CN112943870A

CN112943870A - Automatic transmission

Info

Publication number: CN112943870A
Application number: CN202110226585.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 向永川
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-03-02
Filing date: 2021-03-02
Publication date: 2021-06-11

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic gear transmission which comprises a transmission switching system and a gear transmission system. The transmission switching system comprises an operating device, and a reverse action device is matched with the one-way conical surface clutch to realize gear shifting. The method is characterized in that: the reverse action device is formed by arranging and assembling a plurality of groups of waist drum springs, and the transmission switching system further comprises an inclined plane slide block reverse gear mechanism; the left pressure spring seat frame and the left ring seat are assembled through four waist drum springs, and the right pressure spring seat frame and the right ring seat are assembled through four waist drum springs; the input shaft is provided with an operating device, a guide rod, a reverse action device, a one-way conical clutch and a second-gear driving gear, a cylindrical sleeve and the second-gear driving gear are assembled, the cylindrical sleeve is fixed with a disc, the disc is fixed with the small-diameter end of the inner conical ring, and the inner circle part of the small-diameter end of the outer conical ring is fixed on the outer circle of the right ring seat. The automatic gear transmission is assembled on an electric vehicle, so that the climbing capability and the endurance mileage can be enhanced.

Description

Automatic transmission

Technical Field

The invention relates to an automatic gear shifting and speed changing device of an electric vehicle driving system, in particular to an automatic gear shifting and speed changing device assembled on a rear axle of an electric vehicle, which can be applied to middle drive of a two-wheel electric motorcycle and belongs to the technical field of mechanical transmission.

Background

At present, the electric vehicle on the market is not generally provided with an automatic transmission, the torque is small, the current is large, the climbing, the speed increasing and the load bearing are realized by multiplying the current, and particularly, the electric vehicle needs to frequently climb in mountainous areas and hilly areas, consumes large electric quantity and greatly reduces the continuous mileage. The battery has short service life and is easy to burn out the motor and the controller. The existing manual gear shifting is also very inconvenient, the vehicle needs to be stopped and then the gear shifting is operated, and the transportation efficiency is low.

In the prior art, the automatic transmission disclosed in the chinese utility model patent application (application No. 201520367985.1) includes a gear transmission system, a shift mechanism executing system, and a power connection system, wherein the shift mechanism executing system includes a control device, a reverse action device, and a shift switching device; the gear shifting switching device is characterized in that the driven frame is sleeved on the input shaft, the driven frame sliding sleeve is assembled with the crank of the guide rod, the guide rod is assembled with the moving combination body, and the moving combination body is combined with or separated from the rotating combination body to realize gear shifting and speed changing. When the movable combination body and the rotary combination body are combined or separated, the transmission impact is large, and the electric car is not suitable for being assembled on a high-grade electric car.

The Chinese utility model patent application (application number: 201620647518.9) discloses an automatic transmission, which comprises a gear transmission system and a gear shifting mechanism execution system; the gear shifting mechanism executing system comprises an automatic clutch and a face tooth ratchet mechanism; the spring push type clutch is characterized in that a driven gear is provided with a sleeve seat which is matched with a driven shaft in a rotating mode, a driven ratchet wheel is matched with the driven shaft in a sliding mode through splines, one end face of the driven ratchet wheel is provided with a driven ratchet, the spring push type clutch is further provided with a centrifugal reverse pushing device, the centrifugal reverse pushing device forces the driven ratchet wheel to move and separate from the driven gear in a high rotating speed state, the other end face of the driven ratchet wheel is provided with a compressed spring, the end face of the driven gear is provided with a driving ratchet, and the driving ratchet. The driving ratchet and the driven ratchet have the problems of frequent combination and separation at a certain speed, the working condition that the ratchets are damaged by frequent impact is easily caused, the service life is short finally, and the performance is unstable.

Above prior art can not be fine when actual loading is used solve the comfortable reliable and high actual problem of transmission mechanical efficiency of electric motor car transaxle driving, this automatic speed change gear ware is in order to make above problem obtain solving.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: the automatic transmission solves the problems of serious gear shifting impact and low transmission efficiency in the application of rear axle drive in the prior automatic transmission technology. A conical friction clutch is used to solve the shift shock problem. The invention provides an automatic gear transmission which is applied to electric vehicle driving to improve the mechanical efficiency of vehicle transmission and ensure smooth gear shifting and comfortable driving.

The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

an automatic gear transmission comprises machine shell packaged engine oil, a transmission switching system and a gear transmission system, wherein the gear transmission system is double-shaft two-gear transmission or epicyclic gear train gear transmission, the transmission switching system comprises an operating device, and a reverse action device is matched with a one-way conical surface clutch to realize gear shifting or a forward action device is matched with a two-way conical surface clutch to realize gear shifting.

The reverse action device is formed by sequentially arranging and assembling a plurality of groups of waist drum springs in the left-right axial direction, the forward action device is also formed by sequentially arranging and assembling a plurality of groups of waist drum springs in the left-right axial direction, the transmission switching system further comprises an inclined plane sliding block reverse gear mechanism, and the inclined plane sliding block reverse gear mechanism is electromagnet reverse gear or manual reverse gear.

The reverse action device is a sliding shaft type integrated linkage external reverse device and is formed by elastically connecting a driving frame and a driven frame which are assembled by a control frame through waist drum springs, an outer conical surface ring and a right ring seat of the driven frame are fixed into a whole, a right ring seat and a left ring seat of the driven frame are fixed, the control frame is fixedly arranged on an input shaft through a check ring in a positioning and assembling mode, a sliding sleeve is arranged on the driving frame in a sliding fit mode and sleeved on the input shaft, two through holes are formed in the upper portion and the lower portion of the left end of the sliding sleeve, a left pressure spring seat frame is fixed to the left end of the sliding sleeve, a right pressure spring seat frame is fixed to the right end of the sliding sleeve, the upper and lower four pressure spring seats of the left pressure spring seat frame and the front and rear four pressure spring seats of the left ring seat respectively form two pairs of extruded elastic connections through the assembly of the four waist drum springs, the upper and lower pressure spring seats of the right.

Reverse acting devices are known in the art and give fully feasible results in trial runs. The reverse operation apparatus is specifically described in the automatic transmission disclosed in the chinese invention patent application (application No. 201210125541.8). The integrated linked internal reverse device is a well-known technology, and is specifically described in an automatic transmission disclosed in the chinese patent application (application No. 201510291975.9). The integral linkage outer reversing device can be known after the integral linkage inner reversing device is known, and only the stroke of the driven frame of the integral linkage inner reversing device is increased to be changed into the driving frame of the integral linkage outer reversing device and the stroke of the driving frame is reduced to be changed into the driven frame of the integral linkage outer reversing device. The reverse action device is formed by sequentially arranging and assembling a plurality of groups of waist drum springs in the axial left-right direction, namely, a group of reverse action devices are added on the known reverse action device, so that the axial pressure of the conical surface clutch is increased, the torque is increased, and further, larger transmission power is obtained. The positive action device also is that the assembly is arranged in proper order about multiunit waist drum spring axial, this patent application positive action device is with this patent application reverse action device's driven frame is fixed at the intermediate point of stroke, and trades the guide arm of the sliding sleeve through-hole assembly of initiative frame for long guide arm, makes the initiative frame become the action frame.

