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CN111861421A - A rapid source tracing method for sudden water pollution in a river basin - Google Patents

A rapid source tracing method for sudden water pollution in a river basin Download PDF

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CN111861421A
CN111861421A CN202010764110.0A CN202010764110A CN111861421A CN 111861421 A CN111861421 A CN 111861421A CN 202010764110 A CN202010764110 A CN 202010764110A CN 111861421 A CN111861421 A CN 111861421A
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何斐
李维新
徐斌
刘庄
晁建颖
解宇峰
庄巍
杜涵蓓
李建
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Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences MEP
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for quickly tracing sudden water pollution of a drainage basin, which comprises the following steps: obtaining the distribution of source regions of potential pollution sources of water pollution sources; monitoring the water quality components in a source area of a potential pollution source; selecting pollutants exceeding the highest allowable discharge concentration of the sewage comprehensive discharge standard or higher than 3 times of background value as composition characteristic pollution factors; building a source tracing model; calculating a risk sensitive area of the source probability of the polluted water flow in real time; and counting the pollutant concentration in the risk sensitive area and the contribution of each industry in the drain outlet discharge list to the pollutant concentration. The method can accurately simulate the water pollutant concentration of the drainage basin and the contribution of each drainage point in the list to the pollutant concentration of the drainage basin risk area, can effectively monitor the water environment quality of the drainage basin, solves the problem of excessive pollution discharge of key drainage outlets, has small calculated amount, and can quickly obtain the source tracing result.

Description

一种流域突发水污染快速溯源方法A rapid source tracing method for sudden water pollution in a river basin

技术领域technical field

本发明属于水环境管理技术领域，具体涉及一种流域突发水污染快速溯源方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of water environment management, and in particular relates to a rapid source tracing method for sudden water pollution in a river basin.

背景技术Background technique

突发水污染事故的发生的时间和地点具有很大的不确定性，同时也很难确定危害的方式和程度，容易导致社会生活、生产秩序的无法正常运行，对水系及生态环境造成严重的污染和伤害。需要找到有效可靠的污染源溯源方法，快速准确地找到导致突发性水污染的污染源发生时间和位置，做出正确的预防措施和急救决策。The time and location of sudden water pollution accidents are highly uncertain, and it is also difficult to determine the way and degree of harm, which can easily lead to the failure of social life and production order to operate normally, and cause serious damage to the water system and the ecological environment. pollution and injury. It is necessary to find effective and reliable pollution source tracing methods, quickly and accurately find the time and location of pollution sources that cause sudden water pollution, and make correct preventive measures and emergency decisions.

目前已经提出的污染源溯源方法包括基于遗传算法、基于水质模型法、基于反向位置概率密度函数法、基于地学统计方法、基于Bayes方法等污染源溯源方法。上述污染源溯源方法局限性主要是溯源当前的流域模拟需要大量的计算机计算分析资源，使得水质模型的计算速度较慢，不能满足突然水污染事件快速溯源的问题。At present, the pollution source traceability methods that have been proposed include genetic algorithm-based, water quality model-based, inverse location probability density function-based, geostatistical, and Bayes-based methods. The limitations of the above pollution source traceability methods are mainly that the current watershed simulation requires a lot of computer calculation and analysis resources, which makes the calculation speed of the water quality model slow, and cannot meet the problem of rapid source traceability of sudden water pollution events.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的目的是，提供一种流域突发水污染快速溯源方法，以解决现有技术中计算量大、溯源慢的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a rapid source tracing method for sudden water pollution in a river basin, so as to solve the problems of large amount of calculation and slow source tracing in the prior art.

