CN111826164A - A kind of mixed biomass powder and method for reducing soil moisture evaporation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a mixed biological powder and a method for reducing soil moisture evaporation. The method comprises the following steps: mixing the mixed biological powder according to a certain proportion into surface soil to obtain soil containing the mixed biological powder with a certain concentration; and adding a certain amount of water according to the preset water content to prepare unsaturated soil to be evaporated. By the method of the invention, the aloe powder-pectin powder is prepared according to the following steps of 2:1, when the spreading amount is 45 kg/mu, the obtained water-saving efficiency is 17.688%; kelp powder-elm powder according to the ratio of 1:1, when the spreading amount is 45 kg/mu, the obtained water-saving efficiency is 19.220%, wherein the mass ratio of the biological powder mixed reagent and the soil mixed according to different proportions is 0.05%. The method has the characteristics of low cost, small using amount, wide raw materials, no pollution, improvement of soil fertility, good stability and the like.

Description

A kind of mixed biomass powder and method for reducing soil moisture evaporation

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural water conservancy engineering, in particular to a method for mixing biological powder and reducing soil moisture evaporation.

Background technique

Soil moisture is the link and central link between the land and the atmosphere, and participates in processes such as surface water cycle, energy and momentum exchange, and is an indispensable key parameter in ecosystems and climate systems. Especially in arid and semi-arid regions, soil moisture is an important indicator that can characterize soil conditions in arid regions. It affects the growth, distribution, and evolution of vegetation, and can also reflect and explain the degree of soil weathering. Soil water evaporation is an important part of soil water balance, and it is the process of soil water diffusion at the soil-atmosphere interface. Evaporation is a complex process that occurs inside the porous medium soil and at the interface between it and the atmosphere, including the transport of water in the soil and the evaporation on the soil surface. Soil evaporation is not only a component of ground heat balance, but also a component of water balance, which is affected by energy supply conditions, water vapor transport conditions, and water supply capacity of evaporative media. In arid and semi-arid regions, soil water evaporation is an important way of farmland water loss, especially in the vast desert Gobi areas, the violent evaporation of soil water has become one of the key factors restricting agricultural planting. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out research on the technology of inhibiting soil water evaporation and reducing soil ineffective evaporation for the rational development of water resources and the regulation of field water conditions.

At present, the research on the technology of inhibiting soil moisture evaporation mainly includes physical mulching methods (such as sand and gravel mulching, straw mulching, plastic film mulching), adding chemical water-retaining agents, adding biochar and other methods.

Covering with sand and gravel, some studies have shown that only when it reaches 5-10cm can it have obvious water-saving effect. Its shortcomings are also obvious. First, the demand for sand and gravel is large, resulting in high water-saving costs. When the gravel particle size, application amount, and different particle size ratios are set unreasonably, the cumulative soil evaporation may even increase. Secondly, due to the mechanical ploughing in the tillage process, the sand and gravel on the surface will be mixed with the soil, and the content of the sand and gravel on the surface will reduce the water-saving effect. Finally, after multiple rounds of planting and mulching with sand and gravel, the soil sand and gravel content will increase, which will inevitably lead to a decrease in the proportion of organic matter in the soil, resulting in the destruction of the soil structure, which is extremely unfavorable for the sustainable development of agriculture.

Straw mulching can enhance the infiltration of soil water, reduce the evaporation of soil water, and the decomposed straw can improve soil fertility and has the advantage of degradation. However, since the new crop straw will increase the tillage resistance, it will increase the energy consumption per unit of mechanical tillage to some extent.

Adding biochar to soil can reduce soil bulk density and density, increase soil porosity, change the distribution characteristics of soil aggregates, improve soil water holding capacity and water conductivity, and improve crop drought resistance. However, some studies have also shown that not all soils have the effect of saving water when biochar is added. When the amount of biochar is 0.05-0.1 g·g ^-1 , the water-holding capacity of sandy loam is reduced. Therefore, the method of adding biochar has strict requirements on the soil quality, and the application amount is relatively high.

The technology of film mulching and moisture conservation is widely used in the arid regions of northern my country. It has obvious characteristics such as water saving, heat preservation, production increase, and salt control. It also causes the problem of residual film pollution. On the one hand, the residual plastic film fragments in the soil will cause the reduction of soil aeration performance, the weakening of water permeability, and even destroy the normal circulation and exchange of soil air in the farmland. The final result will reduce the soil fertility level and soil compaction. On the other hand, plastic mulch can remain in the soil for hundreds of years, and it is extremely difficult to degrade under natural conditions. Years of agricultural film mulching and farming have accumulated residual film, resulting in increased soil infiltration resistance, reduced soil density, reduced field water storage, and ultimately reduced crop yields.

As a new type of water-retaining chemical product, water-retaining agent has significant water and fertilizer retention properties in agricultural land, forestry soil and water conservation and landscaping, and has good water and soil conservation benefits and economic value. However, there are also some problems with the effect of water-retaining agent on soil, such as how does the application of water-retaining agent affect the action mechanism of soil aggregates, how does water-retaining agent affect soil infiltration, and the application of water-retaining agent for different regions? The type, method of administration and dosage, etc. are not known.

To sum up, for the related technologies of inhibiting soil moisture evaporation, there have always been problems such as high pollution, high energy consumption per unit of mechanical farming, high dosage of additives, and unfavorable environmental protection.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a method for mixing biological powder and reducing soil moisture evaporation to solve the above problems.

In the first aspect, the present invention provides a mixed biological powder, the mixed biological powder includes at least any two selected from the group consisting of anti-drought treasure, aloe vera powder, kelp powder, pectin powder and elm powder, and the mixed biological powder is applied to Reduces evaporation of water from the soil.

Preferably, when the mixed biological powder includes two kinds of biological powders, the ratio of the two mixed biological powders in the mixed biological powder is 3:1 to 1:3; wherein, the mixed biological powder includes aloe vera powder-drought resistance Bao, aloe vera powder-pectin powder, aloe vera powder-elm powder, kelp powder-elm powder, drought-resistant treasure-pectin powder, elm powder-pectin powder.

