CN111864869A - AC charging and power supply circuit - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an alternating current charging and power supply circuit which comprises a voltage reduction block, a rectifier block, a switch battery block and a controller. The voltage reduction block receives alternating current, the rectifier block is electrically connected with the voltage reduction block, the rectifier block is provided with a rectification voltage output end and a grounding end, the switch battery block is electrically connected between the power supply end and the grounding end, the switch battery block comprises a first diode, an electric control switch and a battery, the anode of the first diode is electrically connected with the rectification voltage output end, the cathode of the first diode is electrically connected with the power supply end, and the electric control switch and the battery are electrically connected between the first diode and the grounding end. The controller is electrically connected between the power supply end and the grounding end and used for controlling the opening and closing of the electric control switch so as to realize automatic switching.

Description

AC charging and power supply circuit

technical field

The present invention relates to a circuit, and more particularly, to an AC charging and power supply circuit.

Background technique

At present, the rechargeable electric mosquito swatters on the market mainly use lead-acid batteries, because the cost of lead-acid batteries is low. According to usage habits, many people feel that the battery life of rechargeable mosquito swatters is short. Because electric mosquito swatters are regarded as cheap consumables, when the battery is broken, most people directly discard the electric mosquito swatter and buy a new one, causing waste. Lead-acid batteries directly into incinerators or landfills may cause heavy metal pollution.

One of the important reasons for the short battery life is that the battery is overcharged, and the hydrogen and oxygen produced by the electrolysis of water that has not been absorbed can cause the battery to leak or damage the electrode plates. Because the electric mosquito swatter is a low-cost daily necessities and has volume restrictions, the general charging circuit uses a simple resistor + capacitor + rectifier, and there is no protection from full charge and power outage. In order to avoid the risk of explosion, it is generally charged slowly with a current of about 20-40mA, and it takes several hours to fully charge. Because of the long charging time, it is easy to forget. Generally, the lead-acid battery electric mosquito swatter does not have a fully charged display, and the user does not know how long it will take to charge; or some people are used to charging before going to bed, and the charging time is too long.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention proposes an AC charging and power supply circuit to improve the problems of the prior art.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the AC charging and power supply circuit proposed by the present invention includes a step-down block, a rectifier block, a switch battery block, and a controller. The step-down block is electrically connected to the AC power supply, the rectifier block is electrically connected to the step-down block, the rectifier block has a rectified voltage output terminal and a ground terminal, the switch battery block is electrically connected between the power supply terminal and the ground terminal, and the switch The battery block includes a first diode, an electronically controlled switch and a battery. The anode of the first diode is electrically connected to the rectified voltage output terminal, the cathode of the first diode is electrically connected to the power supply terminal, and the electronically controlled switch is electrically connected to the battery. is electrically connected between the first diode and the ground terminal. The controller is electrically connected between the power supply terminal and the ground terminal, and the controller is used to control the opening and closing of the electronically controlled switch.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the AC charging and power supply circuit further includes a Zener diode. The anode of the Zener diode is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and the cathode of the Zener diode is electrically connected to the power supply terminal.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the AC charging and power supply circuit further includes a stabilizing capacitor. The stabilizing capacitor is electrically connected between the power supply end and the ground end.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the AC charging and power supply circuit further includes a first resistor and a second resistor. One end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the output end of the rectified voltage, one end of the second resistor is electrically connected to the other end of the first resistor, and the other end of the second resistor is electrically connected to the ground terminal, wherein the input pin of the controller is electrically connected connecting the other end of the first resistor and the end of the second resistor.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the switch battery block further includes a manual switch. The manual switch is connected in series with the battery.

