CN111719086B - Iron-based medium-high temperature self-lubricating material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Iron-based medium-high temperature self-lubricating material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an iron-based medium-high temperature self-lubricating material and a preparation method thereof. The self-lubricating material takes iron as a matrix and comprises 1.5-1.8% of graphite, 4-6% of Cu, 0.4-0.6% of Sn, 0.1-0.3% of P and 0.5-1.5% of MoS2The powder is prepared by uniformly mixing various powders according to a ratio, molding by adopting a cold pressing method in powder metallurgy, and finally sintering at 1070 +/-10 ℃. The material of the invention has good mechanical property, processing property and antifriction property, can keep stable and low friction coefficient under the condition of no additional lubricating oil in the medium-high temperature environment of 150 +/-10 ℃ after vacuum oil immersion treatment, and can be used for manufacturing moving parts such as self-lubricating sliding bearings, valve guides and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgical materials, and relates to an iron-based medium-high temperature self-lubricating material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Iron-based powder metallurgy self-lubricating materials have wide application in the mechanical industry, particularly in the automotive industry. The pores of the powder metallurgy material can contain oil to reduce the friction coefficient, so the powder metallurgy material has great advantages in the field of wear-resistant antifriction sliding parts such as oil-containing bearings, valve guides and the like. Taking powder metallurgy valve guides as an example, in recent years, with the improvement of the technical level of engines, the working temperature and the contact pressure of the valve guides are improved. This requires that the iron-based powder metallurgy valve guide has better mechanical properties and medium and high temperature wear resistance and antifriction properties. In addition, poor processability of powder metallurgy materials has always limited the expansion of their application range. Therefore, the addition of a proper solid lubricant in the material is beneficial to improving the friction performance of the material in a middle-high temperature section and simultaneously improving the cutting processing performance of the material.
The friction properties of the self-lubricating powder metallurgical material depend on the material itself and on the type of mechanical lubricant oil impregnated, which is of crucial importance in the case of a replaceable impregnated mechanical lubricant oil. According to different use environments, certain requirements are also required on the mechanical properties of the material. At present, the powder metallurgy self-lubricating parts used in the market mainly comprise FC0208 materials with a small amount of other elements added, and the lubricant is impregnated mechanical lubricating oil. The material ensures the mechanical property and room temperature friction property of parts, but the mechanical lubricating oil is lost after the temperature of the use environment rises, the friction coefficient is increased sharply, and the parts fail.
In the literature (Yi Yan Guo, Jiaming Hua, Shu Jian Wei, and the like, tribological properties of iron-based powder metallurgy oil-containing materials [ J ] and metal functional materials, 2006,13(5):13-17.), the selection of 0.6-0.8 percent of carbon content and 6.45-6.60 of density is found, the tribological properties of the materials are the best, and the friction coefficient is as low as 0.032. However, the crushing strength of the material is only 459MPa, the HRB is only 55, the use environment of the material is limited due to poor mechanical properties, and the market expansion is severely limited.
Literature (Liangchangxia, Panmei, Wanfengyun, CeO)2Influence on the Properties of iron-based self-lubricating bearing materials [ J]Material Commitment, 2010,24(8B):57-61.) found addition of CeO2Can improve the friction performance and mechanical property of the iron-based self-lubricating bearing material, CeO2The friction coefficient of the material is about 0.08 at the lowest when the addition amount is 0.2% -0.4%. But rare earth oxide CeO2The price is high, the production cost of the material is increased, and the market competition cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an iron-based medium-high temperature self-lubricating material which is used in a range from room temperature to medium-high temperature, has low friction coefficient, excellent mechanical property, good cutting property, simple process and low cost, and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
in iron baseThe high-temperature self-lubricating material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 89.8-93.5% of Fe, 1.5-1.8% of graphite, 4-6% of Cu, 0.4-0.6% of Sn, 0.1-0.3% of P and MoS2 0.5～1.5％。
Preferably, the iron-based medium-high temperature self-lubricating material comprises the following components, by mass, 89.8-92.3% of Fe89.8, 1.5-1.8% of graphite, 4-6% of Cu, 0.4-0.6% of Sn, 0.3% of P and MoS2 1.5％。
The invention also provides a preparation method of the iron-based medium-high temperature self-lubricating material, which comprises the following steps:
weighing Fe, graphite, Cu, Sn, ferrophosphorus and MoS according to proportion2Powder is evenly mixed, the mixture is pressed and formed by a cold pressing method, dewaxing is carried out at 600-700 ℃ under the ammonia decomposition atmosphere, sintering is carried out at 1070 +/-10 ℃ for 30 +/-5 min, carbon fixation is carried out at 850 +/-10 ℃ for 20 +/-5 min, cooling is carried out to room temperature after the sintering is finished, and the sintered product is subjected to vacuum oil immersion treatment to prepare the iron-based medium-high temperature self-lubricating material.
