CN111956799A - 抗pd-1抗体和/或pd-l1抗体在制备治疗帕金森病药物中的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及医药技术领域,具体涉及抗PD‑1抗体和/或抗PD‑L1抗体在制备治疗帕金森病的药物中的应用。本发明发现抗PD‑1抗体和/或抗PD‑L1抗体能减少阿尔法突触核蛋白聚集,抗PD‑1/PD‑L1的抗体派姆单抗、纳武单抗、西米普利单抗、特瑞普利单抗、信迪利单抗、卡瑞利珠单抗、替雷利珠单抗、阿替利珠单抗、德瓦鲁单抗和阿文利单抗均能减少阿尔法突触核蛋白聚集。在具体临床应用案例中发现,通过静脉注射或口服抗PD‑1/PD‑L1抗体,能改善帕金森病症,并能有效阻止该病情的发展。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药技术领域,具体涉及抗PD-1抗体和/或抗PD-L1抗体在制备治疗帕金森病的药物中的应用。
背景技术
帕金森病是一种神经退行性疾病。它在老年痴呆症后成为第二个最普遍的神经退行性疾病。在世界范围内超过一千万人正承受这种疾病(Ball N, Teo W, Chandra S andChapman J. Parkinson's Disease and the Environment.Front Neurol. 2019; 10:218.)。它的主要症状是震颤,运动迟缓,肌肉紧张,沉重乏力,姿势和平衡受损,便秘,面具脸,弯腰弓背和说话和写字姿态改变。该病的起因仍不明确。一般认为,在中脑,阿尔法突触核蛋白不正常的聚集导致产生多巴胺的细胞不能正常的工作,甚至死亡,从而引起中脑多巴胺减少,运动控制混乱,产生帕金森症状(Stefanis L. α-Synuclein in Parkinson'sdisease. Cold Spring HarbPerspect Med. 2012;2: a009399.)。
有效治疗帕金森病是通过使用药物如左旋多巴,多巴胺激动剂,MAO-B抑制剂,COMT抑制剂和金刚烷胺去增加大脑纹状体多巴胺的浓度或模仿多巴胺来增加多巴胺的效果。但目前没有方法能减慢和停止帕金森病的发展(Foltynie T, Langston JW.Therapies to Slow, Stop, or Reverse Parkinson's Disease. J Parkinsons Dis.2018;8(s1): S115–S121.)。开发新的药物去减慢、停止和治愈这种疾病已成为一个亟待解决的课题。
PD-1(程序性死亡受体1),也称为 CD279(分化簇 279),是一种蛋白质,发现于T细胞表面,作为免疫检查点其功能是下调免疫反应。抗PD-1 单克隆抗体,如派姆单抗(pembrolizumab)、纳武单抗(nivolumab)、西米普利单抗(cemiplimab)、特瑞普利单抗(toripalimab)、信迪利单抗(sintilimab)、卡瑞利珠单抗(camrelizumab)和替雷利珠单抗(tislelizumab)已经获得FDA 和NMPA 的批准用于癌症治疗。PD-L1 (程序性死亡配体 1),也称为 CD274(分化簇 274),它是PD-1 的配体,是一种免疫下调跨膜蛋白。它被发现在激活的T 细胞,B 细胞,骨髓细胞和炎症的巨噬细胞。抗PD-L1 抗体,如阿替利珠单抗(atezolizumab)、德瓦鲁单抗(durvalumab)和阿文利单抗(avelumab)已经获得FDA 和NMPA的批准用于癌症治疗(Qin W, Hu L, Zhang X, et al. The Diverse Function of PD-1/PD-L Pathway Beyond Cancer. Front Immunol. 2019.; 10:2298;Pan C, Liu H,Robins E, Song W, Liu D, Li Z, Zheng L. next-generation immuno-oncologyagents: current momentum shifts in cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol.2020; 13:29.)。
抗PD-1/PD-L1 抗体已经用于癌症治疗,但没有使用于治疗帕金森病的先例。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供抗PD-1抗体和抗PD-L1 抗体的新的医药用途。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明提供了抗PD-1抗体和/或抗PD-L1抗体在制备治疗帕金森病的药物中的应用。