Preferably, when the mixed biological powder is aloe vera powder-drought-resistant treasure, the ratio of aloe vera powder to drought-resistant treasure is 3:1 to 1:2;

When the mixed biological powder is aloe vera powder-pectin powder, the ratio of aloe vera powder and pectin powder is 2:1 to 1:2;

When the mixed biological powder is aloe powder-elm powder, the ratio of aloe powder to elm powder is 2:1 to 1:2;

When the mixed biological powder is kelp powder-elm powder, the ratio of kelp powder and elm powder is 2:1 to 1:2;

When the mixed biological powder is drought-resistant treasure-pectin powder, the ratio of drought-resistant treasure and pectin powder is 2:1 to 1:2;

When the mixed biological powder is elm wood powder-pectin powder, the ratio of elm wood powder and pectin powder is 2:1 to 1:1.

Preferably, the mixed biological powder includes polysaccharides and plant fibers; wherein, the polysaccharides have thickening properties and convert Newtonian liquid water into non-Newtonian liquid water; the plant fibers have stability, and the non-Newtonian liquid water has Strong evaporation resistance

Preferably, the mixed biomass powder is decomposed into water molecules and organic matter by soil microorganisms;

The water molecules provide water for the soil and crops, and the organic matter serves as the nutrient raw material required for the growth of the crops.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for reducing soil moisture evaporation, using the mixed biomass powder described in the first aspect, the method comprising:

Step 1, mixing the mixed bio-powder into the topsoil to obtain soil containing the mixed bio-powder;

In step 2, the soil containing the mixed biomass powder is pretreated and configured to be unsaturated soil to be evaporated.

Preferably, in the step 1, the bulk density of the topsoil is 1 g/cm ³ to 2 g/cm ³ ; the mass ratio of the mixed biomass powder to the topsoil is 0.01% to 0.1%.

Preferably, the surface soil is the surface layer of cultivated soil, and the method for reducing soil moisture evaporation further includes:

Calculate the application amount of mixed bio-powder;

According to the calculated application amount, the mixed bio-powder is applied to the cultivated soil, and the pectin powder is mixed with the surface soil by the method of mechanical tillage;

Wherein, the method for calculating the dosage of the mixed biological powder is:

The amount of mixed biomass powder = the surface area of the topsoil × the thickness of the topsoil × the bulk density of the topsoil × the mass ratio.

Preferably, in the step 2, the pretreatment is: according to a preset moisture content, adding a certain amount of water to the soil containing the mixed biomass powder to configure the unsaturated soil to be evaporated;

Wherein, the initial moisture content of the unsaturated soil is between the retained soil moisture content and the saturated moisture content.

Preferably, the water is Newtonian liquid water, and the mixed biological powder converts the Newtonian liquid water into non-Newtonian liquid water.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for reducing soil moisture evaporation by using mixed biomass powder, the method comprising: mixing the mixed biomass powder into the surface soil to obtain soil containing the mixed biomass powder; The soil is pretreated to obtain the treated mixed biomeal soil; and then a certain amount of water is added according to the preset moisture content to configure the unsaturated soil to be evaporated. By the method of the present invention, the mixed biological powder obtained by aloe powder-pectin powder in a ratio of 2:1, when the spraying amount is 45kg/mu, the obtained water saving efficiency is 17.688%; kelp powder-elm powder When the mixed biomass powder obtained in the ratio of 1:1, when the application amount is 45kg/mu, the water saving efficiency obtained is 19.220%. The method of the invention has the characteristics of low cost, less consumption, wide range of raw materials, no pollution, improved soil fertility and good stability.

In addition, in the method for reducing the evaporation of soil moisture by using the mixed biomass powder provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the mixed biomass powder used has obvious water saving effect, and in the present invention, when the mixed biomass powder is composed of kelp powder and elm powder When combined, the ratio R of kelp powder and elm powder can be set as R=1:1 (the corresponding water-saving efficiency η=19.220% under the condition of this ratio), R=1:2 (the corresponding water-saving efficiency under the condition of this ratio) η=15.877%) or R=2:1 (the corresponding water-saving efficiency η=15.181% under the condition of this ratio); when the mixed biological powder is composed of aloe vera powder and kelp powder, the ratio R of aloe vera powder and pectin powder can be set It is R=2:1 (the corresponding water saving efficiency η=17.688% under this ratio condition), R=1:2 (the corresponding water saving efficiency η=17.549% under this ratio condition) or R=1:1 (this The corresponding water-saving efficiency η=17.131% under the proportional condition); when the mixed bio-powder is composed of anti-drought treasure and pectin powder, the ratio R of anti-drought treasure and pectin powder can be set to R=2:1 (corresponding to water-saving efficiency η=13.788%), R=1:1 (corresponding water-saving efficiency η=11.421% under this ratio condition) or R=1:2 (water-saving efficiency η=9.749% corresponding to this ratio condition ); When the mixed biological powder is combined by aloe powder and drought-resistant treasure, the ratio R of aloe powder and drought-resistant treasure can be set to R=2:1 (corresponding water-saving efficiency η=12.813% under this ratio condition), R=3: 1 (corresponding water saving efficiency η=12.674% under this ratio condition) or R=1:2 (corresponding water saving efficiency η=12.396% under this ratio condition); when the mixed biomass powder is composed of aloe vera powder and elm powder , the ratio R of aloe powder and elm powder can be set as R=1:2 (corresponding water saving efficiency η=11.699% under this ratio condition), R=2:1 (corresponding water saving efficiency η under this ratio condition) = 11.142%) or R = 1:1 (the corresponding water-saving efficiency η = 10.028% under the condition of this ratio); when the mixed biological powder is composed of elm wood powder and pectin powder, the ratio of elm wood powder and pectin powder is R It can be set to R=1:1 (the corresponding water saving efficiency η=9.889% under the condition of this ratio) or R=2:1 (the corresponding water saving efficiency η=9.471% under the condition of this ratio).

