CN111869791A - 半胱胺镁作为一种动物饲料添加剂的应用 - Google Patents
半胱胺镁作为一种动物饲料添加剂的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111869791A CN111869791A CN202010637145.8A CN202010637145A CN111869791A CN 111869791 A CN111869791 A CN 111869791A CN 202010637145 A CN202010637145 A CN 202010637145A CN 111869791 A CN111869791 A CN 111869791A
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- magnesium
- cysteamine
- animal feed
- feed additive
- feed
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Abstract
本发明公开了半胱胺镁作为一种动物饲料添加剂的应用，属于动物饲料技术领域。本发明经过研究发现，半胱胺镁可以作为动物饲料添加剂，可以解决半胱胺的不稳定性和易氧化性，同时发挥半胱胺和镁的生理作用，具有饲喂成本低、有效成分吸收快、利用率高和饲喂效果好等优点，达到明显地促生长、提高瘦肉率和改善肉质的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及半胱胺镁作为一种动物饲料添加剂的应用，属于动物饲料技术领域。
背景技术
半胱胺又称巯基乙胺，是半胱氨酸脱羧的产物,辅酶A的组成部分，是动物体内的生命活性物质。半胱胺本身不稳定，在空气中易被氧化而破坏，其盐酸盐化学性质较稳定，但是半胱胺盐酸盐具有易吸潮、适口性差等缺点。半胱胺可以耗竭生长抑素,促进生长激素的分泌,提高生长激素水平，对动物具有不同程度的促生长作用。通过饲料中的合理添加后，还能提高饲料报酬，改善胴体品质。
镁，是动物体所必需的一种重要的微量元素，生物体内大多数营养物质的生化反应都有镁的参与，是机体内三百多种酶的活化因子或直接参与酶的组成，对机体免疫、抗氧化、抗应激等发挥重要功能。镁可以降低动物的应激反应，动物在运输、宰前等应激状态下添加镁会降低血浆中中皮质醇和儿茶酚胺的含量，从而减少应激的作用。添加镁可以提高猪肉的初始(宰后40min)pH值和宰后24小时的pH值，减少PSE猪肉(俗称水猪肉)的发生。同时，添加镁可以提高肌肉的系水率，提高肉质和嫩度，改善肉品质。
但目前，尚未有半胱胺和镁结合起来作为动物饲料添加剂的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足，提供半胱胺镁作为一种动物饲料添加剂的应用。本发明经过研究发现，半胱胺镁可以作为动物饲料添加剂，可以解决半胱胺的不稳定性和易氧化性，同时发挥半胱胺和镁的生理作用，具有饲喂成本低、有效成分吸收快、利用率高和饲喂效果好等优点，达到明显地促生长、提高瘦肉率和改善肉质的效果。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下：半胱胺镁作为一种动物饲料添加剂的应用。
本发明的原理是：
本申请经过研究发现，半胱胺镁结合了半胱胺与镁离子的作用，可以解决半胱胺的不稳定性和易氧化性，同时发挥半胱胺和镁的生理作用，能促进动物的生长，提高肉品质。因此，可以作为动物饲料添加剂。
本发明半胱胺镁在动物饲料添加剂中的应用的有益效果是：