The reverse action device can also be a sliding claw type integrated linkage external reverse device which is formed by elastically connecting a driving frame and a driven frame assembled by a control frame through a waist drum spring, the control frame is formed by assembling a sliding claw frame and a left clamping plate through a small clamp spring, the right end surface of the sliding claw frame is cross-shaped, the middle of the sliding claw frame is provided with a through hole, the left end protrudes leftwards, the middle of the left end is provided with a spline sleeve, the outer circle part of the left end protrudes leftwards is provided with a spline sleeve, the outer circle part of the left end is provided with four sliding shafts, the outer circle part of the left end protrudes leftwards, the outer circle part of the left clamping plate is provided with a through hole matched with the end surface of the sliding shaft, the four sliding shafts penetrate through the through hole to assemble the small clamp spring, the right end surface of the small clamp spring is in contact positioning with the left clamping plate, the left end surface of the spline sleeve is in contact positioning with the right end surface of the left clamping plate, the, the driven frame reversely moves and is positioned by the contact of the left clamping plate to the left. The spline cover of sliding jaw frame is equipped with two openings and internal rack and input shaft groove fit, and the spline housing excircle is equipped with the sliding sleeve cooperation of spline groove and initiative frame, and the sliding sleeve sliding fit cover of initiative frame is sheathe in the spline, is equipped with two through-holes around the sliding sleeve left end, and the fixed left pressure spring seat frame of sliding sleeve left end, the fixed right pressure spring seat frame of sliding sleeve right-hand member. The outer conical ring is provided with an inner notch and a convex tooth matched with and assembled with the back surface of the inner groove of the driven frame, the small-diameter end on the right side of the outer conical ring is provided with an inner convex ring, the inner circular surface of the outer conical ring is circumferentially arranged with an inner notch, and the large-diameter end on the left side of the outer conical ring is provided with an inner clamp spring groove. The right ring seat and the left ring seat of the driven frame are fixedly connected through inner grooves arranged circumferentially, the inner grooves are in sliding fit with sliding shafts of the sliding claw frames, convex teeth are arranged on the back surfaces of the inner grooves, the outer conical surface ring slides into the driven frame from the right end, the right ends of the convex teeth on the back surfaces of the inner grooves are in contact positioning with the inner convex rings, and the left ends of the convex teeth are in contact positioning with inner clamping springs assembled in the left ends of the outer conical surface ring. The upper and lower four pressure spring seats of the left pressure spring seat frame and the front and rear four pressure spring seats of the left ring seat are assembled through four waist drum springs to form two pairs of extruded elastic connections, the upper and lower four pressure spring seats of the right pressure spring seat frame and the front and rear four pressure spring seats of the right ring seat are assembled through four waist drum springs to form two pairs of extruded elastic connections, and the waist drum springs are always in a compressed state. The control frame is fixed on the input shaft through the retainer ring in a positioning assembly mode.

The one-way conical clutch, the cylinder sleeve and the second-gear driving gear are assembled and positioned by the shaft step and the outer retaining ring, the left end of the cylinder sleeve is fixed with the disc, the outer circle of the disc is fixed with the small-diameter end of the inner conical ring, the inner conical ring is matched with the outer conical ring, and the inner circle part of the small-diameter end of the outer conical ring is fixed on the outer circle of the right ring seat of the sliding shaft type integrated linkage outer reversing device driven frame. The inner conical surface ring, the disc and the cylinder sleeve are assembled and fixed or integrally formed.

The double-shaft two-gear transmission device is characterized in that a bearing, an operating device, a guide rod, a sliding shaft type integrated linkage external reversing device, a one-way conical clutch, a two-gear driving gear, a first-gear driving gear and a bearing are sequentially assembled on an input shaft from left to right, a cylindrical sleeve and the two-gear driving gear are in rotating fit with the input shaft, the right end of the cylindrical sleeve is matched with the left end of the second-gear driving gear through end face tooth embedded teeth, and the excircle of the end face tooth embedded teeth matching part is assembled with an inner hole of the bearing; or the second gear driving gear is assembled on a convex claw at the right end of the cylinder sleeve through an inner hole notch, and the cylinder sleeve and the second gear driving gear are assembled on an outer concave ring groove part of the input shaft through wear-resistant tiles; the first-gear driving gear is a shaft gear processed by the input shaft, and the first-gear driving gear and the second-gear driving gear are respectively meshed with a first-gear overrunning driven gear and a second-gear driven gear assembled on the driven shaft.

The second gear driving gear can be assembled on a convex claw at the right end of the cylinder sleeve through an inner hole notch, and the cylinder sleeve and the second gear driving gear are assembled on an outer concave ring groove part of the input shaft through wear-resistant tiles. The outer circle of the cylinder sleeve can be also provided with a bearing to be matched with a flange seat of the left half shell, and the first-gear overrunning driven gear can be made into an outer pawl gear or can be assembled on a driven shaft through embedding the overrunning bearing.

The first-gear overrunning driven gear is an external pawl gear and mainly formed by assembling a gear outer ring, a ratchet wheel, a rubber ratchet wheel ring, a left clamping plate, a right clamping plate, a pawl, a small steel ball, a steel sheet spring and a pin shaft, wherein the outer circle of the gear outer ring is a transmission meshing tooth, the inner circle of the gear outer ring is circumferentially provided with a bayonet sleeve seat, an arc-shaped groove, a pawl cavity and a pin shaft hole in an arrangement mode, and concave circular steps for assembling and positioning are further arranged at two ends of the gear outer ring; the ratchet wheel is provided with a spline hole to be assembled with the driven shaft, two ends of the ratchet wheel protrude and are provided with an outer ring with a cambered surface, and the outer circle of the ratchet wheel is provided with ratchets; the outer circle of the rubber ratchet ring is provided with corresponding ratchets and protrudes towards the outer circle relative to the ratchet wheel, and one end face of the rubber ratchet ring is tightly attached to one end face of the ratchet wheel and is positioned and assembled through concave-convex matching of the end faces; the inner hole of the left clamping plate is provided with an inner ring with a cambered surface, the left clamping plate is provided with a left convex ring, and convex claw holes and pin shaft holes are arranged on the circumference; the inner hole of the right clamping plate is provided with an inner ring with a cambered surface, the right clamping plate is provided with a right convex ring, and the periphery of the right clamping plate is provided with a left convex claw and a pin shaft hole in an arrayed manner; one end of the steel sheet spring is provided with an arc body which is matched and assembled with the left convex claw and the arc groove, the other end of the steel sheet spring is provided with two fork-shaped elastic sheets, each elastic sheet is in a fusiform shape, the tip of each elastic sheet is narrow, and the two elastic sheets are correspondingly attached to the outer arc surface of the pawl; one end of the pawl is provided with an expanded cylindrical head, the cylindrical head is matched and assembled with the bayonet sleeve seat, the diameter of the end face of the cylindrical head is larger than the opening width of the bayonet sleeve seat, and the cylindrical head is inserted from the end face of the bayonet sleeve seat; the inner cambered rings of the left clamping plate and the right clamping plate are respectively matched and assembled with the outer cambered rings at the two ends of the ratchet wheel through small steel balls; the pin shaft penetrates through pin shaft holes corresponding to the left clamping plate, the gear outer ring and the right clamping plate and is assembled and fixed through a clamp spring or a shaft clamp; or the left clamping plate and the outer ring of the gear are forged and integrally formed.

The through hole at the left end of the sliding sleeve is assembled with the crank at the right end of the guide rod, the left end of the guide rod extends to the left end of the control frame and penetrates through the through hole of the seat frame, the crank at the left end of the guide rod is assembled with the sliding sleeve ring, the sliding sleeve ring is assembled on the input shaft in a sliding fit manner, the right end surface of the sliding sleeve ring is contacted with the cambered surface claw at the right side of the crank, the left end surface of the sliding sleeve ring is contacted with the right end of a pressure spring, the pressure spring is sleeved at the left side of the input shaft, the left end of the pressure spring is contacted with a circular ring retainer ring, the left end surface of the circular ring retainer ring is contacted with an outer clamping spring assembled on the input shaft, a circular hole at the middle part of the crank is assembled with a circular lug hole arranged on the left end of the seat frame through a pin shaft, the left side of the crank is fixedly provided with a flyweight, the lugs are divided, the input shaft is provided with four outer grooves, and the right end of the seat frame is tightly attached to the left end of the control frame.

