CN111942148A - Electric vehicle automatic drive - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic gear driver for an electric vehicle, which comprises a motor, a controller, a casing, a forward gear shift system, a reverse gear system, a maintenance device and a differential gear. It is characterized in that: the reverse gear system includes a reverse gear clutch that cooperates with an electromagnet device, and the differential also includes a large buffer gear; the electromagnet of the electromagnet device is assembled in the middle of the seat frame, the lower part of the iron core is fixed with the connecting plate, and the connecting plate is connected to the sliding plate. The column is fixed, the sliding column is assembled in the sliding sleeve of the seat frame, the return pressure spring is installed between the sliding sleeve and the connecting plate, and a stop is fixed on the upper end of the sliding column, and the stop is in contact with the claw of the friction clamp spring when reversing. ; The buffer large gear includes outer wheel, inner wheel, rubber block, splint, and the outer circle of the outer wheel is the transmission meshing teeth. The automatic gear driver of the electric vehicle of the present invention is assembled on the rear axle, which can increase the cruising range and prolong the service life of the electric vehicle.

Description

Electric vehicle automatic drive

technical field

The invention relates to an automatic gear shifting device for an electric vehicle, in particular to an automatic gear driver for an electric vehicle mounted on a rear axle, which is a power part for driving the rear axle, and belongs to the technical field of mechanical transmission.

Background technique

At present, electric vehicles on the market are generally not equipped with automatic gear drives, which have low torque and large current. Whether it is climbing, speeding up, or loading, it is achieved by multiplying the current, especially in mountainous and hilly areas. It consumes a lot of electricity and greatly reduces the mileage. The battery life is short, and it is easy to burn out the motor and controller. The existing manual gear shift is also very inconvenient, and the vehicle needs to be parked before operating the gear shift, resulting in low transportation efficiency.

In the prior art, the electric vehicle automatic shifting driver disclosed in the Chinese invention patent application (application number: 201510818747.2), the electric vehicle reversing device disclosed in the Chinese invention patent application (application number: 201510818746.8), and the Chinese invention patent application (application number: 201510300340.0) ) discloses an intermediate shaft system of an automatic shift reducer for electric vehicles. The products developed by its technology have a very serious problem of shifting impact; and the reverse shift fork guide of its reverse gear is provided with a reversing ring that cooperates with its helical teeth, and the outer concave ring groove of the reversing ring is provided with a reversing ring. The matched friction clamp spring is provided with a U-shaped limit card plate matched with the friction clamp spring in the driver housing. The frictional power loss of the friction clamp spring reaches about 100 watts. When the vehicle is moving forward, the friction clamp spring is always in a friction state, resulting in a waste of electric energy. energy-saving and high-efficiency requirements.

The above prior art cannot solve the practical problems of comfortable and reliable driving of the electric vehicle drive axle and high efficiency of the transmission machinery in the actual loading and application. The electric vehicle automatic transmission driver is designed to solve the above problems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of serious shift impact and low transmission efficiency in the application of the current electric vehicle automatic gear driver technology in the application of the drive axle. A transmission buffer device is added to solve the impact problem of shifting gears; an electromagnet device or a pawl device is added to solve the problem of excessive frictional power loss of the friction spring; the invention provides a drive axle to improve the mechanical efficiency of the vehicle and Smooth-shifting and comfortable electric vehicle automatic drive.

The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

An automatic gear driver for an electric vehicle, comprising a motor, a controller, a casing, a forward gear system, a reverse gear system, a maintenance device, and a differential; the reverse gear system includes a reverse gear clutch and a pawl device matching or a reverse gear clutch In cooperation with the electromagnet device, the differential also includes a large buffer gear.