在进一步的方案中,所述药物包括药学上的有效成分的有效剂量和药学上可接受的载体;所述有效成分为抗PD-1抗体和/或抗PD-L1抗体,或者有效成分由抗PD-1抗体和/或抗PD-L1抗体以及其他治疗帕金森病的药物联合组成。
在进一步的方案中,所述药物包括药学上有效剂量的抗PD-1抗体和/或抗PD-L1抗体以及药学上可接受的载体。
在进一步的方案中,所述抗PD-1抗体包括:派姆单抗、纳武单抗、西米普利单抗、特瑞普利单抗、信迪利单抗、卡瑞利珠单抗和替雷利珠单抗;所述抗PD-L1抗体包括:阿替利珠单抗、德瓦鲁单抗和阿文利单抗。
在更进一步的方案中,所述药物的给药方式为静脉注射或者口服。
在更进一步的方案中,通过静脉注射药物时,抗PD-1抗体的有效剂量:派姆单抗,40~1000 mg/ 3 周或 80~2000 mg/ 6 周;纳武单抗,48~1200mg/ 2 周或96~2400mg/4周;西米普利单抗,70~1750mg /3 周;特瑞普利单抗,0.6~15mg/kg/ 2 周;信迪利单抗,40~1000mg/3周;卡瑞利珠单抗40~1000mg /2 周和替雷利珠单抗,40~1000mg/ 3 周。其通过口服用药时,抗PD-1抗体的有效剂量为相应抗体静脉注射剂量的3倍。
在更进一步的方案中,通过静脉注射药物时,抗PD-L1抗体的有效剂量:阿替利珠单抗,168~4200mg/2周或 240~6000mg/ 3周或 336~8400 mg/ 4周;德瓦鲁单抗2~50mg/kg/ 2周和阿文利单抗160~4000mg/ 2 周。其通过口服用药时,抗PD-L1抗体的有效剂量为相应抗体静脉注射剂量的3倍。
在更进一步的方案中,可将药物制成乳剂、微乳剂、纳米乳剂、纳米颗粒、脂质体、脂质纳米粒、微球、微囊、纳米囊和胶囊等剂型进行口服,以减少胃肠道的破坏并增加吸收。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明发现抗PD-1抗体和/或抗PD-L1抗体能减少阿尔法突触核蛋白聚集,进一步地确认中发现抗PD-1/PD-L1的抗体:派姆单抗、替雷利珠单抗、纳武单抗、西米普利单抗、卡瑞利珠单抗、特瑞普利单抗、信迪利单抗以及阿替利珠单抗、阿文利单抗、德瓦鲁单抗均能减少阿尔法突触核蛋白聚集。
在具体临床应用案例中发现,抗PD-1/PD-L1抗体能改善帕金森病症,并能有效阻止病情的发展。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细叙述。
本发明实施例中所用实验动物和实验药品均为市售。
实施例1抗PD-1/PD-L1抗体对帕金森鼠的α-聚核蛋白低聚物的作用
本实施例中,使用Luk等的方法(Luk KC, Kehm V, Carroll J, Zhang B, O'Brien P,Trojanowski JQ, Lee V. Pathological α-Synuclein Transmission InitiatesParkinson-like Neurodegeneration in Nontransgenic Mice. Science. 2012; 338:949–953.)诱导帕金森鼠。过程如下:在雄性C57BL/6鼠纹状体内注射15 μgα-突触核蛋白原纤维。60天后,将上述雄性C57BL/6鼠分组,每组10只鼠,静脉注射待测试的药物:派姆单抗、替雷利珠单抗、纳武单抗、西米普利单抗、卡瑞利珠单抗、特瑞普利单抗、信迪利单抗以及阿替利珠单抗、阿文利单抗、德瓦鲁单抗,每种药物使用两种剂量进行注射,具体注射剂量见表1,每隔10天注射一次,另外将注射PBS的雄性C57BL/6鼠作为空白对照组。注射α-突触核蛋白原纤维后的第95天,收集鼠的脑脊液并检测α-聚核蛋白低聚物。
α-聚核蛋白低聚物含量测定按照EI-Agnaf等的方法(El-Agnaf OM, Salem SA,Paleologou KE, Curran MD, Gibson MJ, Court JA, Schlossmacher MG, Allsop D.Detection of Oligomeric Forms of Alpha-Synuclein Protein in Human Plasma as aPotential Biomarker for Parkinson's Disease. FASEB J. 2006; 20: 419-25.)。该方法为ELISA法,具体的,将mAb 211抗体溶于含200 mM NaHCO3、0.02% (w/v)叠氮化钠的pH9.6的溶液中至1 µg/mL,然后将溶液按照100 µL/孔加至ELISA板上,4°C过夜。用PBST洗液(包括0.05% Tween 20的PBS)洗四次。之后按200 µL/孔加阻挡缓冲液 (阻挡缓冲液包括2.5% 明胶和0.05% 吐温 20),37°C孵浴2 小时。再用PBST洗液洗4次。之后将100 µL脑脊髓液样品加到每个孔中,37°C孵浴2小时。再用PBST洗液洗4次,按照100 µL/孔加入1 µg/mL的生物素标记的、稀释于阻挡缓冲液的mAb 211,37°C孵浴2小时。用PBST洗液洗四次。加入100µL/孔、按3:5000稀释于阻挡缓冲液的亲和素偶联碱性磷酸酯酶,37°C孵浴1小时。再用PBST洗液洗4次。加入100 µL/孔酶底物pNPP,在室温作用30分钟。最后在405 nm测吸收值。