The electromagnet reverse gear is matched with a first-gear overrunning driven gear, a plurality of embedded teeth are arranged on the circumference of the right end of a gear outer ring of the first-gear overrunning driven gear, a reverse gear embedded tooth disc is assembled on a driven shaft in an axial sliding fit mode through splines, a plurality of embedded teeth are arranged on the circumference of the left end of the reverse gear embedded tooth disc, the small circle portion of the left end of the reverse gear embedded tooth disc is in contact with the right end of a tower spring, the right end of the reverse gear embedded tooth disc is in contact with or in clearance fit with a frame-shaped spring, a ferrule seat is in a crank shape, two round holes are formed in the ferrule seat and are assembled and fixed on a screw blind hole of a lower protruding block at the bottom of a right half shell through bolts, the axial lead of the screw blind hole is parallel to the axial lead of the driven shaft, a lower bending short edge of the frame-shaped spring is formed by folding two ends of a steel wire into a crank and oppositely assembling mode, the two cranks are assembled inside a winding drum of the ferrule The upper edge of the inclined plane sliding block is a reverse gear combination plane, the lower edge of the inclined plane is a reverse gear separation plane, the upper end of the inclined plane sliding block is fixedly assembled with a small sliding shaft, the upper edge of the small sliding shaft penetrates through a through hole on the upper edge of an open slot part of the right half shell, the outer edge of the through hole is provided with a small circular groove and a large circular groove, a rubber ring is assembled in the small circular groove, a large circular pad is assembled in the large circular groove, the small sliding shaft penetrates through the rubber ring and the large circular pad, the upper end of the small sliding shaft is assembled with an electromagnet, the center of an iron core of the electromagnet is provided with a through hole, the upper end of the small sliding shaft is provided with a notch, the small sliding shaft is inserted into the through hole of the iron core and assembled with a small snap spring with a straight edge, the upper end of the small snap spring is contacted with the lower end of the iron core, the, the small housing is fixed on the outer side surface of the right half shell through bolts, and the axial lead of the electromagnet iron core and the small sliding shaft is vertical to the axial lead of the driven shaft.

Or a small sleeve is fixed at the lower end of the electromagnet core, an opening is formed in the lower end of the small sleeve, a notch is formed in the upper end of the small sliding shaft, the small sleeve is inserted into the right half shell, the small sleeve penetrates through the tower spring, the large circular ring pad, the rubber ring and the through hole of the right half shell, the small sliding shaft is inserted into the small sleeve, a small snap spring with a straight edge is assembled on the opening and the notch, the coil of the electromagnet is assembled and fixed in the small housing, and the small housing is fixed outside the right half shell through a bolt.

The electromagnet is used for reversing, the electromagnet coil is electrically connected with a reversing switch of the electric vehicle, the electromagnet coil is closed in a circuit when the reversing switch is in a reversing state, the electromagnet is assembled on the right half shell, the axial lead of the electromagnet core is perpendicular to the axial lead of the driven shaft, and the tooth embedded teeth of the gear outer ring of the first-gear overrunning driven gear and the tooth embedded teeth of the reversing tooth embedded disk are matched and meshed through electromagnet work or separated through tower spring return.

The manual reverse gear adopts a manual operating mechanism to replace an electromagnet, a concave ring groove is arranged at the upper end of a small sliding shaft to assemble a small snap spring, a small circular ring pad is arranged below the small snap spring, a tower spring is sleeved on the small sliding shaft and assembled between the small circular ring pad and a large circular ring pad, the top end of the small sliding shaft is contacted with a sliding cylinder cover, the excircle of the sliding cylinder cover is in sliding fit with the inner wall of a cover seat, the cover seat is provided with an elongated hole, the right end of a large crank passes through the elongated hole to be pressed at the upper end of the sliding cylinder cover, an upper bracket is fixed at the upper end of the cover seat and extends towards the left, the left end of the upper bracket is provided with two downward lugs, the two lugs are provided with through holes to be movably connected with the large crank through a pin shaft, the lower end of the large crank is connected with a reverse gear pull wire, a sleeve of the reverse gear pull wire is assembled with a lower bracket fixed at the left end of the cover seat, the reverse, when the handle of the reverse pull wire is operated to be in a reverse state, the switch is connected with a control switch circuit for disconnecting the vehicle from moving forwards, and the motor can only run in a reverse mode.

The transmission switching system is characterized in that the transmission switching system is a controller, a bidirectional electromagnet, a forward action device and a bidirectional conical clutch are matched to realize gear shifting, a first-gear inner conical surface ring and a second-gear inner conical surface ring of the bidirectional conical clutch are matched with a bidirectional outer conical surface combination sleeve, the bidirectional outer conical surface combination sleeve is assembled on an input shaft in a sliding fit mode, a spline sliding sleeve of the bidirectional outer conical surface combination sleeve is assembled with a crank at the right end of a long guide rod, a convex claw in the middle of the long guide rod is assembled with an action frame of the forward action device, a back-hooking crank at the left end of the long guide rod is assembled with an iron core, the right end of the iron core is provided with an inwards concave ring groove, the left end of the iron core is provided with a concave surface, the center of the iron core is provided with a screw hole, the left ends of the two long guide rods are respectively provided with a back-hooking crank which is assembled in the inwards concave ring groove at, the coil of the bidirectional electromagnet is fixed in the cylinder cover, and the inner spline housing of the positioning frame of the forward actuating device is positioned and assembled on the input shaft through the shaft step and the check ring. The forward action device is formed by sequentially arranging and assembling a plurality of groups of waist drum springs in the axial left-right direction, a driven frame of the reverse action device is fixed at the middle point of a stroke, and a guide rod assembled by a sliding sleeve through hole of the driving frame is replaced by a long guide rod, so that the driving frame becomes an action frame.

The structure of the coupling sleeve is specifically described in detail in an automatic transmission disclosed in the chinese patent application (application No. 201510291975.9), wherein the coupling sleeve is a waist-drum-shaped double-cone body, and the coupling sleeve is assembled between a cone body fixed to a first-gear sliding gear and a cone body fixed to a second-gear sliding gear. The combination sleeve is the bidirectional outer conical surface combination sleeve described in the patent application.

The structure of the two-way electromagnet is described in detail in the automatic transmission disclosed in the chinese patent application (application No. 202010834411.6). The forward actuating device is a well-known technology, and is specifically described in detail in a transmission disclosed in the chinese patent application (application No. 201910880704.5).

The casing encapsulates machine oil, half left end on a left side is equipped with the flange seat, the flange seat passes through the bolt assembly with the drum cover and fixes, be through-hole or bearing frame in the middle of the flange seat, half right-hand member on a left side and half left end cooperation assembly on the right side, drum cover bottom is equipped with bearing frame assembly bearing, half right-hand member on the right side is equipped with the through-hole that bearing frame and input shaft stretched out, two bearing assembly or input shaft that the input shaft passes through on drum cover and the half right shell pass through the drum cover, three bearing assembly on half left side and the half right shell, adsorb iron fillings through the bolt fastening permanent magnet below the bottom of half left side or half right shell the inside, or process blind eye screw hole and pass through little bolt fastening ring shape strong magnet in the middle of.

The input shaft is in transmission connection with the power motor, the left end of the driven shaft extends out of the shell assembly chain wheel to output power through chain transmission or the driven shaft is provided with a bevel gear to output power through shaft transmission, and the power output device can be applied to an electric motorcycle with automatic two-gear speed change.

The input shaft of the epicyclic gear train gear transmission is provided with an operating device, a forward motion device, a second-gear driving gear, a bidirectional conical clutch, a first-gear driving gear and a bearing, and the second-gear driving gear is used as a second-gear central gear and the first-gear driving gear is used as a first-gear central gear in the epicyclic gear train gear transmission and is assembled in a system of the epicyclic gear train gear transmission.

The invention discloses a technical improvement for finding new problems in a trial run experiment, and mainly aims to improve the technology of an automatic transmission named as an invention patent application number 202011532751.X in China so as to solve the practical problem.

Compared with the prior art, the automatic gear transmission has the beneficial effects that:

1. the automatic transmission adopts the overrunning clutch, thereby ensuring the continuity and reliability of power transmission, solving the phenomenon of deceleration and reverse pull, realizing vehicle sliding in driving and obtaining the effect of saving electricity; the outer pawl gear is in high-speed operating condition, because the effect of centrifugal force pawl can not produce the noise with the ratchet collision, the rubber ratchet wheel circle has the function of making an uproar of falling.

2. The reverse action device arranged by a plurality of groups of waist drum springs is matched with the one-way conical clutch to realize gear shifting, so that the transmission impact during gear shifting and speed changing is buffered, the range of the buffered rotation speed difference is large, and the service lives of the clutch and the gear are ensured.