In the case of the ratchet device, when the central shaft end on the side of the assembling motor rotates clockwise to make the vehicle move forward, the windward surface of the clockwise rotation of the pawl of the friction spring is an inclined surface or an arc-shaped surface, and the ratchet is equipped with a rubber pad. The working surface of the claws can be in contact with the windward surface of the convex pawls. The pawls are provided with through holes and the enlarged conical heads of the rubber pads are inlaid and assembled. The pawls are crank-shaped. The two lugs provided on the seat frame are movably connected. The lugs are located on the left side of the upper part of the seat frame. The upper end face of the seat frame is in contact with the lower end face of the right raised claw of the pawl. The spiral circle of the torsion spring is sleeved on the pin shaft. The upper hook is pressed on the left side of the swinging part of the pawl, and the lower end of the torsion spring is pressed on the left side of the lower part of the seat frame. The seat frame is provided with a plurality of through holes for fixing bolts. When the axle rotates counterclockwise in the reverse direction, the windward surface of the convex claw of the friction clamp spring is a plane when it rotates counterclockwise, and the working surface on the left side of the pawl can be in contact with the plane of the convex claw, and the pawl prevents the friction clamp spring from rotating counterclockwise. The action of the helical teeth enables the reverse gear to engage in reverse drive.

The electromagnet device is in the axially assembled state of the central shaft with the differential facing upward, and the left end of the seat frame under the central shaft is provided with a mounting plate, and the mounting plate is provided with a plurality of bolt holes and the left half of the casing is bolted. Fixed, the axis line of the bolt hole is parallel to the axis line of the central axis, the electromagnet is assembled and fixed in the middle of the seat frame, the lower part of the iron core of the electromagnet is fixed with the left side of the connecting plate, the right side of the connecting plate is fixed with the lower end of the sliding column, and the sliding The column is slidably assembled in the sliding sleeve set on the right side of the seat frame. A return compression spring is installed between the lower end face of the sliding sleeve and the upper end surface of the connecting plate. A stop is fixed at the upper end of the sliding column. The contact of the claw prevents the friction clamp from rotating, the coil of the electromagnet is electrically connected to the button switch of the reversing control, the button switch is in the reversing state, the circuit of the electromagnet coil is closed, and the block prevents the rotation of the friction clamp spring when reversing. Gear engagement enables reverse drive. When the button switch is in the forward state, the electromagnet coil circuit is disconnected, the return compression spring forces the spool and the stopper to move down to the initial state, the stopper and the protruding claws of the friction clamp spring cannot be contacted, and the friction clamp spring follows a The gear driven gear rotates, and the friction spring has no power consumption when the electric vehicle moves forward.

Or the sliding sleeve is arranged on the upper part of the electromagnet, the upper end of the sliding column assembled by the sliding sleeve is provided with a stopper, the lower end of the sliding column is assembled and fixed with the iron core of the electromagnet, and the sliding column is made of stainless steel.

The reverse clutch is provided with an outer helical sleeve at the left end of the first-speed driven gear, the outer helical sleeve is equipped with a reversing ring matched with its helical teeth, and the outer concave ring groove of the reversing ring is equipped with a friction clamping spring, The left half shell of the casing is installed with a pawl device or an electromagnet device that cooperates with the friction spring. The cog is a one-way face tooth, the right-end cog ring and the outer convex cog can be matched and meshed, the outer convex cog is fixed on the central shaft, the left end of the central shaft is machined with a pinion, and the outer convex teeth The upper circumference of the outer circle of the cog ring is evenly distributed with six teeth cogs in the shape of external splines. upper; between the left half shell and the right half shell of the casing, there is a large buffer gear that meshes with the pinion on the central shaft, and the large buffer gear is assembled on the differential.

The buffer large gear includes an outer wheel, an inner wheel, a rubber block, and a splint. It is assembled with the outer convex claw, and a rubber block is assembled between each inner convex claw and the outer convex claw. There are plywoods at both ends of the outer wheel and the inner wheel. The two plywood are assembled and fixed with the inner wheel, and the two plywood The outer wheel is assembled in a sliding fit, and the two splints are respectively fixed on the outer circle of the left differential housing and the differential right housing or are integrally formed, or the two splints are annular and assembled on the left differential housing respectively. On the annular step surface of the opposite end face of the differential case and the differential right case, the differential left case, the differential right case and the inner wheel are assembled and fixed by bolts, and the inner circle of the inner wheel is arranged with small assembly shafts The two large gaps and six or eight small gaps through the bolt, the small shaft passes through the two bevel gears, and the two bevel gears mesh with the two side gears at the same time.

