CN110989152A - Common-path flexible off-axis four-inverse focal length optical system - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种共光路柔性离轴四反变焦距光学系统，涉及航天光学遥感器技术领域，解决现有空间遥感相机对地观测的技术瓶颈，包括主镜、次镜、三镜和四镜；所述主镜作为固定镜相对于系统光轴固定，述次镜、三镜和四镜为三个可移动镜组成的全反射变焦系统；次镜为负光焦度反射镜，移动次镜，使次镜位于卡塞格林光学结构中；次镜为柔性变形镜，次镜的顶点沿系统的光轴方向移动；所述三镜和四镜均为正光焦度反射镜，三镜和四镜的顶点沿系统的光轴移动；光线依次经过主镜、次镜、三镜和四镜，最终在探测器的像面上成像。本发明的全反射变焦系统实现光路共用。并结合柔性变形镜校正系统像差，实现多通道光学系统的超轻量化。
A flexible off-axis four-mirror zoom optical system with a common optical path relates to the technical field of aerospace optical remote sensors, and solves the technical bottleneck of earth observation of existing space remote sensing cameras, including a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a third mirror and a fourth mirror; the The primary mirror is fixed relative to the optical axis of the system as a fixed mirror. The secondary mirror, the third mirror and the fourth mirror are a total reflection zoom system composed of three movable mirrors; The mirror is located in the Cassegrain optical structure; the secondary mirror is a flexible deformable mirror, and the vertex of the secondary mirror moves along the optical axis direction of the system; the third mirror and the fourth mirror are both positive refractive mirrors, and the vertexes of the third mirror and the fourth mirror are It moves along the optical axis of the system; the light passes through the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, the third mirror and the fourth mirror in sequence, and finally is imaged on the image plane of the detector. The total reflection zoom system of the present invention realizes the sharing of optical paths. Combined with a flexible deformable mirror to correct system aberrations, the ultra-lightweight multi-channel optical system is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aerospace optical remote sensors, in particular to a common-path flexible off-axis four-inverse focal length optical system which is suitable for a space remote sensing camera for earth observation zooming.
Background
According to the statistical data issued by the CEOS, the first space camera of the world emitted from 18 Japanese America in 8 months in 1980 is used to transmit and enter orbit for more than 300 earth observation satellites. After decades of development, from the original film recycling type to the current on-track real-time transmission, the resolution is gradually improved from tens of meters to more than ten centimeters at present, and a series of satisfactory results are obtained. Space cameras are important tools for human beings to conduct ground exploration, and are widely applied to observation of ground targets such as the sea, the land, the atmosphere and the like. High spatial resolution, high temporal resolution, and large aperture are the development trends of space cameras in a future period. In order to get rid of the serious dependence on foreign high-resolution earth observation data, master an earth observation core technology, acquire the space earth observation data of China and meet the social and economic development, a domestic high-resolution zoom space camera is the future development direction of a space optical remote sensor, and the performance indexes of the camera are continuously broken through.
Space variable focus optical cameras have become a necessary trend in the development of space optics. The research of the total reflection zoom optical system has important application value in the aspect of earth observation. For example, in the field of photography, the demand for large-aperture lenses with large target surfaces (full frames or even medium frames) is increasing; for example, in the aspect of deep sea scientific detection, the zoom ratio of the zoom lens, the field of view of the lens and the aperture are required to be higher so as to have better imaging quality in places with weak light rays, such as deep sea and the like. On one hand, the large target surface and the large field of view mean that the field of view aberration of the system is larger, while the large aperture means that the amount of information received by a unit pixel of the system is large, which means that the integral aperture aberration of the system is increased, which means that the focal power and the aberration borne by the lens group are correspondingly increased, and on the other hand, in order to realize a larger zoom ratio, the optical focus distribution of each lens group must be reasonable, the integral aberration is corrected and balanced, the light trend is smooth, and the aberration change in the zooming process cannot be increased or reduced suddenly.
In spite of the development of domestic and foreign space optical cameras, optical remote sensors are developed in the directions of high resolution and large width. The higher the resolution, the shorter the time for a global survey for a given revisit cycle of satellites. The high resolution, large width encourages the development towards longer focal lengths and larger relative aperture. The reflective optical system can pass light waves of all spectral bands, is not influenced by chromatic aberration and secondary spectral chromatic aberration, and is suitable for the wide-spectrum, large-band and long-focus optical system designed by people; the reflecting system has the advantages of small number of elements, low light absorptivity, high energy passing rate, capability of folding an optical path, easiness in miniaturization of the optical system, easiness in processing a reflecting mirror compared with a lens, high thermal stability of the system, capability of lightening the reflecting mirror, and capability of meeting the requirements of upsizing and lightening the optical system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a common-path flexible off-axis four-inverse focal length optical system for solving the technical bottleneck of earth observation of the existing space remote sensing camera.