鼠脑脊髓液的采集参照Lim的方法(Lim NK, Moestrup V, Zhang X, Wang WA, Møller A, Huang FD. An Improved Method for Collection of Cerebrospinal Fluidfrom Anesthetized Mice. J Vis Exp. 2018; 133: 56774.)。
α-聚核蛋白低聚物清除率的计算按照下列公式:
α-聚核蛋白低聚物清除 (%) = (空白对照组的吸收值– 测试药组的吸收值) / 空白对照组的吸收值* 100%
表1. 抗PD-1 抗体对帕金森鼠的α-聚核蛋白低聚物清除效果
组别 | 剂量(mg/kg) | α-聚核蛋白低聚物清除率(%) |
派姆单抗 | 1 | 19 ± 4 |
派姆单抗 | 4 | 52 ± 6 |
替雷利珠单抗 | 1 | 18 ± 2 |
替雷利珠单抗 | 4 | 57 ± 5 |
纳武单抗 | 1.8 | 18 ± 2 |
纳武单抗 | 7.2 | 59 ± 6 |
西米普利单抗 | 1.4 | 22 ± 3 |
西米普利单抗 | 6.8 | 58 ± 5 |
卡瑞利珠单抗 | 1.5 | 23 ± 3 |
卡瑞利珠单抗 | 6 | 57 ± 7 |
特瑞普利单抗 | 1.1 | 20 ± 3 |
特瑞普利单抗 | 4.5 | 57 ± 6 |
信迪利单抗 | 1 | 18 ± 2 |
信迪利单抗 | 4 | 59 ± 7 |
n=3(表示重复次数为3次)
从表1中可以看出,所有抗体在高浓度时具有显著的清除α-聚核蛋白低聚物效果,清除率 ≥50%。高浓度时各个抗体之间清除α-聚核蛋白低聚物的效果差异不显著(p ≥ 0.05)。所有抗体在低浓度时的清除α-聚核蛋白低聚物效果低于高浓度时的清除效果,清除率 ≤25%。低浓度时各个抗体之间清除α-聚核蛋白低聚物的效果差异不显著(p ≥ 0.05)。
表2. 抗PD-L1抗体对帕金森鼠的α-聚核蛋白低聚物清除效果
组别 | 剂量(mg/kg) | α-聚核蛋白低聚物清除率 (%) |
阿替利珠 | 6 | 23 ± 4 |
阿替利珠 | 24 | 53 ± 6 |
阿文利 | 6 | 20 ± 3 |
阿文利 | 24 | 51 ± 5 |
德瓦鲁 | 2.5 | 19 ± 2 |
德瓦鲁 | 10 | 59 ± 5 |
n=3(表示重复次数为3次)
在表2中可以看出,所有抗体在高浓度时具有显著的清除α-聚核蛋白低聚物效果,清除率≥50%。高浓度时各个抗体之间清除α-聚核蛋白低聚物的效果差异不显著(p ≥ 0.05)。所有抗体在低浓度时的清除α-聚核蛋白低聚物效果低于高浓度时的清除效果,清除率 ≤25%。低浓度时各个抗体之间清除α-聚核蛋白低聚物的效果差异不显著(p ≥ 0.05)。
总的来说,抗PD-1抗体派姆单抗、替雷利珠单抗、纳武单抗、西米普利单抗、卡瑞利珠单抗、特瑞普利单抗、信迪利单抗以及抗PD-L1抗体阿替利珠单抗、阿文利单抗、德瓦鲁单抗均可以清除清除α-聚核蛋白低聚物。这可能是由于抗PD-1/PD-L1抗体抑制PD-1/PD-L1,提高了机体免疫活性,故阻挡阿尔法突触核蛋白聚集,甚至摧毁阿尔法突触核蛋白聚集体,从而恢复多巴胺细胞的正常功能并减少其死亡,停止大脑多巴胺的进一步减少,显示出治疗帕金森病的效果。
实施例2口服乳剂的制备
乳剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:将抗PD-1抗体和/或抗PD-L1抗体以50mg :1 mL的比例溶于含4%吐温-80的PBS缓冲液中作水相,具体如下:将500mg派姆单抗溶于10mL含4%吐温-80的PBS缓冲液中作水相;将含6%卵磷脂的橄榄油作油相;然后将水相和油相等体积混合,3000转震荡2分钟后30000转搅拌5分钟,现配现用。
实施例3临床实验
临床评估使用帕金森病综合评估量表(MDS-UPDRS)(参考https://www.movementdisorders.org/MDS/MDS-Rating-Scales/MDS-Unified-Parkinsons-Disease-Rating-Scale-MDS-MDS-MDS-UPDRS.htm)。实验为期12个月。帕金森病病人以专业医生确诊为纳入标准。对左旋多巴类药物耐受的病人排除本实验之外。本实施例中病人在实验前适量减少前期使用的帕金森病治疗药物左旋多巴类药物的剂量,以至症状明显。本实施例中使用的抗PD-1/PD-L1抗体药物为商业临床用药,静脉注射的用法和用量参照其在抗癌治疗中的用法用量。
