CN111919549B - A pneumatic chute seed metering device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a pneumatic type slideway seed sowing device, belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and combines pneumatic type and mechanical type to realize mechanical seed taking and cooperative seed carrying. A pneumatic slide seeding apparatus is composed of casing, seed chamber, seed-feeding disk, air-breaking stop block and hollow shaft. Wherein the seeding plate is provided with evenly distributed slideway grooves with the same number as the duckbills, and the tail ends of the slideways are provided with shaped holes communicated with the negative pressure cavity. When seeds are taken, the seeds of 2-3 enter the slide groove by means of self gravity and extrusion force between the seeds, the slide groove rotates along with the seed discharging plate to finish self seed cleaning, when a certain angle is reached, the negative pressure of the molding hole disappears, and the seeds are thrown under the action of self gravity. The invention can effectively adapt to the external dimension of seeds, improve the seed filling efficiency, reduce the miss-seeding rate, improve the seeding qualification rate of the seed-metering device and meet the requirement of precision seeding.

Description

A pneumatic chute seed metering device

technical field

The invention relates to a seed metering device, in particular to a pneumatic slideway seed metering device for medium-sized seeds such as peanuts, soybeans and cotton, belonging to the field of agricultural mechanization engineering.

Background technique

Precision seeding has the advantages of saving seeds and reducing thinning operations. As the main method of planting peanuts, cotton and other crops, mechanized precision seeding has been widely used. The seed meter is the core component of the precision seeding technology, and its working performance directly affects the quality of the seeding. The seed metering device is mainly divided into two categories: mechanical seed metering device and pneumatic seed metering device. Due to the design and use conditions of the seed metering device, the two types of seed metering devices will have different degrees of missed seeding problems.

In view of the high requirements of the mechanical seed metering device for the shape and size of the seeds, and the phenomenon of missing seeding, and the low adsorption rate of the medium and large-size seeds of the pneumatic seed metering device, and the higher requirements for the fan, the invention of the Pneumatic type and mechanical type are combined to realize mechanical seed picking and collaborative seed carrying. It is of great significance to the development of my country's agricultural modernization to achieve increased crop income and yield.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an orderly multi-seed picking device (2 to 3 seeds) and a pneumatic slide-type seed metering device which can ensure precise sowing at the same time.

In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a pneumatic slide-way seed metering device, which combines the principles of seed picking of pneumatic and mechanical seed metering devices to realize mechanical seed picking and coordinated seed carrying. Due to the small mobility of the population, the groove slideway 6 on the seeding plate is set to a "V"-shaped structure, so that the population can enter the groove slideway 6 more easily under the action of gravity. Secondly, in order to prevent the seeds from entering the groove The phenomenon of jamming occurs in the slideway, and the camber boss 7 is set on the 6 kinds of "V" groove slideways, and the seeds entering the "V" groove slideway 6 are placed on the top of the camber boss 7. With the rotation of the seed meter, the seeds roll along the "V"-shaped groove slideway 6 to the end of the "V"-shaped groove slideway 6, and the single seed near the end is covered by the shaped hole 8 under the action of negative pressure and gravity. The cambered boss 7 has a certain holding force for the adsorbed seeds, so as to prevent the seeds from falling into the seed chamber during the rotation process. It will roll down to the seed chamber 13 along the slope of the "V"-shaped groove slideway 6 to complete the process of self-cleaning, so that the "V"-shaped groove slideway 6 only contains a single seed. Rotate to a certain area, the air-cut stopper 11 blocks the negative pressure, and finally the seeds fall by their own gravity and enter the duckbill mechanism. When the duckbill 16 is opened, it will fall into the seed hole dug by the seed guard baffle 18. Complete a seeding.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the seed metering device of the present invention adopts the following specific structure.

A pneumatic slideway seed metering device includes a seed metering device housing, a seed chamber 13 , a seed metering plate 5 , a gas cutoff block 11 and a shaft 12 .

The seed metering disc 5 is installed inside the housing of the seed metering device, and is fixed on the outer plate 19 of the seed metering device; the shaft 12 is installed in the center of the seed metering device housing; the air cutoff block 11 is installed on the seed metering disc 5. Negative pressure air chamber; the seed chamber 13 is installed in the upper half of the housing of the seed meter, and is fixed on the front end cover 3 of the seed meter.

Said seed metering device, wherein: the housing of the seed metering device is composed of an outer moving ring 4, a front end cover 3, an outer fixing plate 19 and a belt device, and the outer fixing plate 19 is a circular bottom plate with a The circular hole in which the bearing is placed, the periphery of the bearing hole is milled with grooves, and the grooves are evenly distributed with threaded holes to fix the seed metering plate 5; There are round holes drilled around the seed outlet to fix the duckbill mechanism; the outer moving ring 4 is fixed by bolts. On the outer plate 19, the waist belt 14 is sandwiched between the two; the front end cover 3 is provided with a seed inlet, and two viewing windows 2 are provided on the viewing window 2 to be fixed by bolts. transparent cover.