具体技术方案为：The specific technical solutions are:

一种流域突发水污染快速溯源方法，包括以下步骤：A rapid source tracing method for sudden water pollution in a river basin, comprising the following steps:

(1)根据水污染突发事件的污染情况挖掘与污染情况对应的历史数据得到水污染来源的潜在污染源来源区的分布；(1) According to the pollution situation of water pollution emergencies, mining the historical data corresponding to the pollution situation to obtain the distribution of potential pollution source areas of water pollution sources;

(2)利用多通道激光拉曼测试系统和程控多通道电化学测试系统对所述潜在污染源来源区内的水质成分进行监测；(2) using a multi-channel laser Raman test system and a program-controlled multi-channel electrochemical test system to monitor the water quality components in the potential pollution source source area;

(3)分析所述多通道激光拉曼测试系统和程控多通道电化学测试系统监测的数据，选取超出污水综合排放标准最高允许排放浓度或高于3倍背景值的污染物作为组成特征污染因子；将各相关污染源的排放口、特征污染因子、地理位置信息以数据库的方式管理，形成污染源数据库；(3) Analyze the data monitored by the multi-channel laser Raman test system and the program-controlled multi-channel electrochemical test system, and select pollutants that exceed the maximum allowable discharge concentration of the comprehensive sewage discharge standard or are higher than 3 times the background value as the constituent characteristic pollution factors ; Manage the discharge outlets, characteristic pollution factors, and geographic location information of each relevant pollution source in a database to form a pollution source database;

(4)基于在被监测水域中出现水污染的污染物组成与相关污染源特征污染因子之间存在排他的、必然的、内在联系搭建溯源模型；实时计算污染水流来源概率的风险敏感区域；(4) Build a traceability model based on the existence of an exclusive, inevitable and intrinsic relationship between the pollutant composition of water pollution in the monitored water area and the characteristic pollution factors of the relevant pollution source; the risk-sensitive area where the probability of the source of the polluted water flow is calculated in real time;

(5)统计所述风险敏感区域内的污染物浓度以及排污口排放清单中各行业对于污染物浓度的贡献量。(5) Count the pollutant concentration in the risk-sensitive area and the contribution of each industry to the pollutant concentration in the sewage outlet discharge list.

优选的，步骤(1)包括以下子步骤：Preferably, step (1) includes the following substeps:

(1.1)基于历史采样数据以获得不同时间和流域区段内的污染物的历史超标染数据；(1.1) Obtain historical over-contamination data of pollutants in different time and watershed sections based on historical sampling data;

(1.2)结合水污染突发事件的污染情况和历史超标污染数据分析得到历史超标污染的种类范围；(1.2) Combining the pollution situation of water pollution emergencies and the analysis of historical excessive pollution data, the types and scope of historical excessive pollution are obtained;

(1.3)根据对应位置的历史采样数据筛选出重点污染物以锁定污染物的种类和区域；(1.3) Screen out key pollutants according to the historical sampling data of the corresponding location to lock the types and areas of pollutants;

(1.4)通过溯源模型计算水污染来源的潜在污染源来源区的分布。(1.4) Calculate the distribution of potential pollution source areas of water pollution sources through the traceability model.

其中，所述水污染突发事件的污染情况包括超标出现时段、出现位置及超标信息。Wherein, the pollution situation of the water pollution emergency includes the occurrence time period, the occurrence location and the information of the exceeding standard.

进一步的，步骤(2)中，监测的信息包括各排污口排污水的污染物种类、含量、变化范围。Further, in step (2), the monitored information includes the type, content and variation range of pollutants in the sewage discharged from each sewage outlet.

步骤(2)中，监测包括：在预设时间内通过在目标点区域利用水质监测移动站对重点监控污染物分别进行重点观测，以实现锁定或缩小超标污染种类的范围，明确区域超标污染的来源区域或排污口；In step (2), the monitoring includes: using a water quality monitoring mobile station in the target area to conduct key observations on the key monitoring pollutants respectively within a preset time, so as to lock or narrow the scope of the types of pollution exceeding the standard, and clarify the areas of excessive pollution in the area. source area or outfall;