Preferably, the Fe powder is-100 mesh reduced iron powder containing 0.8% of lubricant.
Preferably, the ferrophosphorus powder is pre-alloyed ferrophosphorus powder with the phosphorus content of 20% by mass, and the particle size of the ferrophosphorus powder is-325 meshes.
Preferably, the cold pressing method is used for pressing and forming, and the density of a pressed green body is 6.60g/cm3。
Preferably, the dewaxing time is 30-50 min.
Preferably, the sintering temperature is 1070 ℃ and the carbon fixing temperature is 850 ℃.
Preferably, the volume oil content of the iron-based medium-high temperature self-lubricating material is more than or equal to 15%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the iron-based medium-high temperature self-lubricating material prepared by the invention takes graphite, sulfide and the like existing in the material as solid lubricants, takes mechanical lubricating oil contained in pores as liquid lubricants, has a stable and low friction coefficient of 0.0498 at the temperature of between room temperature and 150 +/-10 ℃, and overcomes the problems of lubricating oil loss, rapid increase of the friction coefficient and part failure of the traditional iron-based self-lubricating material after the temperature of a use environment rises.
(2) The invention effectively controls the combination of carbon by controlling the sintering process, so that the microstructure of the material is as follows: pearlite (more than 75%), ferrite, free graphite and free copper, and no network cementite. The material has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties: HRB68.0 and radial crushing strength 685MPa, and overcomes the problem that the traditional high-carbon-content iron-based powder metallurgy material is easy to generate a net cementite during sintering, so that the mechanical property of the material is seriously damaged.
(3) The iron-based medium-high temperature self-lubricating material prepared by the invention uses less alloy elements, has simple process and better machinability than FC0208 material, reduces the production cost, and is beneficial to large-scale preparation of products and expansion of application fields of the iron-based self-lubricating material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic photograph of the iron-based medium-high temperature self-lubricating material prepared in example 5;
FIG. 2 is an SEM photograph of the worn surface of the iron-based medium-high temperature self-lubricating material prepared in example 5;
FIG. 3a) is FC0208 material, and b) is SEM photograph of inner surface of drill hole of iron-based medium-high temperature self-lubricating material prepared in example 5.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings. The-100 mesh reduced iron powder containing 0.8% of a lubricant used in the following examples is commercially available.
Example 1
91.7g of Fe, 1.5g of graphite, 5.0g of Cu, 0.5g of Sn, 0.3g of P and MoS21.0g of raw materials are mixed; the weighed powder is filled into a double-cone mixer to be mixed for 40 min; the mixed powder is pressed into the powder with the density of 6.60g/cm by adopting a cold pressing method in powder metallurgy3A green compact of (1); dewaxing at 650 ℃ for 30min under ammonia decomposition atmosphere, sintering at 1070 ℃ for 30min, fixing carbon at 850 ℃ for 20min, and cooling a water jacket to room temperature; and carrying out vacuum oil immersion treatment on the sintered product.