In one embodiment of the invention, the switch cell block further includes a resistor. The two ends of the resistor are respectively electrically connected to the controller and the electronically controlled switch, the electronically controlled switch is an NPN bipolar junction transistor, and the collector of the NPN bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode , the base of the NPN bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to the resistor, the emitter of the NPN bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to one end of the battery, and the other end of the battery is electrically connected to the ground terminal. The terminals are respectively electrically connected to the collector and the emitter of the NPN bipolar junction transistor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the switch cell block further includes a resistor. The two ends of the resistor are respectively electrically connected to the controller and the electronically controlled switch. The electronically controlled switch is a PNP type bipolar junction transistor, one end of the battery is electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode, and the other end of the battery is electrically connected to The emitter of the PNP bipolar junction transistor, the base of the PNP bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to the resistor, the collector of the PNP bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and the two terminals of the manual switch are electrically connected to the ground. The terminals are respectively electrically connected to the emitter and the collector of the PNP bipolar junction transistor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the switch cell block further includes a resistor. The two ends of the resistor are respectively electrically connected to the controller and the electronically controlled switch, the electronically controlled switch is an NPN bipolar junction transistor, and the collector of the NPN bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to the anode of the first diode , the base of the NPN bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to the resistor, the emitter of the NPN bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to one end of the battery, and the other end of the battery is electrically connected to the ground terminal. The terminals are respectively electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode and the terminal of the battery.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the switch cell block further includes a second diode. The electronically controlled switch is an N-type metal oxide semiconductor, one end of the battery is electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode, the other end of the battery is electrically connected to the anode of the second diode, and the cathode of the second diode is electrically connected to N The drain of the N-type metal-oxide semiconductor, a gate of the N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor is electrically connected to the controller, the source of the N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and the two ends of the manual switch are respectively electrically connected to the second diode The anode of the tube and the source of the N-type metal oxide semiconductor.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the switch cell block further includes a second diode. The electronically controlled switch is a P-type metal-oxide semiconductor, a source of the P-type metal-oxide semiconductor is electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode, the gate of the P-type metal-oxide semiconductor is electrically connected to the controller, and the The drain is electrically connected to the anode of the second diode, a cathode of the second diode is electrically connected to one end of the battery, the other end of the battery is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and the two ends of the manual switch are respectively electrically connected to the P-type gold The source of the oxygen semiconductor and the cathode of the second diode.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the switch cell block further includes a second diode. The electronically controlled switch is a P-type metal oxide semiconductor, a source of the P-type metal oxide semiconductor is electrically connected to the anode of the first diode, the gate of the P-type metal oxide semiconductor is electrically connected to the controller, and the The drain is electrically connected to the anode of the second diode, the cathode of the second diode is electrically connected to one end of the battery, the other end of the battery is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and the two ends of the manual switch are respectively electrically connected to the first diode The cathode of the tube and the cathode of the second diode.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the switch battery block further includes a second diode and a resistor. The two ends of the resistor are respectively electrically connected to the controller and the electronically controlled switch. The electronically controlled switch is an NPN two-carrier junction transistor, the cathode of the first diode is electrically connected to one end of the battery, and the other end of the battery is electrically connected to The anode of the second diode, the cathode of the second diode is electrically connected to the collector of the NPN bipolar junction transistor, the base of the NPN bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to the resistor, and the NPN bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to the base. The emitter of the carrier junction transistor is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and the two ends of the manual switch are respectively electrically connected to the anode of the second diode and the emitter of the NPN dual carrier junction transistor.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the switch battery block further includes a second diode and a resistor. Two ends of the resistor are respectively electrically connected to the controller and the electronically controlled switch, the electronically controlled switch is a PNP type bipolar junction transistor, and the cathode of the first diode is electrically connected to one of the PNP type bipolar junction transistors. The emitter, a base of the PNP bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to the resistor, a collector of the PNP bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to an anode of the second diode, and the second diode A cathode of the battery is electrically connected to one end of the battery, the other end of the battery is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and both ends of the manual switch are respectively electrically connected to the emitter of the PNP bipolar junction transistor and the end of the battery.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the switch battery block further includes a second diode and a resistor. The two ends of the resistor are respectively electrically connected to the controller and the electronically controlled switch. The electronically controlled switch is a PNP type bipolar junction transistor, and the anode of the first diode is electrically connected to the emitter of the PNP type bipolar junction transistor. , the base of the PNP bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to the resistor, the collector of the PNP bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to the anode of the second diode, and the cathode of the second diode is electrically connected One end of the battery and the other end of the battery are electrically connected to the ground terminal, and two ends of the manual switch are respectively electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode and the end of the battery.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the switch cell block further includes a second diode. The electronically controlled switch is an N-type metal-oxide semiconductor, the anode of the second diode is electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode, and a cathode of the second diode is electrically connected to the drain of the N-type metal-oxide semiconductor, and the N-type The gate of the metal oxide semiconductor is electrically connected to the controller, the source of the N-type metal oxide semiconductor is electrically connected to one end of the battery, the other end of the battery is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and the two ends of the manual switch are respectively electrically connected to the second diode The anode of the tube and the source of the N-type metal oxide semiconductor.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the switch cell block further includes a second diode. The electronically controlled switch is a P-type metal-oxide semiconductor, the cathode of the first diode is electrically connected to one end of the battery, the other end of the battery is electrically connected to the source of the P-type metal-oxide-semiconductor, and the gate of the P-type metal-oxide-semiconductor is electrically connected Connect to the controller, the drain of the P-type metal oxide semiconductor is electrically connected to the anode of the second diode, the cathode of the second diode is grounded, and the two ends of the manual switch are respectively electrically connected to the source of the P-type metal oxide semiconductor with the cathode of the second diode.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the switch cell block further includes a second diode. The electronically controlled switch is an N-type metal-oxide semiconductor, the anode of the first diode is electrically connected to the anode of the second diode, the cathode of the second diode is electrically connected to the drain of the N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor, and the N-type gold The gate of the oxygen semiconductor is electrically connected to the controller, the source of the N-type metal oxide semiconductor is electrically connected to one end of the battery, the other end of the battery is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and the two ends of the manual switch are respectively electrically connected to the first diode The cathode and the source of the N-type metal oxide semiconductor.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the AC charging and power supply circuit further includes a light-emitting element. The light-emitting element is electrically connected to the controller.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the step-down block is a capacitor.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the step-down block includes a capacitor and a resistor, and the resistor is connected in parallel with the capacitor.

To sum up, the technical solution of the present invention has obvious advantages and beneficial effects compared with the prior art. Compared with the traditional method, the technical solution of the present invention has the following features: 1. Power off when fully charged; 2. Display during charging and fully charged; 3. No manual switch is required during charging/general use, and the switch is automatic; 4. . The line is simple.

The above descriptions will be described in detail below with embodiments, and further explanations will be provided to the technical solutions of the present invention.

Description of drawings

In order to make the above and other objects, features, advantages and embodiments of the present invention more clearly understood, the accompanying drawings are described as follows:

1 is a circuit block diagram of an AC charging and power supply circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a circuit block diagram of a switch battery block according to an embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a circuit block diagram of a switch battery block according to an embodiment of the present invention;

4 is a circuit block diagram of a switch battery block according to an embodiment of the present invention;

5 is a circuit block diagram of a switch battery block according to an embodiment of the present invention;

6 is a circuit block diagram of a switch battery block according to an embodiment of the present invention;

7 is a circuit block diagram of a switching battery block according to an embodiment of the present invention;

8 is a circuit block diagram of a switch battery block according to an embodiment of the present invention;

9 is a circuit block diagram of a switch battery block according to an embodiment of the present invention;

10 is a circuit block diagram of a switching battery block according to an embodiment of the present invention;

11 is a circuit block diagram of a switch battery block according to an embodiment of the present invention;

12 is a circuit block diagram of a switch battery block according to an embodiment of the present invention;

13 is a circuit block diagram of a switching battery block according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 14 is a circuit block diagram of a step-down block according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

For a more detailed and complete description of the present invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and the various embodiments described below, in which like numerals represent the same or similar elements. On the other hand, well-known elements and procedures have not been described in the embodiments in order not to unnecessarily limit the present invention.

In the embodiments and claims, the description related to "connection" can generally mean that an element is indirectly coupled to another element through other elements, or an element is directly connected to another element without passing through other elements .

In the embodiments and claims, the description related to "connection" can generally mean that an element is indirectly connected to another element through other elements, or that an element is physically connected to another element without passing through other elements. a component.

In the embodiments and the claims, unless the content of the article is particularly limited, "a" and "the" can generally refer to a single or plural.