所述重点监控污染物包括：金属污染物：汞、镉、铅、砷、铬、镍、铜、锌、银、金、锰、铁；有机污染物：石油类、苯系物、挥发酚、醛类、苯胺类、硝基苯类、多环芳烃、有机染料、合成洗涤剂、动植物油、木质素；无机非金属污染物：氰化物、氟化物、硫化物、高氯酸盐、铵盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐；综合污染：化学需氧量COD、悬浮物。The key monitoring pollutants include: metal pollutants: mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic, chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, silver, gold, manganese, iron; organic pollutants: petroleum, benzene series, volatile phenol, Aldehydes, anilines, nitrobenzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organic dyes, synthetic detergents, animal and vegetable oils, lignin; inorganic non-metallic pollutants: cyanide, fluoride, sulfide, perchlorate, ammonium salt , nitrate, nitrite; comprehensive pollution: chemical oxygen demand COD, suspended solids.

所述步骤(3)中选取的特征污染因子包括：通过多种分析不同物种的浓度特征和空间来源分布差异，以区分水污染是局地生成还是外来输送；并判断各影响要素之间的相关关联，分析水污染主控因子，解析并量化前体物的来源。The characteristic pollution factors selected in the step (3) include: analyzing the concentration characteristics and spatial source distribution differences of different species through a variety of analyses to distinguish whether water pollution is locally generated or externally transported; and judging the correlation between the influencing factors. Correlation, analysis of the main control factors of water pollution, analysis and quantification of the source of precursors.

步骤(4)包括以下子步骤：Step (4) includes the following sub-steps:

(4.1)构建多重嵌套框架，选取参数化方案，确定垂直分层数及边界层强化模拟高度，同化水文记录资料，构建高分辨率流场；(4.1) Construct multiple nested frameworks, select parameterization schemes, determine the number of vertical layers and the height of boundary layer enhancement simulation, assimilate hydrological record data, and construct high-resolution flow fields;

(4.2)搭建溯源模型，设置释放粒子数目及推算时间，实时计算污染水流来源概率分布；(4.2) Build a traceability model, set the number of released particles and the calculation time, and calculate the probability distribution of the source of the polluted water flow in real time;

(4.3)实时计算溯源给定位置的污染水流来源贡献，实现污染物来源分析；(4.3) Calculate the source contribution of the polluted water flow at a given location of traceability in real time, and realize the source analysis of pollutants;

(4.4)在收到超标投诉后，实时提供溯源模拟，生成溯源分析信息，所述溯源分析信息包括污染水流的主要输送路径和潜在源区。(4.4) After receiving the complaint of exceeding the standard, provide the traceability simulation in real time, and generate the traceability analysis information, the traceability analysis information includes the main transportation path and potential source area of the polluted water flow.

步骤(5)包括以下子步骤：Step (5) includes the following sub-steps:

(5.1)建立模拟污染物浓度及排污口排放清单中各行业对污染物贡献的数据库；(5.1) Establish a database of simulated pollutant concentrations and pollutant contributions of various industries in the outfall discharge inventory;

(5.2)解析溯源模型运行溯源分析信息得到需要的污染物浓度数据和污染源解析数据，将数据转换为格式数据并自动渲染输出形成图片及结论。(5.2) Analytical traceability model Run the traceability analysis information to obtain the required pollutant concentration data and pollution source analysis data, convert the data into format data, and automatically render the output to form pictures and conclusions.

