CN111948971A - A smart card management device and data transfer method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention relate to a smart card management device and a data transfer method thereof, wherein the smart card management device has a four-layer structure with a bus expansion layer, which includes: a controller at the first layer, a plurality of The smart card control module is a plurality of smart cards in the fourth layer; the second layer is a bus expansion layer used to realize the communication between the controller and each smart card control module, and the bus expansion layer includes: a bus expansion module with a one-level structure or a multi-level structure Structured bus expansion modules connected in cascade; each bus expansion module at the last stage in the bus expansion layer is connected to a first preset number of smart card control modules; each smart card control module is connected to a second preset number of smart cards ; All bus expansion modules of the same level structure are integrated on a programmable device of FPGA or CPLD. The management device of the invention has simple wiring, low cost and high flexibility.

Description

A smart card management device and data transfer method thereof

technical field

Embodiments of the present invention relate to bus technology, and in particular, to a smart card management device and a data transfer method thereof.

Background technique

With the continuous development of technology, the integration of microcontrollers is getting higher and higher, and the peripheral interfaces it carries are also becoming more and more abundant. For example, a small embedded SoC (System-on-a-Chip, system-on-chip) not only integrates large-scale data processing units such as CPU and GPU, but also usually carries a UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter). , Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter), USB, IIC (Inter-Integrated Circuit, Integrated Circuit Bus), SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface, Serial Peripheral Interface) and other interfaces to communicate with external devices, in order to collect external sensor data or communicate with communicate with other devices.

Although the existing controller chips are more and more integrated and the interfaces are more and more abundant, for some special application scenarios (such as large-scale sensor arrays, smart card management devices, etc.) Tens of thousands of sensors or smart cards communicate, while the controller itself carries a very limited number of peripheral interfaces. Therefore, an effective bus expansion method is urgently needed to solve such problems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, at least one embodiment of the present invention provides a smart card management device and a data transfer method thereof.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a smart card management device, where the smart card management device has a four-layer structure with a bus expansion layer;

The smart card management device includes: a controller in the first layer, a plurality of smart card control modules in the third layer, and a plurality of smart cards in the fourth layer;

The second layer is a bus expansion layer used to realize the communication between the controller and each smart card control module, and the bus expansion layer includes: a bus expansion module with a one-level structure or a bus expansion module with a multi-level structure connected in a cascade manner module;

Each bus expansion module of the last stage in the bus expansion layer is connected to a first preset number of smart card control modules;

Each smart card control module is connected to a second preset number of smart cards;

Among them, some/all bus expansion modules of the same level structure are integrated on a programmable device.

In some embodiments, the communication protocol between the controller and the bus expansion module at the first level in the second layer is one of the following protocols:

UART protocol, IIC protocol, SPI protocol, USB communication protocol, CAN bus protocol and Ethernet protocol;

The communication protocol between the bus expansion module of the last level in the second layer and the smart card control module connected to the bus expansion module is one of the following protocols:

UART protocol, IIC protocol, SPI protocol, USB communication protocol, CAN bus protocol and Ethernet protocol.

In some embodiments, the communication protocols used between the modules of the first layer, the second layer and the third layer are the same;

And/or, the communication protocol used between the modules of the first layer, the second layer and the third layer is the USB communication protocol;

And/or, the communication protocol used by the bus extension layer is different from that used by the upper layer and the lower layer;

And/or, in the bus expansion layer, all bus expansion modules of the same level structure are integrated on one FPGA or CPLD.

In some embodiments, the bus expansion layer includes a bus expansion module of a primary structure, and each bus expansion module of the primary structure is a virtual USB HUB;

and / or,

Described bus expansion layer comprises the bus expansion module of multi-level structure, and each bus expansion module of each level structure is a virtual USB HUB;

Each USB HUB in each level of structure is connected to a plurality of smart card control modules, and is also connected to the bus expansion module of the next level.

