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CN111617714B - A catalytic reaction device, an instrument for researching the charging of catalysts, and a method of using the same - Google Patents

A catalytic reaction device, an instrument for researching the charging of catalysts, and a method of using the same Download PDF

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CN111617714B
CN111617714B CN202010462132.1A CN202010462132A CN111617714B CN 111617714 B CN111617714 B CN 111617714B CN 202010462132 A CN202010462132 A CN 202010462132A CN 111617714 B CN111617714 B CN 111617714B
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catalyst
electrode
metal
gas
faraday cup
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CN111617714A (en
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姚水良
夏彤彤
吴祖良
李晶
孟瑞云
朱丹丹
孔程荣
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Changzhou University
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Abstract

本发明提供一种催化反应装置及催化剂带电研究用仪器和使用方法，具体涉及污染物处理技术领域，催化反应装置包括气体混合器和反应器以及电炉，所述反应器包括反应管，所述反应管设有第一进气口和出气口，所述第一进气口与所述气体混合器通过通气管相连，按照气体流动方向，所述反应管内依次设有放电区域和催化剂层，所述电炉为所述催化剂层提供催化反应所需的温度。催化剂带电研究用仪器是在催化反应装置的基础上进行改进，在反应器中的催化剂层下游设置法拉第杯。本发明的催化反应装置能够提高催化反应，催化剂带电研究用仪器实现对反应器内离子的分析，既可检测离子的生成特性，也可以由此获得离子在催化剂表面的沉积特性。

Figure 202010462132

The invention provides a catalytic reaction device, an instrument for catalyst charging research and a method of use, and specifically relates to the technical field of pollutant treatment. The catalytic reaction device includes a gas mixer, a reactor and an electric furnace, the reactor includes a reaction tube, and the reaction The tube is provided with a first air inlet and an air outlet, and the first air inlet is connected to the gas mixer through a vent pipe. According to the gas flow direction, a discharge area and a catalyst layer are arranged in the reaction tube in sequence. The electric furnace provides the catalyst layer with the temperature required for the catalytic reaction. The instrument for catalyst charging research is improved on the basis of the catalytic reaction device, and a Faraday cup is arranged downstream of the catalyst layer in the reactor. The catalytic reaction device of the present invention can improve the catalytic reaction, and the catalyst charging research instrument can analyze the ions in the reactor, which can not only detect the generation characteristics of the ions, but also obtain the deposition characteristics of the ions on the catalyst surface.

Figure 202010462132

Description

Catalytic reaction device, instrument for catalyst electrification research and using method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pollutant treatment, and particularly relates to a catalytic reaction device, an instrument for catalyst electrification research and a using method.
Background
Plasma is an electrically neutral aggregate composed of many kinds of active particles such as electrons, photons, ions, and radicals, and is called a fourth species form except gas, liquid, and solid. According to the ion temperature, the plasma can be divided into low-temperature plasma and high-temperature plasma, and the low-temperature plasma includes corona discharge, radio-frequency discharge, glow discharge, dielectric barrier discharge and the like. In the plasma reactor, a high voltage electrode is arranged in a quartz tube and the outside is grounded to form dielectric barrier discharge, so that a large amount of active chemical substances including various ions and electrons are generated during gas discharge in the tube, and the active substances can be used for removing some pollutants, wherein a plasma coupling catalyst is mainly used for removing Volatile Organic Compounds (namely, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and the like. At present, technologies for removing VOCs by plasma catalysis have been applied, however, the influence of ions and electrons generated by gas discharge on the performance of the catalyst is not studied, for example, the rule of influence on the oxidizing performance of pollutants after the catalyst is charged is not clear, and there is no corresponding reaction device for relevant research, and as shown in fig. 5, the catalyst layer 8 and the discharge space 21 of the existing catalytic reaction device are at the same height, and ions generated in the discharge area cannot be captured.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a catalytic reactor, a catalyst charging research instrument and a use method thereof, wherein a catalyst layer is disposed downstream of a discharge space, which is advantageous in that the apparatus can be used as a plasma catalytic reactor, and the influence of the faraday cup disposed below the catalyst layer on the charging characteristics of the catalyst and the influence of ions and electrons on the performance of the catalyst can be researched.
The utility model provides a catalytic reaction device, includes gas mixer and reactor and electric stove, the reactor includes reaction tube, first electrode and second electrode, the reaction tube is equipped with first air inlet and gas outlet, first air inlet with the gas mixer passes through the breather pipe and links to each other, according to the gas flow direction, be equipped with in proper order in the reaction tube and discharge region and urgeThe electric furnace provides the temperature required by the catalytic reaction for the catalyst layer; the gap between the first electrode and the second electrode forms the discharge region. Reaction gas and protective gas enter through the gas inlet, and are discharged from the gas outlet of the reactor after passing through the discharge region and the catalyst layer; in the discharge area, when gas in the reaction tube is discharged, a large amount of active chemical substances such as various ions and electrons are generated, and the active chemical substances reach the catalyst layer along with the gas flow to perform chemical reaction so as to remove VOCs and NOXPM, etc.