本发明经过研究发现，半胱胺镁可以作为动物饲料添加剂，可以解决半胱胺的不稳定性和易氧化性，同时发挥半胱胺和镁的生理作用，具有饲喂成本低、有效成分被吸收快、利用率高和饲喂效果好等优点，达到明显的促生长、提高瘦肉率和改善肉质的效果。
在上述技术方案的基础上，本发明还可以做如下改进。
进一步，所述半胱胺镁由如下方法制备而成：
取25g-29g半胱胺盐酸盐，溶于200ml水中，搅拌至完全溶解；加入22g-26g含镁化合物，搅拌至完全溶解；缓慢逐渐加入20g氢氧化钠，调节pH值为8-12；室温下搅拌保温2h；真空抽滤，取滤饼，于80℃恒温干燥4h-6h，再碾碎至粒径为60目-100目，即得。
采用上述进一步的有益效果是：采用上述方法可以制备得到半胱胺镁，步骤简单，操作容易，成本低廉。
更进一步，所述含镁化合物为甘氨酸镁、蛋氨酸镁、赖氨酸镁、苏氨酸镁、异亮氨酸镁、亮氨酸镁、谷氨酸镁、胱氨酸镁、天冬氨酸镁、谷氨酰胺镁、蛋白镁、复合氨基酸镁、乳酸镁、柠檬酸镁、富马酸镁、甲酸镁、醋酸镁、丁酸镁、丙酸镁、硫酸镁、氧化镁、氢氧化镁、氯化镁、碱式氯化镁、碳酸镁、碳酸氢镁和磷酸镁中的任意一种或两种以上的混合物。
采用上述更进一步的有益效果是：上述含镁化合物均可以用来制备半胱胺镁，可以达到同样的技术效果。
进一步，所述半胱胺镁在每千克动物饲料中的添加量为10mg-1000mg。
采用上述进一步的有益效果是：本发明经过研究发现，在动物饲料采用上述含量的半胱胺镁，可以达到最佳的效果。
进一步，所述半胱胺镁制备动物饲料的方法为：将所述半胱胺镁直接添加到动物饲料中；或者与其它动物饲料添加剂、饲料原料和/或辅料制作成所述半胱胺镁重量含量为0.001％-99％的动物用口服剂和/或水混剂。
采用上述进一步的有益效果是：由本发明的半胱胺镁得到的动物饲料添加剂，可以采用多种方式来制备动物饲料，用户可以根据实际情况灵活选择，非常的便捷。本发明经过研究发现，在动物服用的口服剂和动物服用的水混剂中中采用上述重量含量的半胱胺镁，可以达到最佳的效果。动物用口服剂和/或水混剂可以给动物服用或者添加到饲料中。
更进一步，所述辅料包括载体、稀释剂和溶媒中的任意一种或多种的混合物。
进一步，所述动物饲料添加剂适用的动物为各个生长阶段的畜、禽、水产养殖动物、特种经济动物和宠物中的任意一种。
采用上述进一步的有益效果是：本发明的半胱胺镁，可以用于多种的畜、禽、水产养殖动物、特种经济动物和宠物，应用领域广泛，市场前景广阔。
术语解释：
1、饲料添加剂
本发明涉及的“饲料添加剂”是指在饲料加工、制作、使用过程中添加的少量或者微量物质，分为营养性饲料添加剂和一般饲料添加剂也叫非营养性饲料添加剂。营养性饲料添加剂是指添加到配合饲料中，平衡饲料养分，提高饲料利用率，直接对动物发挥营养作用的少量或微量物质，包括维生素、微量元素、氨基酸与小肽和非蛋白氮。一般饲料添加剂也叫非营养性添加剂，是指加入到饲料中用于改善饲料利用率、保证饲料质量和品质、有利于动物健康或代谢的一些非营养性物质，包括生长促进剂、驱虫保健剂、饲料调质剂、饲料调制剂、饲料贮藏剂和中草药添加剂。
2、动物
本发明涉及的“动物”是指不能将无机物合成有机物，只能以有机物作为食料，以进行摄食、消化、吸收、呼吸、循环、排泄、感觉、运动和繁殖等为生命活动的人或养殖动物。“养殖动物”包括家禽、家畜、水产养殖动物以及人工饲养合法捕获的其它动物包括宠物。“家畜”包括但不限于猪、牛、马、山羊、绵羊、兔和鹿。“家禽”包括但不限于鸡、鸭、鹅、鹌鹑和鸽。“水产养殖动物”包括但不限于鱼、虾、龟、鳖、牛蛙、鳝和泥鳅。“特种经济动物”是指野生的已经驯化成功，但未在生产中广泛运用的动物，包括但不限于貂、貉和狐狸。“宠物”包括但不限于各个亚种的狗和猫。
