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CN111805994B - 超强强力交叉层压膜自粘防水卷材材料及制备工艺 - Google Patents

超强强力交叉层压膜自粘防水卷材材料及制备工艺 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111805994B
CN111805994B CN202010735197.9A CN202010735197A CN111805994B CN 111805994 B CN111805994 B CN 111805994B CN 202010735197 A CN202010735197 A CN 202010735197A CN 111805994 B CN111805994 B CN 111805994B
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China
Prior art keywords
self
sand
adhesive
laminated film
asphalt
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CN111805994A (zh
Inventor
赵东奇
宋精锋
李清宇
张�成
曹贤
鲁涛
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Tianjin Zhuobao Technology Co ltd
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Tianjin Zhuobao Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202010735197.9A priority Critical patent/CN111805994B/zh
Publication of CN111805994A publication Critical patent/CN111805994A/zh
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Publication of CN111805994B publication Critical patent/CN111805994B/zh
Priority to US17/918,855 priority patent/US20230234336A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/108630 priority patent/WO2022022500A1/zh
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种超强强力交叉层压膜自粘防水卷材，从上至下依次包括隔离保护层、非沥青基自粘层、强力交叉层压膜、沥青自粘层和PE隔离膜，在卷材上表面一侧为搭接边，在卷材下表面另一侧也留有搭接边。本发明提供的防水卷材与后浇混凝土粘接性能好于沥青基卷材，可以与主体结构更好地粘合(即预铺反粘卷材)，卷材中间的强力交叉层压膜有很好的延展性，在基层发生轻微沉降或者主体结构轻微变形时卷材还可以继续与主体结构保持很好的粘合，不会脱开，还会有很好的防水效果。

Description

超强强力交叉层压膜自粘防水卷材材料及制备工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及防水材料领域,具体涉及一种超强强力交叉层压膜自粘防水卷材材料及制备工艺。
背景技术
强力交叉层压膜自粘防水卷材是以热熔胶、热塑性弹性体、优质沥青、增粘剂及抗老化剂为基料的高性能、冷施工的无胎防水卷材。施工过程中，防水卷材将隔离膜去掉后直接铺在基层上，铺设防水卷材后，在卷材上表面(砂面)绑扎钢筋、浇铸混凝土，实现防水功能。现有技术的强力交叉层压膜自粘防水卷材大多数采用强力交叉膜一侧或两侧涂盖沥青基自粘胶料，上述防水卷材能够获得很好的防水效果，但是在实际应用过程中，有两点不足，其一、现有防水材料施工方式为外防外贴，卷材与垫层粘结，俗称“雨衣式”防水。防水层破坏时，由于卷材与主体结构是分离的，存在窜水层，一旦渗漏窜水，很难找到找渗漏点，对后期维修带来困难；其二，S-CLFI代是改性沥青胶料通砂子过与后浇混凝土粘结，由于卷材厚度只有1.5mm，卷材中间强力交叉层压膜上方沥青胶料偏薄，与后浇混凝土粘结强度没有同样厚度的热熔胶大。当基层发生较大沉降或者主体结构产生较大变形时，沥青胶料有可能与主体结构剥离使防水效果下降，存在漏水隐患。本发明基于上述的防水结构，进行深入研发，充分发挥改性砂与热熔胶以及建筑物主体结构后浇混凝土粘接强度大的特点，制备了防水效果更好的强力交叉层压膜自粘防水卷材。
