CN111819941A - A kind of method using aloe vera powder to reduce soil moisture evaporation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for reducing soil moisture evaporation by utilizing aloe vera powder. The method includes: mixing aloe vera powder into the surface soil to obtain soil containing a certain concentration of aloe vera powder; and then adding a certain amount of water according to a preset moisture content to configure unsaturated soil to be evaporated. Through the method of the invention, the application amount of the aloe vera powder calculated according to the concentration of 0.2% to 0.4% is only 2 to 4t per hectare, and the aloe vera powder is applied to the cultivated soil according to the application amount, and the realized water saving efficiency is 10.568 %～10.748%. Through the method of the present invention, using aloe powder as the soil anti-evaporation additive, a water saving efficiency of 10.748% can be achieved (the concentration of the aloe powder is 0.4%), which has the advantages of high efficiency and water saving, and the method of the present invention also has the advantages of low cost, It has the characteristics of less dosage, wide range of raw materials, no pollution, improved soil fertility and good stability.

Description

A kind of method using aloe vera powder to reduce soil moisture evaporation

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural water conservancy engineering, in particular to a method for reducing soil moisture evaporation by utilizing aloe vera powder.

Background technique

Soil moisture is the link and central link between the land and the atmosphere, and participates in processes such as surface water cycle, energy and momentum exchange, and is an indispensable key parameter in ecosystems and climate systems. Especially in arid and semi-arid regions, soil moisture is an important indicator that can characterize soil conditions in arid regions. It affects the growth, distribution, and evolution of vegetation, and can also reflect and explain the degree of soil weathering. Soil water evaporation is an important part of soil water balance, and it is the process of soil water diffusion at the soil-atmosphere interface. Evaporation is a complex process that occurs inside the porous medium soil and at the interface between it and the atmosphere, including the transport of water in the soil and the evaporation on the soil surface. Soil evaporation is not only a component of ground heat balance, but also a component of water balance, which is affected by energy supply conditions, water vapor transport conditions, and water supply capacity of evaporative media. In arid and semi-arid regions, soil water evaporation is an important way of farmland water loss, especially in the vast desert Gobi areas, the violent evaporation of soil water has become one of the key factors restricting agricultural planting. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out research on the technology of inhibiting soil water evaporation and reducing soil ineffective evaporation for the rational development of water resources and the regulation of field water conditions.

At present, the research on the technology of inhibiting soil moisture evaporation mainly includes physical mulching methods (such as sand and gravel mulching, straw mulching, plastic film mulching), adding chemical water-retaining agents, adding biochar and other methods.

Covering with sand and gravel, some studies have shown that only when it reaches 5-10cm can it have obvious water-saving effect. Its shortcomings are also obvious. First, the demand for sand and gravel is large, resulting in high water-saving costs. When the gravel particle size, application amount, and different particle size ratios are set unreasonably, the cumulative soil evaporation may even increase. Secondly, due to the mechanical ploughing in the tillage process, the sand and gravel on the surface will be mixed with the soil, and the content of the sand and gravel on the surface will reduce the water-saving effect. Finally, after multiple rounds of planting and mulching with sand and gravel, the soil sand and gravel content will increase, which will inevitably lead to a decrease in the proportion of organic matter in the soil, resulting in the destruction of the soil structure, which is extremely unfavorable for the sustainable development of agriculture.

Straw mulching can enhance the infiltration of soil water, reduce the evaporation of soil water, and the decomposed straw can improve soil fertility and has the advantage of degradation. However, since the new crop straw will increase the tillage resistance, it will increase the energy consumption per unit of mechanical tillage to some extent.

Adding biochar to soil can reduce soil bulk density and density, increase soil porosity, change the distribution characteristics of soil aggregates, improve soil water holding capacity and water conductivity, and improve crop drought resistance. However, some studies have also shown that not all soils have the effect of saving water when biochar is added. When the amount of biochar is 0.05-0.1 g·g ^-1 , the water-holding capacity of sandy loam is reduced. Therefore, the method of adding biochar has strict requirements on the soil quality, and the application amount is relatively high.