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a method embodiment of the present invention for reducing soil moisture evaporation by utilizing mixed biomass powder;

Fig. 2 shows the schematic diagram of the variation of soil moisture cumulative evaporation over time under the mixing conditions of different proportions of the mixed biological powder consisting of aloe vera powder and anti-drought treasure in the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the time-dependent variation of the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture for the mixed biological powder composed of aloe vera powder and kelp powder in the embodiment of the present invention under the mixing conditions of different proportions;

Fig. 4 shows the schematic diagram of the variation of soil moisture cumulative evaporation over time under the mixing conditions of different proportions of the mixed biological powder consisting of aloe vera powder and pectin powder in the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram of the variation of soil moisture cumulative evaporation over time under the mixing conditions of different proportions of the mixed biological powder composed of aloe vera powder and elm powder in the embodiment of the present invention;

6 shows a schematic diagram of the time-dependent change of the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture under the mixing conditions of different proportions of the mixed biological powder composed of kelp powder and pectin powder in the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 7 shows the schematic diagram of the time-dependent change of the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture under the mixing conditions of different proportions of the mixed biological powder composed of kelp powder and elm powder in the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 8 shows a schematic diagram of the time-dependent changes in the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture under the mixing conditions of different proportions of the mixed biological powder composed of kelp powder and anti-drought treasure in the embodiment of the present invention;

9 shows a schematic diagram of the time-dependent variation of the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture under the mixing conditions of different proportions of the mixed biological powder composed of anti-drought treasure and pectin powder in the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 10 shows a schematic diagram of the time-dependent variation of the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture under the mixing conditions of different proportions of the mixed bio-powder composed of drought-resistant treasure and elm powder in the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 11 shows a schematic diagram of the time-dependent variation of the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture under the mixing conditions of different proportions of the mixed biological powder composed of elm wood powder and pectin powder in the embodiment of the present invention;

12 shows a schematic diagram of the water-saving efficiency of the mixed biological powder composed of aloe vera powder and anti-drought treasure in the embodiment of the present invention under the mixing conditions of different proportions;

13 shows a schematic diagram of the water-saving efficiency of the mixed biological powder composed of aloe vera powder and kelp powder under different mixing conditions in the embodiment of the present invention;

14 shows a schematic diagram of the water-saving efficiency of the mixed biological powder composed of aloe vera powder and pectin powder under different ratio mixing conditions in the embodiment of the present invention;

15 shows a schematic diagram of the water-saving efficiency of the mixed bio-powder composed of aloe vera powder and elm wood powder under different ratio mixing conditions in the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 16 shows a schematic diagram of the water-saving efficiency of the mixed biological powder composed of kelp powder and pectin powder under different ratio mixing conditions in the embodiment of the present invention;

17 shows a schematic diagram of the water-saving efficiency of the mixed bio-powder composed of kelp powder and elm powder in the embodiment of the present invention under mixing conditions of different proportions;

Figure 18 shows a schematic diagram of the water-saving efficiency of the mixed bio-powder composed of kelp powder and drought-resistant treasure under different ratio mixing conditions in the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 19 shows a schematic diagram of the water-saving efficiency of the mixed bio-powder composed of anti-drought treasure and pectin powder under different ratio mixing conditions in the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 20 shows a schematic diagram of the water-saving efficiency of the mixed bio-powder consisting of drought-resistant treasure and elm powder in the embodiment of the present invention under mixing conditions of different proportions;

Figure 21 shows a schematic diagram of the water-saving efficiency of the mixed bio-powder composed of elm powder and pectin powder under different mixing conditions in the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and provides a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following implementation. example.

In the first aspect, the present invention provides a mixed biological powder, the mixed biological powder includes at least any two selected from the group consisting of anti-drought treasure, aloe vera powder, kelp powder, pectin powder and elm powder, and the mixed biological powder is applied to reduce the evaporation of water from the soil;

In specific implementation, mixed biological powder with different proportions and different components can be mixed according to specific needs, that is, the mixed biological powder includes two or more biological powders, and the ratio can be adjusted according to actual needs.

Preferably, when the mixed biological powder includes two kinds of biological powders, the ratio of the two mixed biological powders in the mixed biological powder is 3:1 to 1:3; wherein, the mixed biological powder includes aloe vera powder-drought resistance Bao, aloe vera powder-pectin powder, aloe vera powder-elm powder, kelp powder-elm powder, drought-resistant treasure-pectin powder, elm powder-pectin powder.

Preferably, when the mixed biological powder is aloe vera powder-drought-resistant treasure, the ratio of aloe vera powder to drought-resistant treasure is 3:1 to 1:2;

When the mixed biological powder is aloe vera powder-pectin powder, the ratio of aloe vera powder and pectin powder is 2:1 to 1:2;

When the mixed biological powder is aloe powder-elm powder, the ratio of aloe powder to elm powder is 2:1 to 1:2;

When the mixed biological powder is kelp powder-elm powder, the ratio of kelp powder and elm powder is 2:1 to 1:2;

When the mixed biological powder is drought-resistant treasure-pectin powder, the ratio of drought-resistant treasure and pectin powder is 2:1 to 1:2;

When the mixed biological powder is elm wood powder-pectin powder, the ratio of elm wood powder and pectin powder is 2:1 to 1:1.

Preferably, the mixed biological powder includes polysaccharides and plant fibers; wherein, the polysaccharides have thickening properties and convert Newtonian liquid water into non-Newtonian liquid water; the plant fibers have stability, and the non-Newtonian liquid water has Strong evaporation resistance.

In addition, the mixed biological powder provided by the present invention contains colloid, which combines with water to form non-Newtonian liquid water with strong evaporation resistance, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing soil moisture evaporation; and, the colloid is organic matter, which can be absorbed by soil microorganisms. decompose to avoid contamination of the soil.

Preferably, the mixed biomass powder is decomposed into water molecules and organic matter by soil microorganisms;

The water molecules provide water for the soil and crops, and the organic matter serves as the nutrient raw material required for the growth of the crops.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for reducing soil moisture evaporation, using the mixed biomass powder described in the first aspect above, as shown in FIG. 1 , the method includes:

Step 1 (S101), mixing the mixed bio-powder into the topsoil to obtain soil containing the mixed bio-powder;

In specific implementation, it can be divided into two application scenarios. The first is as follows: in a test scenario, according to the proportional gradient described in Table 4 of the present invention, a certain amount of mixed biomass powder is evenly mixed with air-dried soil to obtain test soils with different proportional gradients.

