CN111743711A - Wake-up aids for the elderly - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an old man getting-up auxiliary device, which comprises a bed middle frame, an upper half body lifting mechanism, a leg bending and sagging mechanism and a rotating mechanism, wherein the upper half body lifting mechanism and the leg bending and sagging mechanism are respectively arranged at two ends of the bed middle frame; the bed plate part is driven to incline by the screw rod to assist the old to get up; the side position is raised through the rotation of the bed board.

Description

Wake-up aids for the elderly

technical field

The invention relates to the field of auxiliary devices for the elderly, in particular to an auxiliary device for getting up for the elderly.

Background technique

With the increase of age, after entering old age, the body functions rapidly weaken, especially the mobility of the joints becomes weak, resulting in the inability to complete many movements, especially the movements that require the use of the joints of the whole body when getting up, especially the elderly with joint diseases. particularly difficult.

Now there are auxiliary devices on the market to help the elderly get up, but the above-mentioned devices all have major drawbacks (that is, it is inconvenient for the elderly to get up). The bed board is tilted upward to assist the old man to bend his waist to get up, but the old man's feet are still placed on the bed board. When the old man gets up, he needs to bend his feet and use his feet to rotate himself 90 degrees, so as to achieve the effect of getting up from the side, and the old man can use it immediately. for inconvenience.

Patent No.: 201621444839.5 The patent name is an elderly health functional bed. The above-mentioned patent bends the legs of the elderly and lifts the shoulders through the leg-lifting and knee-curving module and the upper body lifting and falling module. Lift the old man's legs up, and the old man needs to turn himself to get up. At the same time, the knee lift module lifts the old man's knees. Although the legs are bent, the old man is still lying on the bed. In this way, the effect of assisting the elderly to get up is minimal, and it is not convenient to assist the elderly to get up.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes an assisting device for getting up for the elderly, which is convenient for lifting the shoulders of the elderly and lowering the feet, so that the bed body is turned into a seat shape, which is convenient for the elderly to get up, and at the same time changes After the seat is formed, the elderly can get up from the side through the rotation of the seat, so that it is more convenient for the elderly to get up. At the same time, the lead screw is used to drive the bed board to tilt, which is convenient to ensure the safety of the elderly when getting up. Touch the switch, so that the elderly can tilt the bed at different angles according to their own habits.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the scheme of the present invention: an auxiliary device for getting up for the elderly, comprising a bed middle frame, an upper body lifting mechanism, a leg bending and sagging mechanism and a rotating mechanism, and an upper body lifting mechanism is respectively provided at both ends of the bed middle frame. and the leg bending and sagging mechanism, a bed support assembly is arranged under the upper body lifting mechanism and the leg bending and sagging mechanism, and the bed support assembly includes a bed head support frame and a bed foot support frame, and the bed under the leg bending and sagging mechanism The foot support frame is provided with a swing mechanism for lowering the bed foot support frame, and the upper body lifting mechanism and the leg bending and sagging mechanism are supported through the support components; a rotating mechanism is arranged under the bed middle frame, and the bed is driven by the rotating mechanism. The frame rotates, and at the same time, the middle frame drives the upper body lifting mechanism and the leg bending and sagging mechanism to rotate synchronously.

Preferably, the upper body lifting mechanism includes a bedside frame, a fixed frame, an upper body lifting lead screw and a first drive motor, wherein the bedside frame is hinged on one end of the bed middle frame, and a fixed frame is provided on the outer periphery of the bedside frame and The fixed frame is fixed on the middle frame of the bed, and the upper body push screw is fixed on the fixed frame, wherein one end of the upper body push screw is fixed with the first drive motor, and a nut is arranged between the nut of the upper body push screw and the bottom of the bedside frame. The first support rod and the two ends of the first support rod are respectively hinged with the nut of the upper body pushing screw and the bottom of the bedside frame.