Preferably, the reaction tube is a quartz tube with insulating sealing fittings at two ends, the first electrode is fixedly arranged in the quartz tube through the insulating sealing fittings, and the first electrode is connected to the output end of the high-voltage power supply through a first metal wire; the cross section of the second electrode is annular, the second electrode is fixedly sleeved outside the quartz tube through a movable metal ring, and the second electrode is grounded through a second metal wire. The metal ring is a little bigger than the quartz tube, can move up and down, and also can just fix the second electrode, and the second electrode can be conveniently fixed and replaced by using the movable metal ring.
Preferably, the device further comprises an oscilloscope, wherein the oscilloscope is connected with a first voltage probe and a first current probe, the first voltage probe is electrically connected with the first metal wire, and the first current probe is electrically connected with the second metal wire.
Preferably, the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is 1mm to 1000mm (i.e. the width of the cross section of the discharge region); the voltage peak value of the high-voltage power supply is between 1kV and 10kV, and the voltage waveform is in a pulse shape; the distance between the catalyst layer and the discharge region is 1mm to 1000mm (the distance between the top surface of the catalyst layer (the top of the uppermost catalyst pellet) and the bottom surface of the discharge region).
Preferably, the first electrode is made of metal, the first electrode is solid or hollow, the cross section of the first electrode is circular, oval, triangular or polygonal, and the material of the first electrode is iron, copper, silver, gold, platinum, aluminum, titanium, magnesium, manganese, lead, tin, stainless steel, copper alloy or aluminum alloy; when the first electrode is hollow, the exposed end can be connected with a high-voltage power supply through gas; the second electrode is formed by winding a metal sheet, a metal mesh and/or a wrinkled metal sheet around the outer wall of the reaction tube for one circle, and the second electrode is made of iron, copper, silver, gold, platinum, aluminum, titanium, magnesium, manganese, lead, tin, stainless steel, copper alloy or aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the catalyst type of the catalyst is a metal catalyst loaded on a carrier, wherein the metal component is an active component of the metal catalyst, and the carrier of the metal catalyst comprises alumina, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, diatomite, a molecular sieve or resin; the metal component comprises at least one of a noble metal, a base metal, an alkali metal, and a rare earth metal; the noble metal comprises at least one of gold, silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium; the base metal comprises at least one of copper, lead, nickel, zinc, iron, aluminum, tin, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, magnesium, calcium, cobalt, bismuth, cadmium, titanium, zirconium, antimony, manganese, beryllium, chromium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, hafnium, indium, niobium, rhenium, and thallium; the alkali metal comprises at least one of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium; rare earth metals include cerium metal; the catalyst layer is 3-5 cm high, the lower portion of the catalyst layer is fixed through quartz wool or glass wool or balls, and the balls are ceramic balls or quartz balls or glass balls.
Preferably, the reaction temperature of the catalyst is 20-800 ℃; the catalyst is a solid.
The invention also provides a catalyst electrification research instrument for detecting the electrification characteristic of the catalyst by utilizing the Faraday cup, which comprises the catalytic reaction device, wherein the Faraday cup is arranged at the downstream of the catalyst layer in the reaction pipe along the gas flowing direction. The Faraday cup examines the charge characteristics of the catalyst by detecting the amount of ionic charge in the presence or absence of the catalyst.
Preferably, the faraday cup is connected with a third metal wire, the third metal wire is provided with a resistor, the third metal wire is electrically connected with the second metal wire, the oscilloscope is provided with a second voltage probe and a second current probe, the second voltage probe is electrically connected with the resistor, and the second current probe is electrically connected with the third metal wire; the first electrode is hollow, a second air inlet is formed in the first electrode, the reaction tube is provided with a first air inlet, the first electrode is detachably mounted in the reaction tube, and the lower end of the first electrode is higher than the catalyst layer; the Faraday cup is in a shape of a porous cylinder and is made of metal with lower resistivity; the Faraday cup is made of porous metal with the diameter of 8-10 mm; the Faraday cup is made of silver, copper, gold, aluminum, calcium, beryllium, magnesium, molybdenum, iridium, tungsten, zinc, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, indium, iron or platinum.