The technology of film mulching and moisture conservation is widely used in the arid regions of northern my country. It has obvious characteristics such as water saving, heat preservation, production increase, and salt control. It also causes the problem of residual film pollution. On the one hand, the residual plastic film fragments in the soil will cause the reduction of soil aeration performance, the weakening of water permeability, and even destroy the normal circulation and exchange of soil air in the farmland. The final result will reduce the soil fertility level and soil compaction. On the other hand, plastic mulch can remain in the soil for hundreds of years, and it is extremely difficult to degrade under natural conditions. Years of agricultural film mulching and farming have accumulated residual film, resulting in increased soil infiltration resistance, reduced soil density, reduced field water storage, and ultimately reduced crop yields.

As a new type of water-retaining chemical product, water-retaining agent has significant water and fertilizer retention properties in agricultural land, forestry soil and water conservation and landscaping, and has good water and soil conservation benefits and economic value. However, there are also some problems with the effect of water-retaining agent on soil, such as how does the application of water-retaining agent affect the action mechanism of soil aggregates, how does water-retaining agent affect soil infiltration, and the application of water-retaining agent for different regions? The type, method of administration and dosage, etc. are not known.

To sum up, for the related technologies of inhibiting soil moisture evaporation, there have always been problems such as high pollution, high energy consumption per unit of mechanical farming, high dosage of additives, and unfavorable environmental protection.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a method for reducing soil moisture evaporation by utilizing aloe vera powder to solve the above problems.

The invention provides a method for reducing soil moisture evaporation by utilizing aloe vera powder, the method comprising:

Step 1, mixing aloe vera powder into the topsoil to obtain soil containing aloe vera powder;

In step 2, the soil containing aloe vera powder is pretreated and configured to be unsaturated soil to be evaporated.

Preferably, in the step 1, the thickness of the surface soil is 5cm-20cm;

The bulk density of the topsoil is 1 g/cm ³ to 2 g/cm ³ ; the mass ratio of the aloe powder to the topsoil is 0.2% to 0.8%.

Preferably, the surface soil is the surface layer of cultivated soil, and the method for reducing soil moisture evaporation further includes:

Calculate the amount of aloe vera powder applied;

According to the calculated amount of application, aloe vera powder is applied to the cultivated soil, and the aloe vera powder is mixed with the surface soil by the method of mechanical tillage;

Wherein, the consumption calculation method of described aloe powder is:

The amount of aloe vera powder = the surface area of the topsoil × the thickness of the topsoil × the bulk density of the topsoil × the mass ratio.

Preferably, in the step 2, the pretreatment is: according to a preset moisture content, adding a certain amount of water to the soil containing aloe vera powder to configure the unsaturated soil to be evaporated;

Wherein, the initial moisture content of the unsaturated soil is between the retained soil moisture content and the saturated moisture content.

Preferably, the aloe vera powder includes aloe vera gel, and the aloe vera gel has thickening properties and stability.

Preferably, the water belongs to Newtonian liquid water, and the aloe vera gel converts the Newtonian liquid water into non-Newtonian liquid water;

The evaporation resistance of the non-Newtonian liquid water is greater than the evaporation resistance of the Newtonian liquid water.

Preferably, the aloe powder includes polysaccharides; the polysaccharides include mannose, galactose, glucose, lectin, xylose, arabinose, glucomannan and rhamnose.

Preferably, the polysaccharide is decomposed into water molecules and organic matter;

The water molecules provide water for the soil and crops, and the organic matter serves as the nutrient raw material required for the growth of the crops.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for reducing soil moisture evaporation by using aloe vera powder. The method includes: mixing aloe vera powder into surface soil to obtain soil containing a certain concentration of aloe vera powder; and then adding a certain amount of aloe vera powder according to a preset moisture content amount of water, configured as unsaturated soil to be evaporated. According to the method of the invention, the application amount of the aloe vera powder calculated according to the concentration of the aloe vera powder of 0.2% to 0.4% is 2 to 4t/ha, and the aloe vera powder is applied to the cultivated soil according to the application amount, and the realized water saving efficiency is 10.568 %～10.748%. Through the method of the present invention, the aloe vera powder is used as the soil anti-evaporation additive, when the concentration is 0.4%, the water saving efficiency of 10.748% can be realized, so it has the advantages of high efficiency and water saving, and the method of the present invention also has the advantages of low cost, low cost and high efficiency. It has the characteristics of less amount, wide range of raw materials, no pollution, improved soil fertility and good stability.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 shows the flow chart of a kind of method embodiment of utilizing aloe vera powder to reduce soil moisture evaporation of the present invention;