与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

能够准确模拟流域的水污染物浓度以及清单中各排污点对于流域风险区域污染物浓度的贡献量，可有效的监控流域的水环境质量，解决重点排污口的污染超标排放问题，并且计算量小，可以快速的得到溯源的结果。It can accurately simulate the concentration of water pollutants in the river basin and the contribution of each discharge point in the inventory to the concentration of pollutants in the risk area of the river basin, effectively monitor the water environment quality of the river basin, and solve the problem of excessive pollution discharge from key sewage outlets, and the calculation amount is small. , the traceability results can be obtained quickly.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下结合具体实施例，对本发明作进一步说明，但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此。The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

一种流域突发水污染快速溯源方法，包括以下步骤：A rapid source tracing method for sudden water pollution in a river basin, comprising the following steps:

(1)根据水污染突发事件的污染情况挖掘与污染情况对应的历史数据得到水污染来源的潜在污染源来源区的分布；(1) According to the pollution situation of water pollution emergencies, mining the historical data corresponding to the pollution situation to obtain the distribution of potential pollution source areas of water pollution sources;

所述水污染突发事件的污染情况包括超标出现时段、出现位置及超标信息。The pollution situation of the water pollution emergency includes the occurrence time period, the occurrence location and the information of the exceeding standard.

步骤(1)包括以下子步骤：Step (1) includes the following sub-steps:

(1.1)基于历史采样数据以获得不同时间和流域区段内的污染物的历史超标染数据；(1.1) Obtain historical over-contamination data of pollutants in different time and watershed sections based on historical sampling data;

(1.2)结合水污染突发事件的污染情况和历史超标污染数据分析得到历史超标污染的种类范围；(1.2) Combining the pollution situation of water pollution emergencies and the analysis of historical excessive pollution data, the types and scope of historical excessive pollution are obtained;

(1.3)根据对应位置的历史采样数据筛选出重点污染物以锁定污染物的种类和区域；(1.3) Screen out key pollutants according to the historical sampling data of the corresponding location to lock the types and areas of pollutants;

(1.4)通过溯源模型计算水污染来源的潜在污染源来源区的分布。(1.4) Calculate the distribution of potential pollution source areas of water pollution sources through the traceability model.

(2)利用多通道激光拉曼测试系统和程控多通道电化学测试系统对所述潜在污染源来源区内的水质成分进行监测；(2) using a multi-channel laser Raman test system and a program-controlled multi-channel electrochemical test system to monitor the water quality components in the potential pollution source source area;

监测的信息包括各排污口排污水的污染物种类、含量、变化范围。The monitored information includes the type, content and variation range of pollutants in the sewage discharged from each sewage outlet.

监测包括：在预设时间内通过在目标点区域利用水质监测移动站对重点监控污染物分别进行重点观测，以实现锁定或缩小超标污染种类的范围，明确区域超标污染的来源区域或排污口；Monitoring includes: using water quality monitoring mobile stations in the target area to conduct key observations on key monitoring pollutants within a preset time, so as to lock or narrow the scope of excessive pollution types, and identify the source areas or sewage outlets of regional excessive pollution;

所述重点监控污染物包括：金属污染物：汞、镉、铅、砷、铬、镍、铜、锌、银、金、锰、铁；有机污染物：石油类、苯系物、挥发酚、醛类、苯胺类、硝基苯类、多环芳烃、有机染料、合成洗涤剂、动植物油、木质素；无机非金属污染物：氰化物、氟化物、硫化物、高氯酸盐、铵盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐；综合污染：化学需氧量COD、悬浮物。The key monitoring pollutants include: metal pollutants: mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic, chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, silver, gold, manganese, iron; organic pollutants: petroleum, benzene series, volatile phenol, Aldehydes, anilines, nitrobenzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organic dyes, synthetic detergents, animal and vegetable oils, lignin; inorganic non-metallic pollutants: cyanide, fluoride, sulfide, perchlorate, ammonium salt , nitrate, nitrite; comprehensive pollution: chemical oxygen demand COD, suspended solids.