The left half shell and the right half shell of the casing are respectively assembled with the central axle and the differential through bearings, and the left half shell and the right half shell are assembled and fixed as a whole through bolts.

The forward gear system is an existing application technology. The shaft gear processed on the motor shaft or power shaft is a first-speed driving gear, the right end of the motor shaft or power shaft is assembled with a second-speed driving gear through splines, and the left end of the power shaft is equipped with a second-speed driving gear. The external spline is then assembled with the motor, and the casing is equipped with a first-speed driven gear meshing with the first-speed driving gear, a second-speed driven gear meshing with the second-speed driving gear, a first-speed driven gear and a second-speed driven gear. Assembled on the middle shaft, the left end of the second-speed driven gear is provided with end face teeth, the middle shaft is fitted with a right-end tooth cog ring that cooperates with the second-speed driven gear through a spline axial sliding fit, and the right end tooth cog ring The right end is evenly arranged with six tooth claw teeth; the right end of the first-speed driven gear is equipped with a pawl clutch, a retaining ring is installed on the right end of the pawl clutch, and a return spring is arranged between the retaining ring and the right end tooth claw ring, The return spring is sleeved on the central shaft, and the second-speed driven gear is provided with four through holes to assemble four ejector rods. The left end face of the annular ring of the electromagnet pusher in the right half shell is in contact. The electromagnet pusher is composed of two electromagnets. The two electromagnets are symmetrically assembled on both sides of the right end of the central axis and fixed on the right side. On the half shell, the left end face of the push rod fixed by the electromagnet iron core is in contact with the right end face of the annular ring. The iron core is in the shape of a round tube or a thin tube and a combination of silicon steel sheets. The electromagnet pushes the torus at the same time.

The maintenance device is equipped with push rod bolts outside the right end of the electromagnet core of the electromagnet pushing device. When the electromagnet has no power supply or the voltage in the circuit is abnormal, the two push rod bolts of the maintenance device can be moved to the right side. The direction in the casing is tightened so that the claw clutch is in a disengaged state for easy reversing. There is a concave cavity and a through hole outside the electromagnet assembly part of the right half shell. The rubber ring is assembled in the concave cavity through a circular gasket, and the circular gasket is assembled in the concave cavity of the mounting plate. There is a screw hole in the middle position, the big head screw part of the push rod bolt is matched with the screw hole, the small diameter part of the push rod bolt on the left side of the cylindrical push rod passes through the ring gasket, the rubber ring, the right half shell through hole, and the left end of the push rod is connected with the iron The right end of the core is contacted and positioned. The right end of the push rod bolt is provided with an enlarged round handle for manual adjustment. The enlarged round handle also has a small through hole for threading and locking to prevent the push rod bolt from rotating freely. The mounting plate also has two through holes to pass the bolts. Attached to the right half of the shell. In order to facilitate the operation with a long handle wrench, the enlarged round handle at the right end of the push rod bolt can also be provided with an outer hexagonal or inner hexagonal cavity.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the electric vehicle automatic gear driver of the present invention are:

1. The differential gear is equipped with a large buffer gear, so that the transmission shock of the electric vehicle automatic gear driver of the present invention is buffered when shifting and starting, which increases the service life of each component and improves the driving comfort of the vehicle.

2. An electromagnet device is installed in the reverse gear system, so that when the electric vehicle automatic gear driver of the present invention is moving forward, the friction spring has no power loss, which improves the mechanical efficiency of the transmission, and can increase the continuation mileage of the vehicle. Extend the life of batteries, motors and controllers.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an automatic transmission driver for an electric vehicle according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a buffer large gear in the differential in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the left housing of the differential in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the outer wheel of the buffer large gear in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the inner wheel of the buffer large gear in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a reverse clutch and an electromagnet device of an automatic gear drive for an electric vehicle according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the end direction structure of the friction clamping spring and the pawl device in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the protruding claw and the inclined surface clip in FIG. 7 .