In some embodiments, the bus expansion layer includes bus expansion modules in a multi-level structure, and each bus expansion module in each level is implemented by an FPGA/CPLD.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a smart card system, including a business service module, an external terminal, and the smart card management device described in any of the first aspects above. The smart card management device interacts with the business service module, and also communicates with an external terminal. Terminal interaction.

In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a data transfer method based on any one of the smart card management devices described in the first aspect, including:

The controller receives a service request from an external terminal, where the service request carries a smart card identifier;

The controller obtains, according to the smart card identifier, the identifiers of all bus expansion modules associated with the smart card identifier and the identifiers of the smart card control module;

The controller serves the request and the identification of all bus expansion modules, and sends a control command to the bus expansion module to which the identification of the first-level bus expansion module belongs, so that the bus expansion module bridges the controller data lines based on the identification of all bus expansion modules. to the smart card control module corresponding to the identity of the smart card control module;

The controller establishes a data connection with the smart card control module to realize the communication with the smart card corresponding to the smart card identifier when receiving the preparation response of the control command fed back by the bus extension module at the last level in the bus extension layer.

In some embodiments, after the last-level bus expansion module feeds back a ready response, it switches to a listening state of listening to the control command sent by the controller, so as to switch communications of other smart cards.

In some embodiments, the controller establishes a data connection with the smart card control module, including:

The controller performs corresponding configuration according to the data information provided by the smart card control module.

In some embodiments, when the bus expansion module is a virtual USB HUB,

The controller initializes each bus expansion module of each level in the bus expansion layer, so that each smart card control module in each bus expansion module is connected, and records the communication endpoint of each smart card control module;

Correspondingly, after receiving the service request from the external terminal, the controller searches for the communication endpoint of the smart card control module according to the pre-recorded index information including the communication endpoint, and establishes a data connection with the smart card control module to realize the smart card communication corresponding to the smart card identifier.

It can be seen that in at least one of the embodiments of the present invention, the smart card management device is provided with a bus expansion layer, and the bus expansion layer may include: a bus expansion module with a one-level structure or a bus expansion module with a multi-level structure that is connected in a cascaded manner modules for flexible expansion.

In addition, all bus expansion modules of the same level structure are integrated on one programmable device, thereby realizing simple wiring, low cost, better signal quality and higher communication rate.

The smart card management device of the present invention solves the problems in the prior art that a number of discrete digital logic units are used as switching devices for bus signals, resulting in a large number of overall equipment components, high cost and reduced stability, and also solves the problems of too many in the prior art. Discrete components are not conducive to the miniaturized design of printed circuit boards, and further solves the problem that the bus fan-out is too large, resulting in a decrease in communication rate and an increase in bit error rate.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. In the embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without creative labor.

Fig. 1 is a direct expansion logic block diagram corresponding to a scheme in the prior art;

Fig. 2 is a multi-level extension frame diagram corresponding to another scheme in the prior art;

3A and 3B are both structural diagrams of a smart card management device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

4 is a schematic flowchart of a data transfer method of the smart card management device of FIG. 3A;

5A and 5B are both structural diagrams of another smart card management apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments These are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply these There is no such actual relationship or sequence between entities or operations.

In order to better understand the bus extension structure of the smart card management apparatus in the embodiment of the present invention, the manner of each bus extension of the smart card management apparatus in the prior art will be described first.

Since the smart card in the smart card management device uses the ISO7816 protocol for communication, there are mainly two bus expansion methods for the smart card management device on the market:

The first bus expansion method is to use a digital logic unit (such as a multiplexer) as the main component, and through the control of the channel selection pin of the digital logic unit, the UART pin of the controller is connected to the smart card, thereby realizing Time-sharing communication, its structure is simple and easy to implement.

As shown in Figure 1, when the controller wants to communicate with the smart card, it first sends a path selection signal to the multiplexer. After receiving the signal, the multiplexer switches the communication signal line of the controller to the communication signal line of the corresponding smart card respectively according to the path selection signal. If the route selection is 0, the controller signal line is connected to the smart card 1a, and if it is 1, it is connected to the smart card 2a.