Figure 2(a) shows a schematic diagram of the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture over time under the condition of a concentration of 0.2% additive in Example 1 of the present invention;

Figure 2(b) shows a schematic diagram of the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture over time under the condition of the additive concentration of 0.4% in Example 1 of the present invention;

Figure 2(c) shows a schematic diagram of the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture over time under the condition of a concentration of 0.6% additive in Example 1 of the present invention;

Figure 2(d) shows a schematic diagram of the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture over time under the condition of the additive concentration of 0.8% in Example 1 of the present invention;

Figure 3(a) shows a schematic diagram of the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture over time under the condition of the additive concentration of 0.01% in Example 2 of the present invention;

Figure 3(b) shows a schematic diagram of the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture over time under the condition of the additive concentration of 0.02% in Example 2 of the present invention;

Figure 3(c) shows a schematic diagram of the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture over time under the condition of a concentration of 0.03% additive in Example 2 of the present invention;

Figure 3(d) shows a schematic diagram of the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture over time under the condition of the additive concentration of 0.04% in Example 2 of the present invention;

Figure 4(a) shows a schematic diagram of the water-saving efficiency under the conditions of various concentrations of additives in Example 1 of the present invention;

Figure 4(b) shows a schematic diagram of the water-saving efficiency under the conditions of various concentrations of additives in Example 2 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and provides a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following implementation. example.

In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for reducing soil moisture evaporation by utilizing aloe vera powder, as shown in FIG. 1 , the method includes:

Step 1 (S101), mixing aloe vera powder into the topsoil to obtain soil comprising aloe vera powder;

In specific implementation, it can be divided into two application scenarios. The first is: the test scenario, according to the concentration gradients described in Table 5 and Table 6 of the present invention, a certain amount of aloe vera powder is evenly mixed with air-dried soil to obtain test soils with different concentration gradients.

The second is: water-saving scenarios in agricultural production. Before sowing, according to the concentration corresponding to the best water-saving efficiency described in Table 5 and Table 6 of the present invention, 2-4 t of aloe vera powder (that is, the surface of the cultivated soil) is applied. The content of aloe vera powder in the top 10cm soil is 0.2% to 0.4%).

In step 2 (S102), the soil containing aloe vera powder is pretreated and configured to be unsaturated soil to be evaporated.

During specific implementation, it can be divided into two application scenarios, respectively corresponding to the first and the second in the above step 1. Corresponding to the first application scenario, the operation process is as follows: then add a certain amount of tap water to the above-mentioned air-dried soil added with drought-resistance agent (aloe vera powder), and configure the soil to be evaporated with a certain moisture content. Corresponding to the second application scenario, the operation process is as follows: machine tillage the arable soil on which aloe vera powder is applied, and then irrigate the soil after applying the drought-resistance agent (aloe vera powder) after machine tillage. In some areas, no or little irrigation is required.

In the embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the step S101, the thickness of the topsoil is 5cm-20cm; the bulk density of the topsoil is 1g/cm3-2g/ ^{cm3 ;} the aloe vera powder accounts for all the The mass ratio of the topsoil is 0.1% to 0.8%; the application scenario corresponding to the mass ratio of 0.1% to 0.8% is the first application scenario; when the application scenario is the second agricultural production scenario, the most The optimum mass ratio range is 0.2% to 0.4%. It can be seen from the test that the water saving efficiency is higher in this concentration range, and in agricultural production, the application amount of aloe vera powder is calculated according to the surface layer of 10 cm.