专利文献CN210362755U公开一种具有防窜水功能的新型防水卷材，其特征在于：包括砂粒层、热熔胶层、拒水无纺布层、三元乙丙橡胶或聚氯乙烯或醋酸乙烯酯或聚乙烯或高密度聚乙烯或聚烯烃类热塑性弹性体层,其中砂粒层、热熔胶层、拒水无纺布层、三元乙丙橡胶或聚氯乙烯或醋酸乙烯酯或聚乙烯或高密度聚乙烯或聚烯烃类热塑性弹性体层按由上至下的顺序依次层叠设置一起。该专利文献中拒水无纺布层的延伸性不足，随着建筑物主体结构变形或沉降有断裂风险，使防水卷材失去防水效果。
专利文献CN105415790A公开一种快速反应粘强力交叉膜自粘防水卷材，其特征在于：所述防水卷材自上而下依次包括上覆面层、反应型湿铺自粘胶质层和下覆面层，所述上覆面层的周围边缘设有搭接边即边膜；所述上覆面层为强力交叉叠压聚乙烯膜，所述强力交叉叠压聚乙烯膜是由两层高密度聚乙烯膜45°交叉复合热压形成；所述搭接边为涂硅隔离膜，所述下覆面层也采用涂硅隔离膜，所述涂硅隔离膜为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯涂硅隔离膜。该专利卷材中间交叉层压膜上下胶料边膜均为隔离膜，是作为湿铺卷材使用，施工时卷材与垫层粘接，同时，卷材上表面隔离膜揭除后施工人员在卷材上行走粘脚，施工便利性较差。
发明内容
为解决现有技术问题，本发明提供了一种超强强力交叉层压膜自粘防水卷材材料及制备工艺，本发明提供的防水卷材与后浇混凝土粘接性能好于沥青基卷材，可以与主体结构更好地粘合(即预铺反粘卷材)，卷材中间的强力交叉层压膜有很好的延展性，在基层发生轻微沉降或者主体结构轻微变形时卷材还可以继续与主体结构保持很好的粘合，不会脱开，还会有很好的防水效果。
本发明实现目的的技术方案如下：
一种超强强力交叉层压膜自粘防水卷材，从上至下依次包括隔离保护层、非沥青基自粘层、强力交叉层压膜、沥青自粘层和PE隔离膜，在卷材一侧为搭接边，在卷材下表面另一侧也留有搭接边。
而且，所述强力交叉层压膜是由四层高密度聚乙烯膜相互90°交叉叠加复合热压形成，四层膜的总厚度为0.265±0.05mm。
而且，所述沥青基自粘层的配方和制备方法如下：
Figure BDA0002604754430000021
而且，所述非沥青基自粘层为热熔胶。
而且，所述热熔胶配方：
Figure BDA0002604754430000022
Figure BDA0002604754430000031
而且，所述隔离保护层为砂子，砂子的颗粒度30-40目30-45％，40-60目的30-50％，余量为60-70目。
而且，所述砂子的制备方法为：白水泥60-70份、白水泥生料10-20份、晶种1-3份、萤石10-20份，所有成分粉碎后制浆、制坯、烧结，烧结温度1200-1400℃，烧结后粉碎，过筛。
而且，所述砂子为改性砂子，改性方法为：按比例计量好的砂子在高速混合机并进行预热，预热到温度100-110℃，混合预热过程中敞口烘干，预热120-125分钟，使砂子含水率低于0.3％，然后再混合机中按比例缓慢加入偶联剂，偶联剂加入量为砂子总重量的4-5％，改性30-35分钟，取出放置常温备用，改性过程中推荐一直保持100-110℃。
而且，所述偶联剂为A-1100。
而且，所述超强强力交叉层压膜自粘防水卷材的制备工艺为：
⑴沥青胶料成型：对辊成型，浇注温度应控制在140±10℃；
⑵热熔胶刮涂工序：热熔胶自粘层刮涂温度控制在145±10℃；
⑶隔离层撒砂控制：撒砂要求均匀不露胶；压砂：开启压砂装置，压力控制在0.4～0.6MPa；
⑷收卷成品入库。
本发明的优点和经济效果是：
1、本发明提供的超强强力交叉层压膜自粘防水卷材的构造，其独特的构造提升了卷材的各项物理性能，卷材较高的拉伸强度及撕裂强度，同时又具有很好的延伸性，赋予了卷材更好的施工应用性。高抗撕裂强度、高拉伸强度以及很好的延伸性使卷材能够适应复杂的施工环境，例如基层变形较大、应力集中的部位。
2、本发明提供的强力交叉层压膜自粘防水卷材0.265mm+0.05厚选择强力交叉层压膜，膜的自身柔顺性好，施工时比较服帖，施工现场基坑、桩头、阴阳角等部位也容易施工，在施工时卷材平整顺直，搭接时完全实现“胶粘胶”，简便可靠，搭接边不会翘起。
3、本发明提供的防水卷材上表面的改性砂子可以有效反射紫外线，在保护层施工不及时的时候可以很好的保护卷材，防止其老化，而且还可以起到隔离作用，便于施工人员在卷材上行走施工，提高施工效率。