The second is: water-saving scenarios in agricultural production. Before sowing, according to the ratio corresponding to the best water-saving efficiency described in Table 4 of the present invention, 45 kg of mixed bio-powder (that is, 10 cm of soil in the surface layer) is applied to the surface of the cultivated soil. The content of the mixed biomass powder is 0.05%).

In step 2 (S102), the soil containing the mixed biomass powder is pretreated and configured to be unsaturated soil to be evaporated.

During specific implementation, it can be divided into two application scenarios, respectively corresponding to the first and the second in the above step 1. Corresponding to the first application scenario, the operation process is as follows: then add a certain amount of tap water to the above-mentioned air-dried soil added with drought-resistance reagents (mixed bio-powder), and configure the soil to be evaporated with a certain moisture content. Corresponding to the second application scenario, the operation process is as follows: machine-till the arable soil on which the mixed bio-powder has been applied, and then irrigate the soil after the application of the drought-resistance agent (mixed bio-powder) after the machine-plow. Abundant areas require little or no irrigation.

In the embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the thickness of the topsoil is 5cm-20cm; in the step S101, the bulk density of the topsoil is 1g/cm3-2g/ ^{cm3 ;} the mixed biomass powder accounts for The mass ratio of the surface soil is 0.01%-0.1%. Among them, the application scenario corresponding to the mass ratio of 0.01% to 0.1% is the above-mentioned first application scenario; when the application scenario is the above-mentioned second agricultural production scenario, the optimal mass ratio range is 0.05%. At this concentration, the mixed bio-powder is configured according to the preferred ratio in Table 4, which has high water-saving efficiency, and in agricultural production, the application amount of the mixed bio-powder is calculated based on 10 cm of topsoil.

In the embodiment of the present invention, on the other hand, when the application scenario is agricultural water saving, the surface soil is located on the surface layer of the cultivated soil, and the method for reducing soil moisture evaporation further includes:

Step 1 (S201), calculate the amount of application: calculate the amount of application according to the concentration corresponding to the best water-saving efficiency of the present invention;

Wherein, the method for calculating the dosage of the mixed biological powder is:

The amount of mixed bio-powder = the surface area of the topsoil × the thickness of the topsoil × the bulk density of the topsoil × the mass ratio; in specific implementation, in agricultural production, the application amount of the mixed bio-powder is calculated based on the surface layer of 10 cm, for example, the bulk density of the cultivated soil For 1.35×10 ³ t/m ³ , apply 0.05% mixed bio-meal to the top 10cm soil, and the amount of mixed bio-meal per hectare is: 10 ⁴ m ² ×0.1m×1.35×10 ³ t/m ³ ×0.05%=0.675t.

Step 2 (S202), mechanical tillage mixing: during the sowing period, the mixed biomass powder is applied to the cultivated land according to the addition amount calculated in step 1, and then the mixed biomass powder and the surface soil are mixed by mechanical tillage. The soil is fully mixed, on the other hand, it is convenient for sowing seeds, and finally it has the effect of loosening the soil, increasing the soil porosity and improving the soil water storage capacity;

Step 3 (S203): Irrigation after sowing (for northern regions), or no irrigation/small amount of water (for southern regions).

In the embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the step S102, the preprocessing is: according to a preset moisture content, add a certain amount of water to the soil containing the mixed biomass powder, and configure it as a non-evaporative Saturated soil; wherein, the initial water content of the unsaturated soil is between the soil retention water content and the saturated water content;

During specific implementation, the value range of the initial water content can be 0.06 to 0.5, or different values can be obtained according to different soils. The basis for the value is: greater than the retention water content and less than the saturated water content; Wherein, the retained water content is also called the withering coefficient, that is, the soil water content when the plant produces permanent wilting, that is, the lower limit of the soil water amount (effective water) available to the plant; the saturated water content is also called saturation Water content (total water capacity), that is, the soil water content when all the pores of the soil are filled with water.

In the embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the water belongs to Newtonian liquid water, and the mixed biological powder converts the Newtonian liquid water into non-Newtonian liquid water.

The added water is Newtonian liquid water, and the Newtonian liquid water is converted into non-Newtonian liquid water under the action of the mixed biological powder. The non-Newtonian liquid water has strong evaporation resistance to prevent evaporation of water in the soil. In addition, the water molecules in the formed non-Newtonian liquid can also be absorbed by the plant roots respectively, and the mixed biomass powder in the non-Newtonian liquid can also be absorbed by the plant roots after decomposition.

The method provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages:

(1) Wide range of materials: ①Abundant raw materials of kelp: Seaweed is an important part of marine aquatic resources, and the kelp of the genus Laminaceae is the most productive seaweed, and my country's kelp output ranks among the world's largest. The first Chinese seaweed resource is very rich. ② Aloe vera is rich in raw materials: Aloe vera is distributed almost all over the world, and wild aloe vera is distributed in India and Malaysia, the African continent and tropical regions. It is cultivated in Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and other places in China. There are at least 300 species of aloe vera in the wild, of which there are about 250 species in the African continent, about 40 species in Madagascar, and the remaining 10 species are distributed in Arabia and other places. ③Abundant pectin materials: Natural pectin substances widely exist in the fruits, roots, stems and leaves of plants in the form of protopectin, pectin and pectic acid. There are more than 300 kinds of fruit trees in my country, and the residues of these products can be used to extract pectin. ④The raw materials of elm are rich: elm is widely distributed in the provinces and regions of Northeast, North, Northwest and Southwest China, Korea, the former Soviet Union, Mongolia and other countries and regions, and the distribution is relatively wide. The elm bark produced in the process of making it into a home is also often relatively abundant.