In the embodiment of the present invention, on the other hand, when the application scenario is agricultural water saving, the surface soil is located on the surface layer of the cultivated soil, and the method for reducing soil moisture evaporation further includes:

Step 1 (S201), calculate the amount of application: calculate the amount of application according to the concentration corresponding to the best water-saving efficiency of the present invention;

Wherein, the consumption calculation method of described aloe powder is:

The amount of aloe vera powder = the surface area of the topsoil × the thickness of the topsoil × the bulk density of the topsoil × mass ratio; when implementing, in agricultural production, the amount of aloe vera powder applied is calculated according to the surface layer 10 cm, for example, the arable soil bulk density is 1.35 ×10 ³ t/m ³ , apply 0.2% aloe vera powder to the top 10cm soil, and the amount of aloe vera powder per hectare is: 10 ⁴ m ² ×0.1m×1.35×10 ³ t/m ³ ×0.2%= 2t.

Step 2 (S202), mechanical tillage mixing: during the sowing period, the aloe vera powder is applied to the cultivated land according to the addition amount calculated in step 1, and then the aloe vera powder and the surface soil are mixed by the mechanical tillage. On the other hand, it is convenient for sowing seeds, and finally it has the effect of loosening the soil, increasing the soil porosity and improving the soil water storage capacity;

Step 3 (S203): Irrigation after sowing (for northern regions), or no irrigation/small amount of water (for southern regions).

In the embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the S102, the pretreatment is: according to a preset moisture content, adding a certain amount of water to the soil containing aloe vera powder to configure the unsaturated soil to be evaporated ; wherein, the initial water content of the unsaturated soil is between the retention water content and the saturated water content of the soil, that is, greater than or equal to the retention water content, and less than or equal to the saturated water content;

In specific implementation, the value range of the initial water content can be 0.06 to 0.5, or different values can be obtained according to different soils. The basis of the value is: greater than or equal to the retention water content, and less than or equal to the saturated water content Wherein, the retained water content is also called the withering coefficient, that is, the soil water content when the plant produces permanent wilting, that is, the lower limit of the soil water amount (effective water) available to the plant; the saturated water content is also called is the saturated water content (total water holding capacity), that is, the soil water content when all the pores of the soil are filled with water.

In the embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the aloe vera powder includes aloe vera gel, and the aloe vera gel has thickening properties and stability.

In the embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the water belongs to Newtonian liquid water, and the aloe vera gel converts the Newtonian liquid water into non-Newtonian liquid water; the evaporation resistance of the non-Newtonian liquid water is greater than the evaporation of Newtonian liquid water The resistance, therefore, can reduce the rate of evaporation of water from the soil.

Wherein, the added water is Newtonian liquid water, and the aloe vera gel converts the Newtonian liquid water into non-Newtonian liquid water, and the evaporation resistance of non-Newtonian liquid water is greater than the evaporation resistance of Newtonian liquid water, so as to effectively reduce soil the amount of water evaporated. Moreover, the water molecules in the formed non-Newtonian liquid water can also be absorbed by the plant roots respectively, and the aloe vera powder in the non-Newtonian liquid water can also be absorbed by the plant roots after being decomposed.

In the embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the aloe powder includes polysaccharides; the polysaccharides include mannose, galactose, glucose, lectin, xylose, arabinose, glucomannan and rhamnose.

In the embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the polysaccharide is decomposed into water molecules and organic matter by soil microorganisms; the water molecules provide water for the soil and crops, and the organic matter serves as a nutrient raw material required for the growth of crops.

The method provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages:

(1) Wide range of materials: Aloe vera is a perennial herb that is distributed almost all over the world. There are wild aloe vera distributions in India and Malaysia, the African continent and the tropics. It is cultivated in Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and other places in China. There are at least 300 wild species of aloe vera, of which there are about 250 species in the African continent, about 40 species in Madagascar, and the remaining 10 species are distributed in Arabia and other places. The global aloe vera planting area is about 23,589 hectares, of which the planting area of the American continent is about 19,119 hectares, accounting for 81% of the global planting area; Australia, New Zealand and neighboring Pacific islands have a planting area of 4,170 hectares, accounting for the world's planting area. 18%. It can be said that the raw materials of aloe vera are widely distributed and the output is large, so the cost is relatively low.