As used herein, "about", "approximately" or "approximately" is used to modify any quantity which may vary slightly, but which does not alter its essence. If there is no special description in the embodiment, the error range representing the numerical value modified by "about", "approximately" or "approximately" is generally allowed within 20%, preferably within 10%. within, and more preferably within five percent.

FIG. 1 is a circuit block diagram of an AC charging and power supply circuit 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the rectifier block 120 is electrically connected to the step-down block 110 . The rectifier block 120 has a rectified voltage output terminal 121 and a ground terminal 122 , the ground terminal 122 corresponds to the ground terminal VSS, and the switch battery block 130 is electrically Connected between the power supply terminal VDD and the ground terminal 122 , the controller 140 is electrically connected between the power supply terminal VDD and the ground terminal 122 .

In an embodiment of the present invention, the controller 140 is a microcontroller (MCU), and the controller 140 has an input pin AC_IN (representing an input pin for a rectified voltage) and a charging pin CHA (representing a battery area for controlling the switch battery) The component symbols used in the charging pins of block 130 are for convenience of explanation, and the general-purpose I/O pins are named according to their functions, which do not represent the actual code names of the MCU pins.

During operation, if the step-down block 110 is used for receiving alternating current AC, the rectified voltage output terminal 121 of the rectifier block 120 provides a rectified voltage to charge the switch battery block 130, and the controller 140 determines whether the voltage of the power supply terminal VDD is greater than the target When the voltage of the power supply terminal VDD is greater than or equal to the target voltage, the controller 140 turns off the switch battery block 130 so that the switch battery block 130 stops receiving the rectified voltage provided by the rectified voltage output terminal 121 .

In practice, in order to reduce costs and facilitate charging and use of electric mosquito swatters, the controller 140 can directly detect the voltage during closed circuit charging, which is only suitable for slow charging with about 1/20-1/10 of the battery capacity. current, too much current will affect the reading of the battery voltage. For example, the charging current of 400mAh is 20-40mA. The voltage of the battery in the switch battery block 130 is the highest when it is just charged, and gradually drops to a stable voltage after several hours, followed by a slow voltage drop of self-discharge. Generally, when the battery is closed-circuit charged to 4.4-4.5v, the open-circuit voltage can be stably maintained at 4.2v. It should be understood that the above voltages may require static/dynamic adjustments due to different battery conditions. Whether to adjust the target voltage can be determined by detecting the voltage rise.

FIG. 2 is a circuit block diagram of a switch battery block 130 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2 , the anode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the rectified voltage output terminal 121 , the cathode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the power supply terminal VDD, and the electronically controlled switch (eg, NPN type dual carrier connection The surface transistor 220) and the battery 230 are electrically connected between the first diode D1 and the ground terminal. The manual switch SW is connected in series with the battery 230 . The controller 140 is used to control the opening and closing of the electronically controlled switch.

In FIG. 2 , both ends of the resistor 210 are electrically connected to the controller 140 and the electronically controlled switch, respectively. is electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode D1, the base of the NPN bipolar junction transistor 220 is electrically connected to the resistor 210, the emitter of the NPN bipolar junction transistor 220 is electrically connected to one end of the battery 230, The other end of the battery 230 is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and the two ends of the manual switch SW are electrically connected to the collector and the emitter of the NPN bipolar junction transistor 220 respectively.

的电压互为反相，熟悉此项技艺者当视当时需要，弹性选择之。FIG. 3 is a circuit block diagram of a switch battery block 130 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3 , the anode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the rectified voltage output terminal 121 , the cathode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the power supply terminal VDD, and an electronically controlled switch (eg, a PNP type dual carrier terminal) is electrically connected to the power supply terminal VDD. The surface transistor 320) and the battery 330 are electrically connected between the first diode D1 and the ground terminal. The manual switch SW is connected in series with the battery 330 . It should be understood that the voltage of the charging pin CHA in this case is related to the charging pin

The voltages of the two are opposite to each other, and those who are familiar with the art should flexibly choose them according to the needs of the time.

In FIG. 3 , the two ends of the resistor 310 are electrically connected to the controller 140 and the electronically controlled switch, respectively. The electronically controlled switch is a PNP type bipolar junction transistor 320 , and one end of the battery 330 is electrically connected to the first diode D1 The cathode of the battery 330 is electrically connected to the emitter of the PNP bipolar junction transistor 320, the base of the PNP bipolar junction transistor 320 is electrically connected to the resistor 310, and the PNP bipolar junction is electrically connected to the resistor 310. The collector of the transistor 320 is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and both ends of the manual switch SW are electrically connected to the emitter and the collector of the PNP bipolar junction transistor 320 respectively.

FIG. 4 is a circuit block diagram of a switch battery block 130 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4 , the anode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the rectified voltage output terminal 121 , the cathode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the power supply terminal VDD, and the electronically controlled switch (eg, NPN type dual carrier connection The surface transistor 420) and the battery 430 are electrically connected between the first diode D1 and the ground terminal. The manual switch SW is connected in series with the battery.

In FIG. 4 , both ends of the resistor 410 are electrically connected to the controller 140 and the electronically controlled switch, respectively. The electronically controlled switch is an NPN bipolar junction transistor 420 , and the collector of the NPN bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to the anode of the first diode D1, the base of the NPN bipolar junction transistor 420 is electrically connected to the resistor 410, the emitter of the NPN bipolar junction transistor 420 is electrically connected to one end of the battery 430, The other end of the battery 430 is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and the two ends of the manual switch SW are respectively electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode D1 and the end of the battery 430 .