The invention also provides a using method of the catalyst electrification research instrument, which is characterized in that the voltage and the current of the Faraday cups are respectively measured when the catalyst layer has the catalyst and does not have the catalyst, the ion quantity obtained by the Faraday cups twice is obtained, and the ion quantity adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst is calculated according to the difference value of the ion quantity and the ion quantity;
measuring the voltage and current of the Faraday cup when the catalyst layer has the catalyst, and the steps are as follows:
1) the part of the reactor, where the catalyst is placed, is placed in an electric furnace, and the reaction temperature required by the catalyst reaction is regulated and controlled between 50 ℃ and 800 ℃; the first electrode and the second electrode are respectively connected with the output end of the high-voltage power supply and a grounding wire through the first metal lead and the second metal lead; the voltage waveforms applied by the high-voltage power supply are positive pulses and negative pulses, and the absolute value of the voltage peak is 1 kV-10 kV;
2) the second gas inlet is filled with reaction gas, the first gas inlet is filled with protective gas, the protective gas is nitrogen or helium, and nitrogen or helium molecules are decomposed into N through the discharge area2 +Or He+。
3）、N2 +Or He+Residual ions reach the Faraday cup along with the airflow after passing through the catalyst layer, and are collected and detected by the Faraday cup; the rest gas is discharged through the gas outlet;
measuring the voltage and current of the Faraday cup when the catalyst layer is free of the catalyst, and the steps are as follows:
1) preparing the reactor without a catalyst in a catalyst layer, placing the part of the reactor, where the catalyst is originally placed, in an electric furnace, and regulating and controlling the reaction temperature required by the catalyst reaction at 50-800 ℃; the first electrode and the second electrode are respectively connected with the output end of the high-voltage power supply and a grounding wire through the first metal lead and the second metal lead; the voltage waveforms applied by the high-voltage power supply are positive pulses and negative pulses, and the absolute value of the voltage peak is 1 kV-10 kV;
2) the second air inlet does not feed in reaction gas, the first air inlet feeds in protective gas, the protective gas is nitrogen or helium, and nitrogen or helium molecules are decomposed into N through the discharge area2 +Or He+。
3）、N2 +Or He+The air flow reaches the Faraday cup, and the air flow is collected and detected by the Faraday cup; and the rest gas is discharged through the gas outlet.
Has the advantages that:
1) the catalytic reaction device of the invention arranges the catalyst layer at the downstream of the discharge space (discharge area), namely the catalytic reaction device can be used as an ion catalytic reaction device to promote the catalytic reaction and remove VOCs and NOXPM, etc. can also be made into the catalyst electrification research instrument by placing a Faraday cup at the downstream of the catalyst layer, the preparation is simple, the cost is low, and the two devices can be replaced at any time.
2) When the catalyst electrification research instrument is used, a discharge space is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode through a high-voltage power supply, and N is generated by discharging reaction gas nitrogen or helium2 +Or He+(ii) a When no catalyst is in the reaction tube, the ions flow into the Faraday cup along with the airflow to release charges to the Faraday cup, and the generation characteristics of the ions are obtained by detecting the voltage and the current of the Faraday cup; when catalyst is in the reaction tube, the ions flow to the catalyst layer along with the air flow, the residual ions release charges to the Faraday cup in the Faraday cup, and by detecting the voltage and the current of the Faraday cup,the generation characteristic of the ions is obtained, and the deposition characteristic of the ions on the surface of the catalyst is obtained through the ion amount obtained by twice Faraday cups.
Drawings
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a catalytic reaction apparatus for promoting a catalytic reaction by plasma discharge according to example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of the reactor of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of an apparatus for investigating the electrification of a catalyst according to example 2, in which a Faraday cup is used to detect the electrification characteristics of the catalyst;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the main structure of a reactor section according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a conventional reactor structure.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a gas mixer, 2, a first gas inlet, 3, a second metal wire, 4, a first metal wire, 5, a second gas inlet, 6, a first electrode, 7, a second electrode, 8, a catalyst layer, 9, a gas outlet, 10, an electric furnace, 11, a reaction tube, 12, a high-voltage power supply, 13, an oscilloscope, 14, a first voltage probe, 15, a first current probe, 16, a grounding wire, 17, a second voltage probe, 18, a second current probe, 19, a resistor, 20, a third metal wire, 21, a discharge area, 22, a Faraday cup, 23 and an insulating sealing fitting; 24. quartz wool; 25. a metal ring.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, a catalytic reaction device, that is, a catalytic reaction device for promoting catalytic reaction by plasma discharge, includes a gas mixer 1, a reactor, an electric furnace 10, a high voltage power supply 12 and an oscilloscope 13, wherein the reactor includes a reaction tube 11, a first electrode 6 and a second electrode 7, the reaction tube 11 is provided with a first gas inlet 2 and a gas outlet 9, the first gas inlet 2 is connected with the gas mixer 1 through a vent pipe, a discharge area 21 (also called as a discharge space) and a catalyst layer 8 are sequentially arranged in the reaction tube 11 according to a gas flowing direction, and the electric furnace 10 provides a temperature required by catalytic reaction for the catalyst layer 8. The reaction tube 11 is a quartz tube with insulating sealing fittings 23 at two ends, a first electrode 6 is fixedly arranged in the quartz tube through the insulating sealing fittings 23, and the first electrode 6 is connected to the output end of the high-voltage power supply 12 through a first metal wire 4; a movable metal ring is sleeved outside the quartz tube, the second electrode 7 fixedly surrounds the quartz tube for a circle through the movable metal ring 25, namely the second electrode 7 is wound around the quartz tube to form a ring-shaped cross section and is fixed through the movable metal ring 25 (capable of moving up and down outside the quartz tube), so that the second electrode 7 and the first electrode 6 can be coaxial, and the second electrode 7 is grounded through the second metal lead 3; a discharge area 21 is formed between the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7, the oscilloscope 13 is connected with a first voltage probe 14 and a first current probe 15, the first voltage probe 14 is electrically connected with the first metal lead 4, and the first current probe 15 is electrically connected with the second metal lead 3.