However, the above-mentioned bus expansion method has the following drawbacks:

a) Due to the different response rates of different batches, different manufacturers and different models of multiplexers, after the controller sends the route selection signal, it needs to wait long enough (usually tens of milliseconds to hundreds of milliseconds) to try to communicate with the smart card to communicate. Failure to do so may result in data loss.

b) The multiplexer generally chooses 1 out of 8, and the volume is large. If there are many communication signal lines, such as SPI4 lines, it will take up a lot of PCB space.

c) UART is asynchronous communication, so the smart card may send information to the controller at any time, and the uplink data will be lost when the controller has not selected to communicate with it. For example, when the smart card 2a sends information to the controller, and the controller is communicating with the smart card 1a, the information of the smart card 2a cannot be acquired by the controller.

The second bus expansion method is mainly generated to solve the defect c) in the first bus expansion method. Based on the foregoing description, the bus expansion of the first method results in the loss of asynchronous communication data such as UART. Therefore, the second method adds a single-chip microcomputer as the data buffer of the smart card between the controller and the smart card. When the controller does not communicate with it, if the smart card has data to send to the controller, the MCU connected to it will cache the data first, and then send the data to the controller when the controller communicates with the MCU. This solution solves the defect of data loss in the first solution. At the same time, since the microcontroller will have multiple UART interfaces, the number of expansions is improved compared to direct expansion.

As shown in Fig. 2, when the controller needs to communicate with a "designated smart card" connected to the smart card controller 1n, it will be gated through the route selection signal. This step is the same as the first method, and then the data will be sent to the "designated smart card". The single-chip microcomputer", the single-chip microcomputer initiates communication with the "designated smart card" after receiving the data. When the "designated smart card" returns data, the data will be received and cached by the "MCU". After that, it needs to be processed according to two different situations: a) When the controller is still communicating with the "MCU", it directly sends the data to the controller and clears the cache; b) The controller has been "disconnected" (a certain timeout is reached) time) connection with the "MCU", at this time the data is cached and uploaded until the next time the controller communicates with the "MCU" again.

However, the defects are as follows: 1) The circuit components are increased and the operation is complicated;

2) In general practical applications, a first-level switch is often added between the smart card controller and the controller bus, so as to try to increase the number of connected smart controllers, but this will further complicate the circuit, and the increase in components will not only lead to In addition to the increase in cost, it will also reduce the stability of the system;

3) The operation is complicated, and the waiting time for bus switching increases, resulting in a decrease in communication efficiency;

4) In practical applications, the carrying capacity of the bus is limited. Attaching too many slave devices to the bus will cause the bus timing establishment time to become longer and the waveform to deteriorate. Therefore, the communication rate must be reduced to ensure the communication quality.

In order to better solve the above-mentioned bus expansion scheme shown in Figure 2, several discrete digital logic units are used as switching devices for bus signals, resulting in a large number of overall equipment components, high cost and reduced stability; and too many discrete components are not conducive to printing. The miniaturized design of the circuit board; the excessive fan-out of the bus leads to the decrease of the communication rate and the increase of the bit error rate, etc.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a smart card management apparatus, and the smart card management apparatus may have a four-layer structure with a bus extension layer. The smart card management device in this embodiment may include: a controller at the first layer, multiple smart card control modules at the third layer, and multiple smart cards at the fourth layer; A bus expansion layer for communication between the smart card control module, and the bus expansion layer includes: a bus expansion module with a one-level structure or a bus expansion module with a multi-level structure connected in a cascade manner;

Each bus expansion module of the last stage in the bus expansion layer is connected to a first preset number of smart card control modules;

Each smart card control module is connected to a second preset number of smart cards;

Among them, all bus expansion modules of the same level structure are integrated on one programmable device, such as FPGA (FieldProgrammable Gate Array, Field Programmable Gate Array) or CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device, Complex Programmable Logic Device).