(2) Less dosage: 5-10cm thick sand and gravel mulching is used to reduce soil evaporation. Assuming that the sand and gravel bulk density is 2.5×10 ³ t/m ³ and the covering thickness is 10 cm, then 10 ⁴ m ² ×0.1m× per hectare is required. 2.5×10 ³ t/m ³ =2500×10 ³ t sandstone. However, if aloe vera powder is used, assuming that the soil bulk density of the cultivated land is 1.35×10 ³ t/m ³ , and applying 0.3% aloe vera powder to the top 10 cm soil, only 10 ⁴ m ² ×0.1m×1.35×10 ³ t/hectare is needed per hectare. m ³ ×0.3%=3t, about 11% water saving efficiency can be achieved.

(3) No pollution: Aloe vera contains a large amount of polysaccharides. The polysaccharides in aloe vera mainly include more than 30 kinds of polysaccharides such as mannose, galactose, glucose, lectin, xylose, arabinose, glucomannan and rhamnose. The decomposed substances are carbohydrates. On the one hand, the decomposed water can supplement the soil moisture in a small amount, and the organic matter decomposed by soil microorganisms can also be used as the nutrient material required for the growth of crops for the growth of crops.

(4) Improve soil fertility: First, the organic matter decomposed by soil microorganisms not only provides nutritious raw materials for crop growth; second, organic matter can improve soil structure and prevent soil compaction; third, because organic matter has the function of enhancing soil aggregates, Therefore, it can also enhance soil water retention and aeration; fourth, it is also accompanied by the release of energy after decomposition and decay, which can promote crop root respiration. Therefore, the decomposed aloe vera powder has the function of improving soil fertility.

(5) Good stability: Since aloe vera contains a large amount of polysaccharides, the polysaccharides in aloe vera mainly include more than 30 kinds of polysaccharides, such as mannose, galactose, glucose, lectin, xylose, arabinose, glucomannan and rhamnose. kind. The content of aloe vera polysaccharide is different in different parts. The rhizome has more polysaccharide content, followed by leaf skin, and then the whole leaf. The polysaccharide content in aloe vera gel is the least, but the aloe vera polysaccharide contained in it is mostly essence, and it is also the most abundant. High quality, high content of aloe vera gel, so it has good thickening and stability.

In addition, using the technical solution provided by the present invention, due to factors such as the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, ionic strength, etc., the microenvironment of the aloe vera gel system will inevitably be affected or react with the substances in the system, thereby affecting the thickening and stability of the aloe vera gel aqueous solution. Therefore, when using aloe vera powder as a drought resistance agent, we must pay attention to the soil environment and choose suitable aloe vera products, that is, according to different soil environments, choose the best type of aloe vera powder.

In order for those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the method for reducing soil moisture evaporation by utilizing aloe vera powder of the present invention will be described below through a number of specific embodiments.

In the application example of the present invention, the soil treatment is divided into two cases, namely the high-concentration additive evaporation test (Example 1) and the low-concentration additive evaporation test (Example 2). The high concentration or low concentration in this embodiment refers to the mass ratio of aloe vera powder to the test soil.

Example 1 (high concentration additive evaporation test)

1) Test materials and instruments

In an application example of the present invention, the test soil is typical red loam soil in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, the test materials and the specifications/models of the test instruments are shown in Table 1, and the physical and chemical properties of the test soil particles are shown in Table 2.

Table 1 Test Materials and Instruments

Table 2 Physical and chemical properties of soil particles in the test

2) Test plan

In the application example of the present invention, the additives are anti-drought treasure and aloe vera powder respectively, and the test is divided into 9 groups: 1. a blank control experiment without adding any reagents in the soil; ② as an additive, the concentration of anti-drought treasure is set as 4 gradients, respectively C=0.2%, C=0.4%, C=0.6%, C=0.8%. ③ Aloe vera powder was used as an additive, and the concentration was set to 4 gradients, respectively C=0.2%, C=0.4%, C=0.6%, C=0.8%.

The test soil bulk density is set to 1.35g/cm ³ , the soil filling height is 15cm, and each evaporating dish is filled with 14.313kg of air-dried test soil. The two additives are fully mixed with the test soil according to the above concentration gradient and then loaded into a 15cm diameter evaporator. dish. Then, 5kg of tap water was added to each evaporation surface to configure the soil to be evaporated with a moisture content of 0.35.