3. The forward action device arranged by a plurality of groups of waist drum springs is matched with the bidirectional conical surface clutch to realize gear shifting, so that the transmission impact during gear shifting is effectively buffered, the transmission torque is increased, and the application range of the automatic gear transmission is enlarged.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low power overdrive shift actuator of a first embodiment of an automatic transmission of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an end view of the outer pawl gear.

Fig. 3 is an axial cross-sectional view of the outer pawl gear.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the assembly of the components of the external pawl gear.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a sliding shaft type integral linkage external reversing device with two sets of waist drum springs arranged axially left and right.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the active frame of fig. 5.

FIG. 7 is a schematic end view of the sliding pawl type integral linkage external reversing device.

FIG. 8 is an axial cross-sectional view of the outer conical ring.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the assembly of parts of the sliding jaw type integral linkage external reversing device.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnet reverse system of the overrunning shift actuator.

Fig. 11 is a schematic view of a small clamp spring.

Fig. 12 is a partial schematic view of the assembly of a frame spring and torsion spring.

Fig. 13 is an end view of a frame spring assembly.

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the assembly of the electromagnet and the ramp slide.

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the assembly of the reverse manual mechanism with the ramp blocks.

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a high power overdrive shift actuator for a second embodiment of an automatic transmission of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a forward actuator shift actuator of a third embodiment of the automatic transmission of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. an input shaft, 2, a right half shell, 3, an outer retainer ring, 4, a bearing, 5, an operating device, 6, a one-way conical clutch, 7, a sliding shaft type integrated linkage outer reversing device, 71, a sliding claw frame, 711, a sliding shaft, 712, an opening, 713 gaps, 714, a spline sleeve, 715, a left clamping plate, 716, a through hole, 717, an inner gear sleeve, 8, a second gear driving gear, 9, a first gear driving gear, 10, a first gear overrunning driven gear, 101, a gear outer ring, 102, an arc groove, 103, a pin shaft hole, 104, a bayonet sleeve seat, 105, an inner circular step, 106, a ratchet, 107, an outer arc ring, 108, a left clamping plate, 109, a left convex ring, 11, a right clamping plate, 111, a left convex claw, 112, an inner arc ring, 113, a pin shaft hole, 114, a half shell, 115, a rubber steel sheet rim, 116, a small steel ball, 117, a pawl, 118, a spring, 12, a sliding sleeve ring, 13, a left, 14 and a driven, 15. pressure spring, 16, cylinder cover, 17, pin shaft, 18, crank throw, 19, thrust pawl, 20, external conical ring, 201, internal convex ring, 202, internal clamp spring groove, 203, internal notch, 204, guide rod, 21, internal conical ring, 22, cylinder sleeve, 23, second-gear driven gear, 24, driven frame, 241, internal notch, 242, convex tooth, 25, left pressure spring ring, 26, driving frame, 27, right pressure spring ring, 28, sliding shaft, 29, waist drum spring, 30, sliding sleeve, 31, pressure spring seat, 32, through hole, 33, right pressure spring seat frame, 34, sliding hole, 35, left pressure spring seat frame, 36, rubber ring, 37, small sliding shaft, 38, inclined plane sliding block, 39, frame spring, 40, reverse gear embedded toothed disc, 41, ring seat, 42, sliding groove, 43, electromagnet, 44, coil, 45, small clamp spring, 46, small round tube, 47, fork opening, 48, 50, tower cover, 51. the device comprises a cover seat 52, a crank throw 53, an upper support 54, a reverse pull wire 55, a seat frame 56, a bearing 57, an iron core 58, a bolt 59, a first-gear driving gear 60, a first-gear inner conical surface ring 61, a second-gear inner conical surface ring 62, a forward action device 63, a positioning frame 64, a bidirectional conical surface combination sleeve 65, a bidirectional electromagnet 66, an action frame 67 and a long guide rod.

Detailed Description

The details of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15. FIG. 1 is a low power overdrive shift actuator for an automatic transmission according to a first embodiment of the present invention, including a housing enclosing engine oil, a transmission switching system, and a gear system, the gear system being a dual-shaft two-speed gear transmission. The transmission switching system comprises an operating device 5, a sliding shaft type integrated linkage external reversing device 7 and a one-way conical clutch 6 which are matched to realize gear shifting. The machine oil is packaged in the machine shell, the left end of the left half shell 13 is provided with a flange seat, the flange seat and the cylinder cover 16 are assembled and fixed through bolts, a through hole is formed in the middle of the flange seat, the right end of the left half shell and the left end of the right half shell 2 are assembled in a matched mode, the left end of the input shaft 1 is assembled through a bearing on a bearing seat at the bottom of the cylinder cover, the right end of the input shaft penetrates through a bearing 4 at the right end of the right half shell, and a spline at the.

The second gear driving gear 8 is assembled on a convex claw at the right end of the cylinder sleeve 22 through an inner hole notch, and the cylinder sleeve and the second gear driving gear are assembled on an outer concave ring groove part of the input shaft 1 through wear-resistant tiles. The cylinder sleeve is provided with an outer convex step which is in contact positioning with the left end of the second-gear driving gear, the right ends of the cylinder sleeve and the second-gear driving gear are in contact positioning with the left end of the shaft step, the left end of the cylinder sleeve is fixed with the disc, the cylinder sleeve is in rotating fit with the input shaft 1 and is positioned and assembled by the shaft step and the outer retaining ring 3, the left end of the outer circle of the disc is provided with an inner conical surface ring 21, the inner conical surface ring is matched with an outer conical surface ring 20, and the outer conical surface ring is fixed on the excircle of the right ring seat 27 of the sliding shaft type integrated linkage outer. The right ring seat and the left ring seat 25 of the driven frame 24 are welded and fixed through four connecting sheets, the control frame of the sliding shaft type integrated linkage external reversing device 7 is positioned and assembled on the input shaft 1 through a check ring, the driving frame 26 is provided with a sliding sleeve 30 which is sleeved on the input shaft in a sliding fit manner, two through holes 32 are formed in the upper portion and the lower portion of the left end of the sliding sleeve, a left pressure spring seat frame 35 is fixed at the left end of the sliding sleeve, a right pressure spring seat frame 33 is fixed at the right end of the sliding sleeve, the left pressure spring seat frame and the right pressure spring seat frame are assembled on a sliding shaft 28 of the control frame through sliding holes 34, the upper and lower four pressure spring seats of the left pressure spring seat frame and the front and rear four pressure spring seats of the left ring seat 25 are assembled through four waist drum springs to form two pairs of extruded elastic connections, the upper and lower four pressure spring seats 31 of the right pressure spring seat frame 33 and the front and.

In order to facilitate scale production and bear large torque, the sliding claw type integral linkage external reversing device can be made by elastically connecting a driving frame and a driven frame which are assembled by a control frame through a waist drum spring, the control frame is formed by assembling a sliding claw frame 71 and a left clamping plate 715 through small snap springs, the right end surface of the sliding claw frame is in a cross shape, the middle of the sliding claw frame is a through hole, the left end protrudes leftwards, the middle of the left end is provided with a spline sleeve 714, four sliding shafts 711 are arranged on the circumference of the excircle part, the left end of each sliding shaft is provided with a notch 713 for assembling the small snap springs, the left clamping plate 715 is provided with a through hole for sleeving an input shaft, the excircle part of the left clamping plate is provided with a through hole 716 matched with the end surface of the sliding shaft, the four sliding shafts penetrate through the through hole for assembling the small snap springs, the right end surface of the small snap springs is in contact positioning with the left clamping plate, the left end, the driven frame moves reversely to the right and is positioned by the contact of the outer conical surface ring and the inner conical surface ring, and the driven frame moves reversely to the left and is positioned by the contact of the left clamping plate. The spline housing of sliding jaw frame is equipped with two openings 712 and the cooperation of internal rack and input shaft recess, and the spline housing excircle is equipped with spline groove and the sliding sleeve 30 cooperation of initiative frame 26, and the sliding sleeve sliding fit cover of initiative frame is sheathe in the spline, is equipped with two through-holes 32 around the sliding sleeve 30 left end, and left pressure spring seat frame 35 is fixed to the sliding sleeve left end, and right pressure spring seat frame 33 is fixed to the sliding sleeve right-hand member. The outer conical ring 20 is provided with an inner notch 203 and a convex tooth 242 matched with the back surface of the inner groove 241 in the driven frame 24, the small-diameter end on the right side of the outer conical ring is provided with an inner convex ring 201, the inner notches 203 are circumferentially arranged in the outer conical ring, and the large-diameter end on the left side of the outer conical ring is provided with an inner clamp spring groove 202. The right ring seat 27 and the left ring seat 25 of the driven frame are fixedly connected through inner grooves which are circumferentially arranged, the inner grooves are in sliding fit with sliding shafts 711 of the sliding claw frames, convex teeth 242 are arranged on the back of the inner grooves, the outer conical ring slides into the driven frame from the right end, the right end of each convex tooth 242 is in contact positioning with the inner convex ring 201, and the left end of each convex tooth is in contact positioning with an inner clamp spring assembled in the outer conical ring left end inner clamp spring groove 202. The upper and lower four pressure spring seats of the left pressure spring seat frame 35 and the front and rear four pressure spring seats of the left ring seat 25 are assembled through four waist drum springs 29 to form two pairs of extruded elastic connections, the upper and lower four pressure spring seats 31 of the right pressure spring seat frame 33 and the front and rear four pressure spring seats of the right ring seat 27 are assembled through four waist drum springs to form two pairs of extruded elastic connections, and the waist drum springs are always in a compressed state. The right end of the control frame is fixed on the input shaft through a check ring in a positioning assembly mode.