In this embodiment, the smart card management device is provided with a bus expansion layer, and the bus expansion layer can be connected to the bus expansion module in cascade, thereby realizing flexible expansion. In addition, all bus expansion modules of the same level structure are integrated on a programmable device of FPGA or CPLD, thereby realizing simple wiring, low cost, better signal quality and higher communication rate.

As shown in FIG. 3A, FIG. 3A shows an architecture diagram of a smart card management apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The smart card management apparatus in this embodiment may include: a controller at the first layer, and a controller at the second layer. The bus expansion module 31 and the bus expansion module 32, a plurality of intelligent control modules in the third layer, and a plurality of smart cards in the fourth layer;

The controller and each bus expansion module communicate through the USB communication protocol, and each bus expansion module and each smart card control module communicate through the USB communication protocol. The data communication between each intelligent control module and the smart card in this embodiment may be a data communication manner in the prior art, which is not improved in this embodiment.

In this embodiment, the bus expansion layer may include: a bus expansion module of a primary structure located on an FPGA, and there are multiple bus expansion modules in the primary structure, shown in FIG. 3A are the bus expansion module 31 and Bus expansion module 32 .

In FIG. 3A, the bus expansion module 31 is connected to multiple smart card control modules, such as the smart card control modules 41 and 42 shown in FIG. 3A, the bus expansion module 32 can also be connected to multiple smart card control modules, such as the smart card control modules 51, 52, etc. , this embodiment does not limit it.

It should be noted that the use of FPGA in the bus expansion modules 31 and 32 is only one of the practically selected devices. The main function of the bus expansion module is to connect the smart card control module and the controller for data forwarding and control. Usually, the smart card control module can be composed of a single-chip microcomputer chip plus peripheral components, and can be connected through its own Smart card, UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) interface or GPIO (General-purpose input/output, general-purpose type). Input/output) to realize the communication interaction with the smart card (ie SIM card), and manage the smart card.

In this embodiment, when the smart card control module is connected to the USB controller (ie, the bus expansion module) of the controller as a USB device, the controller acts as a USB host. Before the two parties start to communicate, the smart card control module also needs to configure itself, declare to the USB host what kind of device it is, and how to communicate in the subsequent communication process. These data information are preset when programming the smart card control module.

In addition to being mounted in the way of this solution, the FPGA can also be mounted in a cascaded manner, thereby realizing an exponential multiplication of the number of connected devices, as shown in Figure 3B.

It can be understood that, in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B, each bus control module is responsible for the communication between the controller and each smart card control module, similar to the switch function. FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B are only schematic illustrations, and the numbers are not limited.

In order to better understand the data transfer method of the smart card management device shown in FIG. 3A , a detailed description will be given below with reference to FIG. 4 .

When the controller needs to communicate with the smart card 11, its steps may include the following steps:

401. The controller receives a service request from an external terminal, where the service request carries a smart card identifier.

In this embodiment, the smart card identifier may be a smart card number. The smart card number in this embodiment can be a sequential number that is convenient for the management of the smart card management device, and can be configured according to actual needs. For example, one smart card control module is connected to 8 smart cards, and one smart card management device is connected to 100 smart card control modules through bus expansion. module, then a smart card management device manages 800 smart cards. At this time, each smart card can be numbered from 1 to 800. This embodiment does not limit the numbering method, which is configured according to actual needs.

402. The controller acquires, according to the smart card identifier, the identifiers of all bus expansion modules (eg, the bus expansion module 31 ) and the identifiers of the smart card control modules (eg, the smart card control module 41 ) associated with the smart card identifier.

In practical applications, the controller stores a table or mapping relationship of the identifiers of the smart card control modules and bus expansion modules associated with each smart card.

