens; 311-front liquid surface; 331-rear liquid surface.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A human eye-like scanning system based on a variable-focus liquid lens and an abbe prism, as shown in fig. 1:
the laser 1 emits a laser beam, the laser beam passes through the beam splitter 2, one incident laser beam is split into a linear array laser beam of 1x16, and the center of a human eye-simulated scanning spotSpot diameter of D0The line laser beam passes through the zoom liquid lens 3 at 1mm, and the spots at different apertures are magnified at different magnifications due to the presence of the zoom liquid lens distortion. Coefficient of increase q between adjacent ringsiAs shown in table 1. The amplified linear array laser beam is emitted through an Abbe prism 4. By rotating the abbe prism 4 by an angle of 5 °, the linear array laser beam passing through the abbe prism 4 will scan the scanning plane by an angle of 10 ° to imitate human eyes.
As shown in fig. 2, the variable focus liquid lens 3 is composed of a front lens 31, a plate glass 32, and a rear lens 33. The variable focus liquid lens has a front liquid surface 311, a rear liquid surface 331, two deformable liquid surfaces. The liquid volume injected into the liquid lens can be changed to change the front liquid surface 311 and the rear liquid surface 331 of the zoom liquid lens, and the surface shape structures of the two liquid surfaces can change the distortion of the zoom liquid lens.
TABLE 1
The human eye-simulating scanning method based on the zoom liquid lens and the Abbe prism comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the design of human eye scanning spot parameters is simulated.
The laser 1 emits a laser beam, the laser beam passes through the beam splitter 2, and an incident laser beam is split into 1 × 16 linear laser beams, so that the number of scanning loops is 8. The diameter of the central light spot is D0＝1mm。
The diameter of the ith ring scanning spot can be calculated by equation (1) and its value is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Step two: the relative distortion of the zoom liquid lens 3 corresponding to the ith ring beam is calculated.
According to the increasing coefficient q between adjacent ringsiAccording to formula (2)Calculating the relative distortion of the zoom liquid lens 3 corresponding to the ith ring beam to be equal to PiThe values are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
Step three: and calculating the surface shape parameters of the zoom liquid lens 3.
Maximum value of relative distortion P according to the variable focus liquid lens 3max8 and the diameter of the central light spot is D0The surface shape parameters of the front liquid surface 311 and the rear liquid surface 331 of the variable-focus liquid lens 3 are calculated by solving equation (3) -equation (6) 1 mm. Wherein the material of the variable focus liquid lens is water (n ═ 1.33).
Using the obtained surface shape parameters of the front liquid surface 311 and the rear liquid surface 331 of the variable-focus liquid lens 3 as initial values by optical design software, and using the relative distortion P of the variable-focus liquid lens 3iThe surface shape parameters of the front liquid surface 311 and the rear liquid surface 331 of the variable focus liquid lens 3 were aspherically optimized with (0.1, 0.5, 1.1, 1.8, 2.7, 4.1, 5.4, 8.0) as the target parameter, resulting in surface shape parameters of the aspherical expression of the front liquid surface 311 and the rear liquid surface 331, as shown in table 4.
TABLE 4
Step four: a scan step angle is set.
According to the requirement of the scanning density of the scanning area, the human eye scanning stepping angle is simulated
The rotation angle of the Abbe prism 4 is
Step five: and scanning the human eye.
Controlling the front liquid surface 311 and the rear liquid surface 331 of the zoom liquid lens 3 to deform according to the surface shape parameters of the surface of the zoom liquid lens 3 obtained by the calculation in the step three, and zooming the light beam passing through the zoom liquid lens 3 to form a ring with 8 rings and an increasing coefficient q between the adjacent ringsiA spot of (1.001, 1.005, 1.011, 1.018, 1.027, 1.041, 1.054, 1.08), as shown in fig. 3. After the light spot passes through the Abbe prism, the light spot is scanned by imitating human eyes as shown in figure 4.
The abbe prism 4 is rotated at a step angle of 5 degrees, and the human eye-simulated scanning spot of the abbe prism is rotated by 10 degrees, so that the human eye-simulated scanning of the target area is realized, as shown in fig. 5.
The abbe prism 4 is rotated at a step angle of 45 degrees, and the human eye-simulated scanning spot of the abbe prism is rotated by 90 degrees, so that the human eye-simulated scanning of the target area is realized, as shown in fig. 6.