The seed metering device, wherein: the seed metering plate 5 is located inside the shell of the seed metering device, positioned through the shaft 12, and fixed on the outer plate 19. The seed metering plate 5 is evenly distributed with the number of "V "-shaped slide groove 6, the end of the slide is provided with a shaped hole 8 that communicates with the negative pressure cavity, and the bottom of the shaped hole 8 is drilled with a circular hole that communicates with the negative pressure air chamber to provide negative pressure for the shaped hole 8 to adsorb seeds. , the "V"-shaped slide groove 6 is provided with an arc-surface boss 7, and the seed-metering plate 5 is milled with an inner cavity from one end face, which forms a closed space with the seed-metering seal ring cover 10, and is connected with the shaft 12 through the shaft 12. The negative pressure air pipes of the fan are connected to form a negative pressure air chamber.

The described seed metering device, wherein: the seed chamber 13 is located in the upper half of the housing of the seed metering device, is connected with the seed feeding pipe 1, is made of thin-walled stainless steel, and is fixed on the front end cover 3 of the seed metering device by bolts. 13. The left side is set as an inverted triangular structure inclined surface, which is attached to the surface of the seed metering tray 5, and the right side is set as an inclined plane, which is also attached to the surface of the seed metering tray 5.

In the seed metering device, the duckbill mechanism is fixed on the outer side of the belt 14 through bolts, and the number is the same as the seeding opening of the belt 14 of the seed metering device.

Beneficial effects of the present invention.

The invention is a pneumatic slideway seed metering device, which can realize precise sowing of medium and large seeds with irregular shapes.

The invention combines the principles of pneumatic and mechanical seed metering devices, uses "V"-shaped groove slides to pick seeds in an orderly manner, and negative pressure airflow and mechanical camber bosses work together to avoid stable airflow and insufficient adsorption force. , the problem of seed falling, effectively improve the efficiency of seed filling, and greatly reduce the missed seeding rate.

The "V"-shaped slideway groove of the present invention is provided with an arc-surface boss, which can ensure that when the seeds enter the slideway, the phenomenon of seed jamming will not occur.

The "V"-shaped slide groove provided by the present invention can not only allow the seeds to slide along the slide to the end-shaped hole in an orderly manner when filling seeds, but also realize the self-clearing of the slide groove, so as to improve the seed filling rate. Also reduces the replay rate of sowing.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic exploded view of the overall structure of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the seed metering tray of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the seed metering tray of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the seed chamber of the present invention.

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the waistband of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the gas cut-off block of the present invention.

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the shaft of the present invention.

Among them: 1-seed feeding tube; 2-visible window; 3-front end cover; 4-outer moving ring; 5-seed metering plate; 6-"V" groove slideway; -type hole; 9-seed opening; 10-seed metering ring cover plate; 11-air cutoff block; 12-shaft; 13-seed chamber; 14-belt; 15-seed opening; 16-duckbill; 17- duckbill spring; 18- seed guard baffle; 19- outer plate of seed metering device.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings

The present invention is a pneumatic slide-way seed metering device, which comprises a seed metering device housing, a seed chamber 13 , a seed metering disc 5 , a gas cut-off block 11 and a shaft 12 .

The housing of the seed metering device includes the outer moving ring 4 of the seed metering device, the front end cover 3, the outer plate 19 and the belt device. The outer platen 19 of the seed meter is a circular bottom plate with a bearing hole in the center. The belt 14 is a cylindrical thin plate, welded on the inner side of the outer fixing plate 19, and there are square seed injection ports evenly distributed around it. Bolt holes are drilled adjacent to the four corners of the seed injection port. . The outer moving ring 4 is connected with the outer plate 19 by bolts, and the belt 14 is placed between them; Viewing window 2, the seeds can enter the seed chamber 13 of the seed metering device through the seed feeding tube 1. The viewing window 2 is provided with a transparent cover plate fixed by bolts, which can be used to observe the "V" shape during the operation of the seed metering device. Filling and seeding situation of groove slideway 6. The 6 kinds of the "V"-shaped groove slideways are provided with cambered bosses 7, which play the role of overhead seeds (overhead means that the seeds are not allowed to fall to the bottom end of the grooves of the slideway) and hold the seeds, so that the seeds can be placed in the row. When the negative pressure is unstable during the operation of the seeder, it can still run to the seeding area under the support of the cambered boss 7 .

The shaft 12 is positioned by bearings and is installed on the outer plate 19, which is a hollow shaft with a round hole at the end, which is used to connect the negative pressure air pipe of the fan and the negative pressure air chamber of the seed metering plate 5, which is a negative pressure airflow channel.