403. The controller serves the request and the identifiers of all bus expansion modules, and sends a control instruction to the bus expansion module to which the identifiers of the first-level bus expansion modules belong, so that the bus expansion module converts the controller data based on the identifiers of all bus expansion modules. The line is bridged to the smart card control module corresponding to the identification of the smart card control module.

That is to say, the controller sends a control command to the bus expansion module 31, and after receiving the control command, the bus expansion module 31 bridges the controller data line to the smart card control module 41, and the other smart card control modules are disconnected from the controller to Make sure that only one smart card control module is connected to the controller at any one time.

In this embodiment, the bus expansion module is a device of "hardware programming". Usually, HDL language is used to design it. Therefore, after the bus expansion module 31 receives the control command, it realizes the bridging transformation of the hardware, which is the data. line bridge.

404. The controller receives the ready response (ie, ready response) of the control command fed back by the bus expansion module at the last stage, and establishes a data connection with the smart card control module to implement smart card communication corresponding to the smart card identifier.

It should be noted that when the bus expansion layer is a multi-level cascade structure, in order to ensure that the bus expansion modules of all levels of the bus expansion layer are ready, the controller can receive the ready response from the last level of the bus expansion module. Establish a data connection with the smart card control module. In this embodiment, the last stage may be the stage directly connected with the smart card control module as the last stage bus expansion module.

Combined with the structure shown in FIG. 3A , the bus expansion module 31 sends a bus ready response to the bridged bus after completing the operation to inform the controller that the communication line is ready to transmit data, and switches to the listening state. At the same time, the bus expansion module 31 also feeds back a ready response to the smart card control module 41 .

Then the smart card control module 41 is connected with the controller, and the controller completes the corresponding configuration according to the data information provided by the smart card control module 41 (using the default communication endpoint 0 to configure the contents of the USB communication protocols such as read and write endpoints respectively); the controller transmits the data To the smart card control module 41 ; the smart card control module 41 finds the corresponding smart card 11 according to the received data information, and sends the data to the corresponding smart card 11 , thereby completing a data delivery. At this time, the data sent to the smart card 11 can be understood as the data received from the network port, the data requested by the application from the external terminal, such as the authentication and authentication request initiated by the mobile network to the SIM card.

When the controller needs to communicate with the smart card 22 according to the service request, it first sends a channel switching control signal, and the bus control module 31 in the listening state will immediately perform the switching work, and repeat the above process again. Understandably, the bus expansion module enters the listening state in order to listen for commands from the controller's switching channel (to switch to communicate with another smart card control module), which ultimately enables communication with other smart cards.

When the smart card performs operations (such as reading and writing to the smart card) and returns the result, when the data needs to be sent back to the controller:

1) The smart card control module 41 receives and stores data;

2) When the controller polls the smart card control module 41 again, it uploads the data to complete the communication process.

As shown in FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B, FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B respectively show the architecture diagram of a smart card management apparatus provided by another embodiment of the present invention. The smart card management apparatus in this embodiment may include: The controller, the bus expansion module on the second layer, the multiple intelligent control modules on the third layer, and the multiple smart cards on the fourth layer;

In this embodiment, the bus expansion module of the primary structure of FIG. 5A is presented/implemented as a virtual USB HUB (V-HUB for short), and several smart card control modules (such as 91, 92, 93) are connected under it, and provide Other configuration functions necessary. The bus expansion module of the first-level structure in FIG. 5B presents a virtual V-HUB to the controller, and the bus expansion module of the second-level structure also presents a virtual V-HUB to the controller. The expansion module can be connected to several smart card control modules, and can also be connected to the next-level bus expansion module by means of a USB interface.

It is particularly noted that each bus expansion module of each level is not a chip of a USB HUB, but a USB HUB realized by FPGA or CPLD.

In this embodiment, the bus expansion layer may include: a bus expansion module of a primary structure located on one FPGA, and there are multiple bus expansion modules in the primary structure.

