CN111894532B - Sand control screen pipe flow control system, method and device and petroleum underground drilling and production tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and natural gas exploitation, and discloses a sand control screen flow control system, a method and a device, and an oil underground drilling and exploitation tool, wherein a fluid enters a fixed-precision sand blocking layer through a rectangular through hole on a protection module, a first-stage sand control treatment is carried out, the fluid enters an overflow area control module, and then enters a pipeline through a screen; when the flow of the sieve tube needs to be adjusted, the power is supplied through the power transmission cable to enable the heating cavity to supply heat, the memory metal is heated, the two-way memory effect of the memory metal is utilized to stretch and move the sliding block, the position of the sliding block in the flow area control structure is changed, the flow area of the fluid is changed, and the flow control of the sieve tube is achieved. The invention adjusts the flow of the fluid flowing through the sieve tube in real time in the process of petroleum field production; utilizing the properties of memory metals provides a method of controlling well production at a sand control screen; the flow of the sand control screen pipe fluid is adjusted in real time in the process of petroleum field production. Compared with the prior sand control screen pipe, the flow of the sand control screen pipe is controlled.

Description

Sand control screen flow control system, method, device, oil well drilling tool

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and natural gas exploitation, and in particular relates to a sand control screen flow control system, method, device, and oil well drilling tools.

Background technique

At present, sand production in oil reservoirs is a common phenomenon in the production of oil and gas wells. Sand production has a huge impact on the production of oil and gas reservoirs. Sand control is the main method to solve the problem of sand production in oil wells at this stage. The current sand control technology mainly uses mechanical sand control, chemical sand control and other means to reduce the accumulation of sandstone particles in the oil layer around the wellbore and into the wellbore, but most of these sand control technologies are at the expense of part of the production capacity. Although various sand control technologies can achieve certain effects in the field, excessive sand control will cause formation sand particles to accumulate in the near wellbore area, block pores, affect the formation of earthworm holes, and cause problems such as a decline in oil well productivity. The moderate sand production technology that cooperates with sand control and sand production can ensure the production life and safety of the oil well on the premise of ensuring the production of the oil well, improve the production efficiency and reduce the development cost at the same time. Moderate sand production needs to adjust the production of oil wells according to the actual production situation. At present, for self-flowing wells, the production control of oil wells is mainly realized by adjusting the flow pressure at the wellhead.

The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: the sand control screen is at the bottom of the well, the flow control system of the sand control screen of the present invention has a precise structure, and the power supply needs to be provided by pre-laying cables, and the design requirements for pre-laying cables are relatively high.

The significance of solving the above problems and defects is: the present invention provides a method for controlling the production of oil wells at the sand control screen of oil wells, which can adjust the production of oil wells in real time and realize efficient and intelligent safe production of oil and gas in oil wells.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a sand control screen flow control system, method, device, and oil well drilling tool.

The present invention is achieved in this way, a sand control screen flow control system, the sand control screen flow control system includes:

Screen pipe and flow support module, used to support the entire screen pipe and flow;

The laying path filling module is used to provide laying paths for transmission cables;

The support module is used to protect the filling layer, support the fixed precision sand retaining layer and the outer protective layer;

The protection module is used to protect the internal structure and flow of the screen;

Sand control module, used for fixed precision sand retaining, to achieve the first level of sand control;

The flow area control module is used to change the effect of the flow area and control the fluid flow;

The power module is used to provide power for the heating electric cavity.

Further, the sand control screen flow control system also includes:

The memory metal heating module is used to realize the heating of the heating chamber through the power transmission cable when the flow of the screen tube needs to be adjusted, and heat the memory metal;

The screen flow control module uses the two-way memory effect of the memory metal (recovers the shape of the high-temperature phase when heated, and restores the shape of the low-temperature phase when cooled), changes the position of the slider in the flow area control structure, and changes the flow area of the fluid , in order to realize the control of screen flow.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a sand control screen flow control method for operating the sand control screen flow control system. The sand control screen flow control method includes:

In the first step, the fluid enters the fixed-precision sand retaining layer through the rectangular through hole on the protection module, and performs the first-level sand control treatment. The fluid enters the flow area control module, and then enters the pipeline through the screen;

In the second step, when the flow of the screen tube needs to be adjusted, the heating cavity is supplied with power through the power transmission cable, the memory metal is heated, and the two-way memory effect of the memory metal is used to change the position of the slider in the flow area control structure, changing the Fluid flow area to achieve screen flow control.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a sand control screen flow control device installed with the sand control screen flow control system. The sand control screen flow control device includes: a central pipe, a fixed precision sand retaining layer, and an outer protective layer , flow area control structure, filling layer, middle layer. A nested structure is adopted between each layer, and the flow area control structure is embedded in the center tube, filling layer, and center layer. Its location and connections are shown in Figure 2.