The first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7 may be made of iron, copper, silver, gold, platinum, aluminum, titanium, magnesium, manganese, lead, tin, graphite, stainless steel, copper alloy or aluminum alloy. In this embodiment, the first electrode 6 is made of stainless steel, and the second electrode 7 is made of aluminum. The distance between the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7 is 1mm to 1000mm, that is, the width of the cross section (in the form of a ring) of the discharge region 21 formed is 1mm to 1000 mm; the cross section of the first electrode 6 is circular and is made of metal, the first electrode 6 can be solid or hollow, in this embodiment, the solid first electrode 6 is used, the outer diameter of the first electrode 6 is 6 mm, and the length of the first electrode 6 is 26 cm; the cross section of the second electrode 7 is annular, and the quartz tube (i.e. the reaction tube 11) is wrapped by a metal sheet, a metal mesh or a wrinkled metal sheet, and the metal sheet is adopted in the embodiment, and the thickness is 0.1 mm-1 mm.
In practical use, the first electrode 6 is connected with the first metal wire 4, the second electrode 7 is connected with the second metal wire 3, the other ends of the first metal wire 4 and the second metal wire 3 are respectively connected with the output end of the high-voltage power supply 12 and the grounding wire 16, the high-voltage power supply 12 outputs voltage, the output voltage waveform of the high-voltage power supply 12 is in a pulse shape, and the voltage peak value is between 1kV and 10 kV; the voltage and current of the discharge area 21 are detected by the first voltage probe 14 and the first current probe 15, and the result is displayed on the screen of the oscilloscope 13.
The catalyst type of the catalyst layer 8 is a metal catalyst loaded on a carrier, wherein the metal component is an active component of the metal catalyst, and the carrier of the metal catalyst comprises alumina, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, diatomite, a molecular sieve or resin; the metal component includes at least one of a noble metal, a base metal, an alkali metal, and a rare earth metal; wherein the noble metal comprises at least one of gold, silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium; the base metal comprises at least one of copper, lead, nickel, zinc, iron, aluminum, tin, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, magnesium, calcium, cobalt, bismuth, cadmium, titanium, zirconium, antimony, manganese, beryllium, chromium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, hafnium, indium, niobium, rhenium, and thallium; the alkali metal comprises at least one of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium; the rare earth metal includes cerium metal. The thickness, namely the height, of the catalyst layer 8 is 3-5 cm, the lower part of the catalyst layer 8 is fixed through quartz wool 24 or glass wool or balls, and the balls are ceramic balls or quartz balls or glass balls; the catalyst is spherical, when the device is used, the first electrode 6 is directly inserted into the catalyst layer 8 (or not inserted into the catalyst layer 8, depending on the conditions required by the experiment), the catalyst (the catalyst is particles) is placed in the gap between the first electrode 6 and the reaction tube 11 (the quartz tube) and is just clamped between the first electrode 6 and the reaction tube 11, and the lower end of the catalyst is tightly plugged by quartz wool 24 or glass wool, so that the catalyst layer 8 can be well arranged in the reaction tube 11; the fixing by means of the balls is carried out in such a manner that the balls are filled up to the bottom of the reaction tube 11 and the catalyst is placed above the balls. The fixing manner of the catalyst layer 8 depends on the conditions required for the experiment.
The using method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps in practical use:
1. the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7 are connected with the output end of the high-voltage power supply 12 and the grounding wire 16 through the first metal lead 4 and the second metal lead 3 respectively.
2. High voltage is output by a high-voltage power supply 12 and is loaded on the first electrode 6, so that an electric field is formed in a discharge area 21 between the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7, the applied voltage waveforms are positive pulses and negative pulses, and the absolute value of a common voltage peak value is 1 kV-10 kV.
3. Mixed gas containing VOCs (the mixed gas comprises reaction gas and protective gas, the reaction gas comprises waste gas containing VOCs to be purified and oxygen (the reaction gas can contain liquid, namely reaction including but not limited to gas), and the protective gas is nitrogen or helium), the mixed gas is discharged through the discharge area 21 to generate electrons and ions, and the electrons and ions can oxidize and decompose pollutants into harmless small molecules under the action of a catalyst.