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the electromagnet pushing device and the maintenance device in FIG. 1 .

In the picture: 1, motor, 2, torsion spring, 3, motor shaft, 4, first gear driving gear, 5, second gear driving gear, 6, first gear driven gear, 7, second gear driven gear, 8, middle Shaft, 9, pinion, 10, return spring, 11, bearing, 12, pawl clutch, 13, claw clutch, 14, annular ring, 15, right end claw ring, 16, ejector rod, 17, Pawl device, 18, Differential right housing, 19, Friction spring, 20, Reverse clutch, 21, Bevel gear, 22, Side gear, 23, Differential left housing, 24, Left half housing, 25 , large buffer gear, 26, differential, 27, locking bolt, 28, small shaft, 29, right half shell, 30, electromagnet pushing device, 31, maintenance device, 32, inner wheel, 33, convex Claw, 34, Large notch, 35, Outer wheel, 36, Inner convex claw, 37, Rubber block, 38, Screw hole, 39, Splint, 40, Right end tooth cog ring, 41, Outer convex tooth cog ring, 42, Separation spring, 43, sliding sleeve, 44, electromagnet device, 45, coil, 46, seat frame, 47, reversing ring, 48, connecting plate, 49, return spring, 50, sliding column, 51, stopper, 52, steel wire clamp spring, 53, lug, 54, mounting hole, 55, opening, 56, bevel clip, 57, small opening, 58, pawl, 59, rubber pad, 60, pin, 61, lug , 62, positioning claw, 63, seat frame, 64, bolt hole, 65, iron core, 66, compression spring, 67, ring rubber pad, 68, coil, 69, push rod bolt, 70, sliding rod, 71, Platen, 72, Rubber ring, 73, Ring pad, 74, Mounting plate, 75, Bolt.

Detailed ways

The specific content of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an automatic transmission driver for an electric vehicle of the present invention, including a motor 1. The casing, the forward gear system, the reverse gear system, the maintenance device 31 , and the differential gear 26 ; The reverse gear system is operated by the pawl device 17. When the side of the motor 1 is assembled with the end of the central shaft 8 rotating clockwise as the vehicle moves forward, the windward surface of the clockwise rotation of the pawl 53 of the friction spring 19 is arc-shaped The working surface of the ratchet pawl 58 assembled with the rubber pad 59 can be in contact with the windward surface of the convex pawl. The lower part of the corner is provided with a shaft hole, which is movably connected with the two lugs 61 provided on the seat frame 63 through the pin shaft 60. The lug is arranged on the left side of the upper part of the seat frame. The lower end surface of the positioning pawl 62 of the pawl is in contact with the positioning, the spiral circle of the torsion spring 2 is sleeved on the pin shaft, the upper hook of the torsion spring is pressed on the left side of the swinging part of the pawl 58, and the lower end of the torsion spring 2 is pressed in the middle of the seat frame 63 On the left side, the seat frame is provided with three bolt holes 64 which are convenient for bolts to be installed and fixed. The axis line of the through hole is parallel to the axis line of the central axle. When the reverse center axle rotates counterclockwise, the protruding claw 53 of the friction spring 19 is counterclockwise. The windward surface during rotation is a plane, the upper left working surface of the pawl can contact the plane of the convex pawl, the pawl prevents the friction spring from rotating counterclockwise, and the reverse gear meshes to achieve reverse driving due to the action of the helical teeth. In order to prolong the service life of the rubber pad, two small openings 55 are arranged on the protruding claw 53 of the friction clip spring 19 to install a bevel clip 56, the bevel clip is provided with two small openings 57, and the two small openings 57 on the bevel clip 56 The small openings 57 are snap-fitted along the two small openings 55 on the protruding claw 53 , and the friction clamp spring is further provided with two mounting holes 54 .