The power transmission cable is laid in the filling layer between the central tube and the middle layer;

Further, the filling layer is filled with polymer pressure-resistant and heat-resistant materials;

Further, the flow area control structure includes: a fixed-precision sand retaining washer, a main body of the flow area control structure, a bracket, a screen, a slider, a heating cavity, and a memory metal;

Further, the fixed-precision sand retaining gasket is formed by overlapping multiple layers of screens;

Further, the slider, the heating cavity, and the main body of the flow area control structure are welded together and sealed;

Further, the fixed precision sand retaining layer is composed of multi-layer wire mesh;

Further, the outer protective layer is provided with rectangular through holes.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an oil well drilling tool equipped with the sand control screen flow control device.

Combining all the above-mentioned technical solutions, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention heats the memory metal through the heating cavity, uses the characteristics of the two-way memory of the memory metal, changes the position of the slider, and changes the flow area of the fluid , and finally change the fluid flow of the screen tube; the slider, the heating cavity, and the flow area control structure frame are welded together and must be sealed to ensure that the memory metal is heated by the heating cable in a closed space; double fixed precision sand retaining layer ( Fixed-precision sand-retaining layer, fixed-precision sand-retaining washer), high sand control reliability; the heating cavity has good elastic-plastic properties.

The present invention can real-time adjust the fluid flow flowing through the screen pipe in the oil production process, and the existing sand control screen pipe has no real-time adjustment function of the fluid flow. The invention provides a method for controlling oil well output at the sand control screen by utilizing the property of the memory metal. The fluid flow rate of the sand control screen can be adjusted in real time during the oil field production process. Compared with the existing sand control screen, the invention can control the flow rate of the sand control screen.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the sand control screen flow control method provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sand control screen flow control device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the outer protective layer, the fixed-precision sand-retaining layer, and the fixed-precision sand-retaining gasket of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the sand control screen flow area control structure of the controllable fluid flow of the present invention, among which Fig. 4 (a) flow state one; Fig. 4 (b) flow state two;

In the figure: 1. Outer protective layer; 2. Fixed precision sand retaining layer; 3. Fixed precision sand retaining washer; 4. Main body of flow area control structure; 5. Bracket; 6. Screen; 7. Intermediate layer; 8. Slider; 9. Filling layer; 10. Center tube; 11. Heating cavity; 12. Memory metal; 13. Power transmission cable; 14. Hole with threaded step groove.

Detailed ways

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.

Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a sand control screen flow control system, method, device, and oil well drilling tool. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The sand control screen flow control system provided by the example of the present invention includes:

The screen pipe and flow support module is used to support the entire screen pipe and flow.

The laying path filling module is used to provide laying paths for transmission cables.

The support module is used to protect the filling layer, support the fixed precision sand retaining layer and the outer protection layer.

The protection module is used to protect the internal structure and flow of the screen.

The sand control module is used for fixed precision sand blocking to achieve the first level of sand control.

The flow area control module is used to change the effect of the flow area and control the fluid flow.

The power module is used to provide power for the heating electric cavity.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the screen pipe and the overflow support module are the central pipe 10; the laying path filling module is the filling layer 9; the support module is the middle layer 7; the protection module is the outer protective layer with rectangular through holes; The sand control module is a fixed precision sand retaining module; the flow area control module is a flow area control structure (fixed precision sand retaining washer 3, flow area control structure main body 4, bracket 5, screen 6, slider 8, heating chamber 11 , memory metal 12); the power supply module is a power transmission cable.

As shown in Figure 1, the sand control screen flow control method provided by the example of the present invention includes the following steps:

S101: The fluid enters the fixed-precision sand retaining layer through the rectangular through-hole on the outer protective layer, and performs the first-level sand control treatment. The fluid enters the flow area control structure, and then enters the pipeline through the screen;

S102: When it is necessary to adjust the flow rate of the screen tube, supply power through the transmission cable to heat the heating cavity, heat the memory metal, and use the two-way memory effect of the memory metal (recover the shape of the high-temperature phase when heating, and restore the shape of the low-temperature phase when cooling) , changing the position of the slider in the flow area control structure, changing the flow area of the fluid, so as to realize the control of the screen flow.

The technical scheme of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, the sand control screen flow control device provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes: a central pipe 10, a fixed precision sand retaining layer 2, an outer protective layer 1, a flow area control structure (a fixed precision sand retaining washer 3. Flow area control structure main body 4, bracket 5, screen 6, slider 8, heating cavity 11, memory metal 12), filling layer 9, middle layer 7.