4. The purified gas is discharged through the gas outlet 9.
The principle is as follows:
the mixed gas enters the reactor through the first gas inlet 2, the gas passes through a discharge area 21 formed by the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7, and after discharge, active substances such as ions are generated, wherein nitrogen or helium generates electrons and N through discharge2 +Or He+，O2Generating energetic oxygen atoms and forming O by discharge3Etc. of active substance, wherein O3Can directly oxidize and decompose partial harmful substances, other active substances flow to the catalyst layer 8 along with the gas to further react, and pollutants such as VOCs and the like can be decomposed into CO under the action of the catalyst2、H2And O and other harmless substances, so that the purpose of removing pollutants is achieved, and finally, the purpose of removing pollutants is achieved by the catalytic reaction device for promoting catalytic reaction through plasma discharge.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3-4, an apparatus for investigating catalyst electrification by using a faraday cup to detect the electrification characteristic of a catalyst is improved based on example 1, a faraday cup 22 is added at the downstream of a catalyst layer 8 of a reaction tube 11, the faraday cup 22 is connected with a third metal wire 20, the third metal wire 20 is connected with a resistor 19, a second voltage probe 17 on an oscilloscope 13 is electrically connected with the resistor 19, a second current probe 18 is electrically connected with the third metal wire 20, a hollow first electrode 6 is used and the lower end is higher than the catalyst layer 8, the lower end of the catalyst layer 8 is fixed by quartz wool 24 or glass wool, namely, the catalyst is placed on the quartz wool 24 or glass wool, and the quartz wool 24 or glass wool is plugged in the reaction tube 11, or the catalyst can be fixed by a ball (the ball is a ceramic ball or a quartz ball or a glass ball) according to the required conditions of an experiment, the fixing method by ball is that the ball is filled to the bottom of the reaction tube 11, the catalyst is placed above the ball, and the second air inlet 5 exposed at the outer end (upper end) can be introduced with gas and connected with a high-voltage power supply.
The using method comprises the following steps:
when in specific use, the method comprises the following steps:
the voltage and current of faraday cup 22 are measured with catalyst in catalyst layer 8, as follows:
1) the part of the reactor where the catalyst is placed in an electric furnace 10, and the reaction temperature required by the catalyst reaction is regulated and controlled between 50 ℃ and 800 ℃; the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7 are respectively connected with the output end of the high-voltage power supply 12 and the grounding wire 16 through the first metal lead 4 and the second metal lead 3; the voltage waveform applied by the high-voltage power supply 12 is positive pulse and negative pulse, and the absolute value of the voltage peak value is 1 kV-10 kV;
2) the second gas inlet 5 is filled with reaction gas, the first gas inlet 2 is filled with protective gas, the protective gas is nitrogen or helium, and nitrogen or helium molecules are decomposed into N through a discharge area2 +Or He+. Since the gas introduced through the first gas inlet 2 passes through the discharge region and the gas introduced through the second gas inlet 5 does not pass through the discharge reaction, when the influence of a single ion needs to be considered, the first gas inlet 2 introduces the shielding gas (the shielding gas is nitrogen or helium), the second gas inlet 5 introduces the reaction gas, and the ion (N) can be inspected2 +Or He+) The influence of other ions on the experiment is avoided.
3）、N2 +Or He+After the air flow passes through the catalyst layer 8, the residual ions reach the Faraday cup 22, and are collected and detected by the Faraday cup 22(ii) a The rest gas is discharged through a gas outlet 9;
the voltage and current of faraday cup 22 were measured in the absence of catalyst in catalyst layer 8 by the following steps:
1) preparing a reactor with a catalyst layer 8 not containing a catalyst, placing the part of the reactor originally containing the catalyst (and the same part of the position where the catalyst is located when the voltage and the current of the Faraday cup 22 when the catalyst layer 8 contains the catalyst are measured) in an electric furnace 10, and regulating and controlling the reaction temperature between 50 ℃ and 800 ℃; the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7 are respectively connected with the output end of the high-voltage power supply 12 and the grounding wire 16 through the first metal lead 4 and the second metal lead 3; the voltage waveform applied by the high-voltage power supply 12 is positive pulse and negative pulse, and the absolute value of the voltage peak value is 1 kV-10 kV;
2) the second air inlet 5 does not feed reaction gas, the first air inlet 2 feeds protective gas, the protective gas is nitrogen or helium, and nitrogen or helium molecules are decomposed into N through a discharge area2 +Or He+。
3）、N2 +Or He+As the airflow reaches faraday cup 22, it is captured and detected by faraday cup 22; the rest gas is discharged through the gas outlet 9.
Principle of
The gas passing through the apparatus for investigating catalyst electrification in this example may be N2Or He, N2Or He generates electrons and N by discharging2 +Or He+The amount of ions captured and detected by faraday cup 22 as the gas flows toward faraday cup 22, and thus the present invention can be used to measure plasma generated ions. In this embodiment, the apparatus for investigating catalyst electrification measures the voltage and current of the faraday cup 22 when the catalyst layer 8 has a catalyst and does not have a catalyst, respectively, to obtain the ion amount obtained by the faraday cup 22 twice, and calculates the ion amount adsorbed on the catalyst surface by the difference between the two ion amounts.