Example 2
91.2g of Fe, 1.8g of graphite, 5.0g of Cu, 0.5g of Sn, 0.3g of P and MoS21.0g of raw materials are mixed; the weighed powder is filled into a double-cone mixer to be mixed for 40 min; the mixed powder is pressed into the powder with the density of 6.60g/cm by adopting a cold pressing method in powder metallurgy3A green compact of (1); dewaxing at 650 ℃ for 30min under ammonia decomposition atmosphere, sintering at 1070 ℃ for 30min, fixing carbon at 850 ℃ for 20min, and cooling a water jacket to room temperature; and carrying out vacuum oil immersion treatment on the sintered product.
Example 3
91.9g of Fe, 1.5g of graphite, 5.0g of Cu, 0.5g of Sn, 0.1g of P and MoS21.0g of raw materials are mixed; the weighed powder is filled into a double-cone mixer to be mixed for 40 min; the mixed powder is pressed into the powder with the density of 6.60g/cm by adopting a cold pressing method in powder metallurgy3A green compact of (1); dewaxing at 650 ℃ for 30min under ammonia decomposition atmosphere, sintering at 1070 ℃ for 30min, fixing carbon at 850 ℃ for 20min, and cooling a water jacket to room temperature; and carrying out vacuum oil immersion treatment on the sintered product.
Example 4
92.2g of Fe, 1.5g of graphite, 5.0g of Cu, 0.5g of Sn, 0.3g of P and MoS20.5g of raw materials are mixed; the weighed powder is filled into a double-cone mixer to be mixed for 40 min; the mixed powder is pressed into the powder with the density of 6.60g/cm by adopting a cold pressing method in powder metallurgy3A green compact of (1); dewaxing at 650 ℃ for 30min under ammonia decomposition atmosphere, sintering at 1070 ℃ for 30min, fixing carbon at 850 ℃ for 20min, and cooling a water jacket to room temperature; and carrying out vacuum oil immersion treatment on the sintered product.
Example 5
91.2g of Fe, 1.5g of graphite, 5.0g of Cu, 0.5g of Sn, 0.3g of P and MoS21.5g of raw materials are mixed; the weighed powder is filled into a double-cone mixer to be mixed for 40 min; the mixed powder is pressed into the powder with the density of 6.60g/cm by adopting a cold pressing method in powder metallurgy3A green compact of (1); dewaxing at 650 ℃ for 30min under ammonia decomposition atmosphere, sintering at 1070 ℃ for 30min, fixing carbon at 850 ℃ for 20min, and cooling a water jacket to room temperature; and carrying out vacuum oil immersion treatment on the sintered product.
Comparative example 1
91.7g of Fe, 1.5g of graphite, 5.0g of Cu, 0.5g of Sn, 0.3g of P and MoS21.0g of raw materials are mixed; filling the weighed powder into a biconical mixed materialMixing in machine for 40 min; the mixed powder is pressed into the powder with the density of 6.60g/cm by adopting a cold pressing method in powder metallurgy3A green compact of (1); dewaxing at 650 ℃ for 30min under ammonia decomposition atmosphere, sintering at 1050 ℃ for 30min, fixing carbon at 850 ℃ for 20min, and cooling the water jacket to room temperature; and carrying out vacuum oil immersion treatment on the sintered product.
Comparative example 2
91.7g of Fe, 1.5g of graphite, 5.0g of Cu, 0.5g of Sn, 0.3g of P and MoS21.0g of raw materials are mixed; the weighed powder is filled into a double-cone mixer to be mixed for 40 min; the mixed powder is pressed into the powder with the density of 6.60g/cm by adopting a cold pressing method in powder metallurgy3A green compact of (1); dewaxing at 650 ℃ for 30min, sintering at 1090 ℃ for 30min, fixing carbon at 850 ℃ for 20min, and cooling to room temperature by a water jacket; and carrying out vacuum oil immersion treatment on the sintered product.