The above detailed description is intended to illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above detailed description is only exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. Human eye-simulating scanning system based on zoom liquid lens and Abbe prism is characterized in that: the device comprises a laser, a beam splitter, a zoom liquid lens and an Abbe prism;
the light beam emitted by the laser is split into linear array laser beams through the beam splitter, the linear array laser beams pass through the liquid lens, and light spots passing through different apertures of the liquid lens are amplified at different amplification ratios due to the distortion of the lens; the amplified linear array laser beam is emitted through an Abbe prism; because the prism has the function of amplifying the rotating angle of a light spot when rotating, when the Abbe prism rotates an alpha angle, the emergent linear array laser beam rotates 2 alpha around the center; by rotating the abbe prism by an angle alpha, the linear array laser beam passing through the abbe prism realizes human eye-like scanning on a scanning plane by an angle 2 alpha.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein: the variable focus liquid lens comprises: a front lens, a flat glass, a rear lens, a front liquid surface and a rear liquid surface; the surface shapes of the front liquid surface and the rear liquid surface are changed by changing the volumes of the liquid injected into the front lens and the rear lens.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein: the linear array laser beam is 1xn linear array laser beam.
4. A method for performing simulated eye scanning using the system of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining human eye-simulated scanning light spot parameters;
according to the scanning requirement of the target field of view, determining the number M of scanning rings, and the diameter of a central light spot is D0Coefficient of increase q between adjacent ringsi(ii) a The diameter of the ith ring scanning spot is represented by equation (1),
Di＝qiD0 (1)
step two: calculating the relative distortion of the zoom liquid lens corresponding to the ith ring beam;
according to the increasing coefficient q between adjacent ringsiCalculating the relative distortion P of the variable focus liquid lensi；PiAnd q isiIs calculated by the formula (2),
Pi＝(qi-1)/100 (2)
step three: calculating the surface shape parameters of the zoom liquid lens;
relative distortion maximum P of variable focus liquid lensmaxSatisfies the following relation with the distortion value of the variable-focus liquid lens
Wherein, deltay’zIs the distortion of the lens; lens distortion δ y'zIs shown as
Wherein S isVIs shown as
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
wherein h iszIs the height of the incident point of the second paraxial ray on the refraction surface relative to the main optical axis, h is the height of the incident point of the first paraxial ray on the refraction surface relative to the main optical axis, u is a paraxial ray object space aperture angle, u' is a paraxial ray image space aperture angle, uzIs the object-space aperture angle of the second paraxial ray, n is the object-space refractive index, n' is the image-space refractive index, rkIs the radius of curvature of the front and back lens surfaces, i is the angle of incidence, i' is the angle of refraction; k is the ordinal number of the liquid lens surface;
solving the formula (3) to the formula (6) to obtain the surface shape parameter of the front liquid surface and the surface shape parameter of the rear liquid surface of the zoom liquid lens;
using the obtained surface shape parameters of the front liquid surface and the rear liquid surface of the zoom liquid lens as initial values to obtain the relative distortion P of the zoom liquid lensiPerforming aspheric surface optimization on surface shape parameters of the front liquid surface and the rear liquid surface of the zoom liquid lens as target parameters to obtain aspheric surface expressions of the surface shape parameters of the front liquid surface and the rear liquid surface, as shown in formula (7);
wherein Z is the offset of the curved surface along the optical axis, R is the half aperture of the lens surface, K is the conic constant, A2、A4、A6、A8Second order, fourth order, sixth order and eighth order coefficients, respectively;
step four: setting a scanning stepping angle;
setting the human eye scanning stepping angle according to the requirement of the scanning density of the scanning area
The rotation angle of the Abbe prism is
Step five: carrying out human eye-imitating scanning;
controlling the surface of the zoom liquid lens to deform according to the surface shape parameter of the surface of the zoom liquid lens obtained by the calculation in the step three, and zooming the light beam passing through the zoom liquid lens to form a zoom liquid lens with an M ring and an increasing coefficient q between adjacent ringsiThe human eye-imitated scanning light spot; to be provided with
The angle of the Abbe prism is rotated to realize the human eye-simulated scanning of the target area.
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