Specifically, a discharge space, namely a discharge area 21 is formed between the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7 through a high-voltage power supply 12, and N is generated by discharging nitrogen or helium serving as reaction gas2 +Or He+(ii) a When in useWhen no catalyst is in the reaction tube 11, the ions flow into the Faraday cup 22 along with the airflow to release charges to the Faraday cup 22, and the generation characteristics of the ions are obtained by detecting the voltage and the current of the Faraday cup 22; when a catalyst is present in the reaction tube 11, ions remaining after flowing to the catalyst layer 8 along with the gas flow release charges to the faraday cup 22 in the faraday cup 22, the generation characteristic (ion amount) of the ions is obtained by detecting the voltage and current of the faraday cup 22, and finally the ion amount deposited on the surface of the catalyst, that is, the deposition characteristic of the ions on the surface of the catalyst, is obtained by making a difference between the ion amounts obtained by the secondary faraday cup.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and their concepts should be equivalent or changed within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1.一种催化反应装置，其特征在于，包括气体混合器(1)和反应器以及电炉(10)，反应器包括反应管(11)、第一电极(6)和第二电极(7)，反应管(11)设有第一进气口(2)和出气口(9)，第一进气口(2)与气体混合器(1)通过通气管相连，按照气体流动方向，反应管(11)内依次设有放电区域(21)和催化剂层(8)，电炉(10)为催化剂层(8)提供催化反应所需的温度；第一电极(6)和第二电极(7)之间的间隙形成放电区域(21)；第一电极(6)为空心，第一电极(6)设有第二进气口(5)。1. A catalytic reaction device, characterized in that it comprises a gas mixer (1), a reactor and an electric furnace (10), and the reactor comprises a reaction tube (11), a first electrode (6) and a second electrode (7) , the reaction tube (11) is provided with a first air inlet (2) and an air outlet (9), the first air inlet (2) is connected with the gas mixer (1) through a vent pipe, and according to the gas flow direction, the reaction tube (11) A discharge area (21) and a catalyst layer (8) are arranged in sequence, and the electric furnace (10) provides the catalyst layer (8) with the temperature required for the catalytic reaction; the first electrode (6) and the second electrode (7) The gap between them forms a discharge area (21); the first electrode (6) is hollow, and the first electrode (6) is provided with a second air inlet (5). 2.根据权利要求1所述的催化反应装置，其特征在于，反应管(11)为两端装有绝缘密封配件(23)的石英管，石英管内通过绝缘密封配件(23)固定设有第一电极(6)，第一电极(6)通过第一金属导线(4)连接到高压电源(12)的输出端；第二电极(7)的横截面为环形，通过可移动金属圆环(25)固定套在石英管外部，第二电极(7)通过第二金属导线(3)接地。2. The catalytic reaction device according to claim 1, wherein the reaction tube (11) is a quartz tube with insulating sealing fittings (23) installed at both ends, and the quartz tube is fixedly provided with a second insulating sealing fitting (23) in the quartz tube. an electrode (6), the first electrode (6) is connected to the output end of the high-voltage power supply (12) through the first metal wire (4); the cross-section of the second electrode (7) is annular, and the movable metal ring ( 25) The fixed sleeve is outside the quartz tube, and the second electrode (7) is grounded through the second metal wire (3). 3.根据权利要求2所述的催化反应装置，其特征在于，还包括示波器(13)，示波器(13)连接有第一电压探头(14)和第一电流探头(15)，第一电压探头(14)和第一金属导线(4)电连接，第一电流探头(15)与第二金属导线(3)电连接。3. The catalytic reaction device according to claim 2, further comprising an oscilloscope (13), the oscilloscope (13) is connected with a first voltage probe (14) and a first current probe (15), the first voltage probe (14) is electrically connected to the first metal wire (4), and the first current probe (15) is electrically connected to the second metal wire (3). 4.根据权利要求2所述的催化反应装置，其特征在于，第一电极(6)和第二电极(7)之间的距离是1mm～1000mm；高压电源(12)的电压峰值在1kV到10kV之间，电压波形为脉冲形状；催化剂层(8)和放电区域(21)的间距为1mm到1000mm。4. The catalytic reaction device according to claim 2, wherein the distance between the first electrode (6) and the second electrode (7) is 1 mm to 1000 mm; the voltage peak value of the high voltage power supply (12) is between 1 kV and 1000 mm Between 10 kV, the voltage waveform is in the shape of a pulse; the distance between the catalyst layer (8) and the discharge area (21) is 1 mm to 1000 mm. 5.