病例1:
女,年龄:78岁,体重:65公斤,身高:1.60米,六年前被确诊作帕金森病。主要症状:四肢轻微震颤,头颈疼痛, 腰酸背痛,面具脸,乏力,运动迟缓,肌肉紧张,流口水,便秘,弯腰弓背和不时焦躁不安。病人正常每天服用多巴丝肼片500mg,吡贝地尔 50mg, 并配合一定的抗抑郁药,主要症状平缓。实验开始三日前,每天服用多巴丝肼片改为250mg,其它用药如常,实验用药前主要症状显现。
实验过程如下:
静脉注射抗PD-1抗体,派姆单抗 200mg。24h后,主要症状明显改善,比较治疗前后,MDS-UPDRS改善54%。并且该效果保持约三周。三周后症状再现。再次静脉注射派姆单抗200mg,24h后,主要症状明显改善,并且该效果能保持约三周。
症状再现三天后,口服派姆单抗 600mg,24h后,主要症状明显改善,比较治疗前后,MDS-UPDRS改善56%。并且该效果能保持约三周。症状再现。即口服派姆单抗 600mg,之后,每三周口服一次,每次600mg。三个月后停止使用上述抗体,用药效果能保持五周。
病例2:
男,年龄:69岁,体重:66公斤,身高:1.72米,高血压十余年。大约八年前被诊断作帕金森症。主要症状:左侧震颤,头颈疼痛,运动迟缓,肌肉紧张,面具脸,便秘,弯腰弓背和抑郁。病人每天服用多巴丝肼625mg并配合一定的抗抑郁药和抗高血压药。实验开始三天前,病人每天服用多巴丝肼改为375mg,其它用药如常。
实验过程如下:
静脉注射抗PD-L1抗体,德瓦鲁单抗10mg/kg。24h后,主要症状明显改善,并且该效果能保持约两周。比较治疗前后,MDS-UPDRS改善60%。两周后症状再现。再次静脉注射德瓦鲁单抗10mg/kg,24h后,主要症状明显改善,并且该效果能保持约2周。
两周后症状再现三天后,口服德瓦鲁单抗 30mg/kg。24h后, 主要症状明显改善,比较治疗前后,MDS-UPDRS改善58%。并且该效果能保持约两周。症状再现后即口服德瓦鲁单抗 30mg/kg,之后,每两周口服一次,每次30mg/kg。三个月后停止使用上述抗体,用药效果能保持四周。
凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明还可有其他多种实施例,在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下,熟悉本领域的技术人员当可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形,但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.抗PD-1抗体和/或抗PD-L1抗体在制备治疗帕金森病的药物中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物包括药学上的有效成分的有效剂量和药学上可接受的载体;所述有效成分为抗PD-1抗体和/或抗PD-L1抗体,或者有效成分由抗PD-1抗体和/或抗PD-L1抗体以及其他治疗帕金森病的药物联合组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述抗PD-1抗体包括:派姆单抗、纳武单抗、西米普利单抗、特瑞普利单抗、信迪利单抗、卡瑞利珠单抗和替雷利珠单抗;所述抗PD-L1抗体包括:阿替利珠单抗、德瓦鲁单抗和阿文利单抗。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物的给药方式为静脉注射或口服。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,通过静脉注射药物时,抗PD-1抗体的有效剂量:派姆单抗,40~1000 mg / 3周或80~2000 mg /6周;纳武单抗,48~1200mg /2周或96~2400mg /4周;西米普利单抗,70~1750mg /3周;特瑞普利单抗,0.6~15mg/kg /2周;信迪利单抗,40~1000mg/3周;卡瑞利珠单抗40~1000mg /2周和替雷利珠单抗,40~1000mg /3周;
通过静脉注射药物时,抗PD-L1抗体的有效剂量:阿替利珠单抗,168~4200mg/2周或240~6000mg/ 3周或 336~8400 mg/ 4周;德瓦鲁单抗2~50mg/kg/ 2周和阿文利单抗160~4000mg/ 2 周;
其通过口服药物时,抗PD-1抗体或抗PD-L1抗体的有效剂量为相应抗体静脉注射剂量的3倍。
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