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CN111953098A - 旋转电机 - Google Patents

旋转电机 Download PDF

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CN111953098A
CN111953098A CN202010385814.7A CN202010385814A CN111953098A CN 111953098 A CN111953098 A CN 111953098A CN 202010385814 A CN202010385814 A CN 202010385814A CN 111953098 A CN111953098 A CN 111953098A
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rotor
magnet
holding portion
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permanent magnet
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CN111953098B (zh
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真保信之
三竹晃司
黑嶋敏浩
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TDK Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/245Magnetic cores made from sheets, e.g. grain-oriented
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706Inner rotors
    • H02K1/2713Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being axial, e.g. claw-pole type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/20Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
    • H01F1/22Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F13/00Apparatus or processes for magnetising or demagnetising
    • H01F13/003Methods and devices for magnetising permanent magnets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/255Magnetic cores made from particles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0206Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
    • H01F41/0233Manufacturing of magnetic circuits made from sheets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/02Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the magnetic material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H02K1/2766Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/02Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
    • H02K15/03Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies having permanent magnets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H02K21/16Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having annular armature cores with salient poles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种旋转电机。在作为旋转电机之一种的IPM马达中,通过在永磁铁的右侧端部的内弧侧部分附近替换地配置导磁率和饱和磁通量密度比由层叠钢板构成的主体部低的由软磁性粉的压粉成型体构成的第一部分,能够抑制局部退磁。