The through hole 32 at the left end of the sliding sleeve is assembled with the crank at the right end of the guide rod 204, the left end of the guide rod extends out of the left end of the control frame, the crank at the left end of the guide rod is assembled with the sliding sleeve ring 12, the sliding sleeve ring is assembled on the input shaft in a sliding fit mode, the right end face of the sliding sleeve ring is in contact with the cambered surface claw on the right side of the crank 18, the left end face of the sliding sleeve ring is in contact with the right end of the pressure spring 15, the pressure spring is sleeved on the left side of the input shaft 1, the left end of the pressure spring is in contact with the annular retainer ring, and. The lugs of the operating device 5 are divided into two pairs of lugs which are arranged on the excircle positions of the left end surface of the control frame of the sliding shaft type integrated linkage outer reversing device 7 in a circumferential arrangement mode, a round hole in the middle of the crank 18 is assembled with a lug round hole arranged on the control frame through a pin shaft 17, a flyweight is fixed on the left side of the crank, and a thrust pawl 19 which is arranged on the upper edge of the lug in a protruding mode is matched with a spigot at the upper end of the left side of the crank 18 to control.

The double-shaft two-gear transmission device is characterized in that a bearing, an operating device 5, a guide rod 204, a sliding shaft type integrated linkage external reversing device 7, a one-way conical clutch 6, a two-gear driving gear 8, a first-gear driving gear 9 and a bearing 4 are sequentially assembled on an input shaft 1 from left to right, a cylindrical sleeve 22 and the two-gear driving gear 8 are in running fit with the input shaft 1, the first-gear driving gear is a shaft gear processed by the input shaft, the first-gear driving gear and the second-gear driving gear are respectively meshed with a first-gear overrunning driven gear 10 and a second-gear driven gear 23 assembled on a driven shaft 14, and the shaft gear of the driven shaft is meshed with a.

The first-gear overrunning driven gear 10 is an external pawl gear and is formed by assembling a gear outer ring 101, a ratchet 106, a rubber ratchet ring 115, a left clamping plate 108, a right clamping plate 11, a pawl 117, a small steel ball 116, a steel sheet spring 118 and a pin shaft 114, wherein the outer circle of the gear outer ring 101 is transmission meshing teeth, three bayonet sleeve seats 104, an arc-shaped groove 102, a pawl cavity and a pin shaft hole 103 are arranged on the circumference of the inner circle of the gear outer ring, and concave circular steps 105 for assembling and positioning are further arranged at two ends of the gear outer ring; the inner hole of the ratchet 106 is provided with a spline to be assembled with the driven shaft, two ends of the ratchet protrude and are provided with an outer ring 107 with a cambered surface, and the outer ring of the ratchet is provided with ratchets; the outer circle of the rubber ratchet ring 115 is provided with corresponding ratchets and protrudes towards the outer circle relative to the ratchet wheel, and one end face of the rubber ratchet ring 115 is tightly attached to one end face of the ratchet wheel 106 and is positioned and assembled through concave-convex matching of the end faces; an inner hole of the left clamping plate 108 is provided with an inner cambered ring, the left clamping plate is provided with a left convex ring 109, and convex claw holes and pin shaft holes are arranged on the circumference; an inner hole of the right clamping plate 11 is provided with an inner cambered ring 112, the right clamping plate is provided with a right convex ring, and a left convex claw 111 and a pin shaft hole 113 are arranged on the circumference; one end of the steel sheet spring 118 is provided with an arc body which is matched and assembled with the left convex claw 111 and the arc-shaped groove 102, the other end of the steel sheet spring is provided with two fork-shaped elastic sheets, each elastic sheet is in a fusiform shape, the tip of each elastic sheet is narrow, and the two elastic sheets are correspondingly attached to the outer arc surface of the pawl; the pawl 117 is provided with an expanded cylindrical head which is matched and assembled with the bayonet socket 104, and the cylindrical head is inserted from the end surface of the bayonet socket; the inner cambered rings of the left clamping plate and the right clamping plate are respectively matched and assembled with the outer cambered rings at two ends of the ratchet wheel through small steel balls 116; the pin shaft 114 is inserted from the corresponding pin shaft holes of the right clamp plate 11, the gear outer ring 101 and the left clamp plate 108 and is fixed by shaft clamp assembly.

The electromagnet reverse gear is assembled with a first-gear overrunning driven gear 10, eight embedded teeth are arranged on the right end of the gear outer ring of the first-gear overrunning driven gear in a circumferential mode, a reverse gear embedded tooth disc 40 is assembled on a driven shaft in an axial sliding fit mode through a spline, eight embedded teeth are arranged on the left end of the reverse gear embedded tooth disc in a circumferential mode, a small circle portion of the left end of the reverse gear embedded tooth disc is in contact with the right end of a tower spring, the right end of the reverse gear embedded tooth disc is matched with a frame spring 39, a ring seat 41 is in a crank shape, the ring seat is provided with two round holes which are assembled and fixed on a convex block on the lower side of the bottom of a right half shell 2 through bolts, the axial lead of the bolts is parallel to the axial lead of the driven shaft 14, the lower bent short edge of the frame spring 39 is formed by folding two ends of a steel wire into a crank and oppositely assembling mode, the two crank throws are assembled inside a winding drum of the ring seat 41, the two crank out edges are assembled and buckled and, a small sliding shaft 37 is assembled and fixed on the upper edge of the inclined plane sliding block, the upper edge of the small sliding shaft penetrates through a through hole on the upper edge of the open slot part of the right half shell, a small circular ring groove and a large circular ring groove are arranged outside the through hole, a rubber ring 36 is assembled in the small circular ring groove, a large circular ring pad is assembled in the large circular ring groove, the small sliding shaft 37 penetrates through the rubber ring 36 and the large circular ring pad, the upper end of the small sliding shaft is assembled with an electromagnet 43, a through hole is arranged in the center of an electromagnet iron core, a notch is arranged at the upper end of the small sliding shaft, the small sliding shaft is inserted into the through hole of the iron core and is assembled with a small snap spring 45 with a straight edge, the upper, a tower spring is assembled between a small circular ring pad and a large circular ring pad of the small sliding shaft 37, a coil 44 of the electromagnet is assembled and fixed in a small housing, the small housing is fixed on the outer side surface of the right half shell 2 through bolts, and the axial lines of an electromagnet iron core and the small sliding shaft 37 are vertical to the axial line of the driven shaft 14.