For the convenience of understanding, the data transfer process of the structure shown in FIG. 5A will be described.

1) During the power-on process of the bus expansion module, the bus expansion module appears as a V-HUB to the controller after the voltage is stable, and the connected smart card control modules 91, 92 and 93 are connected to the HUB as devices, but during initialization Before the completion, the bus control module will not allow the smart card control modules 91, 92 and 93 to be connected for the time being. After completing the following initialization, it can be connected normally and communicate with the main controller.

The FPGA where the bus expansion module is located does not start to work until the power supply reaches a certain level.

There are three types of roles in the USB communication protocol topology: host (such as controller), device (such as smart card control module), and HUB. Generally, the device is directly connected to the host. When the USB interface is not enough, you can add a USB interface extender, and then you can plug multiple USB devices on it. The V-HUB here is similar to the above-mentioned components capable of extending the USB interface extender, as shown in FIG. 5B .

In addition, in other embodiments, the bus expansion module at each level can implement one USB HOST or multiple USB HOSTs. FIG. 5B is only a schematic diagram of an expansion, which is not limited in this embodiment. The requirement of interface expansion is to carry out the expansion of USB.

2) The controller initializes the bus expansion module so that the smart card control modules 91, 92 and 93 are connected;

3) The controller initializes each smart card control module 91, 92 and 93, records its communication endpoint (the communication endpoint in the USB communication protocol), and marks the serial numbers of the smart card control modules 91, 92 and 93 (for subsequent communication with the smart card) index of).

USB communication is based on endpoints to achieve interactive access. A device can have multiple communication endpoints, which can be used for different operations. Since in HUB mode, all devices are visible at the same time from the host's perspective, in order to avoid communication conflicts, these devices need to be numbered in a certain order to prepare for the subsequent addressing of the smart card.

The serial number of the smart card is sequenced according to the different pins it is connected to the smart card control module.

The serial number of the smart card control module will be recorded in the controller, that is, the main controller.

4) The controller repeats steps 2) to 3) until all smart card control modules are initialized.

The above completes the bus initialization process. When the controller needs to communicate with the smart card, it can find the communication endpoint of the smart card control module through the previously recorded index information, and then send the data (each data of the external terminal) to the smart card control module. The exchange of information can be realized by sending the data to the corresponding smart card.

After completing the initialization process, all smart card control modules are visible at the same time from the controller's perspective. V-HUB is similar to a USB interface expander, which can expand many USB interfaces. The smart card control module is connected to these on the extended USB port. When the controller wants to communicate with a certain smart card control module, it only needs to send data to the corresponding communication endpoint to realize communication.

When the smart card has performed the operation and returned the result, it needs to pass the data back to the controller:

1) The smart card control module receives and stores data;

2) When the controller polls (even in interrupt transmission mode, essentially USB is polling) to the smart card control module, it uploads the data to complete the communication process. Since the interrupt transmission method can be used in this way, the response will be fast.

The above-mentioned smart card management device shown in FIGS. 3A to 5B can solve the need to use a large number of discrete multiplexers, serial-to-parallel conversion and other digital chips in the prior art, so that the printed circuit board needs a lot of space for placing these components, thus This makes it difficult to miniaturize the equipment, and also brings problems such as difficult wiring, poor stability, and high cost.

In this embodiment, this function can be easily realized by means of an FPGA or a CPLD, so the miniaturization, low cost, and low power consumption of the device can be realized.

In addition, in FIG. 5A , each bus expansion module of each stage may be implemented using a separate FPGA, or all bus expansion modules of each stage may be implemented using a separate FPGA.