根据权利要求2所述的催化反应装置，其特征在于，第一电极(6)由金属制成，第一电极(6)的横截面形状为圆形、椭圆形、三角形或者多边形，材质为铁、铜、银、金、铂、铝、钛、镁、锰、铅、锡、不锈钢、铜合金或铝合金；暴露在外一端可通入气体并连接高压电源(12)；第二电极(7)由金属片、金属网和或者有褶皱的金属片围绕反应管(11)的外壁一周缠绕而成，第二电极(7)的材质为铁、铜、银、金、铂、铝、钛、镁、锰、铅、锡、不锈钢、铜合金或铝合金。5. The catalytic reaction device according to claim 2, wherein the first electrode (6) is made of metal, the cross-sectional shape of the first electrode (6) is a circle, an ellipse, a triangle or a polygon, and the material It is iron, copper, silver, gold, platinum, aluminum, titanium, magnesium, manganese, lead, tin, stainless steel, copper alloy or aluminum alloy; the exposed end can pass gas and be connected to a high-voltage power supply (12); the second electrode ( 7) It is formed by winding metal sheets, metal meshes and or wrinkled metal sheets around the outer wall of the reaction tube (11), and the material of the second electrode (7) is iron, copper, silver, gold, platinum, aluminum, titanium , magnesium, manganese, lead, tin, stainless steel, copper alloy or aluminum alloy. 6.根据权利要求1所述的催化反应装置，其特征在于，催化剂层(8)的催化剂种类为负载于载体上的金属催化剂，其中金属组分为其活性成分，金属催化剂的载体包括三氧化二铝、二氧化钛、二氧化硅、硅藻土、分子筛或树脂；金属组分包括贵金属、贱金属、碱金属和稀土金属中的至少一种；贵金属包括金、银、铂、钯和铑中的至少一种；贱金属包括铜、铅、镍、锌、铁、铝、锡、钨、钼、钽、镁、钙、钴、铋、镉、钛、锆、锑、锰、铍、铬、锗、钒、镓、铪、铟、铌、铼和铊中的至少一种；碱金属包括锂、钠、钾、铷、铯和钫中的至少一种；稀土金属包括铈；催化剂层(8)高度在3～5cm之间，催化剂层(8)的下部通过石英棉(24)或者玻璃棉或者球固定，球为陶瓷球或石英球或玻璃球。6. The catalytic reaction device according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst type of the catalyst layer (8) is a metal catalyst supported on a carrier, wherein the metal component is its active component, and the carrier of the metal catalyst comprises trioxide Dialuminum, titanium dioxide, silica, diatomaceous earth, molecular sieve or resin; metal components include at least one of precious metals, base metals, alkali metals and rare earth metals; precious metals include gold, silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium at least one; base metals including copper, lead, nickel, zinc, iron, aluminum, tin, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, magnesium, calcium, cobalt, bismuth, cadmium, titanium, zirconium, antimony, manganese, beryllium, chromium, germanium , at least one of vanadium, gallium, hafnium, indium, niobium, rhenium and thallium; the alkali metal includes at least one of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium; the rare earth metal includes cerium; the catalyst layer (8) The height is between 3 and 5 cm, and the lower part of the catalyst layer (8) is fixed by quartz wool (24) or glass wool or balls, and the balls are ceramic balls, quartz balls or glass balls. 7.根据权利要求1所述的催化反应装置，其特征在于，催化剂的反应温度为20℃～800℃；催化剂为固体。7 . The catalytic reaction device according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction temperature of the catalyst is 20° C.˜800° C.; and the catalyst is solid. 8 . 8.一种利用法拉第杯来检测催化剂的带电特性的催化剂带电研究用仪器，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-7任意一项所述的催化反应装置，沿气体流动方向，反应管(11)内位于催化剂层(8)的下游设有法拉第杯(22)。8. A catalyst charging research instrument utilizing Faraday cup to detect the charging characteristic of catalyst, it is characterized in that, comprise the catalytic reaction device described in any one of claim 1-7, along gas flow direction, reaction tube (11) A Faraday cup (22) is arranged downstream of the catalyst layer (8). 9.根据权利要求8所述的催化剂带电研究用仪器，其特征在于，法拉第杯(22)连接有第三金属导线(20)，第三金属导线(20)设有电阻(19)，第三金属导线(20)与第二金属导线(3)电连接，示波器(13)设有第二电压探头(17)和第二电流探头(18)，第二电压探头(17)和电阻(19)电连接，第二电流探头(18)与第三金属导线(20)电连接；反应管(11)设有第一进气口(2)，第一电极(6)可拆卸的安装在反应管(11)内且下端高于催化剂层(8)；法拉第杯(22)形状为多孔圆柱体，材质为电阻(19)率较低的金属；法拉第杯(22)为直径8毫米～10毫米的多孔金属；法拉第杯(22)的材质为银、铜、金、铝、钙、铍、镁、钼、铱、钨、锌、钴、镍、镉、铟、铁或铂。9. The catalyst charging research instrument according to claim 8, wherein the Faraday cup (22) is connected with a third metal wire (20), the third metal wire (20) is provided with a resistance (19), and the third The metal wire (20) is electrically connected to the second metal wire (3), the oscilloscope (13) is provided with a second voltage probe (17) and a second current probe (18), a second voltage probe (17) and a resistance (19) Electrical connection, the second current probe (18) is electrically connected with the third metal wire (20); the reaction tube (11) is provided with a first air inlet (2), and the first electrode (6) is detachably installed in the reaction tube (11) and its lower end is higher than the catalyst layer (8); the Faraday cup (22) is a porous cylinder in the shape of a metal with a low resistance (19); the Faraday cup (22) is 8 mm to 10 mm in diameter Porous metal; the Faraday cup (22) is made of silver, copper, gold, aluminum, calcium, beryllium, magnesium, molybdenum, iridium, tungsten, zinc, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, indium, iron or platinum. 