Preferably, the leg bending and sagging mechanism includes a bed end frame, a leg sagging lead screw, a second support rod and a second driving motor, the bed end frame is hinged to an end of the bed middle frame away from the upper body lifting mechanism, and is fixed at the bottom of the bed middle frame There is a leg hanging screw and the leg hanging screw is vertically arranged, a second driving motor is fixed at the bottom end of the leg hanging screw, and a second support rod is arranged between the nut of the leg hanging screw and the bed end frame , one end of the second support rod is hingedly connected with the bed end frame, and the other end of the second support rod is hinged with the nut of the leg drooping lead screw; the swing assembly below the leg bending and drooping mechanism includes a third lead screw, a third support The rod and the third drive motor, wherein the bottom of the bed foot support frame is hinged with the bed base, a third lead screw is also arranged between the bed foot support frame and the bed base, and one end of the third lead screw is fixed to drive the third lead screw The moving third drive motor has a third support rod between the nut of the third lead screw and the bed foot support frame, and one end of the third support rod is hinged with the bed foot support frame, and the third support rod The other end is connected by means of hinges.

Preferably, the rotating mechanism includes a rotating shaft, a gear box and a rotating motor, wherein the top of the rotating shaft is fixed on the bed, the bottom of the rotating shaft is fixed on the bed base through a bearing, a gear box is arranged on the bed base, and the rotating shaft passes through the gear The gear train in the gear box drives the rotating shaft to rotate, and a rotating motor is fixed on the input shaft of the gear box.

Preferably, the power switches of the first drive motor, the second drive motor, the third drive motor and the rotary motor are touch switches, and the touch switches are fixed on the movable remote control, and the rotary motors are self-locked when the power is turned off. .

Preferably, a rubber pad is arranged on the top of each support assembly, and a rubber cover matched with the rubber pads is arranged at the bottom of the bedside frame and the bedside frame. When the bedside frame and the bedside frame are horizontally arranged, the rubber pads invade into the rubber boot.

Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: (1) the lead screw drives the inclination of the bed board to assist the elderly to get up; (2) the bed board is rotated to achieve lateral getting up; The rotation can only be started after the head of the bed rises and the foot of the bed falls, so that the bed board can perform that action according to the needs of the elderly, so that the elderly can use it more conveniently, and the rotation range of the bed board can be reduced; ④ The installation structure is stabilized by the rubber and the vibration of the bed board is reduced. generated noise.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the upper body lifting mechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the leg bending and sagging mechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the rotating mechanism of the present invention.

Among them, 1, the middle frame of the bed, 2, the upper body lifting mechanism, 2.1, the bedside frame, 2.2, the fixed frame, 2.3, the upper body lifting screw, 2.4, the first drive motor, 2.5, the first support rod, 3, the legs Partial bending and hanging mechanism, 3.1, bed end frame, 3.2, leg hanging lead screw, 3.3, second support rod, 3.4, second drive motor, 4, rotating mechanism, 4.1, rotating shaft, 4.2, gear box, 4.21, large gear, 4.22, pinion gear, 4.23, large end cap, 4.24, small end cap, 4.3, rotary motor, 5, bed support assembly, 5.1, bed head support frame, 5.2, bed foot support frame, 5.3, rubber pad, 5.4. Rubber sleeve, 6. Swing mechanism, 6.1, Third lead screw, 6.2, Third support rod, 6.3, Third drive motor, 7. Bed base, 8. Remote control, 8.1, Touch switch, 9. Screw Lever base, 10, travel switch, 10.1, first travel switch, 10.2, second travel switch, 10.3, third travel switch.

Detailed ways

The accompanying drawings are now assembled to further illustrate the present invention.

As shown in Figures 1-4, an assisting device for getting up for the elderly includes a bed base 7, a bed middle frame 1, an upper body lifting mechanism 2, a leg bending and sagging mechanism 3, and a rotating mechanism 4. On the left side of the bed middle frame 1 , The right two ends are respectively provided with a leg bending and sagging mechanism 3 and an upper body lifting mechanism 2. The upper body lifting mechanism 2 includes a bedside frame 2.1, a fixed frame 2.2, an upper body lifting screw 2.3 and a first drive motor 2.4, wherein the bedside The frame 2.1 is hinged on the right end of the middle-bed frame 1 through a hinge, so that the headboard 2.1 can rotate relative to the middle-bed frame 1 and form an included angle, and is fixed on the outer peripheral edge of the middle-bed frame 1 by welding. The fixed frame 2.2 (this ensures the stability of the structure) and the fixed frame 2.2 is fixed on the bed middle frame 1 (the fixed frame 2.2 is a rectangular frame, and the edges of the front and rear sides of the bed middle frame 1 are fixed and rectangular by welding. The frame extends to the right), so that when the bedside frame 2.1 rotates, the fixed frame 2.2 does not rotate, and the fixed frame 2.2 acts as a force fulcrum when the bedside frame 2.1 rotates.