In the first example of this application, the research area is located in Nanchang Institute of Engineering, Jiangxi Province. The start and end time of the test is from 08:00 on October 9, 2019 to 20:00 on October 15, 2019. The meteorological indicators during the test are shown in Table 3. Show:

Table 3: Weather data from 08:00 on October 9, 2019 to 20:00 on October 15, 2019

Remarks: "*" means "trace", "0" means no precipitation.

Among them, the soil to be evaporated can be understood as unsaturated soil, and the selected drought-resistant treasure is the drought-resistant treasure in the prior art.

3) Calculation of water saving efficiency:

The cumulative evaporation of soil moisture without adding plant powder is P ₀ (control experiment), the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture after adding plant powder is P _c , and the water-saving efficiency is η. The calculation formula is as follows:

In the formula, η≥0 means water saving, and η<0 means no water saving. The evaporation amount of each group of tests in the present invention is obtained by weighing the soil to be evaporated, and the weight change value of the soil to be evaporated is equal to the evaporation of water.

4) Application example results:

Figure 2(a, b, c, d) shows the time-dependent changes in the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture under high concentration conditions in the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4(a) shows a schematic diagram of water saving efficiency under high concentration conditions in an embodiment of the present invention.

In the first example of this application, the cumulative evaporation of soil water under high concentration conditions changes with time as shown in Figure 2(a, b, c, d), and the water saving efficiency under low concentration conditions is calculated according to formula (1). As shown in Table 5 and Figure 4(a).

Table 5 Water saving efficiency/% under the condition of high concentration of two additives

It can be seen from Fig. 2(a, b, c, d) that under the four concentrations, the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture increased rapidly in the period of about 0 to 72 h, and the slope of cumulative evaporation was large, regardless of whether it was anti-drought or aloe vera powder soil. After that, it showed a slow growth trend. The reason why the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture evaporates faster in the period of 0-72h is due to the relatively high average atmospheric temperature and total solar radiation in the first three days from October 9 to October 11.

It can be seen from Figure 2 (a, b, d) that under the four high concentration conditions, the cumulative evaporation of soil with aloe vera powder is less than the cumulative evaporation of soil with anti-drought treasure, and it is also smaller than the cumulative evaporation of soil in the control group. It shows that aloe vera powder has the effect of drought resistance and water saving under the condition of high concentration. It can be seen from Fig. 2(c) that when C=0.6%, the cumulative evaporation of the soil added with drought resistance and the comparative test almost overlaps. and C=0.8% of the drought-resistant treasure soil cumulative evaporation is greater than that of the control soil, which indicates that the drought-resistant treasure has no water-saving effect under the high concentration of Jiangxi red loam.

It can be seen from Table 5 and Figure 4(a) that for the soil with the addition of drought-resistant treasure, the water-saving efficiency is only 0.816%, which is negligible, except that the water-saving efficiency of the drought-resistant treasure concentration C=0.6% is positive. The water-saving efficiencies under the other three concentrations are all negative values, and the water-saving efficiency η is -2.008%, -4.705% and -4.266 when the concentration of anti-drought treasure is C=0.2%, C=0.4% and C=0.8%, respectively. %. For the soil added with aloe vera powder, the water-saving efficiencies at the four concentrations are all positive, and the water-saving efficiencies are in the following order: η=1.317% (C=0.6%)>η=1.192% (C=0.2%)>η= 1.129% (C=0.4%)>η=0.816% (C=0.8%). Comparing the two additives, the anti-drought treasure has no water-saving function for southern red loam under high concentration conditions, while aloe vera powder has a better water-saving effect.

Example 2 (low concentration additive evaporation test)

1) Test materials and instruments

In this example of the present invention, the test soil is typical red loam soil in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, the test materials and the specifications/models of the test instruments are shown in Table 1 above, and the physicochemical properties of the test soil particles are shown in Table 2 above.

2) Test plan

In the second application example of the present invention, the additives are anti-drought treasure and aloe vera powder respectively, and the test is divided into 9 groups: 1. a blank control experiment without adding any reagents in the soil; ② as an additive, the concentration of anti-drought treasure is set as 4 gradients , C=0.01%, C=0.02%, C=0.03%, C=0.04%, respectively. ③ Aloe vera powder was used as an additive, and the concentration was set to 4 gradients, namely C=0.01%, C=0.02%, C=0.03%, and C=0.04%. Among them, the concentration C=0.01% represents: the mass ratio is 0.1g/kg, the concentration C=0.02% represents: the mass ratio is 0.2g/kg, the concentration C=0.03% represents: the mass ratio is 0.3g/kg, the concentration C= 0.04% represents: the mass ratio is 0.4g/kg.