Description

旋转电机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种旋转电机。
背景技术
目前,作为旋转电机,已知有内转子式马达的一种,即在转子内部埋入有永磁铁的IPM马达(例如,日本特开2000-134842号公报)。
发明内容
发明要解决的技术问题
在上述的IPM马达中,由于转子旋转时的反向磁场,在永磁铁中可能发生局部退磁。发明人进行了锐意研究,结果新发现了能够抑制转子中的永磁铁的局部退磁的技术。
依照本发明,能够提供一种实现了效率提高的旋转电机。
用于解决技术问题的技术方案
本发明的一方式的旋转电机包括可绕规定的轴线在规定的旋转方向上旋转的转子和定子,转子和定子的一者具有能够安装多个永磁铁的磁铁保持部,另一者具有能够安装多个线圈的线圈保持部,该旋转电机中,各永磁铁在转子的轴线方向上遍及磁铁保持部的全长地延伸,磁铁保持部具有:保持各永磁铁的主体部;以及永磁铁与转子—定子间空气隙之间的旋转方向的后方侧的第一部分,第一部分具有比磁铁保持部的主体部的导磁率低的导磁率,且具有比磁铁保持部的主体部的饱和磁通量密度低的饱和磁通量密度。
在上述旋转电机中,由于第一部分具有比磁铁保持部的主体部的导磁率低的导磁率,且具有比磁铁保持部的主体部的饱和磁通量密度低的饱和磁通量密度,因此相比于第一部分具有与磁铁保持部的主体部相同的导磁率和相同的饱和磁通量密度的情况,能够抑制在转子旋转时可能产生的永磁铁的旋转方向后方侧的端部的局部退磁。
另一方式的旋转电机中,磁铁保持部的主体部由在转子的轴线方向上层叠多个硅钢板而成的层叠钢板构成,第一部分由软磁性粉的压粉成型体构成。
发明效果
依照本发明,能够提供一种实现了效率提高的旋转电机。
附图说明
图1是表示一实施方式的IPM马达的概略剖视图。
图2是图1所示的IPM马达的II-II线剖视图。
图3是图1所示的IPM马达的主要部分的概略俯视图。
具体实施方式
下面,参照附图,对各种实施方式和实施例进行说明。此外,在各附图中,对相同或相应的部分标注相同的附图标记,省略重复的说明。
在以下所示的实施方式中,作为旋转电机,以马达(更详细而言为IPM马达)为例进行说明。图1表示实施方式的IPM马达1。图1是表示从轴线X的方向观察到的IPM马达1的俯视图。IPM马达1是具有转子10和定子20,并且转子10位于定子20的内侧的内转子式的马达。IPM马达1具有8极12槽的结构。
转子10构成为包括轴12和转子芯14(磁铁保持部)。
轴12具有圆柱状的形状,在与图1的纸面垂直的方向上延伸。轴12由例如不锈钢等构成。
转子芯14具有圆筒状的形状,在内侧具有轴孔14a。轴12嵌入于转子芯14的轴孔14a,转子芯14和轴12绕轴线X一体地旋转。在本实施方式中,转子芯14的外径为85mm,内径为158.4mm。另外,转子芯14的宽度(即,轴线X的方向上的长度)为100mm。
如图1和图2所示,在转子芯14安装有多个永磁铁30。多个永磁铁30能够采用由相同材料构成的永磁铁。在本实施方式中,各永磁铁30由稀土系永磁铁构成,例如为钕系烧结磁铁。各永磁铁30可以是钕系以外的烧结磁铁,也可以是烧结磁铁以外的磁铁(例如粘结磁铁或热加工磁铁等)。
各永磁铁30收纳于与转子10的轴线X平行地延伸的磁铁用孔16。磁铁用孔16的内侧尺寸被设计成比后述的永磁铁30的外形尺寸稍大。因此,永磁铁30在磁铁用孔16内位置和姿势不变。
在本实施方式中,转子10具有相同形状的8个永磁铁30,8个永磁铁30中永磁铁30的对关于轴线X以相等的角度间隔配置。永磁铁30都以如下方式配置,即从轴线X的方向观察时,具有拱状(或C字状)的端面形状和截面形状,以其内弧侧朝向转子芯14的外周面14b的方式配置。永磁铁30均取向于径向,在内弧侧具有N极的N极磁铁30A和在内弧侧具有S极的极磁铁30B绕轴线X而交替地配置。在本实施方式中,永磁铁30不露出转子芯14的外周面14b,而从外周面14b稍微进入内侧。在本实施方式中,永磁铁30具有外弧的曲率半径为35mm、内弧的曲率半径为28.7mm、张角为100°的截面形状。
永磁铁30以其延伸方向与转子10的轴线X平行的方式配置于转子芯14的磁铁用孔16内。如图2所示,磁铁用孔16和永磁铁30在轴线X的方向上遍及转子芯14的全长地延伸。永磁铁30的延伸方向上的长度与转子芯14的宽度实质上相同,在本实施方式中为100mm。
定子20具有以包围转子10的外周的方式设置的圆筒状的定子铁芯21(线圈保持部)。在转子10与定子20之间设有均匀宽度的空气隙(air gap)G(作为一例,0.8mm宽)。在定子铁芯21的内周侧配置有多个(在本实施方式中为12个)线圈22。多个线圈22关于转子10的轴线X以相等的角度间隔配置。当从未图示的逆变电路(inverter circuit)等对多个线圈22施加三相交流电压时,在定子铁芯21的内周侧产生旋转磁场。在本实施方式中,定子铁芯21的外径为250mm,内径为160mm。另外,定子铁芯21的宽度(即,轴线X的方向上的长度)为100mm。
如图3所示,转子芯14具有保持各永磁铁30的主体部17和第一部分18。
主体部17由在轴线X的方向上层叠多个钢板19而成的层叠钢板构成。各钢板19的厚度例如为0.2~0.5mm。作为钢板19,可采用硅钢板。
第一部分18是永磁铁30与转子—定子间空气隙G之间的旋转方向的后方侧的部分。更详细而言,是永磁铁30与转子—定子间空气隙G之间且比永磁铁30的张角的二等分线L靠旋转方向的后方侧的部分。第一部分18由软磁性粉的压粉成型体构成。作为压粉成型体的软磁性粉,能够采用Fe3Si粉等纯铁系磁性粉。压粉成型体的软磁性粉的平均粒径(d50)例如为20~100μm。压粉成型体通过粘合软磁性粉粘结而获得,粘合中可使用树脂等粘合剂。压粉成型体能够通过使用软磁性粉的热成型来获得。在第一部分18由Fe3Si粉的压粉成型体构成的情况下,第一部分18的导磁率和饱和磁通量密度比主体部17的导磁率和饱和磁通量密度低。由软磁性粉的压粉成型体构成的第一部分18的导磁率例如为500~1000H/m,由层叠钢板构成的主体部17的导磁率例如为5000~20000H/m(作为一例,为10000H/m),但不限定于这些数值范围。
这里,已知在如IPM马达1那样安装有永磁铁的马达中,通过转子旋转来部分地施加与磁铁的磁化方向反向的磁场(反向磁场)。已知施加反向磁场的区域因永磁铁的配置等而变化,例如对转子的旋转方向的后方侧(旋转方向的相反侧)的端部施加反向磁场。例如,当设图3所示的箭头R为转子10的旋转方向时,认为对永磁铁30的右侧端部的内弧侧部分31(即,空气隙G侧的部分)附近施加反向磁场。这样,在产生反向磁场的区域中,有可能发生永磁铁的退磁。
发明人得到了如下见解,即:通过在容易施加反向磁场的区域即永磁铁30的右侧端部的内弧侧部分31附近配置导磁率和饱和磁通量密度更低的材料,能够抑制局部退磁。
在上述的IPM马达1中,通过在永磁铁30的右侧端部的内弧侧部分31附近替换地配置导磁率和饱和磁通量密度比由层叠钢板构成的主体部17低的由软磁性粉的压粉成型体构成的第一部分18,能够抑制局部退磁。
此外,第一部分18只要位于永磁铁30的右侧端部的内弧侧部分31即可,能够适当改变从轴线方向观察时的尺寸和形状。
另外,在IPM马达1中,在转子旋转时等的高温下,可能发生永磁铁30的磁力降低的现象(所谓的热退磁)。在IPM马达1中,通过替换地配置导磁率和饱和磁通量密度比由层叠钢板构成的主体部17低的由软磁性粉的压粉成型体构成的第一部分18,也能够抑制热退磁。
本发明的旋转电机不限于上述的实施方式,可进行各种变形。
例如,IPM马达的极数或槽数可适当增减。另外,永磁铁的端面形状和截面形状不限于拱状,可以为V字状等,也可以为从轴线X的方向观察时被分割成多个的形状。在上述的实施方式中,对作为旋转电机的一种的马达(电动机)进行了说明,但本发明也能够应用于作为旋转电机的一种的发电机。

Claims (2)

1.一种旋转电机,其包括可绕规定的轴线在规定的旋转方向上旋转的转子和定子,所述转子和所述定子的一者具有能够安装多个永磁铁的磁铁保持部,另一者具有能够安装多个线圈的线圈保持部,所述旋转电机的特征在于:
所述各永磁铁所述转子的轴线方向上遍及所述磁铁保持部的全长地延伸,
所述磁铁保持部具有:保持所述各永磁铁的主体部;以及所述永磁铁与转子—定子间空气隙之间的所述旋转方向的后方侧的第一部分,
所述第一部分具有比所述磁铁保持部的所述主体部的导磁率低的导磁率,且具有比所述磁铁保持部的所述主体部的饱和磁通量密度低的饱和磁通量密度。
2.如权利要求1所述的旋转电机,其特征在于:
所述磁铁保持部的主体部由在所述转子的轴线方向上层叠多个硅钢板而成的层叠钢板构成,
所述第一部分由软磁性粉的压粉成型体构成。
CN202010385814.7A 2019-05-17 2020-05-09 旋转电机 Active CN111953098B (zh)

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