4、本发明提供的强力交叉层压膜自粘防水卷材厚度为1.5mm，也有最大厚度为2mm的型号。与传统防水卷材相比减轻了质量，降低了厚度，工人施工更加便利。
5、本发明提供的防水卷材的砂子中使用硅烷偶联剂γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTS)对砂子进行修饰，它的可水解基团与砂子表面或后浇混凝土中的羟基发生缩合反应，它的有机基团又与热熔胶中的聚合物形成化学键合，在无机物与聚合物之间起到了架桥作用，从而提高了卷材与主体结构后浇混凝土的剥离强度，使卷材防水效果更佳。
6、本发明提供的防水卷材粘结可靠、便于检修。使用的热熔胶为压敏胶，也称“不干胶”，具有流动性、渗透性、蠕变性、密封性，能够弥补混凝土基层表面的微裂缝，对混凝土基层起到密封效果，并且能使卷材与混凝土粘结更加牢固，有效控制窜水现象，真正实现防水材料与防水主体融为一体的目标。即使卷材出现一些局部破坏，水都会被限定在很小的范围内，不窜流。即使出现个别的渗漏点，渗漏点也会与破坏点一致，极易检修。
7、采预铺法施工，对基面要求低，节省工期。卷材为预铺反粘，不需要打保护层，节约一层保护层。另外，潮湿甚至未找平基层均可施工，无须底涂及预处理，施工自由度高，不受天气影响，可大大节约工期。
8、本发明提供的热熔胶具有很好的低温粘结性能，能够在-5℃左右环境温度下施工，有利于冬季工期较紧的项目施工。
附图说明
图1为本发明卷材的层状结构图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例进一步阐述本发明。下述实施例中所用的原料及设备,如无特别说明,均为市售。
一种超强强力交叉层压膜自粘防水卷材材料，从上至下依次包括隔离保护层2、非沥青基自粘层3、强力交叉层压膜4、沥青自粘层5和PE隔离膜6，在卷材一侧为搭接边1和7，搭接边材质为PET隔离边膜。
上述材料中隔离保护层为砂层(砂子的颗粒度30-40目30-45％，40-60目的30-50％，余量为60-70目)、非沥青基自粘层为热熔胶层(厚度0.3-0.5mm)、沥青自粘层(厚度1.0-1.2mm)、PE隔离膜为市售隔离膜。
所述强力交叉层压膜是由四层高密度聚乙烯膜相互90°交叉叠加复合热压形成，四层膜的总厚度0.265mm厚四层复合交叉层压膜(HDPE膜)，四层交错设置能够进一步增加交叉层压膜的拉伸强度、撕裂强度，同时保留PE膜的高延伸率。0.265mm厚能够保证卷材的成型性能，厚度过大，卷材成型差，强度反而低。厚度过小，拉伸强度反而太大，降低膜的韧性，反而对延展防水性不利，因此本申请选择交叉层压膜0.265mm±0.05厚，即能够保证膜的韧性，还能够满足延展性。
所述沥青基自粘层的配方和制备方法如下：
Figure BDA0002604754430000051
沥青基自粘层的制备方法如下：
1沥青自粘层配料
1.2沥青计量，误差不得超过±20kg；
1.3软化油计量：误差不得超过±20kg。
1.4升温：升温超过150℃即可按照配方要求量加入SBS等改性剂，继续升温至(180±10)℃，保持温度并搅拌(120±20)min。
1.5研磨分散：研磨间隙控制在2mm，研磨2次，总时间控制在(50-60)min，研磨期间温度保持在(180±10)℃；
1.6添加助剂、填料：转锅按照配方量加入助剂、填料，保持温度在(170±10)℃的条件下搅拌60min；
本发明除了使用市售砂子以外，还推荐使用本发明的特制砂子，因为普通砂子是粉碎的，比较硬，棱棱角角，容易破坏卷材，和水泥砂浆的结合强度大。
本发明采用白水泥烧制的砂子，特制砂子的制备方法为：白水泥60-70份、水泥生料10-20份、晶种(推荐使用硅酸盐熟料或白水泥熟料)1-3份、萤石(或萤石尾矿)10-20份，上述成分破碎后制浆、制坯、烧结，烧结温度1200-1400℃，烧结后粉碎，过筛，至砂子的颗粒度30-40目30-45％，40-60目的30-50％，余量为60-70目。
其中，白水泥为由白色硅盐水泥熟料加入石膏，磨细制成的水硬性胶凝材料。磨制水泥时允许加入不超过水泥质量5％的石灰石。硅酸盐熟料的标准为《GB/T 21372-2008水泥熟料》，水泥生料标准为《GSB 08-1353-2017》。
特制砂再经过改性后，应用到本发明的卷材中，改性方法为：按比例计量好的砂子在高速混合机并进行预热，预热到温度100-110℃，混合预热过程中敞口烘干，预热120-125分钟，使砂子含水率低于0.3％，然后再混合机中按比例缓慢加入偶联剂，偶联剂加入量为砂子总重量的4-5％，注意勿使偶联剂被搅拌桨打到混合机内壁，改性30-35分钟，取出放置常温备用，改性过程中推荐一直保持100-110℃。偶联剂推荐使用美国迈图硅烷偶联剂A-1100。改性后的砂子粘接强度大，与胶粘剂和水泥的结合轻度更高，通过实验证实，其结合强度增加30％以上。