Comparing the structures in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, the switch battery block 130 is in the dotted line in Fig. 2, there are batteries on the charging loop, and the NPN dual-carrier junction transistor 220 is connected in series between the power supply terminal VDD and the ground terminal, so the power supply is The voltage of the terminal VDD=V battery+V _CE , wherein V battery is the voltage of the battery 230 , and V _CE is the voltage from the collector to the emitter of the NPN bipolar junction transistor 220 . In the circuit of the NPN type dual carrier junction transistor 220 (eg 2N3904), the V _CE is about 0.88v. Therefore, assuming that the charging is to reach 4.4v, the charging stop voltage of the power supply terminal VDD to be detected by the controller 140 is 4.4+0.88=5.28v. The base-to-emitter PN structure of the NPN bipolar junction transistor 220 can prevent the battery from leaking to the power supply terminal VDD when it is not charged. In the actual measurement impedance calculation, the leakage current of the NPN dual-carrier junction transistor 220 (such as: 2N3904) is about 1.002nA. Calculated with the battery capacity of 400mAh, it takes 45570 years to leak light, so it can be ignored. If the charging loop is placed on the anode of the first diode D1 as shown in FIG. 4 , the charging voltage of the battery 430 will increase, but the voltage reading of the battery 430 will be less accurate. The manual switch SW must be able to directly connect the battery 430 to the power supply terminal VDD, the current will be weakened through the first diode D1, and the output of the electric mosquito swatter will be much weaker.

FIG. 5 is a circuit block diagram of a switch battery block 130 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5 , the anode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the rectified voltage output terminal 121 , the cathode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the power supply terminal VDD, and an electronically controlled switch (eg, an N-type metal oxide semiconductor 520 ) and the battery 530 are electrically connected between the first diode D1 and the ground terminal. The manual switch SW is connected in series with the battery.

In FIG. 5, the electronically controlled switch is an N-type metal oxide semiconductor 520, one end of the battery is electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode D1, the other end of the battery 530 is electrically connected to the anode of the second diode D2, and the second The cathode of the diode D2 is electrically connected to the drain of the N-type metal oxide semiconductor 520, the gate of the N-type metal oxide semiconductor 520 is electrically connected to the controller 140, and the source of the N-type metal oxide semiconductor 520 is electrically connected to the ground terminal. Two ends of the manual switch SW are respectively electrically connected to the anode of the second diode D2 and the source of the N-type metal oxide semiconductor 520 .

图4的双载子接面晶体管(BJT)高一些。回路里面的第二二极管D2是防止没充电时，电池530的电经由N型金氧半导体520内部的漏极至源极的本体二极管导通放电。一般200mA的二极管漏电流约0.1uA，以电池400mAh容量计算，需要约456年电才会漏光，所以可忽略。If the switch battery block 130 uses the N-type metal oxide semiconductor 520 + the second diode D2 as shown in FIG. 5 , the voltage of the power supply terminal VDD=V battery + V _DS +V _D2 , where V battery is the voltage of the battery 530 , V _DS is the voltage from the drain to the source of the N-type metal oxide semiconductor 520, and V _D2 is the voltage of the second diode D2. V _DS +V _D2 is about 0.76V. The voltage drop is relatively low, so the charging efficiency will be as shown in Figure 2 above

The bipolar junction transistor (BJT) of Figure 4 is taller. The second diode D2 in the loop prevents the battery 530 from being turned on and discharged through the body diode from the drain to the source inside the N-type metal oxide semiconductor 520 when it is not charged. Generally, the leakage current of a 200mA diode is about 0.1uA. Calculated with a battery capacity of 400mAh, it takes about 456 years to leak light, so it can be ignored.

FIG. 6 is a circuit block diagram of a switch battery block 130 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6 , the anode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the rectified voltage output terminal 121 , the cathode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the power supply terminal, and an electronically controlled switch (eg, P-type metal oxide semiconductor 620 ) The battery 630 is electrically connected between the first diode D1 and the ground terminal. The manual switch SW is connected in series with the battery 630 .

In FIG. 6 , the electronically controlled switch is a P-type metal-oxide-semiconductor 620, the source of the P-type metal-oxide-semiconductor 620 is electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode D1, and the gate of the P-type metal-oxide-semiconductor 620 is electrically connected to control In the device 140, the drain of the P-type metal oxide semiconductor 620 is electrically connected to the anode of the second diode D2, the cathode of the second diode D2 is electrically connected to one end of the battery 630, and the other end of the battery 630 is electrically connected to the ground terminal , the two ends of the manual switch SW are respectively electrically connected to the source of the P-type metal oxide semiconductor 620 and the cathode of the second diode D2.

FIG. 7 is a circuit block diagram of a switch battery block 130 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7 , the anode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the rectified voltage output terminal 121 , and the cathode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the power supply terminal VDD. ) and the battery 730 are electrically connected between the first diode D1 and the ground terminal. The manual switch SW is connected in series with the battery 730 .

In FIG. 7 , the electronically controlled switch is a P-type metal-oxide-semiconductor 720, the source of the P-type metal-oxide-semiconductor 720 is electrically connected to the anode of the first diode D1, and the gate of the P-type metal-oxide-semiconductor 720 is electrically connected to control In the device 140, the drain of the P-type metal oxide semiconductor 720 is electrically connected to the anode of the second diode D2, the cathode of the second diode D2 is electrically connected to one end of the battery 730, and the other end of the battery 730 is electrically connected to the ground terminal , the two ends of the manual switch SW are respectively electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode D1 and the cathode of the second diode D2.

图10的线路是前面的双载子接面晶体管(BJT)线路的晶体管变换位置。此顺序BJT的基极至集极为PN接面顺向导通，电池的电可能会经由控制器140的接脚CHA形成回路漏电，所以需要一个第二二极管D2。如果控制器140的接脚没有漏电的问题，就不需要第二二极管D2。Bottom picture 8

The circuit of Figure 10 is the transistor switching position of the previous bi-junction junction transistor (BJT) circuit. The base-to-collector PN junction of this sequence of BJTs conducts in the forward direction, and the battery power may form a loop leakage through the pin CHA of the controller 140 , so a second diode D2 is required. If the pin of the controller 140 has no leakage problem, the second diode D2 is not needed.

FIG. 8 is a circuit block diagram of a switch battery block 130 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 8 , the anode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the rectified voltage output terminal 121 , the cathode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the power supply terminal VDD, and the electronically controlled switch (eg, NPN type dual carrier connection The surface transistor 820) and the battery 830 are electrically connected between the first diode D1 and the ground terminal. The manual switch SW is connected in series with the battery 830 .