The reverse gear system can also be operated by the electromagnet device 44. In the axially assembled state of the central shaft 8 with the differential 26 facing upward, the left end of the seat frame 46 under the central shaft is provided with a mounting plate, and the mounting plate is provided with two bolt holes and The left half shell 24 of the casing is installed and fixed by bolts, the axis line of the bolt hole is parallel to the axis line of the central shaft, the electromagnet 45 is assembled and fixed in the middle of the seat frame, and the lower part of the iron core of the electromagnet is fixed with the left side of the connecting plate 48 , the right side of the connecting plate is fixed with the lower end of the sliding column 50, the sliding column is slidably fitted in the sliding sleeve 43 set on the right side of the seat frame, a return spring 49 is installed between the lower end surface of the sliding sleeve and the upper end surface of the connecting plate, and the upper end of the sliding column is fixed with a Block 51, the block is in contact with the claw of the wire clamp spring 52 when reversing, the coil of the electromagnet 45 is electrically connected to the button switch of the reversing control, the button switch is in the reversing state, the electromagnet coil circuit is closed, and the block is in reverse. 51 prevents the wire clamp spring 52 from rotating, and the reverse gear engages to realize reverse driving due to the action of the helical teeth. When the push button switch is in the forward state, the electromagnet coil circuit is disconnected, the return compression spring forces the spool and the stopper to move down, the stopper cannot contact the claw of the wire clamp spring, and the wire clamp spring follows the reversing ring 47 When the first-speed driven gear 6 rotates, the wire clamp spring 52 has no power consumption when the electric vehicle moves forward.

The reverse gear system also includes a reverse gear clutch 20. The left end of the first-speed driven gear 6 is provided with an outer helical sleeve. The outer helical sleeve is equipped with a reversing ring 47 matched with its helical teeth. The outer concave ring groove of the reversing ring A wire clamp spring 52 is assembled, the left half shell 24 of the casing is equipped with an electromagnet device 44 that cooperates with the wire clamp spring, and the center shaft 8 is fitted with a right-end tooth cog ring 40 through an external spline axial sliding fit. The left end of the outer circle of the cog ring is provided with three cogs, the three cogs are one-way face teeth, the right end cog ring 40 is matched with the outer convex cog ring 41 and can be meshed. It is fixed on the central shaft, and the left end of the central shaft is machined with a shaft gear that meshes with the differential buffer large gear, that is, a pinion 9, and six tooth cogs are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the outer convex tooth ring. A separation spring 42 is assembled between the right end tooth claw ring and the outer convex tooth claw ring, and the separation spring is sleeved on the central shaft; between the left half shell 24 and the right half shell 29 of the casing is assembled with the pinion 9 The meshing buffer bull gear 25 is assembled on the differential gear 26 .

The buffer large gear 25 includes an outer wheel 35, an inner wheel 32, a rubber block 37, and a splint 39. The outer circle of the outer wheel is a transmission meshing tooth, the inner circle of the outer wheel is arranged with six inner claws 36, and the outer circumference of the inner wheel is arranged with six There are two outer claws 33, the inner claws and the outer claws are assembled alternately, a polyurethane rubber block 37 is assembled between each of the inner claws and the outer claws, and the two end faces where the outer wheel and the inner wheel are matched are respectively provided with The splint, the two splints are assembled and fixed with the inner wheel, the two splints are assembled with the outer wheel in a sliding fit, and the two splints are respectively fixed on the outer circle of the left differential housing 23 and the differential right housing 18, and the differential left housing The right end of the body 23 is provided with six screw holes 38 in a circumferential arrangement, and the outer circle of the right end of the left differential case 23 is a splint 39. The left case of the differential, the right case of the differential and the inner wheel pass through the locking bolt 27. The assembly is fixed, the inner circumference of the inner wheel 32 is arranged with two notches 34 for assembling the small shaft 28 and six small notches passing through the locking bolt 27, the small shaft 28 passes through the two bevel gears 21, and the two bevel gears simultaneously Meshes with the two side gears 22 .