(2) Less dosage: 5-10cm thick sand and gravel mulching is used to reduce soil evaporation. Assuming that the sand and gravel bulk density is 2.5×10 ³ t/m ³ and the covering thickness is 10 cm, then 10 ⁴ m ² ×0.1m× per hectare is required. 2.5×10 ³ t/m ³ =2500×10 ³ t sandstone. However, if the mixed bio-meal is used, assuming that the soil bulk density of the cultivated land is 1.35×10 ³ t/m ³ , and 0.05% of the mixed bio-meal is applied to the top 10 cm soil, only 10 ⁴ m ² ×0.1m×1.35×10 ³ per hectare is required. t/m ³ ×0.05%=0.675t (0.6775t is much lower than 2500×10 ³ t).

(3) High water-saving efficiency: when the ratio of kelp powder and elm powder is R=1:1, the water-saving efficiency is 19.220%; when the ratio of aloe vera powder and kelp powder is R=2:1, the water-saving efficiency is 17.688%; drought resistance When the ratio of Aloe vera powder and pectin powder is R=2:1, the water saving efficiency is 13.788%; when the ratio of aloe vera powder and anti-drought treasure is R=2:1, the water saving efficiency is 12.813%; the ratio of aloe vera powder and elm powder is R= When the ratio of elm powder and pectin powder is R=1:1, the water saving efficiency is 9.889%.

(4) No pollution: Kelp mainly contains polysaccharides, proteins, cellulose, fats, minerals and nucleic acids; pectin is an acidic heteropolysaccharide, and the pectin molecules are mainly composed of galacturonic acid polysaccharides, rhamnogalactose The uronic acid polysaccharide I type, the rhamnogalacturonic acid polysaccharide II, and the xylose galacturonic acid polysaccharide are composed of four domain units; aloe vera contains a large amount of polysaccharides, and the polysaccharides in aloe vera mainly include mannose, half There are more than 30 kinds of lactose, glucose, lectin, xylose, arabinose, glucomannan and rhamnose; elm powder is mainly composed of plant fibers and polysaccharides. These substances become carbohydrates after their decomposition, and will not pollute the soil. Moreover, on the one hand, the decomposed water can supplement soil moisture in a small amount, and the organic matter decomposed by soil microorganisms can also be used as the nutrient material required for the growth of crops for the growth of crops.

(5) Improve soil fertility: First, the organic matter decomposed by soil microorganisms not only provides nutritious raw materials for crop growth; second, organic matter can improve soil structure and prevent soil compaction; third, because organic matter has the function of enhancing soil aggregates, Therefore, it can also enhance soil water retention and aeration; fourth, it is also accompanied by the release of energy after decomposition and decay, which can promote crop root respiration. It can be seen from the comprehensive effects of mixed bio-meal on soil water, fertilizer, gas and heat that the mixed bio-meal has the function of improving soil fertility after being decomposed.

(6) Good stability: Since the mixed biological powder contains acidic heteropolysaccharides, it has good thickening and stability.

In order for those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the method for reducing soil moisture evaporation by using mixed biomass powder of the present invention is described below through specific examples. In this embodiment, the mixing method adopted is pairwise mixing.

Example

1) Test materials and instruments

In an application example of the present invention, the test soil is typical red loam soil in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, the test materials and the specifications/models of the test instruments are shown in Table 1, and the physical and chemical properties of the test soil particles are shown in Table 2.

Table 1 Test Materials and Instruments

Table 2 Physical and chemical properties of soil particles in the test

2) Test plan

组试验(如表4所示)，再加上一个空白对照试验，总计51组试验。In the application example of the present invention, Drought Reagent (DR), Aloe Powder (ALP), Kelp Powder (KEP), Pectin Powder (PEP) and elm bark were used respectively. Five kinds of reagents, such as Elm Powder (ELP) made from the inner fiber layer left by the outer cuticle, are combined in pairs, and each combination is set with 5 concentration ratios: R=3:1, R=2:1 , R=1:1, R=1:2 and R=1:3, total

Group experiments (as shown in Table 4), plus a blank control experiment, a total of 51 groups of experiments.

3) Soil sample treatment

The mixed additive was fully mixed with the air-dried red loam at a concentration of 0.05%, the test soil bulk density was set to 1.35g/cm ³ , the soil filling height was 15cm, and each evaporating dish was filled with 14.313kg of the mixed additive test soil, Load into an evaporating dish with a diameter of 15 cm. Then, 5kg of tap water was added to each evaporation surface to configure the soil to be evaporated with a moisture content of 0.35. Among them, the soil to be evaporated can be understood as the treated mixed bio-powder soil, and the selected drought-resistant treasure is the drought-resistant treasure in the prior art.

4) Weather conditions

In this example, the research area is located in Nanchang Institute of Engineering, Jiangxi Province. The start and end time of the test is from 08:00 on November 17, 2019 to 20:00 on November 22, 2019. The meteorological indicators during the test are shown in Table 3:

Table 3: Meteorological data from 08:00 on November 2, 2019 to 20:00 on November 17, 2019

Remarks: "*" means "trace", "0" means no precipitation.

5) Calculation of water saving efficiency:

The cumulative evaporation of soil moisture without adding plant powder is P ₀ (control experiment), the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture after adding plant powder is P _c , and the water-saving efficiency is η. The calculation formula is as follows:

In the formula, η≥0 means water saving, and η<0 means no water saving. The evaporation amount of each group of tests in the present invention is obtained by weighing the soil to be evaporated, and the weight change value of the soil to be evaporated is equal to the evaporation of water.

6) Application example results:

In this example, the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture after mixing different additives in different proportions with time is shown in Figures 2-11, and the water-saving efficiency calculated according to formula (1) is shown in Table 4 and Figures 12-21.

Table 4. Water saving efficiency/% under different ratios of different combinations of biomass powder

The water saving efficiency of the control group was:

It can be seen from Figure 2 that the cumulative evaporation under the conditions of five ratios (R=ALP/DR) of aloe vera powder and anti-drought treasure is as follows: control group>R=1:1>R=1:3>R=1: 2>R=3:1>R=2:1, that is, the cumulative evaporation curve corresponding to each ratio in Figure 2 is the control group, R=1:1, R=1:3, R=1 from top to bottom :2, R=3:1, R=2:1. This shows that the mixed reagent of aloe vera powder and anti-drought treasure has a water-saving effect on red loam soil.