In FIG. 8 , both ends of the resistor 810 are electrically connected to the controller 140 and the electronically controlled switch, respectively, the electronically controlled switch is an NPN two-carrier junction transistor 820 , and the cathode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the battery 830 . one end of the battery 830, the other end of the battery 830 is electrically connected to the anode of the second diode D2, the cathode of the second diode D2 is electrically connected to the collector of the NPN bipolar junction transistor 820, and the NPN bipolar junction The base of the surface transistor 820 is electrically connected to the resistor 810, the emitter of the NPN bipolar junction transistor 820 is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and the two ends of the manual switch SW are respectively electrically connected to the anode of the second diode D2 and the ground. The emitter of the NPN bipolar junction transistor 820 .

FIG. 9 is a circuit block diagram of a switch battery block 130 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 9 , the anode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the rectified voltage output terminal 121 , the cathode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the power supply terminal VDD, and an electronically controlled switch (eg, a PNP type dual carrier terminal) is electrically connected to the power supply terminal VDD. The surface transistor 920) and the battery 930 are electrically connected between the first diode D1 and the ground terminal. The manual switch SW is connected in series with the battery 930 .

In FIG. 9 , both ends of the resistor 910 are electrically connected to the controller 140 and the electronically controlled switch, respectively. The electronically controlled switch is a PNP type two-carrier junction transistor 920 , and the cathode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the PNP. The emitter of the bipolar junction transistor 920, the base of the PNP bipolar junction transistor 920 is electrically connected to the resistor 910, and the collector of the PNP bipolar junction transistor 920 is electrically connected to the second diode The anode of the tube D2 and the cathode of the second diode D2 are electrically connected to one end of the battery 930, the other end of the battery 930 is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and the two ends of the manual switch SW are respectively electrically connected to the PNP bipolar junction transistor The emitter of 920 is connected to this end of battery 930.

FIG. 10 is a circuit block diagram of a switch battery block 130 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 10 , the anode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the rectified voltage output terminal 121 , the cathode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the power supply terminal VDD, and an electronically controlled switch (such as a PNP type dual carrier terminal) is electrically connected. The surface transistor 1020) and the battery 1030 are electrically connected between the first diode D1 and the ground terminal. The manual switch SW is connected in series with the battery 1030 .

In FIG. 10 , the two ends of the resistor 1030 are electrically connected to the controller 140 and the electronically controlled switch, respectively. The electronically controlled switch is a PNP type dual junction transistor 1020 , and the anode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the PNP type. The emitter of the bipolar junction transistor 1020, the base of the PNP bipolar junction transistor 1020 is electrically connected to the resistor 1010, and the collector of the PNP bipolar junction transistor 1020 is electrically connected to the second diode The anode of D2 and the cathode of the second diode D2 are electrically connected to one end of the battery 1030, the other end of the battery 1030 is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and the two ends of the manual switch SW are respectively electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode D1 and the The end of the battery 1030.

图13的线路是前面的金氧半导体(MOSFET)线路的晶体管变换位置。应了解到，若电池造成栅极至源极的电压差(V_GS)太小(约1.0v)而漏极至源极的电流(I_DS)不足，可以采用低临界电压(V_th)规格的MOSFET。Bottom Figure 11

The circuit of Figure 13 is the transistor switching position of the previous metal oxide semiconductor (MOSFET) circuit. It should be understood that if the battery causes the gate-to-source voltage difference (V _GS ) to be too small (about 1.0v) and the drain-to-source current (I _DS ) is insufficient, a low threshold voltage (V _th ) specification can be used MOSFET.

FIG. 11 is a circuit block diagram of a switch battery block 130 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 11 , the anode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the rectified voltage output terminal 121 , the cathode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the power supply terminal VDD, and an electronically controlled switch (eg, an N-type metal oxide semiconductor 1120 ) and the battery 1130 are electrically connected between the first diode D1 and the ground terminal. The manual switch SW is connected in series with the battery 1130 .

In FIG. 11 , the electronically controlled switch is an N-type metal oxide semiconductor 1120, the anode of the second diode D2 is electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode D1, and the cathode of the second diode D2 is electrically connected to the N-type gold-oxide semiconductor. The drain of the oxygen semiconductor 1120 and the gate of the N-type metal oxide semiconductor 1120 are electrically connected to the controller 140 , the source of the N-type metal oxide semiconductor 1120 is electrically connected to one end of the battery 1130 , and the other end of the battery 1130 is electrically connected to the ground terminal , the two ends of the manual switch SW are respectively electrically connected to the anode of the second diode D2 and the source of the N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor 1120 .

FIG. 12 is a circuit block diagram of a switch battery block 130 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 12 , the anode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the rectified voltage output terminal 121 , the cathode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the power supply terminal, and an electronically controlled switch (eg, P-type metal oxide semiconductor 1220 ) The battery 1230 is electrically connected between the first diode D1 and the ground terminal. The manual switch SW is connected in series with the battery 1230 .

In FIG. 12, the electronically controlled switch is a P-type metal oxide semiconductor 1220, the cathode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to one end of the battery 1230, and the other end of the battery 1230 is electrically connected to the source of the P-type metal oxide semiconductor 1220, The gate of the P-type metal oxide semiconductor 1220 is electrically connected to the controller 140, the drain of the P-type metal oxide semiconductor 1220 is electrically connected to the anode of the second diode D2, the cathode of the second diode D2 is grounded, and the manual switch Two ends of the SW are respectively electrically connected to the source of the P-type metal oxide semiconductor 1220 and the cathode of the second diode D2.

FIG. 13 is a circuit block diagram of a switch battery block 130 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 13 , the anode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the rectified voltage output terminal 121 , the cathode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the power supply terminal VDD, and an electronically controlled switch (such as an N-type metal oxide semiconductor 1320 ) and the battery 1330 are electrically connected between the first diode D1 and the ground terminal. The manual switch SW is connected in series with the battery 1330 .