The upper body press screw 2.3 is fixed on the fixed frame 2.2 (both ends of the upper body press screw 2.3 are fixed by the screw seat 9, and the screw seat 9 is locked on the fixed frame 2.2 by bolts), wherein the upper body press screw 2.3 One end of the first drive motor 2.4 is fixed with the first drive motor 2.4 (the first drive motor 2.4 is fixed on the fixed frame 2.2 by bolts, and the right end of the upper body push screw 2.3 is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the first drive motor 2.4 through the coupling), A first support rod 2.5 is arranged between the nut of the upper body pushing screw 2.3 and the bottom of the bedside frame 2.1, and the two ends of the first support rod 2.5 are respectively connected with the nut of the upper body pushing screw 2.3 and the bottom of the bedside frame 2.1 through hinges For articulation, when the elderly get up, the upper body needs to get up slowly. This device drives the upper body push screw 2.3 to rotate through the first drive motor 2.4. When the upper body push screw 2.3 rotates, it will drive the nut on the screw to push the upper body. The lead screw 2.3 moves up, when the upper body pushes the nut on the lead screw 2.3 to the right, the first support rod 2.5 pushes the bedside frame 2.1 to rotate counterclockwise, so that the bedside frame 2.1 pushes the upper body of the old man to get up slowly.

The leg bending and sagging mechanism 3 includes a bed end frame 3.1, a leg sagging screw 3.2, a second support rod 3.3 and a second driving motor 3.4. The left end of the frame 1) is hinged, and the bottom of the middle frame 1 is fixed with a leg drop lead screw 3.2 through the lead screw seat 9 (the lead screw seat 9 is fixed to the bottom of the bed middle frame 1 by bolts), and the leg drop lead screw 3.2 is vertically arranged , a second drive motor 3.4 is fixed on the top of the leg pendant screw 3.2 through a coupling connection, and a second support rod 3.3 is provided between the nut of the leg pendant screw 3.2 and the bed end frame 3.1, and the second support One end of the rod 3.3 is hinged with the bed end frame 3.1, and the other end of the second support rod 3.3 is hinged with the nut of the leg sagging screw 3.2. The second drive motor 3.4 drives the leg sagging screw 3.2, and the leg sagging screw 3.2 drives the nut to move downward, so that the second support rod 3.3 moves downward, so that the bed end frame 3.1 is slowly reversed under the action of the second support rod 3.3 Turn the hour hand so that the old man's legs slowly drop and get closer to the ground.

Both the upper body lifting mechanism 2 and the leg bending and sagging mechanism 3 are provided with a bed support assembly 5. The bed support assembly 5 includes a bed head support frame 5.1 and a bed foot support frame 5.2, and the bed head support frame 5.1 and the bed foot support frame. 5.2 (Bed head support frame 5.1 and bed foot support frame 5.2 are both rectangular frames) are located at the left and right ends of the bed base 7 respectively, and the two bed head support frames 5.1 and the bed foot support frame 5.2 are vertically arranged. A bedside support frame 5.1 is arranged below the lifting mechanism 2, and the bedside support frame 5.1 is fixed on the right end of the bed base 7 by welding. The swing mechanism 6 for the lower support frame 5.2 includes a third lead screw 6.1, a third support rod 6.2 and a third drive motor 6.3, wherein the bottom of the bed foot support frame 5.2 and the bed base 7 are hinged through hinges (the bed foot The support frame 5.2 swings to lower the height of the top of the bed foot support frame 5.2), a third lead screw 6.1 is also arranged between the bed foot support frame 5.2 and the bed base 7, and the third lead screw 6.1 is fixed on the lead screw seat 9. The bed base 7 and the lead screw base 9 are fixed on the bed base 7 by bolts, and one end of the third lead screw 6.1 is fixed with a third drive motor 6.3 that drives the third lead screw 6.1 to move through a coupling. A third support rod 6.2 is arranged between the nut of the lever 6.1 and the bed foot support frame 5.2, and one end of the third support rod 6.2 is connected with the bed foot support frame 5.2 by means of hinged hinges, and the other end of the third support rod 6.2 The connection is hinged, and the upper body lifting mechanism 2 and the leg bending and sagging mechanism 3 are supported by the support assembly 5. When the bed end frame 3.1 needs to be swayed down, the bed foot support frame 5.2 at the left end of the bed base 7 needs to be lowered. Swing (rotate clockwise), so that the support assembly 5 at the left end is rotated clockwise through the swing mechanism 6 to complete the swaying action, thus giving way to the bed end frame 3.1.