It can be seen from Figure 3 that the cumulative evaporation under the five ratio strips (R=ALP/KEP) of aloe vera powder and kelp powder is as follows: R=1:3>control group>R=3:1>R=1 :1>R=2:1>R=1:2, that is, the cumulative evaporation curve corresponding to each ratio in Figure 3 is R=1:3, control group, R=3:1, R= 1:1, R=2:1, R=1:2. This shows that the mixed reagent of aloe powder and kelp powder has no water-saving effect except under the condition of R=1:3, and the other four ratios have water-saving effect.

It can be seen from Figure 4 that the cumulative evaporation under the conditions of five ratios of aloe powder and pectin powder (R=ALP/PEP) is in order: control group>R=3:1>R=1:3>R=1 :1>R=1:2>R=2:1, that is, the cumulative evaporation curve corresponding to each ratio in Figure 4 is the control group, R=3:1, R=1:3, R= 1:1, R=1:2, R=2:1. This shows that the mixed reagent of aloe vera powder and pectin powder has water-saving effect on red loam soil.

It can be seen from Figure 5 that the cumulative evaporation under the conditions of five ratios of aloe vera powder and elm powder (R=ALP/ELP) is as follows: control group>R=3:1>R=1:3>R=1 :1>R=2:1>R=1:2, that is, the cumulative evaporation curve corresponding to each ratio in Figure 5 is the control group, R=3:1, R=1:3, R= 1:1, R=2:1, R=1:2. This shows that the mixed reagent of aloe vera powder and anti-drought treasure has a water-saving effect on red loam soil.

It can be seen from Figure 6 that the cumulative evaporation under the conditions of five ratios of kelp powder and pectin powder (R=KEP/PEP) is in order: R=3:1>control group>R=2:1>R=1 :1>R=1:2>R=1:3, that is, the cumulative evaporation curve corresponding to each ratio in Figure 6 is R=3:1, control group, R=2:1, R= 1:1, R=1:2, R=1:3. This shows that the mixed reagent of kelp powder and pectin powder has no water-saving effect except under the condition of R=3:1, and the other four ratios have water-saving effect.

It can be seen from Figure 7 that the cumulative evaporation under the conditions of five ratios of kelp powder and elm powder (R=KEP/ELP) is as follows: control group>R=3:1>R=1:3>R=2 :1>R=1:2>R=1:1, that is, the cumulative evaporation curve corresponding to each ratio in Figure 7 is the control group, R=3:1, R=1:3, R= 2:1, R=1:2, R=1:1. This shows that the mixed reagent of kelp powder and elm powder has water-saving effect on red loam soil.

It can be seen from Figure 8 that the cumulative evaporation under the conditions of five ratios (R=KEP/DR) of kelp powder and drought-resistant treasure is as follows: R=3:1>R=2:1>R=1:3>control Group>R=1:2>R=1:1, that is, the cumulative evaporation curve corresponding to each ratio in Figure 8 is R=3:1, R=2:1, R=1:3, Control group, R=1:2, R=1:1. This shows that the mixed reagent of kelp powder and drought-resistant treasure has no water-saving effect on red loam except for R=1:1 and R=1:2, and the other three ratios have no water-saving effect.

It can be seen from Figure 9 that the cumulative evaporation under the conditions of five ratios (R=DR/PEP) mixed with drought-resistant treasure and pectin are as follows: control group>R=1:3>R=3:1>R=1 :2>R=1:1>R=2:1, that is, the cumulative evaporation curve corresponding to each ratio in Figure 9 is the control group, R=1:3, R=3:1, R= 1:2, R=1:1, R=2:1. This shows that the mixed reagent of aloe vera powder and anti-drought treasure has a water-saving effect on red loam soil.

It can be seen from Figure 10 that the cumulative evaporation under the conditions of five ratios of drought-resistant treasure and elm powder (R=DR/ELP) is as follows: R=1:3>R=3:1>R=1:2> Control group>R=2:1>R=1:1, that is, the cumulative evaporation curve corresponding to each ratio in Figure 10 is R=1:3, R=3:1, R=1:2 from top to bottom , control group, R=2:1, R=1:1. This shows that the mixed reagent of anti-drought treasure and elm powder has a weak water-saving effect on red loam except for R=1:1 and R=2:1, and the other three ratios have no water-saving effect.

It can be seen from Figure 11 that the cumulative evaporation under the conditions of five ratios of elm powder and pectin powder (R=ELP/PEP) is in order: control group>R=1:3>R=3:1>R= 1:2>R=2:1>R=1:1, that is, the cumulative evaporation curve corresponding to each ratio in Figure 2 is the control group, R=1:3, R=3:1, R =1:2, R=2:1, R=1:1. This shows that the mixed reagent of elm powder and pectin powder has water-saving effect on red loam.

As can be seen from the 2nd row of Table 4 and Figure 12, the water-saving efficiency sizes under five ratios (R=ALP/DR) of aloe powder and drought-resistant treasure are successively:

η=12.813%(R=2:1)>η=12.674%(R=3:1)>η=12.396%(R=1:2)>η=10.306%(R=1:3)>η= 6.546% (R=1:1), and the average water saving efficiency is 10.947%. On the whole, the ratio of aloe vera powder to drought-resistant treasure (R=ALP/DR) has a good water-saving effect when R=2:1, R=3:1 and R=1:2, and the difference is not big, R=2 : 1, the water saving effect is the best, η=12.813%.

As can be seen from the 3rd row of Table 4 and Figure 13, the water-saving efficiency sizes under five ratios (R=ALP/KEP) of aloe powder and kelp powder are successively:

η=5.989%(R=1:2)>η=4.596%(R=2:1)>η=12.396%(R=1:1)>η=2.925%(R=3:1)>η= -2.228% (R=1:3), the average water saving efficiency is 3.120%. Except that R=1:3 has no water saving effect, the ratio of aloe vera powder to kelp powder (R=ALP/DR) is in R=1:2, R=2:1, R=1:1 and R=3:1 There is a certain water-saving effect, but the water-saving efficiency is low.