It should be noted that, in any of the above embodiments, the protocol between the bus extension layer, the upper layer and the lower layer may be the same (for example, a USB communication protocol), or may be different. The communication protocols of the bus extension layer and the upper layer (that is, the first layer where the controller is located) and the lower layer (that is, the third layer where the smart card control module is located) shown in FIG. 3A to FIG. 5B are all the same protocol. Examples, in practical applications, can be selected according to requirements, and are not limited. The communication protocol between the controller in the smart card management device and the first-level bus expansion module in the bus expansion layer may be: UART protocol, IIC protocol, SPI protocol, USB communication protocol, CAN bus protocol or Ethernet protocol. The communication protocol between the last bus expansion module in the bus expansion layer and the smart card control module connected to the bus expansion module can also be UART protocol, IIC protocol, SPI protocol, USB communication protocol, CAN bus protocol and Ethernet protocol, etc. one of the protocols.

Comparing any of the above-mentioned smart card management devices with the prior art, the prior art can increase the number of mounted slave devices to a certain extent by adding a driver on the SPI bus of the controller, but the effect is not good in practical application. The main reason is: On the one hand, the load capacity of the driver is also limited. In the actual test, when the number of slave devices reaches 6, the signal attenuation becomes very serious. The theoretical bus rate of 18Mbps can only reach about 2Mbps in the actual test, and the error is incorrect. The code rate is very high; on the other hand, adding a driver to the bus will delay the signal on the bus, and poor wiring will also cause abnormal clock synchronization and signal distortion, so that the controller and the slave device cannot communicate normally.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the USB bus is used for data transmission. Since USB adopts differential signal transmission, its anti-interference ability is much higher than that of ordinary level signals, and the theoretical speed of USB2.0 can reach 480Mbps, while that of USB3.0 It can reach an astonishing 5Gbps, so the transmission rate is much higher than existing solutions.

In addition, the number of slave devices mounted and the transmission speed of the existing expansion method are contradictory, that is, if more slave devices are attached, the communication rate cannot be guaranteed, and if the communication rate is guaranteed, too many slave devices cannot be attached. Therefore, in practical applications, to balance the relationship between the two, the number of cards that can generally be managed in current applications is relatively small.

In this embodiment, only in the HUB mode, 127 bus expansion modules can be attached to the USB host of one controller, and several USB hosts can be implemented on one bus expansion module. Assuming that only one USB host is implemented, 127 smart card control modules can be connected to it. If one smart card control module controls 8 smart cards, one USB port of the controller can manage 129032 (127*127*8) smart cards, and such an amazing scale can meet almost all application scenarios. And if the bus expansion module is designed in cascade mode, the number can be increased exponentially.

According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention further provide a smart card system, including a business service module, an external terminal, and any of the above-mentioned smart card management devices, the smart card management device interacting with the business service module, and also Interact with external terminals.

It should be noted that FPGA is an integration of digital gate circuits, and there are a large number of these basic gate circuits in FPGA. Various logic functions can be realized by designing FPGA. In this embodiment, only one FPGA chip is needed to realize the functions of the above-mentioned bus expansion modules at all levels, and there are fewer external components, which can effectively simplify the circuit board wiring, reduce the probability of failure, and improve the reliability and practicability of the smart card management device. , effectively reducing the cost.

Those of ordinary skill in the art can realize that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality using different methods for each particular application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of the present invention.

Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process of the above-described systems, devices and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that unless there is a clear sequence between steps in the method embodiments, the execution sequence can be adjusted arbitrarily. The disclosed apparatus and method can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are only illustrative. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not implemented. On the other hand, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.

The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution in this embodiment.

In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically alone, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

The functions, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are essentially, or the parts that make contributions to the prior art or the parts of the technical solutions can be embodied in the form of software products, and the computer software products are stored in a storage medium , including several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention.

It should be noted that, herein, the terms "comprising", "comprising" or any other variation thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, It also includes other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such a process, method, article or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element qualified by the phrase "comprising a..." does not preclude the presence of additional identical elements in a process, method, article or apparatus that includes the element.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that although some of the embodiments described herein include certain features, but not others, included in other embodiments, that combinations of features of the different embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the present invention And form different embodiments.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, various modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope of the appended claims within the limits of the requirements.