In FIG. 13, the electronically controlled switch is an N-type metal oxide semiconductor 1320, the anode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the anode of the second diode D2, and the cathode of the second diode D2 is electrically connected to the N-type gold-oxide semiconductor. The drain of the oxygen semiconductor 1320 and the gate of the N-type metal oxide semiconductor 1320 are electrically connected to the controller 140 , the source of the N-type metal oxide semiconductor 1320 is electrically connected to one end of the battery 1330 , and the other end of the battery 1330 is electrically connected to the ground terminal , the two ends of the manual switch SW are respectively electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode D1 and the source of the N-type metal oxide semiconductor 1320 .

图13中，可以采取间歇式充电，亦即控制器140间歇式启闭电控开关(如：双载子接面晶体管或氧半导体)，例如充电10秒，休息3秒，让电能被更完整吸收，有机会更延长电池的寿命。in Figure 1

In FIG. 13, intermittent charging can be adopted, that is, the controller 140 intermittently turns on and off an electronically controlled switch (such as a bipolar junction transistor or an oxygen semiconductor), for example, charging for 10 seconds and resting for 3 seconds, so that the electrical energy can be more complete. Absorption, there is a chance to extend the life of the battery even more.

Returning to FIG. 1 , the light-emitting element LED1 (eg, a light-emitting diode) is electrically connected to the controller 140 . In one embodiment, the light-emitting element LED1 is an indicator light that is generally used for charging and electric mosquito swatters. During charging, the controller 140 controls the light-emitting element LED1 to blink at a slow speed (eg, 2 seconds). After being fully charged, the controller 140 controls the light-emitting element LED1 to flash rapidly (eg, 0.5v seconds). The traditional electric mosquito swatter requires two light-emitting elements, a charging indicator and a battery power source. The electric mosquito swatter in this case can be simplified into a single light-emitting element LED1.

About how to measure the voltage of the power supply terminal VDD. If the controller 140 is a Microchip (Model: PIC12F1571), the reference voltage (VRPOS) directly selects the voltage of the power supply terminal VDD, and the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) channel selection (channel selection) can select the internal controller 140 Fixed Voltage Reference (FVR; Fixed VoltageReference), there are 1.024v and other voltages to choose from. Or the ADC channel selects a pin connected to the light-emitting element LED1, and uses the forward voltage (Vf) of the light-emitting element LED1 as a fixed voltage, and Vf is close to a fixed value in the range of tens of percent of current. The value read by the ADC is the voltage of 65535*FVR/VDD.

In FIG. 1 , the anode of the Zener diode ZD is electrically connected to the ground terminal VSS, and the cathode of the Zener diode ZD is electrically connected to the power supply terminal VDD. In one embodiment, if the charging circuit in the switch battery block 130 is not turned on, since the controller 140 has low power consumption and high impedance, the voltage divider in the series is very high, and the voltage of the power supply terminal VDD is very close to rectification. The rectified voltage (eg, 100v or 200v) provided by the voltage output terminal 121 is used to effectively prevent the controller 140 from burning out. Therefore, a Zener diode ZD with a working current of about 15-50mA and 5.5v is needed to reduce the voltage of the load. The working current depends on the step-down block 110 . For example, 5.5v may be the maximum operating voltage of the controller 140 in general. During charging, the charging pin CHA of the controller 140 is turned on, the electronically controlled switch (eg transistor) in the switch battery block 130 is turned on, and most of the 20mA is consumed by the battery, so the voltage of the power supply terminal VDD will drop to about 4.9 -5.2v or so, depending on how full the battery is.

图13中，整流器区块120的整流电压输出端121(+极)输出接第一二极管D1造成单向导通，控制器140可以判别接脚AC_IN是否有电压(如：数位的1或0)来判别有没有接整流电压。由于第一二极管D1的顺向电压(Vf)造成压降，供电端VDD的电压比第一二极管D1输入端低0.6v。但是控制器140(如：PIC12F1571)的输入脚电压如果大于供电端VDD的电压可能会造成运作不正常，所以采用第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2分压降低。In FIG. 1 , one end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the rectified voltage output terminal 121 , one end of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to the other end of the first resistor R1 , and the other end of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to the ground terminal. . The input pin AC_IN of the controller 140 is electrically connected to the other end of the first resistor R1 and the end of the second resistor R2; in other words, the controller 140 is electrically connected to the rectified voltage output of the rectifier block 120 through the first resistor R1 The terminal 121, the controller 140 is electrically connected to the ground terminal 122 of the rectifier block 120 through the second resistor R2. In this way, the controller 140 can quickly determine whether it is currently charging or in general use. in Figure 2

In FIG. 13 , the output of the rectified voltage output terminal 121 (+ pole) of the rectifier block 120 is connected to the first diode D1 to cause unidirectional conduction, and the controller 140 can determine whether the pin AC_IN has a voltage (eg, digital 1 or 0). ) to determine whether the rectified voltage is connected or not. Due to the voltage drop caused by the forward voltage (Vf) of the first diode D1, the voltage of the power supply terminal VDD is 0.6v lower than the input terminal of the first diode D1. However, if the input pin voltage of the controller 140 (eg PIC12F1571) is greater than the voltage of the power supply terminal VDD, it may cause abnormal operation, so the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are used to divide the voltage to reduce the voltage.

图13中，使用者按下手动开关SW时，电池会直接接到供电端VDD或接地端VSS，此时第一二极管D1防止电流流到接脚AC_IN，加上第二电阻R2的下拉到接地端，控制器140读到接脚AC_IN电压接近于零，可判断非充电状态，是一般使用状态。in Figure 2

In Figure 13, when the user presses the manual switch SW, the battery will be directly connected to the power supply terminal VDD or the ground terminal VSS. At this time, the first diode D1 prevents the current from flowing to the pin AC_IN, and the pull-down of the second resistor R2 is added. When reaching the ground terminal, the controller 140 reads that the voltage of the pin AC_IN is close to zero, and can judge that the non-charging state is a normal use state.

In practice, the manual switch SW can be a push button switch. Alternatively, the manual switch SW can use a push button switch in series with a slide switch to prevent the user from pressing by mistake, and the two switches connected in series can be regarded as the same manual switch SW.