A common-path flexible off-axis four-inverse focal length optical system comprises a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a third mirror and a fourth mirror; the primary mirror is used as a fixed mirror and fixed relative to the optical axis of the system, and the secondary mirror, the third mirror and the fourth mirror are a total reflection zoom system consisting of three movable mirrors; the secondary mirror is a negative focal power reflector, and is moved to be positioned in the Cassegrain optical structure; the secondary mirror is a flexible deformable mirror, and the vertex of the secondary mirror moves along the direction of the optical axis of the system; the three mirrors and the four mirrors are positive focal power reflectors, and the vertexes of the three mirrors and the four mirrors move along the optical axis of the system; the light rays sequentially pass through the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, the third mirror and the fourth mirror, and finally an image is formed on an image surface of the detector.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention designs an optical system with large field of view, large relative aperture, miniaturization and light weight in order to meet the requirement of different imaging channels on the difference of focal length, relative aperture and the like of the optical system. The four-reflection optical system has the advantages of more design freedom, strong aberration balance and correction capability, good imaging quality, compact system structure and easy realization of large field of view and large relative aperture. The optical system is suitable for a space remote sensing camera on a satellite for earth observation.
The total reflection zoom system of the invention keeps the universality and advantages of the traditional zoom optics and simultaneously eliminates the defects of a refraction optical system. Comprises a fixed mirror and a total reflection zoom system, which is composed of three movable mirrors and can change the magnification, the visual field or both. The zoom lens has the advantages of low magnification, thick resolution, wide view of the extreme value of the zoom range, and capability of realizing searching and acquisition functions in the operation process of the system, thereby having higher magnification and thinner resolution.
The total reflection zoom system realizes the sharing of an optical path. Configuring various optical systems based on the same set of optical reflector; the on-orbit zoom optical system realizes three-gear variable focal length, and realizes ultra-lightness of the multi-channel optical system by combining with the aberration of the flexible deformable mirror correction system.
The total reflection zoom system has the advantages of small volume, low distortion, zooming, no obstruction, large visual field and the like, and is an optical system with long focal length and suitable for a high-resolution space remote sensing camera.
The total reflection zoom system has compact structure, the secondary mirror, the third mirror and the fourth mirror are all positioned behind the main mirror, and the total reflection type structure has light weight and small processing difficulty and is suitable for being used on a satellite for earth observation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a common-path flexible off-axis four-inverse focal length optical system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an optimized two-dimensional schematic diagram of a common-path flexible off-axis four-inverse focal length optical system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a modulation function graph of a common-path flexible off-axis four-inverse focal length optical system according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a common-path flexible off-axis four-inverse focal length optical system according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a field curvature distortion effect diagram of a common-path flexible off-axis four-inverse focal length optical system according to the present invention; fig. 5a is a graph of the curvature of field effect, and fig. 5b is a graph of the distortion effect.
Detailed Description
In the first embodiment, the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 5, and a common-path flexible off-axis four inverse focal length optical system includes a primary mirror 1, a secondary mirror 2, a three-mirror 3, and a four-mirror 4. A primary mirror 1, a secondary mirror 2, a tertiary mirror 3 and a quaternary mirror 4. The system also includes an entrance pupil and an exit pupil. The primary mirror 1 includes a central axis defining the optical axis of the system. The primary mirror 1 is fixed or stationary positioned relative to the optical axis. The aperture diaphragm is positioned on the primary mirror, and light rays sequentially pass through the primary mirror 1, the secondary mirror 2, the three mirrors 3 and the four mirrors 4 to finally form an image on an image surface 5. Imaging optics are typically placed behind the exit pupil to provide the final imaging plane.
The secondary mirror 2 is a flexible deformable mirror, and the secondary mirror and the primary mirror are located in a classical Cassegrain optical system by moving the secondary mirror and the primary mirror. The apex will move along the optical axis of the system. The three mirrors 3 are one positive power mirror. The position of the three mirrors is movable, the vertices of which will be located along the optical axis of the system. The four mirrors 4 are also positive power mirrors. The four mirrors 4 are movable in position, the vertex of which will be along the optical axis of the system. The secondary mirror 2 is a negative power mirror.
In this embodiment, the imaging optical system is a linear array CMOS detector, and an image plane of the linear array CMOS detector is inclined with respect to an optical axis of the system. The inclined angle range is 0-2 degrees.