A small sleeve 46 can be fixed at the lower end of an iron core of the electromagnet 43, an opening is formed in the lower end of the small sleeve, a notch is formed in the upper end of a small sliding shaft 37, the small sleeve 46 is inserted into the right half shell 2, the small sleeve penetrates through a tower spring, a large circular ring pad, a rubber ring 36 and a through hole of the right half shell, a small snap spring 45 with a straight edge is assembled on the opening and the notch when the small sliding shaft is inserted into the small sleeve, an upper bent short edge of a frame-shaped spring 39 is assembled in an open slot in the upper edge of the bottom of the right half shell and matched with an inclined plane of an inclined plane sliding block 38, the small sliding shaft 37 is assembled and fixed on the upper edge of the inclined plane sliding block, a coil 44 of the electromagnet is assembled and fixed in a small housing, the small housing is fixed on.

For convenient operation, the upper end of the small sliding shaft 37 can be assembled with a manual operating mechanism to be changed into a manual reverse gear, the upper end of the small sliding shaft is provided with a concave ring groove to be assembled with a small snap spring, a small circular ring pad is arranged below the small snap spring, a tower spring 48 is sleeved on the small sliding shaft and assembled between the small circular ring pad and a large circular ring pad, the top end of the small sliding shaft is contacted with a sliding cylinder cover 50, the excircle of the sliding cylinder cover is in sliding fit with the inner wall of a cover seat 51, the cover seat is provided with a long hole, the right end of a large crank 52 penetrates through the long hole to be pressed at the upper end of the sliding cylinder cover 50, the upper end of the cover seat 51 is fixedly provided with an upper bracket 53 extending towards the left side, the left end of the upper bracket is provided with two downward lugs, the two lugs are provided with through holes to be movably connected with the large crank 52 through a pin shaft, the lower end of the large crank is connected with a reverse gear pull, when the handle for operating the reverse pull wire is operated to be in a reverse state, the associated switch is disconnected with a control switch circuit for driving the vehicle forwards, and the motor can only run in a reverse mode.

To accommodate the greater transmission power requirements, FIG. 16 is a high power overdrive shift actuator for a second embodiment of the automatic transmission of the present invention. The left half shell left end is equipped with the flange seat, the flange seat passes through bolt assembly with the cylinder cover 16 fixedly, bearing frame assembly bearing 56 in the middle of the flange seat, the inner circle cover of bearing 56 is on the tooth inlay cooperation position of cylinder cover 22 right-hand member and second gear driving gear 8 left end, left half shell and right half shell 2 cooperation assembly, input shaft 1 left end passes through the bearing assembly on the bearing frame of cylinder cover bottom, the input shaft right-hand member passes the bearing 4 of right half shell 2 assembly, the input shaft middle part passes cylinder cover and second gear driving gear, the input shaft passes through three bearing assembly, the spline of input shaft right-hand member is connected with motor drive. The round hole in the middle of the crank 18 is assembled with the round hole of the lug on the left end face of the seat frame 55 through a pin shaft, the left side of the crank fixes the flyweight, the flyweight is arc-shaped and is in clearance fit with the cylinder cover and the input shaft, the lug is divided into two pairs of circles which are arranged on the excircle part of the left end face of the seat frame, the middle of the seat frame is provided with a through hole which is sleeved on the input shaft, and the through hole is provided with two inner convex teeth which are matched with two grooves on. The right end of the seat frame is contacted with the left end of a control frame of the integrated linkage outer reversing device 7, a driven frame of the integrated linkage outer reversing device 7 is combined with or separated from a cylinder sleeve 22 in a transmission mode through a one-way conical clutch 6, and the left end of the cylinder sleeve 22 is matched with an outer conical ring fixed by the driven frame through a disc fixed inner conical ring 21.

FIG. 17 is a third embodiment of a forward actuator shift actuator for an automatic transmission according to the present invention. The transmission switching system is realized by matching a controller, a bidirectional electromagnet 65, a forward motion device 62 and a bidirectional cone clutch to realize gear shifting. An inner conical ring of a bidirectional conical clutch is matched with a bidirectional outer conical coupling sleeve 64, the bidirectional outer conical coupling sleeve is assembled on an input shaft 1 in a sliding fit mode, a spline sliding sleeve of the bidirectional outer conical coupling sleeve is assembled with a crank at the right end of a long guide rod 67, a claw in the middle of the long guide rod is assembled with an action frame 66 of a forward action device 62, a back-hooking crank at the left end of the long guide rod is assembled with an iron core 57, the right end of the iron core is provided with an inner concave ring groove, the left end of the iron core is provided with a concave surface, the center of the iron core 57 is provided with a screw hole, the left ends of the two long guide rods are respectively provided with a back-hooking crank which is assembled in the inner concave ring groove at the right end of the iron core, a bolt 58 is screwed in the screw hole at the left end of the iron core for assembly and positioning, a convex column at the right end of the bolt is in contact with the back-hooking crank, an, The retainer ring is positioned and assembled at the external spline part of the input shaft 1, and the right end of the internal spline sleeve of the positioning frame is the shaft step and the left end is the external snap spring. The positioning frame 63 and the action frame 66 are elastically connected through the assembly of two groups of waist drum springs 29. The input shaft 1 is sequentially provided with a bidirectional electromagnet 65, a long guide rod 67, a forward motion device 62, a bearing 56, a second-gear driving gear 8, a bidirectional outer conical surface combination sleeve 64, a first-gear driving gear 59 and a bearing from left to right, the second-gear driving gear 8 and the first-gear driving gear 59 are in running fit with the input shaft 1, the right end of the second-gear driving gear 8 is fixed with a second-gear inner conical surface ring 61, the left end of the first-gear driving gear 59 is fixed with a first-gear inner conical surface ring 60, and the bidirectional outer conical surface combination sleeve 64 is assembled between the second-gear inner conical surface ring 61 and the first-gear inner conical surface ring 60. A first-gear driving gear and a second-gear driving gear are respectively meshed with a first-gear driven gear and a second-gear driven gear which are fixedly assembled with a driven shaft, the right end of an input shaft 1 extends out of an external spline part of a right half shell 2 of a machine shell to be connected with a power motor in a transmission mode, a small gear is processed by the driven shaft to be meshed with a large gear of a differential mechanism to output power, and the driving mechanism can be applied to a driving axle of an.

The speed change principle and the operation process of the automatic gear transmission are as follows:

a first embodiment low power overdrive shift actuator for an automatic transmission is illustrated in fig. 1, 5 and 6. The automatic speed changing device belongs to the automatic speed changing, a flyweight crank type operating device 5 is adopted to operate a driving frame of a sliding shaft type integrated linkage outer reversing device 7, a driven frame of the sliding shaft type integrated linkage outer reversing device is assembled and fixed with an outer conical ring 20 of a one-way conical clutch 6, the outer conical ring is welded and fixed with an outer circle of a right ring seat 27 of the driven frame, the right ring seat and a left ring seat are welded and fixed through four connecting sheets, a control frame of the sliding shaft type integrated linkage outer reversing device 7 is positioned and assembled on an input shaft through a check ring, the driving frame 26 of the sliding shaft type integrated linkage outer reversing device is provided with a sliding sleeve 30 which is sleeved on an input shaft 1 in a sliding fit manner, the left end of the sliding sleeve is provided with two through holes 32, the left end of the sliding sleeve is fixedly provided with a left pressure spring seat frame 35, the right end of the sliding sleeve is fixedly provided with a right pressure spring seat frame 33, the upper and lower pressure spring seats of the, the upper and lower four pressure spring seats of the right pressure spring seat frame 33 and the front and rear four pressure spring seats of the right ring seat 27 are assembled through four waist drum springs 29 respectively to form two pairs of extruded elastic connections, and the waist drum springs are always in a compressed state. The driven frame of the sliding shaft type integrated linkage external reversing device 7 is combined with or separated from the cylinder sleeve 22 in a transmission way through the one-way conical clutch 6, and the left end of the cylinder sleeve 22 is matched with the external conical ring 20 fixed by the driven frame through the disc fixed internal conical ring 21.

When the vehicle starts in the forward direction and runs at a low speed, the flyweight crank type operating device 5 is in an initial state, the left end of the second-gear driving gear 8 is in a separated state through the one-way conical clutch 6 assembled by the cylinder sleeve 22, and the first-gear transmission is realized through the overrunning clutch assembled by the first-gear overrunning driven gear 10. When the vehicle moves forwards and accelerates to obtain high-speed running, the flyweight crank type operating device 5 forces the sliding shaft type integrated linkage outer reversing device 7 to act, the driving frame is pulled by the two guide rods 204 to move leftwards, the driven frame is forced to act reversely to push the outer conical surface ring 20 rightwards, the one-way conical surface clutch 6 is combined to realize second-gear meshing, the overrunning clutch assembled by the first-gear overrunning driven gear 10 realizes an overrunning separation state, and the vehicle runs to realize second-gear transmission to obtain higher speed.