In FIG. 1 , the stabilizing capacitor C1 is electrically connected between the power supply terminal VDD and the ground terminal VSS. In the experiment, because the input pin AC_IN is blocked by the first diode D1, the voltage regulator capacitor C1 may still have AC noise (50/60Hz). The case where the voltage of pin AC_IN = 0. In one embodiment, connecting filter capacitors in parallel is one approach. Alternatively, it can be solved in the firmware of the controller 140 by reading the voltage of the pin AC_IN several times (for example: 100 times) in succession, so as to avoid the situation of misjudgment.

In FIG. 1, for optimum energy efficiency, the rectifier block 120 may use a full-wave bridge rectifier; alternatively, the rectifier block 120 may use a single diode. Both rectifiers require a voltage-stabilizing capacitor C1 to convert to direct current for the controller 140 to function properly.

FIG. 14 is a circuit block diagram of a step-down block 110 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 14 , the step-down block 110 includes a capacitor C and a resistor R, and the resistor R is connected in parallel with the capacitor C.

For example, the step-down block 110 uses a 400V capacitor C (eg, a plastic capacitor) of 0.47-1.0 uF in parallel with a resistor R. The reactance of AC with frequency f passing through capacitor C can be calculated as 1/(2πfC). If it is 0.47uF, the 60Hz reactance is 5.6kΩ, and the 50Hz reactance is about 6.8kΩ. The reactance of the capacitor C does not cause significant heat consumption like the resistor R, and the plastic capacitor is bulky and easy to dissipate heat. The step-down circuit of the electric mosquito swatter charging circuit on the market is a capacitor (0.47-1uF) and a resistor of 820-1000K in parallel. The role of the resistor R should be 90 degrees out of phase with the capacitor C, somewhat smoothing the current. Because the impedance multiples of capacitor C and resistor R are too different, about 140 times worse, the main current is supplied by capacitor C. Since there is a voltage stabilizing capacitor C1 between the power supply terminal VDD and the power connection terminal VSS in this case, it is also possible without this resistor R. Therefore, in another embodiment of the present invention, the step-down block 110 is only the capacitor C, and the resistor R is not needed.

In the experiment, using the impedance calculation of the step-down block 110 and the measurement of the three-use electric meter, the average maximum current of this line is less than 50mA. However, in the actual experiment, the first diode D1 uses the BAS21 model BAS21 with an average current of 200mA and a 250V diode for multiple charging, which will cause decay and damage, although there is no heating phenomenon. The reason may be that the instantaneous current exceeds. Diodes with an average current rating of 1A such as model 1N4007 must be used to increase the maximum instantaneous current limit. The rectifier block 120 also uses the 1A specification structure.

In practice, the controller 140, the Zener diode ZD, the voltage stabilizer capacitor C1, and the light-emitting element LED1 in this case can be shared with the electric mosquito swatter electric shock output circuit, which can increase multi-functional applications such as power saving, so it can achieve more at a lower cost. Function.

For example, the electric mosquito swatter electric shock output circuit may include a power grid (not shown), and the power grid is electrically connected to the power supply terminal VDD/the power terminal VSS. When in use, the user can operate the manual switch SW to make the battery supply power to the power grid, so as to shock the pests (such as mosquitoes, flies, etc.). In practice, the power grid can be a mesh structure, a fence structure, a hybrid structure of the fence and mesh, a hole structure or other similar structures, which can be flexibly selected by those skilled in the art at the time.

To sum up, the technical solution of the present invention has obvious advantages and beneficial effects compared with the prior art. Compared with the traditional method, the features of the technical solution of the present invention are as follows: 1. The controller 140 controls the switch battery block 130 to be fully charged and powered off; 2. The LED1 of the light-emitting element during charging and fully charged displays; 3. Charging/normal No manual switching is required during use, and the switch battery block 130 is automatically switched; 4. The overall circuit is simple.

Although the present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention The scope of protection shall be subject to the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims (20)

1. An ac charging and power supply circuit, comprising:

a voltage reduction block receiving an alternating current;

a rectifier block electrically connected to the voltage-reducing block, the rectifier block having a rectified voltage output terminal and a ground terminal;

a switch battery block electrically connected between a power supply terminal and the grounding terminal, the switch battery block comprising a first diode, an electric control switch and a battery, wherein an anode of the first diode is electrically connected with the rectified voltage output terminal, a cathode of the first diode is electrically connected with the power supply terminal, and the electric control switch and the battery are electrically connected between the first diode and the grounding terminal; and

And the controller is electrically connected between the power supply end and the grounding end and is used for controlling the opening and closing of the electric control switch.

2. The ac charging and power supply circuit of claim 1, further comprising:

one anode of the Zener diode is electrically connected with the grounding terminal, and one cathode of the Zener diode is electrically connected with the power supply terminal.

3. The ac charging and power supply circuit of claim 1, further comprising:

and the voltage stabilizing capacitor is electrically connected between the power supply end and the grounding end.

4. The ac charging and power supply circuit of claim 1, further comprising:

a first resistor, one end of which is electrically connected to the rectified voltage output end; and

one end of the second resistor is electrically connected with the other end of the first resistor, the other end of the second resistor is electrically connected with the grounding terminal, and an input pin of the controller is electrically connected with the other end of the first resistor and the end of the second resistor.

5. The ac charging and power supply circuit of claim 1, wherein said switching cell block further comprises:

a manual switch connected in series with the battery.

6. The ac charging and power supply circuit of claim 5, wherein said switching cell block further comprises:

a resistor, both ends of which are electrically connected to the controller and the electric control switch respectively, wherein the electric control switch is an NPN-type bipolar junction transistor, a collector of the NPN-type bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode, a base of the NPN-type bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to the resistor, an emitter of the NPN-type bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to one end of the battery, the other end of the battery is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and both ends of the manual switch are electrically connected to the collector and the emitter of the NPN-type bipolar junction transistor respectively.

7. The ac charging and power supply circuit of claim 5, wherein said switching cell block further comprises:

a resistor, both ends of which are electrically connected to the controller and the electric control switch respectively, the electric control switch is a PNP type bipolar junction transistor, one end of the battery is electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode, the other end of the battery is electrically connected to an emitter of the PNP type bipolar junction transistor, a base of the PNP type bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to the resistor, a collector of the PNP type bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and both ends of the manual switch are electrically connected to the emitter and the collector of the PNP type bipolar junction transistor respectively.