In this embodiment, the primary mirror 1 may be a parabolic cone or a higher order aspheric mirror, the secondary mirror 2 may be a flexible deformable mirror, and the tertiary mirror 3 may be a spherical, conical or higher order aspheric mirror. The four mirrors 4 may be spherical, conical or higher order aspherical mirrors. The secondary mirror, the third mirror and the fourth mirror are provided with 0.1mm eccentricity and inclination for image quality optimization.
In this embodiment, the cassegrain optical system is selected as the optical system, and has a compact structure, a small central blocking, and no chromatic aberration, and the reflective optical system has a structure such that the pressure and chromatic aberration (i.e., a primary image plane rear continuous zoom system) in the correction of the secondary spectrum are reduced.
In the zooming operation, the movement of the secondary mirror keeps the primary mirror 1 and the secondary mirror 2 in line of sight and focus alignment. During the magnification scaling operation, the position of the exit pupil may change. All mirrors are centered on a common optical axis along which the motion of the movable mirrors (secondary, tertiary and quaternary) is along. The angle of the aperture entrance pupil relative to the optical axis is reduced. The field of view is centered on the optical axis and, at different magnifications, the field of view is also of different size in image space.
In the zooming operation, the observed object is reflected by the primary mirror 1, and then a light beam emitted from the observed object is received and reflected from the primary mirror 1 to the movable secondary mirror 2 (flexible deformable mirror). The light beam is received by the secondary mirror 2 and reflected to the tertiary mirror 3. Intermediate images between the beams, forming the object under observation, are reflected from the three mirrors 3 to the four mirrors 4 and pass through the rest of the system, eventually being re-imaged at infinity after passing through the exit pupil. The field of view of the image space ranges from 0.125 x 0.25 ° to 0.5 x 1.0 ° of magnification. The field of view of the object space is 2. In fig. 1, the movable secondary mirror 2, the three mirrors 3, and the four mirrors 4 (dashed boxes in the figure) are in different positions on the travel path of the mirrors.
There are three different dashed box positions along the mirror travel path in fig. 1. The magnifications of these three positions are 3.6 ×, 2.5 × and 1.7 × magnification positions, respectively. The field of view of the object space varies from 0.95 ° (field angle) at 3.6 × position to 2 ° (field angle) at 1.7 × magnification position.
At the 3.6 x magnification position, the diameter of 80% of the geometric blur on the axis in the target space is less than 0.09 mrad. At the 1.7 x magnification position, 80% of the blur diameter on the axis in the target space is less than 0.36 mrad. At the 2.5 x magnification position, the 80% blur diameter on the axis is about 4.6 mrad. Therefore, the system provides an earth observation range suitable for multi-view field application, and vegetation detail detection and reconnaissance identification can be carried out.
In this embodiment, a germanium reflective system is used to provide a zoom optical system, and the optical system can be used as a sensor having a zoom function. The gas can also be spectroscopically analyzed using this embodiment as a spectrometer camera to determine its chemical composition.
In the optical system according to the present embodiment, a total reflection zoom system is composed of a main mirror 1 fixed around a central axis, and a movable sub-mirror 2, a three-mirror 3, and a four-mirror 4; since the main mirror is fixed in position, the aperture of the entrance pupil is fixed during the movement of the movable mirror of the system, and the variation of the field angle and the magnification is caused by the zooming action.
The reflective zoom optical system according to, wherein the two or more movable mirrors are each positioned such that the vertex moves along the central axis. The reflective zoom optical system according to, wherein the two or more movable mirrors are positioned such that one of the movable mirrors receives light emitted from the object to be viewed, that is: the three mirrors 3 receive the light emitted by the secondary mirror, reflect the light to the four mirrors and finally reach the image plane.
In the reflecting process, the positions of the three movable mirrors are included, and the received light can be reflected to be received from the fixed mirrors through the secondary mirror 2 through moving expression and then is transmitted in sequence through the light path. The detector receives images through the exit pupil position, and the diversified zooming function is performed through the movement of two or more mirrors, so that the images or the visual field can be enlarged.