When the vehicle needs to decelerate or stop when moving ahead, the running speed of the vehicle is changed from high speed to low speed, the flyweight crank type operating device 5 returns to a low-speed operating state under the action of the pressure spring 15, the driving frame of the sliding shaft type integrated linkage external reversing device moves rightwards, the driven frame is pushed leftwards through the eight waist drum springs to realize second-gear separation, and first-gear transmission is realized by the overrunning clutch assembled by the first-gear overrunning driven gear 10. The first gear running state can also realize deceleration parking.

Fig. 1 shows the second gear in a disengaged state, which indicates that the automatic transmission is in a low speed operating state or a stopped state. The automatic transmission of the present invention is very simple to operate! When the driving resistance of the vehicle is reduced, the speed of the vehicle is accelerated, and the vehicle runs at an accelerated speed, the rotating speed of the motor is increased, and the flyweight crank throw operation sliding shaft type integrated linkage external reversing device generates a reversing action to realize automatic meshing of a second gear so as to realize high-speed running. When the resistance of the running is increased or the operation is decelerated, the flyweight crank throw of the automatic transmission operates the sliding shaft type integrated linkage external reversing device to generate the reversing action by the return action of the pressure spring to realize the automatic separation of the second gear and return to the first gear for driving with large torque, and the running can be decelerated and stopped. Therefore, the forward automatic second gear transmission of the automatic gear transmission is realized repeatedly.

Although the present invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and reverse gear of an overrunning shift driver can be achieved by using a reverse control switch and an electromagnet in cooperation with a reverse clutch, for example, and a driven shaft equipped with a bevel gear drive hub applied to a two-wheel electric motorcycle, for example. Many modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art in light of the teachings of the present invention without departing from its spirit. These are all within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An automatic gear transmission comprises machine shell packaged engine oil, a transmission switching system and a gear transmission system, wherein the gear transmission system is double-shaft two-gear transmission or epicyclic gear train gear transmission, and the transmission switching system comprises a control device, a reverse action device and a one-way conical clutch which are matched to realize gear shifting, or a forward action device and a two-way conical clutch which are matched to realize gear shifting;

the method is characterized in that: the reverse action device is formed by sequentially arranging and assembling a plurality of groups of waist drum springs in the left-right axial direction, the forward action device is also formed by sequentially arranging and assembling a plurality of groups of waist drum springs in the left-right axial direction, the transmission switching system further comprises an inclined plane slide block reverse gear mechanism, and the inclined plane slide block reverse gear mechanism is electromagnet reverse gear or manual reverse gear;

the reverse action device is a sliding shaft type integrated linkage external reverse device and is formed by elastically connecting a driving frame and a driven frame which are assembled by a control frame through waist drum springs, an external conical surface ring and a right ring seat of the driven frame are fixed into a whole, the right ring seat and a left ring seat of the driven frame are fixed, the control frame is fixedly positioned and assembled on an input shaft through a check ring, a sliding sleeve is movably arranged on the driving frame and sleeved on the input shaft in a sliding fit manner, two through holes are formed in the upper part and the lower part of the left end of the sliding sleeve, a left pressure spring seat frame is fixed at the left end of the sliding sleeve, a right pressure spring seat frame is fixed at the right end of the sliding sleeve, the upper and lower four pressure spring seats of the left pressure spring seat frame and the front and rear four pressure spring seats of the left ring seat respectively form two pairs of extruded elastic connections through the assembly of the four waist drum springs, and the upper and;

the one-way conical clutch, the cylinder sleeve and the second-gear driving gear are assembled and positioned by the shaft step and the outer retaining ring, the left end of the cylinder sleeve is fixed with the disc, the outer circle of the disc is fixed with the small-diameter end of the inner conical ring, the inner conical ring is matched with the outer conical ring, and the inner circle part of the small-diameter end of the outer conical ring is fixed on the outer circle of the right ring seat of the sliding shaft type integrated linkage outer reversing device driven frame;

2. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: the first-gear overrunning driven gear is an external pawl gear and mainly formed by assembling a gear outer ring, a ratchet wheel, a rubber ratchet wheel ring, a left clamping plate, a right clamping plate, a pawl, a small steel ball, a steel sheet spring and a pin shaft, wherein the outer circle of the gear outer ring is a transmission meshing tooth, the inner circle of the gear outer ring is circumferentially provided with a bayonet sleeve seat, an arc-shaped groove, a pawl cavity and a pin shaft hole in an arrangement mode, and concave circular steps for assembling and positioning are further arranged at two ends of the gear outer ring; the ratchet wheel is provided with a spline hole to be assembled with the driven shaft, two ends of the ratchet wheel protrude and are provided with an outer ring with a cambered surface, and the outer circle of the ratchet wheel is provided with ratchets; the outer circle of the rubber ratchet ring is provided with corresponding ratchets and protrudes towards the outer circle relative to the ratchet wheel, and one end face of the rubber ratchet ring is tightly attached to one end face of the ratchet wheel and is positioned and assembled through concave-convex matching of the end faces; the inner hole of the left clamping plate is provided with an inner ring with a cambered surface, the left clamping plate is provided with a left convex ring, and convex claw holes and pin shaft holes are arranged on the circumference; the inner hole of the right clamping plate is provided with an inner ring with a cambered surface, the right clamping plate is provided with a right convex ring, and the periphery of the right clamping plate is provided with a left convex claw and a pin shaft hole in an arrayed manner; one end of the steel sheet spring is provided with an arc body which is matched and assembled with the left convex claw and the arc groove, the other end of the steel sheet spring is provided with two fork-shaped elastic sheets, each elastic sheet is in a fusiform shape, the tip of each elastic sheet is narrow, and the two elastic sheets are correspondingly attached to the outer arc surface of the pawl; one end of the pawl is provided with an expanded cylindrical head, the cylindrical head is matched and assembled with the bayonet sleeve seat, the diameter of the end face of the cylindrical head is larger than the opening width of the bayonet sleeve seat, and the cylindrical head is inserted from the end face of the bayonet sleeve seat; the inner cambered rings of the left clamping plate and the right clamping plate are respectively matched and assembled with the outer cambered rings at the two ends of the ratchet wheel through small steel balls; the pin shaft penetrates through pin shaft holes corresponding to the left clamping plate, the gear outer ring and the right clamping plate and is assembled and fixed through a clamp spring or a shaft clamp; or the left clamping plate and the outer ring of the gear are integrally formed.

3. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: the through hole at the left end of the sliding sleeve is assembled with the crank at the right end of the guide rod, the left end of the guide rod extends to the left end of the control frame and passes through the through hole of the seat frame, the crank at the left end of the guide rod is assembled with the sliding sleeve ring, the sliding sleeve ring is assembled on the input shaft in a sliding fit manner, the right end surface of the sliding sleeve ring is contacted with the cambered surface claw at the right side of the crank, the left end surface of the sliding sleeve ring is contacted with the right end of the pressure spring, the pressure spring is sleeved at the left side of the input shaft, the left end of the pressure spring is contacted with the annular retainer ring, the left end surface of the annular retainer ring is contacted with the outer clamp spring assembled on the input shaft, the round hole at the middle part of the crank is assembled with the round hole of the lug arranged on the left end of the seat frame through a pin shaft, the left side of the crank is fixedly provided with a fly, the input shaft is provided with four grooves, and the right end of the seat frame is tightly attached to the left end of the control frame.

4. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: the forward action device is formed by sequentially arranging and assembling a plurality of groups of waist drum springs in the axial left-right direction, a driven frame of the reverse action device is fixed at the middle point of a stroke, and a guide rod assembled by a sliding sleeve through hole of the driving frame is replaced by a long guide rod, so that the driving frame becomes an action frame.

5. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: the electromagnet reverse gear is matched with a first-gear overrunning driven gear, a plurality of embedded teeth are arranged on the circumference of the right end of a gear outer ring of the first-gear overrunning driven gear, a reverse gear embedded tooth disc is assembled on a driven shaft in an axial sliding fit mode through splines, a plurality of embedded teeth are arranged on the circumference of the left end of the reverse gear embedded tooth disc, the small circle portion of the left end of the reverse gear embedded tooth disc is in contact with the right end of a tower spring, the right end of the reverse gear embedded tooth disc is in contact with or in clearance fit with a frame-shaped spring, a ferrule seat is in a crank shape, two round holes are formed in the ferrule seat and are assembled and fixed on a screw blind hole of a lower protruding block at the bottom of a right half shell through bolts, the axial lead of the screw blind hole is parallel to the axial lead of the driven shaft, a lower bending short edge of the frame-shaped spring is formed by folding two ends of a steel wire into a crank and oppositely assembling mode, the two cranks are assembled inside a winding drum of the ferrule The upper edge of the inclined plane sliding block is a reverse gear combination plane, the lower edge of the inclined plane is a reverse gear separation plane, the upper end of the inclined plane sliding block is fixedly assembled with a small sliding shaft, the upper edge of the small sliding shaft penetrates through a through hole on the upper edge of an open slot part of the right half shell, the outer edge of the through hole is provided with a small circular groove and a large circular groove, a rubber ring is assembled in the small circular groove, a large circular pad is assembled in the large circular groove, the small sliding shaft penetrates through the rubber ring and the large circular pad, the upper end of the small sliding shaft is assembled with an electromagnet, the center of an iron core of the electromagnet is provided with a through hole, the upper end of the small sliding shaft is provided with a notch, the small sliding shaft is inserted into the through hole of the iron core and assembled with a small snap spring with a straight edge, the upper end of the small snap spring is contacted with the lower end of the iron core, the, the small housing is fixed on the outer side surface of the right half shell through a bolt, and the axial lead of the electromagnet iron core and the small sliding shaft is vertical to the axial lead of the driven shaft;

6. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: the electromagnet is used for reversing, the electromagnet coil is electrically connected with a reversing switch of the electric vehicle, the electromagnet coil is closed in a circuit when the reversing switch is in a reversing state, the electromagnet is assembled on the right half shell, the axial lead of the electromagnet core is perpendicular to the axial lead of the driven shaft, and the tooth embedded teeth of the gear outer ring of the first-gear overrunning driven gear and the tooth embedded teeth of the reversing tooth embedded disk are matched and meshed through electromagnet work or separated through tower spring return.

7. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: the manual reverse gear adopts a manual operating mechanism to replace an electromagnet, a concave ring groove is arranged at the upper end of a small sliding shaft to assemble a small snap spring, a small circular ring pad is arranged below the small snap spring, a tower spring is sleeved on the small sliding shaft and assembled between the small circular ring pad and a large circular ring pad, the top end of the small sliding shaft is contacted with a sliding cylinder cover, the excircle of the sliding cylinder cover is in sliding fit with the inner wall of a cover seat, the cover seat is provided with an elongated hole, the right end of a large crank passes through the elongated hole to be pressed at the upper end of the sliding cylinder cover, an upper bracket is fixed at the upper end of the cover seat and extends towards the left, the left end of the upper bracket is provided with two downward lugs, the two lugs are provided with through holes and are movably connected with the large crank through a pin shaft, the lower end of the large crank is connected with a reverse gear pull wire, a sleeve of the reverse gear pull wire is assembled with a lower bracket fixed, when the handle of the reverse pull wire is operated to be in a reverse state, the associated switch disconnects the control switch circuit of the vehicle for advancing.

8. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: the reverse action device is a sliding claw type integrated linkage external reverse device which is formed by elastically connecting a driving frame and a driven frame which are assembled by a control frame through a waist drum spring, the control frame is formed by assembling a sliding claw frame and a left clamping plate through a small snap spring, the right end surface of the sliding claw frame is in a cross shape, the middle of the left end which protrudes leftwards is provided with a spline housing, four sliding shafts are arranged on the circumference of the excircle part, the left end of each sliding shaft is provided with a notch for assembling a small snap spring, a left clamp plate is provided with an inner gear sleeve which is sleeved on an input shaft, the excircle part of the left clamp plate is provided with a through hole matched with the end surface of the sliding shaft, the four sliding shafts penetrate through the through hole for assembling the small snap springs, the right end surface of each small snap spring is in contact positioning with the left clamp plate, the left end surface of the spline sleeve is in contact positioning with the right end surface of the left clamp plate, the left end part of the inner gear sleeve of the left clamp plate protrudes leftwards, a driven frame reversely moves rightwards and is in contact positioning with an outer; the spline sleeve of the sliding jaw frame is provided with two openings and an inner rack which is matched with the input shaft groove, the excircle of the spline sleeve is provided with a spline groove which is matched with the sliding sleeve of the driving frame, the sliding sleeve of the driving frame is sleeved on the spline sleeve in a sliding fit manner, the front and the back of the left end of the sliding sleeve are provided with two through holes, the left pressure spring seat frame is fixed at the left end of the sliding sleeve, and the right pressure spring seat frame is fixed; the outer conical ring is provided with an inner notch which is matched and assembled with a convex tooth on the back of an inner groove of the driven frame, the small-diameter end on the right side of the outer conical ring is provided with an inner convex ring, the inner circular surface of the outer conical ring is circumferentially arranged and provided with inner notches, the large-diameter end on the left side of the outer conical ring is provided with an inner clamp spring groove, the right ring seat and the left ring seat of the driven frame are fixedly connected through inner grooves which are circumferentially arranged, the inner grooves are in sliding fit with sliding shafts of the sliding jaw frames, the back of the inner grooves is provided with convex teeth, the outer conical ring is assembled in a sliding mode from the right end of the driven frame, the right end of the convex tooth on the back of the inner groove is in contact positioning with the inner convex ring, and the left end of the convex tooth is in; the upper and lower four pressure spring seats of the left pressure spring seat frame and the front and rear four pressure spring seats of the left ring seat are assembled through four waist drum springs to form two pairs of extruded elastic connections, and the upper and lower four pressure spring seats of the right pressure spring seat frame and the front and rear four pressure spring seats of the right ring seat are assembled through four waist drum springs to form two pairs of extruded elastic connections.

9. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: the transmission switching system is characterized in that the transmission switching system is a controller, a bidirectional electromagnet, a forward action device and a bidirectional conical clutch are matched to realize gear shifting, a first-gear inner conical surface ring and a second-gear inner conical surface ring of the bidirectional conical clutch are matched with a bidirectional outer conical surface combination sleeve, the bidirectional outer conical surface combination sleeve is assembled on an input shaft in a sliding fit mode, a spline sliding sleeve of the bidirectional outer conical surface combination sleeve is assembled with a crank at the right end of a long guide rod, a convex claw in the middle of the long guide rod is assembled with an action frame of the forward action device, a back-hooking crank at the left end of the long guide rod is assembled with an iron core, the right end of the iron core is provided with an inwards concave ring groove, the left end of the iron core is provided with a concave surface, the center of the iron core is provided with a screw hole, the left ends of the two long guide rods are respectively provided with a back-hooking crank which is assembled in the inwards concave ring groove at, the coil of the bidirectional electromagnet is fixed in the cylinder cover, and the inner spline housing of the positioning frame of the forward actuating device is positioned and assembled on the input shaft through the shaft step and the check ring.

10. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: the engine oil is packaged in the machine shell, a flange seat is arranged at the left end of the left half shell, the flange seat and the cylinder cover are assembled and fixed through bolts, a through hole or a bearing seat is arranged in the middle of the flange seat, the right end of the left half shell is assembled with the left end of the right half shell in a matched mode, a bearing seat assembly bearing is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder cover, a through hole extending out of the bearing seat and an input shaft is arranged at the right end of the right half shell, the input shaft is assembled through two bearings on the cylinder cover and the right half shell or is assembled through three bearings on the cylinder cover, the left half shell and the right half shell, and permanent magnets are fixed below the bottom; or a blind hole screw hole is processed in the middle of a large bolt head for discharging engine oil, and a circular strong magnet is fixed through a small bolt.