The test soil bulk density is set to 1.35g/cm ³ , the soil filling height is 15cm, and each evaporating dish is filled with 14.313kg of air-dried test soil. The two additives are fully mixed with the test soil according to the above concentration gradient and then loaded into a 15cm diameter evaporator. dish. Then, 5kg of tap water was added to each evaporation surface to configure the soil to be evaporated with a moisture content of 0.35.

In the second example of this application, the research area is located in Nanchang Institute of Engineering, Jiangxi Province. The start and end time of the experiment is from 08:00 on November 2, 2019 to 20:00 on November 17, 2019. The meteorological indicators during the experiment are shown in Table 4. Show:

Table 4: Meteorological data from 08:00 on November 2, 2019 to 20:00 on November 17, 2019

Remarks: "*" means "trace", "0" means no precipitation.

Among them, the soil to be evaporated can be understood as unsaturated soil, and the selected drought-resistant treasure is the drought-resistant treasure in the prior art.

3) Calculation of water saving efficiency:

The cumulative evaporation of soil moisture without adding plant powder is P ₀ (control experiment), the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture after adding plant powder is P _c , and the water-saving efficiency is η. The calculation formula is as follows:

In the formula, η≥0 means water saving, and η<0 means no water saving. The calculation formula of water saving efficiency is the same as the calculation formula of water saving efficiency in Example 1.

4) Application example results:

Fig. 3(a, b, c, d) shows the variation of the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture with time under the condition of low concentration in the embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4(b) shows a schematic diagram of water saving efficiency under low concentration conditions in an embodiment of the present invention.

In the example of this application, the time-dependent changes of soil moisture cumulative evaporation under low concentration conditions are shown in Figure 3(a, b, c, d), and the water saving efficiency under low concentration conditions calculated according to formula (1) is shown in Table 6 and shown in Figure 4(b).

Table 6 Water saving efficiency/% under the condition of low concentration of two additives

It can be seen from Figure 3 (a, b, c, d) that under the four concentrations, whether it is the drought-resistant treasure or the aloe powder soil, the slope of the cumulative evaporation of soil moisture is large in the period of about 0 to 92 hours, and then shows a slow increase. trend. The reason why the cumulative evaporation of soil water evaporates faster in the period of 0-92h is that the average atmospheric temperature (≈20.7℃) during the first four days from November 2 to November 5, and the total daily solar radiation Relatively high (≈15MJ/m ² ).

It can be seen from Figure 3 (a, b, c, d) that when the concentration C = 0.02%, the order of cumulative evaporation is: control group > drought-resistant treasure > aloe vera powder. The cumulative evaporation under the three concentration conditions of C=0.01%, C=0.03% and C=0.04% all showed: control group> aloe vera powder> anti-drought treasure. This shows that both additives have water-saving effects under low concentration conditions (C=0.01%-0.04%), and the overall water-saving effect of anti-drought treasure is better than that of aloe vera powder.

It can be seen from Table 6 and Figure 4(b) that for the soil with the addition of anti-drought treasure, the water-saving efficiencies under the four low-concentration conditions are all positive, and the water-saving efficiencies are as follows: η=6.269% (C=0.01%)> η=5.839% (C=0.03%)>η=4.465% (C=0.02%)>η=4.122% (C=0.04%). For the soil with the addition of aloe vera gel, the water-saving efficiencies at the four concentrations are also positive, and the water-saving efficiencies are in the following order: η=5.882% (C=0.02%)>η=5.539% (C=0.03%)>η =3.821% (C=0.01%)>η=2.061% (C=0.04%). Comparing the two additives, comparing the two additives, under the condition of low concentration, the water-saving efficiency of anti-drought treasure is better than the water-saving efficiency of aloe vera powder.