The automatic gear drive of the electric vehicle is equipped with a forward gear system, which is already an existing application technology. The shaft gear processed on the motor shaft 3 is a first-speed driving gear 4, and the right end of the motor shaft is assembled with a second-speed driving gear 5 through a spline. There is a first-speed driven gear 6 meshing with the first-speed driving gear and a second-speed driven gear 7 meshing with the second-speed driving gear. The first-speed driven gear and the second-speed driven gear are assembled on the central shaft 8. The left end of the gear driven gear 7 is provided with six teeth cogs, the middle shaft 8 is fitted with a right end cog ring 15 which cooperates with the second gear driven gear through the axial sliding fit of the spline, and the right end of the right end cog ring is arranged in a circle. Six teeth are evenly arranged; the right end of the first-speed driven gear 6 is equipped with a pawl clutch 12, a retaining ring is assembled at the right end of the pawl clutch, and a return spring 10 is assembled between the retaining ring and the right end tooth claw ring 15 , the return spring is sleeved on the central shaft, the second-speed driven gear 7 is provided with four through holes to assemble four ejector rods, the left end of the ejector rod 16 is in contact with the right end of the outer circle of the right tooth cog ring 15, and the right end of the ejector rod 16 In contact with the left end face of the annular ring 14, the annular ring is slidingly fitted on the central axis, and the push rod of the electromagnet pushing device 30 assembled in the right half shell 29 of the casing is in contact with the annular ring 14, and the electromagnet pushes The device is composed of two electromagnets. The two electromagnets are symmetrically assembled on both sides of the right end of the central shaft 8 and fixed on the right half shell. The electromagnet core 65 is assembled with the left end face of the fixed push rod 70 and the annular ring. The right end face is in contact, and the two electromagnets push the annular ring at the same time. The coil of the electromagnet is embedded in the cavity of the right half shell and is assembled and fixed by the pressure plate 71. A pressure spring 66 is assembled between the pressure plate and the iron core 65. In the right half-shell, the right end of the electromagnet coil 68 is fitted with a circular rubber pad 67 .

A maintenance device 31 is also installed on the right side of the electromagnet pushing device 30, and a push rod bolt 69 is assembled outside the right end of the electromagnet core 65 of the electromagnet pushing device. In the case of no power supply to the electromagnet or abnormal voltage in the circuit Then, the two push rod bolts of the maintenance device can be tightened in the direction of the casing, so that the claw clutch 13 is in a disengaged state, so as to facilitate reversing. A concave cavity and a through hole are provided outside the electromagnet assembly part of the right half-shell 29. The rubber ring 72 is assembled in the concave cavity through a circular gasket 73, and the circular gasket is assembled in the concave cavity of the mounting plate 74. The mounting plate There is a screw hole in the middle of the concave cavity, the big head screw part of the push rod bolt 69 is matched with the screw hole, the small diameter part of the push rod bolt on the left side of the cylindrical push rod passes through the ring pad 73, the rubber ring 72, the right half shell 29 The left end of the push rod is positioned in contact with the right end of the iron core 65. The right end of the push rod bolt 69 is provided with an enlarged round handle for manual adjustment. There are also two through holes fixed on the right half shell by bolts, and the connecting line of the two through holes and the connecting line of the two screw holes are arranged vertically.

The shifting principle and operation process of the electric vehicle automatic gear driver of the present invention are as follows:

When the vehicle needs to move forward and start at a low speed, turn on the power switch of the vehicle, the electromagnet pushing device 30 starts to work, the iron core 65 of the electromagnet pushing device pushes the push rod 70, the push rod pushes the circular ring 14, and the circular ring pushes the four The ejector rod 16, the four ejector rods push the right end claw ring 15 to separate the claw clutch 13, the second-speed driven gear 7 and the central shaft 8 are in a sliding state, and when the motor shaft 3 of the motor 1 rotates, the second-speed driven gear 7 is in a passive idling state, the controller controls the motor 1 to start to rotate counterclockwise, the first-speed driving gear 4 on the motor shaft drives the first-speed driven gear 6 to rotate, and the pawl clutch 12 assembled with the first-speed driven gear drives the coaxial clutch 12. The pinion 9 rotates, the pinion 9 drives the large buffer gear 25, the large buffer gear drives the differential 26, and the differential drives the rear axle hub, so that the vehicle starts and runs in the low gear. When the vehicle needs to travel at a high speed, the vehicle travels at a speed of more than 9 kilometers per hour, and the current reaches 20A, the controller controls to disconnect the power supply of the electromagnet pushing device 30, and the ejector rod 16 and the right-end tooth cog ring 15 are in the back and forth. Under the action of the position spring 10, it is pushed back to its original position, so that the right end claw ring is combined with the second-speed driven gear 7, the claw clutch 13 is combined for transmission, and the second-speed driving gear 5 on the motor shaft 3 forces the second-speed driven gear. 7. High-speed operation, at this time, the pawl clutch 12 in the first-speed driven gear 6 is in an overrunning idle state, and the vehicle enters high-speed running. If the vehicle needs to decelerate during high-speed driving, when the speed is reduced to below 9 kilometers per hour and the current is reduced to 3A, the electromagnet pushing device 30 starts to work and switches to the working state of the low-speed state. Drive at low speed.

When the vehicle is in a stopped state and needs to be reversed, switch the switch to the reverse position, and the controller controls the motor shaft 3 of the motor 1 to rotate clockwise. At this time, the electromagnet pusher 30 starts to work, and the iron core of the electromagnet pusher 65 stretches out and pushes the ejector rod 16 out, the ejector rod 16 pushes the driven claw ring gear 15 to separate the claw clutch 13, the first-speed driving gear 4 on the motor shaft 3 drives the first-speed driven gear 6 to rotate in reverse, and the first-speed driven gear 6 rotates in the opposite direction. The pawl clutch 12 assembled with the gear driven gear 6 separates and runs idle, the outer helical sleeve at the left end of the first gear driven gear 6 rotates in the opposite direction, and the reversing ring 47 assembled on the outer helical sleeve rotates along with it and is clamped outside the reversing ring. Under the action of the pawl mechanism 17, the friction spring 19 on the groove of the concave ring rotates out the reversing ring 47 and pushes the left-end tooth claw ring 40 to move outwardly of the convex tooth claw ring 41, thereby making the reverse clutch 20 engage, and the outer The convex tooth cog ring drives the central axle 8 and the differential 26 to drive to realize the reverse gear drive, thereby realizing the function of reversing.

When reversing the vehicle, turn the switch to the forward position, the first-speed driven gear 6 returns to rotate clockwise, the release spring 42 in the reverse clutch 20 pushes the left-end tooth claw ring 40 back, and the left-end tooth The cog ring pushes the reversing ring to rotate until it touches the end face of the first gear driven gear 6, and the reverse clutch 20 is disengaged, so that the vehicle exits the reverse gear state, and the vehicle can be operated to start forward. The above operations are convenient to recycle the vehicle and meet the needs of use.

Although the present invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, and the above-mentioned specific embodiments are only illustrative rather than restrictive, and those of ordinary skill in the art will be inspired by the present invention. There are also many variations that can be made. These all belong to the protection list of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. An automatic gear driver of an electric vehicle comprises a motor, a controller, a shell, a forward gear system, a reverse gear system, an overhauling device and a differential mechanism;

the method is characterized in that: the reverse gear system comprises a reverse gear clutch and a pawl device which are matched or the reverse gear clutch and an electromagnet device which are matched, and the differential mechanism also comprises a buffer large gear;