The optical system according to the present embodiment corrects residual aberration and tilt by sequentially correcting the residual aberration and tilt by the aspheric coefficients and the decentering and tilt amounts of the secondary mirror 2, the tertiary mirror 3, and the quaternary mirror 4. Therefore, the processing difficulty of the primary mirror 1 is reduced, and simultaneously, more optimization degrees of freedom are introduced, so that the optical system can realize low distortion while ensuring high-quality imaging, the MTF curve of the optical system in the embodiment of FIG. 3 can be seen to be close to the diffraction limit, the edge field of view is above 0.41 when the MTF is 50lp/mm, and the imaging quality requirement is met. Fig. 4 is a dot-column diagram in the present embodiment, and it can be seen from the diagram that the diameter RMS of the full-field diffuse spot is less than 10 μm, which satisfies that the target surface of the linear array CCD in the spatial detection is on its pixel, and the energy concentration is greater than or equal to 80%. Fig. 5 shows that the maximum distortion of field curvature and distortion in the present embodiment is 0.32%, which satisfies the imaging requirements.
The optical system of the embodiment has the characteristics of variable focus, compact optical machine structure, small volume, long focal length, light weight, low cost, wide spectrum range and the like, and can realize high-precision ground reconnaissance and mapping.
The above description is only for the best mode of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes and substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112213847A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2021-01-12 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Refrigeration type free-form surface off-axis four-mirror optical system with large relative aperture |
| CN112305739A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-02 | 湖北久之洋红外系统股份有限公司 | Common-path wide-narrow-view-field combined infrared dual-waveband imaging optical system |
| CN112710390A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-04-27 | 北京理工大学 | Resolution-adjustable off-axis four-counter-rotation zoom imaging spectrometer |
| CN113970867A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2022-01-25 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A tower camera structure applied to a coaxial four-mirror optical system |
| US11320637B2 (en) | 2019-08-11 | 2022-05-03 | Youngwan Choi | Small form factor 4-mirror based imaging systems |
| CN114815203A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-07-29 | 北京理工大学 | An off-axis four-reflection non-axial zoom imaging optical system with large relative aperture |
| US11579430B2 (en) | 2019-08-11 | 2023-02-14 | Youngwan Choi | Small form factor, multispectral 4-mirror based imaging systems |
| US11650402B2 (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2023-05-16 | Tsinghua University | Freeform surface off-axial three-mirror imaging system |
| US11668915B2 (en) | 2019-08-11 | 2023-06-06 | Youngwan Choi | Dioptric telescope for high resolution imaging in visible and infrared bands |
| CN117170078A (en) * | 2023-11-02 | 2023-12-05 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Reflective zoom afocal optical system |
| CN117406412A (en) * | 2023-12-14 | 2024-01-16 | 武汉宇熠科技有限公司 | Off-axis reflection type precise measurement optical system based on free curved surface |
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11320637B2 (en) | 2019-08-11 | 2022-05-03 | Youngwan Choi | Small form factor 4-mirror based imaging systems |
| US11668915B2 (en) | 2019-08-11 | 2023-06-06 | Youngwan Choi | Dioptric telescope for high resolution imaging in visible and infrared bands |
| US11579430B2 (en) | 2019-08-11 | 2023-02-14 | Youngwan Choi | Small form factor, multispectral 4-mirror based imaging systems |
| US11650402B2 (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2023-05-16 | Tsinghua University | Freeform surface off-axial three-mirror imaging system |
| CN113970867A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2022-01-25 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A tower camera structure applied to a coaxial four-mirror optical system |
| CN113970867B (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2022-11-08 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A tower camera structure applied to a coaxial four-mirror optical system |
| CN112213847A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2021-01-12 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Refrigeration type free-form surface off-axis four-mirror optical system with large relative aperture |
| CN112305739A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-02 | 湖北久之洋红外系统股份有限公司 | Common-path wide-narrow-view-field combined infrared dual-waveband imaging optical system |
| CN112305739B (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2024-01-26 | 湖北久之洋红外系统股份有限公司 | Infrared dual-band imaging optical system combining common optical path wide and narrow fields of view |
| CN112710390A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-04-27 | 北京理工大学 | Resolution-adjustable off-axis four-counter-rotation zoom imaging spectrometer |
| CN114815203A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-07-29 | 北京理工大学 | An off-axis four-reflection non-axial zoom imaging optical system with large relative aperture |
| CN117170078A (en) * | 2023-11-02 | 2023-12-05 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Reflective zoom afocal optical system |
| CN117170078B (en) * | 2023-11-02 | 2024-01-12 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Reflection type zoom afocal optical system |
| CN117406412A (en) * | 2023-12-14 | 2024-01-16 | 武汉宇熠科技有限公司 | Off-axis reflection type precise measurement optical system based on free curved surface |
| CN117406412B (en) * | 2023-12-14 | 2024-03-08 | 武汉宇熠科技有限公司 | Off-axis reflection type precise measurement optical system based on free curved surface |
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