3、载体
本发明涉及的“载体”是指能够承载活性成分，改善其分散性，并有良好的化学稳定性和吸附性的可饲用物质，为有机载体和无机载体。所述有机载体是含粗纤维多的物料，包括但不限于玉米粉、玉米芯粉、麦麸、稻壳粉、脱脂米糠、统糠、玉米秸秆粉和花生壳粉。所述无机载体是矿物质，主要分为钙盐类和硅的氧化物类，用于微量元素预混料的制作，包括但不限于碳酸钙、硅酸盐、蛭石、沸石和海泡石。
4、稀释剂
本发明涉及的“稀释剂”是指将添加剂原料均匀分布于物料中，将高浓度的添加剂原料稀释为低浓度的预混剂或预混料的物质，可将微量成分彼此分开，减少活性成分之间的相互反应，以增加活性成分的稳定性但不影响有关物质的物化性质，为有机稀释剂和无机稀释剂。有机稀释剂包括但不限于玉米粉、去胚玉米粉、右旋糖(葡萄糖)、蔗糖、带有麸皮的粗小麦粉、炒大豆粉、次粉和玉米蛋白粉；无机稀释剂包括但不限于石灰石、磷酸二氢钙、贝壳粉、高岭土(白陶土)、食盐和硫酸钠。
5、溶媒
本发明涉及的“溶媒”是指溶解或分散固体所需的溶剂，包括但不限于水、乙醇和甘油。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的原理和特征进行描述，所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
本实施例的半胱胺镁由如下方法制备而成：取25g半胱胺盐酸盐，溶于200ml水中，搅拌至完全溶解；加入22g七水硫酸镁，搅拌至完全溶解；缓慢逐渐加入20g氢氧化钠，调节pH值为8；室温下搅拌保温2h；真空抽滤，取滤饼，于80℃恒温干燥4h，再碾碎至粒径为60目-100目，即得。
本实施例的半胱胺镁作为育肥猪用饲料添加剂的应用，该育肥猪用饲料添加剂是半胱胺镁重量含量为50％的预混剂。
试验选用体重约65kg的健康育肥猪108头，随机分为3个组，每组6个重复，每重复6头(公母各半)，3个组的育肥猪分别饲喂：(1)基础饲粮(不添加半胱胺镁)、(2)每千克饲粮中加入300mg半胱胺镁、(3)每千克饲粮中加入500mg半胱胺镁。试验期间，育肥猪自由采食和饮水，其他饲养管理按照常规饲养管理规程进行，试验周期60天。试验结束后，每组随机抽取1只进行屠宰，测定胴体重、屠宰率、肌肉pH(45min和24h)、系水率。试验结果如表1。
表1半胱胺镁对育肥猪生长性能、屠宰指标和肉品质的影响
结果表明，饲粮中添加半胱胺镁提高了育肥猪的平均日增重和平均日采食量，降低了料重比。从生长性能指标分析，与对照组相比，添加300mg/kg半胱胺镁和500mg/kg半胱胺镁平均日增重分别提高了5.42％和5.65％，平均日采食量分别提高了1.59％和0.85％，料重比分别降低了3.64％和4.55％。从屠宰指标分析，与对照组相比，添加300mg/kg半胱胺镁和500mg/kg半胱胺镁胴体重分别提高了2.77％和4.09％，屠宰率分别提高了0.98％和1.72％。从肉品质指标分析，与对照组相比，肌肉pH(45min)和肌肉pH(24h)变化不大，略高于对照组，系水率分别提高了0.65％和1.30％。综合分析发现，饲粮中添加半胱胺镁促进育肥猪生长，提高了胴体重和屠宰率，同时提高了猪肉品质。
实施例2
本实施例的半胱胺镁由如下方法制备而成：取27g半胱胺盐酸盐，溶于200ml水中，搅拌至完全溶解；加入24g蛋氨酸镁，搅拌至完全溶解；缓慢逐渐加入20g氢氧化钠，调节pH值为10；室温下搅拌保温2h；真空抽滤，取滤饼，于80℃恒温干燥5h，再碾碎至粒径为80目，即得。