A rotating mechanism 4 is arranged below the bed middle frame 1. The rotating mechanism 4 includes a rotating shaft 4.1, a gear box 4.2 and a rotating motor 4.3. The top of the rotating shaft 4.1 is provided with a disk, and the bottom of the disk is opened with the rotating shaft 4.1. The matching hole and the hole at the bottom of the disc are in transition fit with the top of the rotating shaft 4.1. The disc and the rotating shaft 4.1 are connected by a flat key and transmit torque, so that the rotating shaft 4.1 drives the disc to rotate, and the disc is connected by bolts. Fixed on the bottom of the bed middle frame 1, the disc drives the bed middle frame 1 to rotate, the bottom of the rotating shaft 4.1 is fixed on the bed base 7 through bearings, and the bed base 7 is fixed with a gear box 4.2 by bolts (set in the gear box 4.2 There are large gear 4.21, pinion 4.22, large end cover 4.23 and small end cover 4.24, in which the gear box 4.2 is fixed on the bed base 7 by bolts, and the large gear 4.21 and pinion 4.22 set in the gear box 4.2, the large gear 4.21 It is matched with the hole shaft of the rotating shaft 4.1, and a flat key is inserted into the hole and shaft for fixing. The pinion 4.22 and the large gear 4.21 are meshed with each other. The input shaft is fixed on the pinion 4.22 through the hole shaft, and the input shaft is fixed by bearings. On the gear box 4.2, the input shaft extends upward and passes through the gear box 4.2, on the gear box 4.2 at the bottom of the rotating shaft 4.1, a large end cover 4.23 for closing the bearing end is fixed by bolts, and at the bottom of the input shaft The small end cover 4.24, which closes the bearing end, is fixed on the gearbox 4.2 by bolts. The rotating shaft 4.1 passes through the gearbox 4.2 and the large gear 4.21 in the gearbox 4.2 drives the rotating shaft 4.1 to rotate. A rotary motor 4.3 is fixed on the input shaft through a coupling (the input shaft of the gear box 4.2 and the output shaft of the rotary motor 4.3 are fixedly connected through a coupling, and the rotary motor 4.3 is fixed on the outer wall of the gearbox 4.2 by welding) , the bed middle frame 1 is driven to rotate by the rotating mechanism 4, and at the same time, the bed middle frame 1 drives the upper body lifting mechanism 2 and the leg bending and sagging mechanism 3 to rotate synchronously. 7 fixed on the bottom surface.

When the old man gets up, the bedside frame 2.1 and the bed end frame 3.1 are mainly deflected (that is, the bed head rises and the bed end falls), so that the bedside frame 2.1 and the bed end frame 3.1 are deflected to assist the old man to get up; the first drive motor 2.4. The power switches of the second drive motor 3.4, the third drive motor 6.3 and the rotary motor 4.3 are touch switches 8.1 and the touch switches 8.1 are fixed on the movable remote control 8 (the first drive motor 2.4, the second drive The power switch of the motor 3.4, the third drive motor 6.3 and the rotary motor 4.3 are connected with the touch switch 8.1 on the remote control 8 through the wireless module, and the signal is transmitted through the wireless module), so that when the old man presses a button, this The motor corresponding to the button starts to work. When the button is not pressed, the motor stops working, so that the elderly can make the auxiliary wake-up device perform different actions according to their own conditions, so that the elderly are more convenient to use. For example, the elderly like to tune first. legs, and then stand up the upper body, so that the third drive motor 6.3 can be driven to work through the button, then the second drive motor 3.4 can work, and then the second button is pressed to make the first drive motor 2.4 work, so that the old man first completes the leg drive action, Then stand up the upper body, and finally press the button to make the rotary motor 4.3 work, so that the bed board rotates 90 degrees to get up from the side of the car (usually Chinese people put shoes and clothes on the side of the bed, so that the side get up is convenient for the elderly to wear clothes and shoes), The rotary motor 4.3 is self-locked when the power is off, which ensures that the rotary motor 4.3 is self-locked when there is no power on, so as to ensure the safety of the elderly (when there is no power on, the bed board will not rotate to ensure the safety of the elderly), and at the same time The headstock 2.1 and the end frame 3.1 of the bed are driven by a screw to rotate, so as to ensure the safety of the elderly getting up.