Claims (10)

1. a smart card management device, characterized in that, the smart card management device is a four-layer structure with a bus extension layer; The smart card management device includes: a controller in the first layer, a plurality of smart card control modules in the third layer, and a plurality of smart cards in the fourth layer; The second layer is a bus expansion layer used to realize the communication between the controller and each smart card control module, and the bus expansion layer includes: a bus expansion module with a one-level structure or a bus expansion module with a multi-level structure connected in a cascade manner module; Each bus expansion module of the last stage in the bus expansion layer is connected to a first preset number of smart card control modules; Each smart card control module is connected to a second preset number of smart cards; Among them, some/all bus expansion modules of the same level structure are integrated on a programmable device. 2. The smart card management device according to claim 1, wherein: The communication protocol between the controller and the first-level bus expansion module in the second layer is one of the following protocols: UART protocol, IIC protocol, SPI protocol, USB communication protocol, CAN bus protocol and Ethernet protocol; The communication protocol between the bus expansion module of the last level in the second layer and the smart card control module connected to the bus expansion module is one of the following protocols: UART protocol, IIC protocol, SPI protocol, USB communication protocol, CAN bus protocol and Ethernet protocol. 3. The smart card management device according to claim 1, wherein: The communication protocols used between the modules of the first layer, the second layer and the third layer are the same; And/or, the communication protocol used between the modules of the first layer, the second layer and the third layer is the USB communication protocol; And/or, the communication protocol used by the bus extension layer is different from that used by the upper layer and the lower layer; And/or, in the bus expansion layer, all bus expansion modules of the same level structure are integrated on one FPGA or CPLD. 4. The smart card management device according to claim 1, wherein: The bus expansion layer includes a bus expansion module of a primary structure, and each bus expansion module of the primary structure is a virtual USB HUB; and / or, Described bus expansion layer comprises the bus expansion module of multi-level structure, and each bus expansion module of each level structure is a virtual USB HUB; Each USB HUB in each level of structure is connected to a plurality of smart card control modules, and is also connected to the bus expansion module of the next level. 5. The smart card management device according to claim 4, wherein: The bus expansion layer includes bus expansion modules of multi-level structure, and each bus expansion module of each level is realized by an FPGA/CPLD. 6. A smart card system, comprising a business service module and an external terminal, and further comprising the smart card management device described in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the smart card management device interacts with the business service module and also communicates with an external terminal. Terminal interaction. 7. A data transfer method based on the smart card management device according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, comprising: The controller receives a service request from an external terminal, where the service request carries a smart card identifier; The controller obtains, according to the smart card identifier, the identifiers of all bus expansion modules associated with the smart card identifier and the identifiers of the smart card control module; The controller serves the request and the identification of all bus expansion modules, and sends a control command to the bus expansion module to which the identification of the first-level bus expansion module belongs, so that the bus expansion module bridges the controller data lines based on the identification of all bus expansion modules. to the smart card control module corresponding to the identity of the smart card control module; The controller establishes a data connection with the smart card control module to realize the communication with the smart card corresponding to the smart card identifier when receiving the preparation response of the control command fed back by the bus extension module at the last level in the bus extension layer. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, after the last stage bus expansion module feeds back the ready response, it switches to the listening state of listening to the controller sending control commands, to switch the communication of other smart cards . 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the controller establishes a data connection with the smart card control module, comprising: The controller performs corresponding configuration according to the data information provided by the smart card control module. 10. The method according to claim 7, wherein when the bus expansion module is a virtual USB HUB, The controller initializes each bus expansion module of each level in the bus expansion layer, so that each smart card control module in each bus expansion module is connected, and records the communication endpoint of each smart card control module; Correspondingly, after receiving the service request from the external terminal, the controller searches for the communication endpoint of the smart card control module according to the pre-recorded index information including the communication endpoint, and establishes a data connection with the smart card control module to realize the smart card communication corresponding to the smart card identifier.

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