To sum up, it can be seen from Examples 1 and 2 that, under high concentration conditions, anti-drought treasure has no water-saving effect, while aloe vera powder has significant water-saving efficiency; under low concentration conditions, both anti-drought treasure and aloe vera powder have water-saving effects. On the whole, the water-saving effect of drought-resistant treasure is better than that of aloe vera powder. When aloe vera powder is used as soil anti-evaporation additive, the high concentration water saving effect is better, the concentration should be controlled in the range of C=0.2%～C=0.4%, the water saving effect is the best when C=0.4%, and the water saving efficiency can reach 10.75 %.

The core of the present invention is: 1. Weigh several grams of drought-resistant reagents (bio-powder) according to different concentration gradients, then mix, and after mixing evenly, add a certain amount of tap water according to the set moisture content to configure the unsaturated to be evaporated Soil, wherein the concentration of the drought-resisting agent is the core of the present invention; 2. Using degradable aloe vera powder with gel action, combined with the moisture in the cultivated soil, to form non-Newtonian liquid water with larger evaporation resistance, to achieve The purpose of saving water resources, and the biomass powder provided in the present invention can achieve the effect of less dosage and high water saving efficiency, so the method provided by the present invention can be widely used in agricultural cultivation, and has considerable economy.

The principle of the present invention is: when the drought-resistant agent (aloe powder) is added, the water molecules in the soil react with the aloe particles to convert the original Newtonian liquid water into non-Newtonian liquid water, because the viscosity of this non-Newtonian liquid water is relatively high The viscosity of Newtonian liquid water is large, and its resistance to escaping from the soil under evaporation is also relatively large. Therefore, under the same evaporation conditions, the amount of soil evaporation added with drought-resistant agents (aloe vera powder) is also small, thereby reducing water evaporation. the goal of.

The method embodiments are described as a series of action combinations for the sake of simple description, but those skilled in the art should know that the present invention is not limited by the described action sequence, because according to the present invention, some steps Other sequences or concurrently may be used. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also know that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and components involved are not necessarily required by the present invention.

A method for reducing soil moisture evaporation by using aloe vera powder provided by the present invention has been described in detail above. The principles and implementations of the present invention are described with specific examples in this paper. The descriptions of the above examples are only used to help understanding The method of the present invention and its core idea; at the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be It is construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a method utilizing aloe powder to reduce soil moisture evaporation, is characterized in that, described method comprises: Step 1, mixing aloe vera powder into the topsoil to obtain soil containing aloe vera powder; In step 2, the soil containing aloe vera powder is pretreated and configured to be unsaturated soil to be evaporated. 2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein, in the step 1, the thickness of the surface soil is 5 cm to 20 cm; 3 . The bulk density of the topsoil is 1 g/cm ³ to 2 g/cm ³ ; the mass ratio of the aloe vera powder to the topsoil is 0.2% to 0.8%. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the soil is surface cultivated soil, and the method for reducing soil moisture evaporation further comprises: Calculate the amount of aloe vera powder applied; According to the calculated application amount, aloe vera powder is applied to the cultivated soil, and the aloe vera powder is mixed with the surface soil by the method of mechanical tillage; Wherein, the consumption calculation method of described aloe powder is: The amount of aloe vera powder = the surface area of the topsoil × the thickness of the topsoil × the bulk density of the topsoil × the mass ratio. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the pretreatment is: according to a preset moisture content, add a certain amount of water to the soil containing aloe powder, and configure unsaturated soil to be evaporated; Wherein, the initial moisture content of the unsaturated soil is between the retained soil moisture content and the saturated moisture content. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the aloe vera powder comprises aloe vera gel, and the aloe vera gel has thickening properties and stability. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the water belongs to Newtonian liquid water, and the aloe vera gel converts the Newtonian liquid water into non-Newtonian liquid water; The evaporation resistance of the non-Newtonian liquid water is greater than the evaporation resistance of the Newtonian liquid water. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the aloe vera powder comprises polysaccharides; the polysaccharides comprise mannose, galactose, glucose, lectin, xylose, arabinose, glucomannan and murine Plum sugar. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the polysaccharide is decomposed into water molecules and organic matter; The water molecules provide water for the soil and crops, and the organic matter serves as the nutrient raw material required for the growth of the crops.

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