本实施例的半胱胺镁作为肉鸡用饲料添加剂的应用，该肉鸡用饲料添加剂是半胱胺镁重量含量为50％的预混剂。试验选用体重相近的健康的1日龄艾拔益加(AA肉鸡)216只，随机分为3个组，每组6个重复，每重复12只鸡(公母各半)，3个组的肉鸡分别饲喂：(1)基础饲粮(不添加半胱胺镁)、(2)每千克饲粮中加入25mg半胱胺镁、(3)每千克饲粮中加入50mg半胱胺镁。试验期间，自由采食和饮水，其他饲养管理按照常规饲养管理规程进行，试验周期共42天，试验分为1-21天，22-42天。试验42天结束后，每个重复随机抽取1只进行屠宰，测定胸肌肌肉pH(45min和24h)、剪切值。试验结果如表2。
表2半胱胺镁对肉鸡生产性能和肉品质的影响
结果表明，从生长性能指标分析，与对照组相比，1-21天、22-42天、1-42天肉鸡不同生长阶段，添加25mg/kg半胱胺镁和50mg/kg半胱胺镁都提高了平均日增重、平均日采食量，降低了料重比。从肉品质指标分析，与对照组相比，添加25mg/kg半胱胺镁和50mg/kg半胱胺镁肌肉pH(45min)分别提高了6.12％和6.60％，肌肉pH(24h)分别提高了6.28％和6.63％，剪切值分别降低了11.86％和14.69％。综合分析发现，饲粮中添加半胱胺镁提高肉鸡的生长性能，提升了肉品质。
该饲料添加剂经本申请发明人多年反复饲养实验、测试，调节原材料各组分比例，取得了本发明所述效果。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.半胱胺镁作为一种动物饲料添加剂的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述半胱胺镁由如下方法制备而成：
取25g-29g半胱胺盐酸盐，溶于200ml水中，搅拌至完全溶解；加入22g-26g含镁化合物，搅拌至完全溶解；缓慢逐渐加入20g氢氧化钠，调节pH值为8-12；室温下搅拌保温2h；真空抽滤，取滤饼，于80℃恒温干燥4h-6h，再碾碎至粒径为60目-100目，即得。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用，其特征在于，所述含镁化合物为甘氨酸镁、蛋氨酸镁、赖氨酸镁、苏氨酸镁、异亮氨酸镁、亮氨酸镁、谷氨酸镁、胱氨酸镁、天冬氨酸镁、谷氨酰胺镁、蛋白镁、复合氨基酸镁、乳酸镁、柠檬酸镁、富马酸镁、甲酸镁、醋酸镁、丁酸镁、丙酸镁、硫酸镁、氧化镁、氢氧化镁、氯化镁、碱式氯化镁、碳酸镁、碳酸氢镁和磷酸镁中的任意一种或两种以上的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述半胱胺镁在每千克动物饲料中的添加量为10mg-1000mg。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述半胱胺镁制备动物饲料的方法为：将所述半胱胺镁直接添加到动物饲料中；或者与其它动物饲料添加剂、饲料原料和/或辅料制作成所述半胱胺镁重量含量为0.001％-99％的动物用口服剂和/或水混剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用，其特征在于，所述辅料包括载体、稀释剂和溶媒中的任意一种或多种的混合物。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的应用，其特征在于，所述动物饲料添加剂适用的动物为各个生长阶段的畜、禽、水产养殖动物、特种经济动物和宠物中的任意一种。
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