(3)分析所述多通道激光拉曼测试系统和程控多通道电化学测试系统监测的数据，选取超出污水综合排放标准最高允许排放浓度或高于3倍背景值的污染物作为组成特征污染因子；将各相关污染源的排放口、特征污染因子、地理位置信息以数据库的方式管理，形成污染源数据库；(3) Analyze the data monitored by the multi-channel laser Raman test system and the program-controlled multi-channel electrochemical test system, and select pollutants that exceed the maximum allowable discharge concentration of the comprehensive sewage discharge standard or are higher than 3 times the background value as the constituent characteristic pollution factors ; Manage the discharge outlets, characteristic pollution factors, and geographic location information of each relevant pollution source in a database to form a pollution source database;

选取的特征污染因子包括：通过多种分析不同物种的浓度特征和空间来源分布差异，以区分水污染是局地生成还是外来输送；并判断各影响要素之间的相关关联，分析水污染主控因子，解析并量化前体物的来源。The selected characteristic pollution factors include: analyzing the concentration characteristics and spatial source distribution differences of different species through a variety of analyses to distinguish whether water pollution is locally generated or externally transported; factor, resolve and quantify the source of precursors.

(4)基于在被监测水域中出现水污染的污染物组成与相关污染源特征污染因子之间存在排他的、必然的、内在联系搭建溯源模型；实时计算污染水流来源概率的风险敏感区域；(4) Build a traceability model based on the existence of an exclusive, inevitable and intrinsic relationship between the pollutant composition of water pollution in the monitored water area and the characteristic pollution factors of the relevant pollution source; the risk-sensitive area where the probability of the source of the polluted water flow is calculated in real time;

步骤(4)包括以下子步骤：Step (4) includes the following sub-steps:

(4.1)构建多重嵌套框架，选取参数化方案，确定垂直分层数及边界层强化模拟高度，同化水文记录资料，构建高分辨率流场；(4.1) Construct multiple nested frameworks, select parameterization schemes, determine the number of vertical layers and the height of boundary layer enhancement simulation, assimilate hydrological record data, and construct high-resolution flow fields;

(4.2)搭建溯源模型，设置释放粒子数目及推算时间，实时计算污染水流来源概率分布；(4.2) Build a traceability model, set the number of released particles and the calculation time, and calculate the probability distribution of the source of the polluted water flow in real time;

(4.3)实时计算溯源给定位置的污染水流来源贡献，实现污染物来源分析；(4.3) Calculate the source contribution of the polluted water flow at a given location of traceability in real time, and realize the source analysis of pollutants;

(4.4)在收到超标投诉后，实时提供溯源模拟，生成溯源分析信息，所述溯源分析信息包括污染水流的主要输送路径和潜在源区。(4.4) After receiving the complaint of exceeding the standard, provide the traceability simulation in real time, and generate the traceability analysis information, the traceability analysis information includes the main transportation path and potential source area of the polluted water flow.

(5)统计所述风险敏感区域内的污染物浓度以及排污口排放清单中各行业对于污染物浓度的贡献量。(5) Count the pollutant concentration in the risk-sensitive area and the contribution of each industry to the pollutant concentration in the sewage outlet discharge list.

步骤(5)包括以下子步骤：Step (5) includes the following sub-steps:

(5.1)建立模拟污染物浓度及排污口排放清单中各行业对污染物贡献的数据库；(5.1) Establish a database of simulated pollutant concentrations and pollutant contributions of various industries in the outfall discharge inventory;

(5.2)解析溯源模型运行溯源分析信息得到需要的污染物浓度数据和污染源解析数据，将数据转换为格式数据并自动渲染输出形成图片及结论。(5.2) Analytical traceability model Run the traceability analysis information to obtain the required pollutant concentration data and pollution source analysis data, convert the data into format data, and automatically render the output to form pictures and conclusions.