the pawl device is characterized in that under the condition that the end of a center shaft on the side of an assembling motor rotates clockwise to move forward of a vehicle, the windward side of a convex claw of a friction clamping spring rotating clockwise is an inclined plane or an arc-shaped surface, the working surface of a pawl assembling rubber pad can be contacted with the windward side of the convex claw, a pawl is provided with a through hole to be matched and embedded with an expanded conical head of the rubber pad, the pawl is in a crank shape, the lower part of the corner of the pawl is provided with a shaft hole which is movably connected with two lugs arranged on a seat frame through a pin shaft, the lugs are arranged on the left side of the upper part of the seat frame, the end surface of the upper part of the seat frame is contacted and positioned with the lower end surface of a right convex claw of the pawl, a spiral circle of a torsion spring is sleeved on the pin shaft, the upper end of the torsion spring is hooked and pressed on the left side of the, the windward side of the friction clamping spring when the convex claw rotates anticlockwise is a plane, and the working surface on the left side of the pawl can be in contact with the plane of the convex claw;

the electromagnetic device is in an axial assembly state of a middle shaft with a differential mechanism facing upwards, a mounting plate is arranged at the left end of a seat frame below the middle shaft, the mounting plate is provided with a plurality of bolt holes and is fixedly installed on a left half shell of a shell through bolts, the axial lead of the bolt holes is parallel to the axial lead of the middle shaft, the electromagnet is fixedly assembled in the middle of the seat frame, the lower part of an iron core of the electromagnet is fixed with the left side of a connecting plate, the right side of the connecting plate is fixed with the lower end of a sliding column, the sliding column is assembled in a sliding sleeve arranged on the right side of the seat frame in a sliding fit manner, a return pressure spring is assembled between the lower end surface of the sliding sleeve and the upper end surface of the connecting plate, a stop block is fixed at the upper end of the sliding column and is contacted with a convex claw of a friction clamp spring, the return pressure spring forces the sliding column and the stop block to move downwards to an initial state, and the stop block cannot be in contact with the convex claw of the friction clamping spring.

2. The electric vehicle automatic transmission driver as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sliding sleeve of the electromagnet device is arranged on the upper portion of the electromagnet, a stop block is arranged at the upper end of a sliding column assembled by the sliding sleeve, the lower end of the sliding column is fixedly assembled with an iron core of the electromagnet, and the sliding column is made of stainless steel.

3. The electric vehicle automatic transmission driver as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the buffer gear wheel comprises an outer wheel, an inner wheel, rubber blocks and clamping plates, wherein transmission meshing teeth are arranged on the outer circle of the outer wheel, inner convex claws are arranged on the inner circle of the outer wheel, outer convex claws are arranged on the outer circle of the inner wheel, the inner convex claws and the outer convex claws are assembled alternately, one rubber block is assembled between each inner convex claw and each outer convex claw, the clamping plates are respectively arranged at two ends of the outer wheel and the inner wheel, the two clamping plates are assembled and fixed with the inner wheel, the two clamping plates are assembled and matched with the outer wheel in a sliding mode, the two clamping plates are respectively fixed on the outer circles of a left differential shell and a right differential shell, the left differential shell, the right differential shell and the inner wheel are assembled and fixed through bolts, two large notches for assembling small shafts and six or eight small notches for penetrating through the bolts are arranged on the inner circle of the inner wheel in a circular mode, the small shafts penetrate through.

4. The electric vehicle automatic transmission driver as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the maintenance device, be equipped with the push rod bolt outside electromagnet core right-hand member at electromagnet thrustor, electromagnet assembly position outside at half right shell is equipped with concavity chamber and through-hole, through ring pad assembly rubber circle in the concavity chamber, the ring pad assembly is in the concavity chamber of mounting panel, the positive position in concavity chamber of mounting panel is equipped with the screw hole, the major part screw position and the screw hole cooperation of push rod bolt, the cylindrical push rod in path position on the left side of push rod bolt passes the ring pad, the rubber circle, half right shell through-hole, push rod left end and iron core right-hand member contact location, push rod bolt right-hand member is equipped with the manual regulation of being convenient for of inflation round handle, the inflation round handle still is equipped with little through-hole and is convenient for wear silk locking and prevent push rod bolt free rotation, the mounting panel still is equipped with two.

5. The electric vehicle automatic transmission driver as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a shaft gear processed on the power shaft is a first-gear driving gear, a second-gear driving gear is assembled at the right end of the power shaft through a spline, and the left end of the power shaft is assembled with the motor through an external spline.

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