The seed plate 5 is provided with a "V"-shaped groove slideway 6, which is matched with the inverted triangular structure on the left side of the seed chamber 13, so that when the "V"-shaped groove slideway 6 rotates to the level of the seed chamber, 2 to 3 seeds can be taken, and the seed taking rate can be improved; the "V" groove slideway 6 has a shaped hole 8 at the end, so that the seeding disc 5 can absorb the single seed at the end of the slideway, and the seeding disc 5 The inner cavity is milled from one end, and the negative pressure air chamber is formed by connecting with the negative pressure air pipe of the fan through the shaft 12. The upper part of the negative pressure air chamber is provided with a sealing ring cover plate 10 of the seed metering device. The circular holes communicated with the air pressure chambers provide negative pressure for the shaped holes 8 to adsorb seeds. The lower part of the negative pressure air chamber of the seed metering plate 5 is drilled with threaded holes, which are connected to the outer fixing plate 19 by bolts, so that it is fixed on the outer fixing plate 19 to realize synchronous rotation with the outer fixing plate 19 .

The gas cut-off block 11 is welded by a steel plate and an arc-shaped plate, and is welded on the shoulder of the shaft 12 through the end of the steel plate. Internal negative pressure, so that the seeding tray 5 will not be adsorbed by the negative pressure when it is transferred to the seeding area, so as to realize the seeding.

The seed chamber 13 is made of thin stainless steel, and the upper surface is drilled with threaded holes. It is connected to the front end cover 3 of the seed metering device through bolts. 13. The lower left side is set as an inverted triangular structure, which fits with the surface of the seed metering plate and plays the role of gathering the seed flow. The right side is set as an inclined plane, so that the seeds falling from the clearing in the "V"-shaped slide groove 6 slide down to the left seed chamber through the inclined plane.

When the seed meter is working, its working process is as follows: the seeds enter the seed chamber 13 through the seed feeding tube 1, and the seeds are carried to the arc of the "V" groove slideway 6 under the action of gravity and inter-species squeezing force. On the surface boss 7, the chute structure is set to a "V" type structure, which can make the population easier to enter the groove chute 6 under the action of gravity. Secondly, in order to prevent the seeds from getting stuck when entering the groove chute Phenomenon, the cambered bosses 7 are set on the 6 kinds of "V"-shaped groove slideways, and the seeds entering the "V"-shaped grooved slideways 6 are placed above the cambered bosses 7, and with the rotation of the seed metering device , the seeds roll along the "V"-shaped groove slideway 6 to the end of the "V"-shaped groove slideway 6, and the single seed near the end is adsorbed by the shaped hole 8 under the action of negative pressure and gravity, and the arc surface is convex The table 7 has a certain holding force for the adsorbed seeds, so as to prevent the seeds from falling into the seed chamber during the rotation process. The inclined surface of the groove slideway 6 rolls down to the seed chamber 13, and the process of self-cleaning is completed, so that the "V" groove slideway 6 only contains a single seed. The air-cut block 11 blocks the negative pressure, and finally the seeds fall by their own gravity and enter the seeding area to complete one seeding.

Claims (2)

1. A pneumatic slideway seed sowing device comprises a seed sowing device shell, a seed chamber, a seed sowing disc, a gas cut-off stop block and a hollow shaft; the seed metering ware casing comprises outer movable coil, front end housing, outer price fixing and waistband, the equipartition has the slide recess the same with duckbilled quantity on the seed metering dish, and the slide recess is "V" type structure, and the seed can arrange in order in "V" type slide recess, and the seed metering dish mills has the inner chamber, constitutes negative pressure air chamber with seed metering ware sealing washer apron and outer price fixing, and "V" type slide recess end is equipped with the type hole, type hole bottom has been bored with the communicating round hole of negative pressure air chamber, provides the negative pressure for the type hole in order to adsorb the seed, "V" type slide recess inner wall both sides are equipped with the cambered surface boss, can be with the seed frame on both sides cambered surface boss when getting kind, can effectively avoid the card kind phenomenon, and according to different seed size, set up the different intervals of cambered surface boss.

2. The seed meter of claim 1, wherein: the seed metering device is characterized in that the seed chamber is made of thin-wall stainless steel and fixed on a front end cover of the seed metering device through bolts, the seed chamber is positioned on the upper half part of the seed metering disc, an inclined plane of an inverted triangular structure is arranged on the left side and is attached to the surface of the seed metering disc, so that seeds can slide down to the V-shaped slide groove conveniently, the seed taking rate is improved, and an inclined plane is arranged on the right side, so that the V-shaped slide groove can slide down to the seed chamber on the left side from the seed cleaning.

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