在无水条件下硅氧烷键直接与二氧化硅表面羟基反应实现修饰：
Figure BDA0002604754430000061
硅烷偶联剂中含有两种不同的化学官能面，它的一段(硅氧烷端)可与无机材料(如玻璃纤维，硅酸盐，金属氧化物)等表面的硅醇基团反应生成共价键，另一端又可以与树脂生成共价键，从而偶联，增强复合材料的性能。
所述热熔胶配方：
序号 名称 产地 规格 投料份数
1 SIS 巴陵石化 1225 12.5
2 SEBS 巴陵石化 YH-501T 26.5
3 环烷油 克拉玛依 KN 4006 19.2
4 C5氢化树脂 兰州石化 S-100 41
5 偶联剂 南京向前化工有限公司 KH570 0.5
6 防老剂 德国拜耳公司 264 0.3
热熔胶生产方法为：
1、油品计量，误差不得超过±5kg
2、升温：升温超过150℃即可按照配方要求量加入SIS、SEBS等改性剂，继续升温至(170±5)℃，保持温度并搅拌(150±20)min。
3、添加树脂、偶联剂、防老剂：保持温度在(170±5)℃的条件下搅拌60min；
4、热熔胶成型。
从放料口放出热熔胶到模具，冷却、包膜、装箱、入库。
本发明提供的强力交叉层压膜自粘防水卷材材料的生产工艺如下：总体采用上表面热熔挤出，下表面对辊成型的工艺。
1、沥青胶料成型：对辊成型，浇注温度应控制在(140±10)℃。
2、热熔胶刮涂工序：
热熔胶自粘层刮涂温度控制在(145±10)℃。
3、隔离层撒砂控制：撒砂要求均匀不露胶。
压砂：开启压砂装置，压力控制在0.4～0.6MPa。
4、收卷成品入库。
经过试验验证：强力交叉层压膜自粘防水卷材非沥青基面与后浇混凝土剥离强度远大于沥青面与后浇混凝土剥离强度，大约是原来的130-150％。
本发明制备的卷材的性能如下：
Figure BDA0002604754430000071
Figure BDA0002604754430000081

Claims (3)

1.一种超强强力交叉层压膜自粘防水卷材，其特征在于：从上至下依次包括隔离保护层、非沥青基自粘层、强力交叉层压膜、沥青自粘层和PE隔离膜，在卷材一侧为搭接边，在卷材下表面另一侧也留有搭接边；
所述强力交叉层压膜是由四层高密度聚乙烯膜相互90°交叉叠加复合热压形成，四层膜的总厚度为0.265+0.05mm；
所述非沥青基自粘层为热熔胶；
所述隔离保护层为砂子，砂子的颗粒度30-40目30-45%，40-60目的30-50%，余量为60-70目；
所述砂子的制备方法为：白水泥60-70份、白水泥生料10-20份、晶种1-3份、萤石10-20份，所有成分粉碎后制浆、制坯、烧结，烧结温度1200-1400℃，烧结后粉碎，过筛；
所述晶种为硅酸盐熟料或白水泥熟料；
所述砂子为改性砂子，改性方法为：按比例计量好的砂子在高速混合机并进行预热，预热到温度100-110℃，混合预热过程中敞口烘干，预热120-125分钟，使砂子含水率低于0.3%，然后在混合机中按比例加入偶联剂，偶联剂加入量为砂子总重量的4-5%，改性30-35分钟，改性过程中一直保持100-110℃，改性完成后取出放置常温备用；
所述偶联剂为A-1100；
所述热熔胶配方：
成分 重量份数
SIS 10~15
SEBS 22~25
环烷油 15~20
C5氢化树脂 35~45
偶联剂 0.2~0.6
防老剂 0.1~0.3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的超强强力交叉层压膜自粘防水卷材，其特征在于：所述沥青自粘层的配方如下：
成分 重量份数
沥青 42-48
软化油 8-15
SBS 6-10
SBR 2-5
增粘剂 2-4
滑石粉 28-34
紫外吸收剂 0.1-0.4
界面剂 0.2-0.5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的超强强力交叉层压膜自粘防水卷材，其特征在于：所述超强强力交叉层压膜自粘防水卷材的制备工艺为：
⑴沥青胶料成型：对辊成型，胶料温度控制在140±10℃；
⑵热熔胶刮涂工序：热熔胶非沥青基自粘层刮涂温度控制在145±10℃；
⑶隔离保护层撒砂控制：撒砂要求均匀不露胶；压砂：开启压砂装置，压力控制在0.4~0.6MPa；
⑷收卷成品入库。
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