Comparative example 3
92.0g of Fe, 1.2g of graphite, 5.0g of Cu, 0.5g of Sn, 0.3g of P and MoS21.0g of raw materials are mixed; the weighed powder is filled into a double-cone mixer to be mixed for 40 min; the mixed powder is pressed into the powder with the density of 6.60g/cm by adopting a cold pressing method in powder metallurgy3A green compact of (1); dewaxing at 650 ℃ for 30min under ammonia decomposition atmosphere, sintering at 1070 ℃ for 30min, fixing carbon at 850 ℃ for 20min, and cooling a water jacket to room temperature; and carrying out vacuum oil immersion treatment on the sintered product.
Comparative example 4
91.5g of Fe, 1.5g of graphite, 5.0g of Cu, 0.5g of Sn, 0.5g of P and MoS21.0g of raw materials are mixed; the weighed powder is filled into a double-cone mixer to be mixed for 40 min; the mixed powder is pressed into the powder with the density of 6.60g/cm by adopting a cold pressing method in powder metallurgy3A green compact of (1); dewaxing at 650 ℃ for 30min under ammonia decomposition atmosphere, sintering at 1070 ℃ for 30min, fixing carbon at 850 ℃ for 20min, and cooling a water jacket to room temperature; and carrying out vacuum oil immersion treatment on the sintered product.
Compared with the sintering temperature of 1120 ℃ of the traditional iron-based powder metallurgy structural member, the iron-based medium-high temperature self-lubricating material in the embodiment 1 achieves the sintering temperature and the heat preservation time required by densification. The control of the carbon fixing temperature and time enables carbon elements to exist in the form of pearlite and free graphite in the material, and no netlike cementite appears, so that on one hand, excellent mechanical properties of the material are guaranteed, and on the other hand, the free graphite serving as a solid lubricant guarantees good tribological properties and cutting properties of the material.
The mechanical properties, cutting properties and tribological properties of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 4 are shown in Table 2. The material of example 5 has the best overall properties, and the density after sintering is 6.35g/cm3The oil content is 15.3 percent, the HRB is 68.0, the radial crushing strength is 685MPa, the friction coefficient is 0.0498 measured under the environment of 150 +/-10 ℃ and the linear velocity condition of 0.75m/s, and the roughness Ra of the inner surface of a drill hole is 0.63. The metallographic phase of the material in example 5 is shown in fig. 1, and the metallographic composition is as follows: pearlite (more than 75%), ferrite, free graphite and free copper. FIG. 2 is an SEM image of the wear surface of the material of example 5 subjected to a frictional wear test at a linear velocity of 0.75m/s at 150 + -10 deg.C. The material of example 5 exhibited wear without sticking after the lubricating film became unstable after the pressure exceeded 50Mpa, and the wear types were surface fatigue wear and oxidation wear accompanied by flaking. Fig. 3a), b) SEM photographs of the borehole inner surface of the FC0208 material and the material of example 5, respectively, the material of example 5 had better machinability than the FC0208 material (the borehole inner surface roughness Ra of the FC0208 material was measured to be 3.57 under the same experimental conditions).
TABLE 1 formulation and preparation conditions for the examples and comparative examples
TABLE 2 PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF IRON-BASED MEDIUM-HIGH TEMPERATURE SELF-LUBRICATING MATERIAL FOR EXAMPLES AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES
Table 2 shows the mechanical properties of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 4Energy, machinability and tribology performance parameters. The sintering temperatures of comparative example 1, example 1 and comparative example 2 were 1050 ℃, 1070 ℃ and 1090 ℃, respectively, and it can be seen from table 2 that the radial crushing strength of comparative examples 1 and 2 is much lower than that of example 1, and it can be seen that the sintering temperature of 1070 ℃ is suitable, and the sintering temperature is disadvantageously low or high. The graphite contents of comparative example 3, example 1 and example 2 were 1.2%, 1.5% and 1.8%, respectively, and it can be seen from table 2 that the friction coefficient of comparative example 3 is much higher than that of examples 1 and 2, and it can be seen that the material friction performance is excellent when the graphite content is 1.5-1.8%. The phosphorus contents of comparative example 4, example 1 and example 3 were 0.5%, 0.3% and 0.1%, respectively, and it can be seen from table 2 that the HRB, the radial crushing strength and the friction coefficient of the material increase with the increase of the phosphorus content, and the phosphorus content is preferably 0.1 to 0.3% considering that the material has better mechanical properties and lower friction coefficient. MoS of example 4, example 1 and example 52The contents were 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%, respectively, as can be seen from Table 2 with MoS2The mechanical property of the material with increased content is not changed greatly, and MoS2The lowest friction coefficient is 0.0498 at the content of 1.5 percent, so the optimum formula MoS2The addition amount was 1.5%.