The travel switch 10 includes a first travel switch 10.1, and a second travel switch 10.2. The first travel switch 10.1 and the two first travel switches are respectively fixed on the lead screw seats 9 at both ends of the upper body lifting mechanism 2 by means of bolts. The switch 10.1 pushes the nut of the upper body push screw 2.3 toward the upper body. When the nut on the upper body push screw 2.3 moves to the right and contacts the first stroke switch 10.1 at the right end of the upper body push screw 2.3, the upper body pushes the first stroke of the right end of the screw 2.3. The switch 10.1 is triggered, which means that the upper body of the old man completes the action of getting up. When the upper body pushes the nut on the lead screw 2.3 to the left and contacts the first switch 10.1 on the left end, the upper body pushes the first stroke of the left end of the lead screw 2.3. The switch is triggered, which means that the bedside frame 2.1 is in a horizontal state, and at the same time, the two first travel switches 10.1 can limit the tilt angle of the bedside frame 2.1, and can also sense the current state of the bedside frame 2.1 (that is, the bedside frame 2.1). The head frame 2.1 is inclined or horizontal); two second travel switches 10.2 are fixed on the screw bases 9 at the upper and lower ends of the leg bending and sagging mechanism 3 by means of bolts, and the two second travel switches 10.2 face the legs When the nut on the leg down screw 3.2 moves down and contacts the second travel switch 10.2, the second travel switch 10.2 at the lower end of the leg down screw 3.2 is triggered, when the leg down When the nut of the drop lead screw 3.2 moves upward and contacts the second travel switch 10.2 on the upper end of the leg drop lead screw 3.2, the second travel switch 10.2 on the upper end of the leg drop lead screw 3.2 is triggered, which means that the bed end frame 3.1 is in a horizontal state , in this way, the inclination angle of the bed end frame 3.1 is limited by the two second travel switches 10.2, and the current state of the bed end frame 3.1 is obtained through the second travel switch 10.2; the first travel switch 10.1 on the right side and the second travel switch on the lower side 10.2 Connect with the power switch of the rotary motor 4.3 through wires. When the first travel switch 10.1 on the right side, the second travel switch 10.2 on the lower side and the button for controlling the rotary motor 4.3 are triggered at the same time, the rotary motor 4.3 can start to work , in this way, the old man needs to get up before the bed board can be rotated, which can prevent the bedside frame 2.1 and the bed end frame 3.1 from starting to rotate before they are inclined; There are two third travel switches 10.3 fixed in the way, and the two third travel switches 10.3 limit the position of the nut on the third lead screw 6.1. When the nut on the third lead screw 6.1 moves to the right, the third lead screw 6.1 The nut will contact and trigger the third travel switch 10.3 on the right side of the third lead screw 6.1. When the nut on the third lead screw 6.1 moves to the left, the nut on the third lead screw 6.1 will contact and trigger the left side of the third lead screw 6.1. the third travel switch 10.3 on the side, so that the bed foot support frame 5 is obtained through the third travel switch 10.3 .2 (that is, the bed foot support frame 5.2 is inclined to avoid the bed end frame 3.1 or the bed foot support frame 5.2 is erected to support the bed end frame 3.1).

A rubber pad 5.3 is arranged on the top of each support assembly 5, and a rubber sleeve 5.4 is arranged at the bottom of the bedside frame 2.1 and the bed end frame 3.1 to match the rubber pad 5.3. When the bedside frame 2.1 and the bed end frame 3.1 are arranged horizontally When the rubber pad 5.3 intrudes into the rubber sleeve 5.4, the rubber is used to prevent the noise caused by the rigid friction between the headstock 2.1, the end frame 3.1 and the bed support assembly 5; The stability of the structure is also easy to separate.