Claims (8)

1. A method for quickly tracing sudden water pollution in a drainage basin is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mining historical data corresponding to the pollution situation according to the pollution situation of the water pollution emergency to obtain the distribution of a potential pollution source area of the water pollution source;
(2) monitoring the water quality components in the source area of the potential pollution source by using a multi-channel laser Raman test system and a program-controlled multi-channel electrochemical test system;
(3) analyzing the data monitored by the multichannel laser Raman test system and the program-controlled multichannel electrochemical test system, and selecting pollutants exceeding the highest allowable discharge concentration of the sewage comprehensive discharge standard or more than 3 times of background values as composition characteristic pollution factors; managing the discharge port, the characteristic pollution factor and the geographical position information of each related pollution source in a database mode to form a pollution source database;
(4) establishing a traceability model based on the existence of exclusive, necessary and internal relation between pollutant composition of water pollution in a monitored water area and related pollution source characteristic pollution factors; calculating a risk sensitive area of the source probability of the polluted water flow in real time;
(5) and counting the pollutant concentration in the risk sensitive area and the contribution of each industry in the drain outlet discharge list to the pollutant concentration.
2. The method for fast tracing sudden water pollution in a drainage basin as claimed in claim 1, wherein step (1) comprises the following substeps:
(1.1) based on historical sampling data, obtaining historical supersaturation data of pollutants in different time and drainage basin sections;
(1.2) analyzing the pollution condition of the water pollution emergency and the historical standard exceeding pollution data to obtain the category range of the historical standard exceeding pollution;
(1.3) screening out key pollutants according to historical sampling data of corresponding positions so as to lock the types and areas of the pollutants;
(1.4) calculating the distribution of potential pollution sources of the water pollution sources through a tracing model.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the pollution condition of the water pollution emergency includes an out-of-standard occurrence period, an occurrence location and out-of-standard information.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the monitored information includes the type, content and variation range of the pollutants in the sewage discharged from each sewage outlet.
5. The method for fast tracing sudden water pollution in a drainage basin as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the monitoring comprises: the method comprises the following steps of respectively carrying out key observation on key monitored pollutants by utilizing a water quality monitoring mobile station in a target point area within preset time so as to lock or reduce the range of the overproof pollution types and determine a source area or a sewage outlet of the overproof pollution of the area;
the key monitoring of contaminants includes: metal contamination: mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic, chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, silver, gold, manganese, iron; organic contaminants: petroleum, benzene series, volatile phenol, aldehydes, aniline, nitrobenzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, organic dye, synthetic detergent, animal and vegetable oil and lignin; inorganic non-metallic contaminants: cyanide, fluoride, sulfide, perchlorate, ammonium salt, nitrate, nitrite; comprehensive pollution: chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), suspended matter.
6. The method for fast tracing sudden water pollution in a drainage basin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the characteristic pollution factors selected in the step (3) comprise: differentiating whether water pollution is locally generated or externally transported by analyzing concentration characteristics and spatial source distribution differences of different species in a plurality of ways; and judging the correlation among the influencing factors, analyzing the water pollution main control factor, and analyzing and quantifying the source of the precursor.
7. The method for fast tracing sudden water pollution in a drainage basin as claimed in claim 1, wherein step (4) comprises the following substeps:
(4.1) constructing a multiple nested frame, selecting a parameterization scheme, determining the number of vertical stratification and the enhanced simulation height of a boundary layer, assimilating hydrological record data and constructing a high-resolution flow field;
(4.2) building a source tracing model, setting the number of released particles and calculating time, and calculating the probability distribution of the source of the polluted water flow in real time;
(4.3) calculating the contribution of the source of the polluted water flow at the traceable given position in real time to realize the analysis of the source of the pollutant;
and (4.4) after the standard exceeding complaints are received, providing traceability simulation in real time to generate traceability analysis information, wherein the traceability analysis information comprises a main conveying path and a potential source area of the polluted water flow.
8. The method for fast tracing sudden water pollution in a drainage basin as claimed in claim 1, wherein step (5) comprises the following substeps:
(5.1) establishing a database for simulating the pollutant concentration and the contribution of each industry to pollutants in a discharge list of a sewage outlet;
and (5.2) analyzing the traceability model operation traceability analysis information to obtain required pollutant concentration data and pollution source analysis data, converting the data into format data, and automatically rendering and outputting to form a picture and a conclusion.
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