CN111616101A - Ecological breeding method of osmanthus fragrans chickens - Google Patents
Ecological breeding method of osmanthus fragrans chickens Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological breeding method of osmanthus fragrans chickens, which comprises the following steps: (1) building a chicken farm: selecting a dense forest with flat ground and growing grass as a breeding ground, and establishing a plurality of barns in the middle of the breeding ground; (2) and (3) chick breeding: selecting 15-20 days old chicks, feeding with the feed 5-7 times per day, and feeding with water 2-3 times; (3) stocking management: breeding chicks in a chicken house to 35-40 days old, feeding water to local chickens every morning, and then, scattering the local chickens to stocking areas, wherein the stocking areas are stocked in turn; feeding growth feed in the daytime for 2-3 times; (4) disease prevention: regularly clean chicken coops and breeding places, perform disinfection treatment, prevent diseases by vaccine injection, and regularly perform insect expelling work. According to the ecological breeding method of the sweet osmanthus chickens, the disease resistance of the local chickens is improved by adding a special feed formula in the breeding process of the local chickens, so that the local chickens are healthier and grow faster, the meat of the local chickens is fresh and tender, the ecological breeding method has a better health care value, and the ecological breeding method meets the requirement of green food.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of poultry breeding, in particular to an ecological breeding method of osmanthus fragrans chickens.
Background
With the rapid development of social economy and the continuous improvement of the living standard of urban and rural people, not only the consumption habits and dietary structures of people are changed, but also the consumption concept is deeply transformed from a single nutrition consumption concept to a safe, environment-friendly, nutritional, quality and comprehensive consumption concept, and especially the safety and flavor are increasingly concerned by consumers. The local hybrid chicken is also called grass chicken and stupid chicken, is domesticated from ancient times, is not hybridized and optimally bred, is cultured by natural foraging or combined coarse feeding for a long time, has stronger field foraging and survival ability, and has the characteristics of coarse feeding resistance, strong nesting property, strong disease resistance and the like. The local hybrid chicken has the characteristics of rich nutrition, delicious meat, good flavor, no pollution, no drug residue, health and safety, environmental protection and the like, so that the unique characteristic just meets the modern consumption concept of consumers, and the market demand prospect is wide.
The local chicken output bred by the feed in the existing chicken farm can greatly meet the market demand, the price is low, but the chicken bred by the method has more fat and poor meat quality and flavor, the consumption market is influenced, and the development of farmers is restricted. In addition, most farmers do not have professional training at present, the breeding method is unscientific, the breeding period of the local chicken is longer, the breeding conditions are harsher, the immunity and disease resistance of the local chicken are poorer, the survival rate is lower, and the meat quality of the local chicken is seriously influenced. Therefore, a scientific and reasonable method for ecologically breeding organic local chickens is urgently needed and popularized, so that farmers can scientifically and reasonably breed the organic local chickens. On one hand, the income of farmers can be increased, and on the other hand, the free-range chicken which is reasonable in price, tender in meat quality, delicious in taste, high in quality and meets the requirements of green food is provided for the market.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects in the prior art, the ecological type breeding method of the osmanthus fragrans chickens is provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an ecological breeding method of osmanthus fragrans chickens, which comprises the following steps:
(1) building a chicken farm: selecting a dense forest with flat ground and growing grass as a breeding ground, and dividing the breeding ground into a plurality of stocking areas; planting perennial grass under the forest, and establishing a plurality of henhouses in the positions with high topography and good ventilation and drainage in the middle of the breeding ground;
(2) and (3) chick breeding: selecting 15-20 days old chicks with good disease resistance, small size, sensitive response, liveliness and healthy, feeding the chicks with the feed 5-7 times a day and feeding the chicks with water 2-3 times; the young bird breeding feed is a mixture consisting of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of corn, 10-30 parts of bean cake, 15-20 parts of carrot, 10-20 parts of pumpkin, 3-4 parts of sweet osmanthus powder, 0.5-1 part of lucid ganoderma powder, 1-3 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 1-3 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 1-2 parts of garlicin and 2-4 parts of vitamin;
(3) stocking management: breeding chicks in a chicken house to 35-40 days old, feeding water to local chickens every morning, then scattering the local chickens to stocking areas, stocking the local chickens in turn in the stocking areas, capturing insects, seeking grass seeds, pecking tender grass in the stocking areas, and returning the local chickens to the chicken house at night; feeding growth feed for 2-3 times in the daytime, wherein the growth feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-45 parts of corn, 5-13 parts of soybean meal, 15-20 parts of rice bran, 10-15 parts of vegetable leaves, 1-2 parts of houttuynia cordata, 1-3 parts of taurine, 5-10 parts of chitosan, 3-7 parts of honeysuckle, 6-10 parts of pseudo-ginseng, 5-6 parts of sweet osmanthus powder, 1-2 parts of ganoderma lucidum powder and 0.1-0.5 part of biological enzyme preparation;
(4) disease prevention: cleaning and disinfecting chicken houses and breeding places regularly, making good sanitation in the chicken houses, checking the sanitation and ventilation conditions of the chicken houses, observing the feeding and drinking conditions of chicken flocks every day, often checking chicken manure, finding sick chickens to be isolated and treated immediately, prohibiting stocking in rainy and snowy days, making vaccine injection for preventing diseases, and regularly expelling insects.