As can be seen from the 4th row of Table 4 and Figure 14, the water-saving efficiency sizes under five ratios of aloe powder and pectin powder (R=ALP/PEP) are successively:

η=17.688%(R=2:1)>η=17.549%(R=1:2)>η=17.131%(R=1:1)>η=13.092%(R=1:3)>η= 11.978% (R=3:1), and the average water saving efficiency is 15.487%. Aloe vera powder and pectin powder have good water-saving effect on the whole under five ratios, especially when R=2:1, R=1:1 and R=1:2.

As can be seen from the 5th row of Table 4 and Figure 15, the water-saving efficiency sizes under five ratios (R=ALP/ELP) of aloe powder and elm powder are successively:

η=11.699%(R=1:2)>η=11.142%(R=2:1)>η=10.028%(R=1:1)>η=7.242%(R=1:3)>η= 3.343% (R=3:1), and its average water saving efficiency is 8.691%. The ratio of aloe vera powder to elm powder has higher water saving effect when R=1:2, R=2:1 and R=1:1.

As can be seen from the 6th row of Table 4 and Figure 16, the water-saving efficiency sizes under five ratios (R=KEP/PEP) of kelp powder and pectin powder are successively:

η=5.989%(R=1:3)>η=5.850%(R=1:2)>η=4.735%(R=1:1)>η=2.228%(R=2:1)>η= -2.646% (R=1:1), showing a trend of increasing water-saving efficiency as the proportion of pectin powder increases, and the average water-saving efficiency is 3.231%. Except that the mixed reagent of kelp powder and pectin powder has no water saving effect when R=3:1, the other four ratio conditions are R:1:3, R=1:2, R:1:1 and R=2: 1 have water-saving effect, but the overall water-saving efficiency is not high.

As can be seen from the 7th row of Table 4 and Figure 17, the water-saving efficiency sizes under five ratios (R=KEP/ELP) of kelp powder and elm powder are as follows:

η=19.220%(R=1:1)>η=15.877%(R=1:2)>η=15.181%(R=2:1)>η=11.142%(R=3:1)>η= 7.382% (R=1:3), and its average water saving efficiency is 13.760%. As a whole, sea tangle powder and elm powder have significant water-saving effects under the conditions of five ratios, especially when R=1:1, the water-saving effect is the best, reaching η=19.220%.

As can be seen from the 8th row of Table 4 and Figure 18, the water-saving efficiency for the five ratios of kelp powder and drought-resistant treasure (R=KEP/DR) is in turn:

η=4.875%(R=1:1)>η=2.089%(R=1:2)>η=-0.836%(R=2:1)>η=-1.811%(R=1:3)> η=-4.596% (R=3:1), and its average water saving efficiency is -0.056%. When the ratio of kelp powder and drought-resistant treasure is R=1:1, R=1:2, the water-saving efficiency is small, and the water-saving efficiency is negative under the other three ratios, which does not have the function of water-saving.

From the ninth row of Table 4 and Figure 19, it can be seen that the water-saving efficiency under the conditions of five ratios of anti-drought treasure and pectin powder (R=DR/PEP) is: η=13.788% (R=2:1)>η =11.421%(R=1:1)>η=9.749%(R=1:2)>η=7.660%(R=3:1)>η=6.128%(R=1:3), its average knot The water efficiency is 9.749%. On the whole, anti-drought treasure and pectin powder have relatively good water-saving effect under the conditions of five ratios, especially when R=2:1, the water-saving effect is the best, and the water-saving efficiency reaches η=13.788%.

From the 10th row of Table 4 and Figure 20, it can be seen that the water-saving efficiency under the conditions of five ratios of drought-resistant treasure and elm powder (R=DR/ELP) are: η=1.532% (R=1:1)>η =0.045%(R=2:1)>η=-1.114%(R=1:2)>η=-3.621%(R=3:1)>η=-3.760%(R=1:3), Its average water saving efficiency is -1.384%. Except when R=1:1 and R=2:1, anti-drought treasure and elm powder have weak water-saving efficiency, the water-saving efficiency under the other three ratio conditions are all negative. The combination does not have water saving features.

As can be seen from the 11th row of Table 4 and Figure 21, the water-saving efficiency sizes under five ratios (R=ELP/PEP) conditions of elm wood powder and pectin powder are successively:

η=9.889%(R=1:1)>η=9.471%(R=2:1)>η=6.267%(R=1:2)>η=2.089%(R=1:3)>η= 2.952% (R=3:1), and its average water saving efficiency is 6.128%. The ratio of elm powder and pectin powder has relatively good water saving effect when R=1:1, R=2:1 and R=1:2, and the other three ratios also have water saving efficiency, but Water efficiency is low.

To sum up, it can be seen from the above examples that, comparing the water-saving efficiencies of different proportions of the 10 combinations in Table 4, when the mixed biomeal is composed of kelp powder and elm powder, the ratio R=KEP/ELP of kelp powder and elm powder should be set as: R=1:1 (the corresponding water saving efficiency η=19.220% under the condition of this ratio), R=1:2 (the corresponding water saving efficiency η=15.877% under the condition of this ratio) or R=2:1 (the ratio The corresponding water-saving efficiency η=15.181% under the condition); when the mixed biological powder is composed of aloe vera powder and kelp powder, the ratio R=ALP/PEP of aloe vera powder and pectin powder should be set to R=2:1 (this ratio condition The corresponding water-saving efficiency η=17.688% under the condition of the ratio), R=1:2 (the corresponding water-saving efficiency η=17.549% under the condition of this ratio) or R=1:1 (the corresponding water-saving efficiency η= 17.131%); when the mixed bio-powder is composed of anti-drought treasure and pectin powder, the ratio R = DR/PEP of anti-drought treasure and pectin powder should be set to R = 2:1 (the corresponding water-saving efficiency η = 13.788%), R=1:1 (the corresponding water saving efficiency η=11.421% under this ratio condition) or R=1:2 (the corresponding water saving efficiency η=9.749% under this ratio condition); When combining aloe vera powder and drought-resistant treasure, the ratio R=ALP/DR of aloe vera powder and drought-resistant treasure should be set to R=2:1 (the corresponding water saving efficiency η=12.813% under this ratio), R=3:1 ( Under the condition of this ratio, the corresponding water-saving efficiency η=12.674%) or R=1:2 (the corresponding water-saving efficiency η=12.396% under this ratio condition); when the mixed biological powder is composed of aloe vera powder and elm powder, The ratio R=ALP/ELP of aloe vera powder and elm powder should be set to R=1:2 (the corresponding water saving efficiency η=11.699% under the condition of this ratio), R=2:1 (the corresponding water saving efficiency under the condition of this ratio) Efficiency η=11.142%) or R=1:1 (corresponding water saving efficiency η=10.028% under the condition of this ratio); when the mixed biological powder is composed of elm wood powder and pectin powder, elm wood powder and pectin powder The ratio R=ELP/PEP should be set to R=1:1 (the corresponding water saving efficiency η=9.889% under this ratio condition) or R=2:1 (the corresponding water saving efficiency η=9.471% under this ratio condition) .