The central pipe 10 mainly supports the entire screen pipe and the flow-through function; the filling layer 9 mainly plays the role of providing the laying path for the transmission cable; the middle layer 7 mainly plays the role of support; the outer protective layer 1 has rectangular through holes on it , mainly to protect the internal structure of the screen and the flow; the fixed precision sand retaining 2 mainly plays the role of first-level sand control; the flow area control structure mainly plays the role of changing the flow area, and then controls the fluid flow; the power transmission cable 13 , to provide power for the heating electric cavity. Compared with the existing sand control screen, the present invention is characterized in that the flow rate of the sand control screen can be controlled.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flow area control structure is composed of a flow area control structure main body 4, a fixed precision sand retaining washer 3, a screen 6, a slider 8, a bracket 5, a memory metal 12, and a heating cavity 11 , heating the memory metal 12 through the heating cavity 11, changing the state of the memory metal 12, and then changing the position of the slider 8, changing the flow area of the fluid, and finally changing the fluid flow of the screen tube; the slider 8, the heating cavity 11, The main body 4 of the flow area control structure is welded together and must be sealed to ensure that the memory metal 12 is heated by the heating cable in a closed space; the heating cavity 11 has good elastic-plastic properties.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fixed-precision sand-retaining layer 2 is composed of overlapping layers of wire mesh. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, power is supplied to the heating cavity 11 through the power transmission cable 13, the memory metal 12 is heated, the state of the memory metal 12 is changed, the position of the slider 8 is changed, and the flow area of the fluid is changed, so as to realize the control of the fluid flow rate. Change.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the power transmission cable 13 is laid through a filling layer between the central tube 10 and the intermediate layer 7 .

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, double fixed precision sand retaining layers (fixed precision sand retaining layer 2, fixed precision sand retaining washer 3) are adopted, and the reliability of sand control is high; the fixed precision sand retaining washer 3 is composed of a multi-layer screen Overlapping.

In actual production, the fluid enters the fixed-precision sand retaining layer 2 through the rectangular through-hole on the outer protective layer 1 for the first-stage sand control treatment, the fluid enters the flow area control structure, and then enters the pipeline through the screen 6.

When it is necessary to adjust the flow rate of the screen tube, the heating chamber 11 is supplied with power through the power transmission cable 13, the memory metal 12 is heated, and the state of the memory metal 12 is changed, thereby changing the position of the slider 8 in the flow area control structure and changing the flow rate of the fluid. The flow area is used to control the flow of the screen. As shown in Fig. 4, when the position of the slide block 8 changes, the flow flowing into the screen decreases accordingly.

The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Anyone familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, whoever is within the spirit and principles of the present invention Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A sand control screen flow control system, characterized in that the sand control screen flow control system includes: a central tube for supporting the entire screen and flow; a filling layer for providing a laying path for power transmission cables; The layer is used to protect the filling layer, support the fixed precision sand retaining layer and the outer protective layer; the outer protective layer is used to protect the internal structure and flow of the screen pipe; the fixed precision sand retaining layer is used for fixed precision sand retaining, Realize the first level of sand control; the flow area control structure is used to change the function of the flow area and control the fluid flow. Block, heating cavity, memory metal; power transmission cable, used to provide power for the heating cavity; The memory metal heating module is used to realize that when the flow of the screen tube needs to be adjusted, the heating cavity is supplied with power through the power transmission cable to heat the memory metal; the screen tube flow control module uses the two-way memory effect of the memory metal to restore high temperature during heating The phase shape can restore the low-temperature phase shape when cooling, change the position of the slider in the flow area control structure, change the flow area of the fluid, and realize the control of the screen flow; The fluid enters the fixed-precision sand retaining layer through the rectangular through-hole on the outer protective layer, the fluid enters the flow area control structure, and then enters the pipeline through the screen. 2. A sand control screen flow control method for operating the sand control screen flow control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the sand control screen flow control method comprises: In the first step, the fluid enters the fixed-precision sand retaining layer through the rectangular through-hole on the outer protective layer, and performs the first-level sand control treatment. The fluid enters the flow area control structure, and then enters the pipeline through the screen; In the second step, when the flow of the screen tube needs to be adjusted, the heating cavity is supplied with power through the power transmission cable, and the memory metal is heated. According to the characteristics of its two-way memory, the position of the slider in the flow area control structure is changed, and the flow rate of the fluid is changed. The flow area is used to control the flow of the screen. 3. A sand control screen flow control device equipped with the sand control screen flow control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the sand control screen flow control device comprises: a central pipe, a fixed precision sand retaining layer, an outer protection Layer, flow area control structure, filling layer, middle layer; the filling layer between the central tube and the middle layer lays the transmission cable. 4. The sand control screen flow control device according to claim 3, wherein the flow area control structure comprises: a fixed precision sand retaining washer, a main body of the flow area control structure, a bracket, a screen, a slider, Heating cavity, memory metal. 5. The sand control screen flow control device according to claim 4, characterized in that, the fixed precision sand retaining gasket is formed by overlapping multiple layers of screens. 6. The sand control screen flow control device according to claim 4, characterized in that, the slider, the heating cavity, and the main body of the flow area control structure are welded together and sealed. 7. The sand control screen flow control device according to claim 3, characterized in that, the fixed-precision sand retaining layer is composed of overlapping layers of wire mesh. 8. The sand control screen flow control device according to claim 3, characterized in that, the outer protective layer is provided with rectangular through-holes. 9. An oil well drilling tool equipped with the sand control screen flow control device according to claim 3.

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