Claims (8)
1. The iron-based medium-high temperature self-lubricating material is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 89.8-93.5% of Fe, 1.5-1.8% of graphite, 5% of Cu, 0.5% of Sn, 0.3% of P, and MoS20.5-1.5%, prepared by the following steps:
weighing Fe, graphite, Cu, Sn, ferrophosphorus and MoS according to proportion2Powder is evenly mixed, the mixture is pressed and formed by a cold pressing method, dewaxing is carried out at 600-700 ℃ under the ammonia decomposition atmosphere, sintering is carried out at 1070 +/-10 ℃ for 30 +/-5 min, carbon fixation is carried out at 850 +/-10 ℃ for 20 +/-5 min, cooling is carried out to room temperature after the sintering is finished, and the sintered product is subjected to vacuum oil immersion treatment to prepare the iron-based medium-high temperature self-lubricating material.
2. The iron-based medium-high temperature self-lubricating material according to claim 1, wherein the Fe powder is-100 mesh reduced iron powder containing 0.8% of a lubricant.
3. The iron-based medium-high temperature self-lubricating material of claim 1, wherein the ferrophosphorus powder is a pre-alloyed ferrophosphorus powder containing 20% by mass of phosphorus.
4. The iron-based medium-high temperature self-lubricating material according to claim 1, wherein the grain size of the ferrophosphorus powder is-325 mesh.
5. The iron-based medium-high temperature self-lubricating material according to claim 1, wherein the cold pressing method is used for press forming, and the density of a pressed green body is 6.60g/cm3。
6. The iron-based medium-high temperature self-lubricating material according to claim 1, wherein the dewaxing time is 30-50 min.
7. The iron-based medium-high temperature self-lubricating material according to claim 1, wherein the sintering temperature is 1070 ℃ and the carbon fixation temperature is 850 ℃.
8. The iron-based medium-high temperature self-lubricating material of claim 1, wherein the volume oil content of the iron-based medium-high temperature self-lubricating material is not less than 15%.
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| GB2218710B (en) * | 1988-05-09 | 1991-05-01 | Isamu Kikuchi | Sintered alloy material and process for the preparation of the same |
| CN1086591A (en) * | 1992-10-31 | 1994-05-11 | 中南工业大学 | Booster thrust bearing produced by powder metallurgy process |
| EP1300481A3 (en) * | 2001-10-02 | 2003-05-14 | Eaton Corporation | Powder metal valve guide |
| CN101850423A (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2010-10-06 | 合肥波林新材料有限公司 | High strength self-lubricating iron-copper powder composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102189262A (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2011-09-21 | 常熟市双月机械有限公司 | Valve guide pipe |
| CN103062223A (en) * | 2011-10-24 | 2013-04-24 | 日立粉末冶金株式会社 | Oil-impregnated sintered bearing and production method therefor |
| GB2556221A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2018-05-23 | Baker Hughes A Ge Co Llc | Wear-resistant and self-lubricant bore receptacle packoff tool |
| CN107099754A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-08-29 | 东风汽车零部件（集团）有限公司东风粉末冶金公司 | A kind of natural gas engine valve guide bushing material |
| CN107663615A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2018-02-06 | 益阳益瑞通材料科技有限公司 | A kind of high self-lubricating ferrous alloy of high intensity and preparation method and application |
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