10.一种权利要求9所述的催化剂带电研究用仪器的使用方法，其特征在于，分别测量催化剂层(8)有催化剂和无催化剂时的法拉第杯(22)的电压和电流，得到两次法拉第杯(22)获得的离子量，通过二者的差值，计算出催化剂表面吸附的离子量；10. the using method of the described catalyst charging research instrument of claim 9, is characterized in that, measuring the voltage and current of Faraday cup (22) when catalyst layer (8) has catalyst and catalyst-free respectively, obtain twice The amount of ions obtained by the Faraday cup (22) is calculated from the difference between the two to calculate the amount of ions adsorbed on the catalyst surface; 测量催化剂层(8)有催化剂时的法拉第杯(22)的电压和电流，步骤如下：To measure the voltage and current of the Faraday cup (22) when the catalyst layer (8) has a catalyst, the steps are as follows: 1)、反应器放置催化剂的部分置于电炉(10)中，在50℃～800℃之间调控催化剂反应所需的反应温度；第一电极(6)和第二电极(7)分别通过第一金属导线(4)和第二金属导线(3)连接高压电源(12)输出端和接地线(16)；通过高压电源(12)所加的电压波形为正脉冲和负脉冲，电压峰值的绝对值在1kV～10kV；1), the part of the reactor where the catalyst is placed is placed in the electric furnace (10), and the reaction temperature required for the catalyst reaction is adjusted between 50°C and 800°C; the first electrode (6) and the second electrode (7) pass through the first electrode (6) and the second electrode (7). A metal wire (4) and a second metal wire (3) are connected to the output end of the high-voltage power supply (12) and the ground wire (16); the voltage waveforms applied by the high-voltage power supply (12) are positive pulses and negative pulses, and the voltage peak The absolute value is between 1kV and 10kV; 2)、第二进气口(5)通入反应气，第一进气口(2)通入保护气，保护气为氮气或者氦气，氮气或者氦气分子经过放电区域(21)被分解成N2 +或者He+。2) The reaction gas is introduced into the second air inlet (5), the protective gas is introduced into the first air inlet (2), and the protective gas is nitrogen or helium, and the nitrogen or helium molecules are decomposed through the discharge area (21) into N 2 + or He + . 3)、N2 +或者He+随着气流经催化剂层(8)后，剩余离子到达法拉第杯(22)处，由法拉第杯(22)进行捕集与检测；其余的气体通过出气口(9)排出；3) After N 2 + or He + passes through the catalyst layer (8) with the gas flow, the remaining ions reach the Faraday cup (22), and are captured and detected by the Faraday cup (22); the rest of the gas passes through the gas outlet (9). )discharge; 测量催化剂层(8)无催化剂时的法拉第杯(22)的电压和电流，步骤如下：To measure the voltage and current of the Faraday cup (22) when the catalyst layer (8) has no catalyst, the steps are as follows: 1)、准备催化剂层(8)不放置催化剂的反应器，将原本放置催化剂的反应器的部分置于电炉(10)中，在50℃～800℃之间调控催化剂反应所需的反应温度；第一电极(6)和第二电极(7)分别通过第一金属导线(4)和第二金属导线(3)连接高压电源(12)输出端和接地线(16)；通过高压电源(12)所加的电压波形为正脉冲和负脉冲，电压峰值的绝对值在1kV～10kV；1), prepare a catalyst layer (8) without placing a catalyst reactor, place the part of the reactor where the catalyst was originally placed in an electric furnace (10), and adjust the reaction temperature required for the catalyst reaction between 50°C and 800°C; The first electrode (6) and the second electrode (7) are respectively connected to the output end of the high voltage power supply (12) and the ground wire (16) through the first metal wire (4) and the second metal wire (3); ) The applied voltage waveform is positive pulse and negative pulse, and the absolute value of the voltage peak is 1kV ~ 10kV; 2)、第二进气口(5)不通入反应气，第一进气口(2)通入保护气，保护气为氮气或者氦气，氮气或者氦气分子经过放电区域(21)被分解成N2 +或者He+；2), the second air inlet (5) does not pass the reaction gas, the first air inlet (2) is fed with a protective gas, the protective gas is nitrogen or helium, and the nitrogen or helium molecules are decomposed through the discharge area (21) into N 2 + or He + ; 3)、N2 +或者He+随着气流到达法拉第杯(22)处，由法拉第杯(22)进行捕集与检测；其余气体通过出气口(9)排出。3) N 2 + or He + reaches the Faraday cup (22) with the gas flow, and is captured and detected by the Faraday cup (22); the rest of the gas is discharged through the gas outlet (9).
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