8. The ac charging and power supply circuit of claim 5, wherein said switching cell block further comprises:

a resistor, two ends of which are electrically connected to the controller and the electric control switch respectively, wherein the electric control switch is an NPN-type bipolar junction transistor, a collector of the NPN-type bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to the anode of the first diode, a base of the NPN-type bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to the resistor, an emitter of the NPN-type bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to one end of the battery, the other end of the battery is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and two ends of the manual switch are electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode and the end of the battery respectively.

9. The ac charging and power supply circuit of claim 5, wherein said switching cell block further comprises:

a second diode, wherein the electrically controlled switch is an N-type mos, one end of the battery is electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode, the other end of the battery is electrically connected to an anode of the second diode, a cathode of the second diode is electrically connected to a drain of the N-type mos, a gate of the N-type mos is electrically connected to the controller, a source of the N-type mos is electrically connected to the ground, and two ends of the manual switch are electrically connected to the anode of the second diode and the source of the N-type mos, respectively.

10. The ac charging and power supply circuit of claim 5, wherein said switching cell block further comprises:

a second diode, wherein the electric control switch is a P-type metal oxide semiconductor, a source of the P-type metal oxide semiconductor is electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode, a gate of the P-type metal oxide semiconductor is electrically connected to the controller, a drain of the P-type metal oxide semiconductor is electrically connected to an anode of the second diode, a cathode of the second diode is electrically connected to one end of the battery, the other end of the battery is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and two ends of the manual switch are respectively electrically connected to the source of the P-type metal oxide semiconductor and the cathode of the second diode.

11. The ac charging and power supply circuit of claim 5, wherein said switching cell block further comprises:

a second diode, wherein the electric control switch is a P-type metal oxide semiconductor, a source of the P-type metal oxide semiconductor is electrically connected to the anode of the first diode, a gate of the P-type metal oxide semiconductor is electrically connected to the controller, a drain of the P-type metal oxide semiconductor is electrically connected to an anode of the second diode, a cathode of the second diode is electrically connected to one end of the battery, the other end of the battery is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and two ends of the manual switch are respectively electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode and the cathode of the second diode.

12. The ac charging and power supply circuit of claim 5, wherein said switching cell block further comprises:

a second diode; and

a resistor, two ends of which are electrically connected to the controller and the electric control switch respectively, wherein the electric control switch is an NPN-type bipolar junction transistor, the cathode of the first diode is electrically connected to one end of the battery, the other end of the battery is electrically connected to an anode of the second diode, a cathode of the second diode is electrically connected to a collector of the NPN-type bipolar junction transistor, a base of the NPN-type bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to the resistor, an emitter of the NPN-type bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and two ends of the manual switch are electrically connected to the anode of the second diode and the emitter of the NPN-type bipolar junction transistor respectively.

13. The ac charging and power supply circuit of claim 5, wherein said switching cell block further comprises:

a second diode; and

a resistor, both ends of which are electrically connected to the controller and the electric control switch respectively, the electric control switch is a PNP type bipolar junction transistor, the cathode of the first diode is electrically connected to an emitter of the PNP type bipolar junction transistor, a base of the PNP type bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to the resistor, a collector of the PNP type bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to an anode of the second diode, a cathode of the second diode is electrically connected to one end of the battery, the other end of the battery is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and both ends of the manual switch are electrically connected to the emitter of the PNP type bipolar junction transistor and the end of the battery respectively.

14. The ac charging and power supply circuit of claim 5, wherein said switching cell block further comprises:

a second diode; and

a resistor, both ends of which are electrically connected to the controller and the electric control switch respectively, the electric control switch is a PNP type bipolar junction transistor, the anode of the first diode is electrically connected to an emitter of the PNP type bipolar junction transistor, a base of the PNP type bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to the resistor, a collector of the PNP type bipolar junction transistor is electrically connected to an anode of the second diode, a cathode of the second diode is electrically connected to one end of the battery, the other end of the battery is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and both ends of the manual switch are electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode and the end of the battery respectively.

15. The ac charging and power supply circuit of claim 5, wherein said switching cell block further comprises:

a second diode, wherein the electrically controlled switch is an N-type metal oxide semiconductor, an anode of the second diode is electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode, a cathode of the second diode is electrically connected to a drain of the N-type metal oxide semiconductor, a gate of the N-type metal oxide semiconductor is electrically connected to the controller, a source of the N-type metal oxide semiconductor is electrically connected to one end of the battery, the other end of the battery is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and two ends of the manual switch are electrically connected to the anode of the second diode and the source of the N-type metal oxide semiconductor, respectively.

16. The ac charging and power supply circuit of claim 5, wherein said switching cell block further comprises:

a second diode, wherein the electrically controlled switch is a P-type metal oxide semiconductor, the cathode of the first diode is electrically connected to one end of the battery, the other end of the battery is electrically connected to a source of the P-type metal oxide semiconductor, a gate of the P-type metal oxide semiconductor is electrically connected to the controller, a drain of the P-type metal oxide semiconductor is electrically connected to an anode of the second diode, a cathode of the second diode is electrically connected to the ground terminal, and two ends of the manual switch are electrically connected to the source of the P-type metal oxide semiconductor and the cathode of the second diode respectively.

17. The ac charging and power supply circuit of claim 5, wherein said switching cell block further comprises:

a second diode, wherein the electrically controlled switch is an N-type mos, the anode of the first diode is electrically connected to an anode of the second diode, a cathode of the second diode is electrically connected to a drain of the N-type mos, a gate of the N-type mos is electrically connected to the controller, a source of the N-type mos is electrically connected to one end of the battery, the other end of the battery is electrically connected to the ground, and two ends of the manual switch are electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode and the source of the N-type mos, respectively.

18. The ac charging and power supply circuit of claim 5, further comprising:

a light emitting element electrically connected to the controller.

19. The AC charging and power supplying circuit of claim 5, wherein the voltage dropping block is a capacitor.

20. The AC charging and power supply circuit of claim 5, wherein the buck block comprises a capacitor and a resistor, the resistor being connected in parallel with the capacitor.

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