Claims (6)

1. the elderly getting up assisting device, including bed middle frame, upper body lifting mechanism, leg bending sagging mechanism and rotating mechanism, it is characterized in that, upper body lifting mechanism and leg bending sagging mechanism are respectively provided at both ends of the bed middle frame , a bed support assembly is arranged under the upper body lifting mechanism and the leg bending and sagging mechanism, the bed support assembly includes a bed head support frame and a bed foot support frame, and the bed foot support frame under the leg bending and sagging mechanism is provided with a The swing mechanism that lowers the bed foot support frame supports the upper body lifting mechanism and the leg bending and sagging mechanism through the support assembly; a rotating mechanism is arranged under the bed middle frame, and the bed middle frame is driven by the rotating mechanism to rotate, and the bed middle frame is rotated at the same time. The frame drives the upper body lifting mechanism and the leg bending and sagging mechanism to rotate synchronously. The bed head support frame, the bed foot support frame and the rotating mechanism are all arranged on the bed base, and the bed base is fixed on the ground. 2 . The device for assisting the elderly to get up according to claim 1 , wherein the upper body lifting mechanism comprises a bedside frame, a fixed frame, an upper body lifting screw and a first drive motor, wherein the bedside frame is hinged on the bed. 3 . On one end of the middle frame, a fixed frame is arranged on the outer circumference of the bedside frame and the fixed frame is fixed on the middle frame of the bed, and an upper body push screw is fixed on the fixed frame, wherein one end of the upper body push screw is connected with the first drive. The motor is fixed, a first support rod is arranged between the nut of the upper body pushing screw and the bottom of the bedside frame, and both ends of the first support rod are hinged with the nut of the upper body pushing screw and the bottom of the bedside frame. 3 . The device for assisting the elderly to get up according to claim 2 , wherein the leg bending and sagging mechanism comprises a bed end frame, a leg sagging screw, a second support rod and a second drive motor, the bed end frame and the bed One end of the middle frame away from the lifting mechanism of the upper body is hinged, the bottom of the middle frame of the bed is fixed with a leg sagging lead screw and the leg sagging lead screw is vertically arranged, and a second driving motor is fixed at the bottom end of the leg sagging lead screw. A second support rod is arranged between the nut of the leg drop screw and the bed end frame, one end of the second support rod is connected with the bed end frame by hinged connection, and the other end of the second support rod is hinged with the nut of the leg drop screw ; The swing assembly below the leg bending and sagging mechanism includes a third lead screw, a third support rod and a third drive motor, wherein the bottom of the bed foot support frame is hinged with the bed base, and between the bed foot support frame and the bed base, a third Three lead screws, one end of the third lead screw is fixed with a third drive motor that drives the movement of the third lead screw, a third support rod is arranged between the nut of the third lead screw and the bed foot support frame, and the third support One end of the rod is hinged with the bed foot support frame, and the other end of the third support rod is connected by hinge. 4. The device for assisting the elderly to get up according to claim 3, wherein the rotating mechanism comprises a rotating shaft, a gear box and a rotating motor, wherein the top of the rotating shaft is fixed on the bed board, and the bottom of the rotating shaft is fixed by a bearing On the bed base, a gear box is arranged on the bed base, the rotating shaft passes through the gear box, the gear train in the gear box drives the rotating shaft to rotate, and a rotating motor is fixed on the input shaft of the gear box. 5 . The device for assisting the elderly to get up according to claim 4 , wherein the power switches of the first drive motor, the second drive motor, the third drive motor and the rotary motor are touch switches and the touch switches are fixed. 6 . On removable remote controls, the rotating motor locks itself when the power is turned off. 6 . The device for assisting the elderly to get up according to claim 5 , wherein a rubber pad is arranged at the top of each support assembly, and a rubber pad is arranged at the bottom of the head frame and the foot frame to match the rubber pad. 7 . Rubber cover, when the bedside frame and the bed end frame are set horizontally, the rubber pad penetrates into the rubber cover.

Images