The inventive core of the present invention is as follows: 1. Weigh several grams of drought-resistance reagents (bio-powder) according to different concentration gradients, then mix, after mixing evenly, add a certain amount of tap water according to the set moisture content, and configure it into a non-evaporating Saturated soil, wherein the concentration of the drought-resisting agent is the core of the present invention; 2. Using degradable bio-powder with a gelling effect to combine with water molecules in the cultivated soil to form non-Newtonian liquid water with strong evaporation resistance, In order to achieve the purpose of saving water resources, and the biomass powder provided in the present invention can achieve the effect of less dosage and high water saving efficiency, so the method provided by the present invention can be widely used in agricultural cultivation, and has considerable economy.

The principle of the present invention is as follows: when a drought-resistant agent (mixed biological powder) is added, the water molecules in the soil react with the biological powder particles to convert the original Newtonian liquid water into non-Newtonian liquid water. The viscosity is higher than that of Newtonian liquid water, and its resistance to escape from the soil under evaporation is also relatively large. Therefore, under the same evaporation conditions, the soil evaporation with the addition of drought-resistance reagents (mixed biomass powder) is also smaller, so as to achieve The purpose of reducing water evaporation.

The method embodiments are described as a series of action combinations for the sake of simple description, but those skilled in the art should know that the present invention is not limited by the described action sequence, because according to the present invention, some steps Other sequences or concurrently may be used. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also know that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and components involved are not necessarily required by the present invention.

The above provides a detailed introduction to the mixed biomass powder and the method for reducing soil moisture evaporation provided by the present invention. In this paper, specific examples are used to illustrate the principles and implementations of the present invention. The descriptions of the above examples are only used to help Understand the method of the present invention and its core idea; at the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification does not It should be understood as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The mixed biological powder is characterized by at least comprising any two of drought-resistant powder, aloe powder, kelp powder, pectin powder and elm wood powder, and is applied to reducing evaporation of water in soil.

2. The mixed biological flour of claim 1, wherein when the mixed biological flour comprises two biological flours, the ratio of the two mixed biological flours in the mixed biological flour is 3: 1-1: 3; wherein the mixed biological powder comprises any one of aloe powder-drought-resistant powder, aloe powder-pectin powder, aloe powder-elm wood powder, kelp powder-elm wood powder, drought-resistant powder-pectin powder and elm powder-pectin powder.

3. The mixed biological powder according to claim 2, wherein when the mixed biological powder is aloe powder-drought-resistant treasure, the ratio of the aloe powder to the drought-resistant treasure is 3: 1-1: 2;

when the mixed biological powder is aloe powder-pectin powder, the ratio of the aloe powder to the pectin powder is 2: 1-1: 2;

when the mixed biological powder is aloe powder-elm wood powder, the ratio of the aloe powder to the elm wood powder is 2: 1-1: 2;

when the mixed biological powder is kelp powder-elm wood powder, the ratio of the kelp powder to the elm wood powder is 2: 1-1: 2;

when the mixed biological powder is the drought-resistant agent-pectin powder, the ratio of the drought-resistant agent to the pectin powder is 2: 1-1: 2;

when the mixed biological powder is elm wood powder-pectin powder, the ratio of the elm wood powder to the pectin powder is 2: 1-1: 1.

4. The mixed bio powder of claim 1, wherein said mixed bio powder comprises polysaccharides, plant fibers; wherein the polysaccharide has thickening properties, converting Newtonian liquid water into non-Newtonian liquid water; the plant fiber has stability, and the non-Newtonian liquid water has stronger evaporation resistance.

5. The mixed bio powder according to claim 1, wherein the mixed bio powder is decomposed into water molecules and organic matter by soil microorganisms;

the water molecules provide moisture for soil and crops, and the organic matters are used as nutritional raw materials required by the growth of the crops.

6. A method for reducing soil moisture evaporation, using the mixed biological powder of any of claims 1-5, said method comprising:

step 1, mixing the mixed biological powder into surface soil to obtain soil containing the mixed biological powder;

and 2, pretreating the soil containing the mixed biological powder to prepare unsaturated soil to be evaporated.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in the step 1, the surface soil has a volume weight of 1g/cm³～2g/cm³(ii) a The mass ratio of the mixed biological powder to the surface soil is 0.01-0.1%.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the topsoil is a topsoil of a arable soil, the method of reducing soil moisture evaporation further comprising:

calculating the application amount of the mixed biological powder;

according to the calculated application amount, scattering mixed biological powder to the farmland soil, and mixing the pectin powder with the surface soil in a mechanical tillage mode;

the method for calculating the using amount of the mixed biological powder comprises the following steps:

the amount of the mixed biological powder used is equal to the surface area of the surface soil × the thickness of the surface soil × the bulk density of the surface soil × the mass ratio.

9. The method according to claim 6, wherein in the step 2, the preprocessing is: adding a certain amount of water into the soil containing the mixed biological powder according to a preset water content to prepare unsaturated soil to be evaporated;

wherein the initial moisture content of the unsaturated soil is between the retention moisture content and the saturation moisture content of the soil.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the water is newtonian liquid water, and the mixed biological powder converts the newtonian liquid water to non-newtonian liquid water.

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