Furthermore, in the ecological breeding method of the osmanthus fragrans chickens, the grass in the step (1) is at least three of broadleaf paspalum, hybrid pennisetum, kudzu, bermuda grass, clover, bunge corydalis herb, motherwort herb and ixeris sonchifolia.
Further, in the ecological breeding method of osmanthus fragrans chickens, in the step (1), the henhouse is 30cm higher than the ground, a feeding trough and a water trough are installed in the henhouse, and the building area of each henhouse is not more than 100m2400-500 local chickens in each henhouse are spaced at least 10m apart from each other, and good ventilation is kept.
Further, in the ecological breeding method of the osmanthus fragrans chickens, the chicks in the step (2) are selected from Xianju chickens or Lingshan chickens which have strong disease resistance, low environmental requirements, strong adaptability and good meat quality.
Further, in the ecological breeding method of the osmanthus fragrans chickens, the water fed in the step (2) is saline water containing EM (effective microorganisms) microbial ecological agents, and the mass ratio of the water, the salt and the EM microbial ecological agents is 100: (3-5): (0.1-0.3).
Further, in the ecological breeding method of osmanthus fragrans chickens, the preparation method of the young chicken breeding feed in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(21) respectively crushing the corn and the bean cake according to the formula ratio, sieving the crushed corn and the bean cake with a 50-100-mesh sieve, adding the carrot and the pumpkin according to the formula ratio, steaming the mixture until the mixture is cooked and mashed, and mashing the mixture into paste for later use;
(22) adding water into the sweet osmanthus powder, the lucid ganoderma powder, the baical skullcap root and the eucommia bark according to the formula ratio, decocting in water for 4-5 hours, filtering, taking the filtrate and filter residue, drying and grinding into powder for later use;
(23) and (3) adding the mixture prepared in the step (22) into the mixture prepared in the step (21), adding the allicin and the vitamins in the formula ratio, uniformly stirring, sterilizing, granulating, and drying to obtain the young bird feed, and storing for later use.
Further, in the ecological breeding method of osmanthus fragrans chickens, the stocking time in the step (3) is 7: 00-17: 00, feeding time is 8: 00. 13: 00 and 16: 00,8: 00 percent of feed accounting for 30 percent of feed in the whole day, 13: 00 percent of feed accounting for 30 percent of feed in the whole day, 16: the feeding amount of 00 accounts for 40 percent of the feed amount of the whole day.
Further, in the ecological breeding method of osmanthus fragrans chickens, the preparation method of the growth feed in the step (3) comprises the following steps:
(31) processing corn, bean pulp and rice bran into puffing raw materials according to a formula ratio by a puffing process;
(32) fully stirring the corn, the soybean meal and the rice bran puffed raw materials prepared in the step (31) with vegetable leaves, houttuynia cordata, taurine and chitosan according to a formula ratio in a stirrer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix;
(33) putting the honeysuckle, the pseudo-ginseng, the sweet osmanthus powder and the lucid ganoderma powder into a sand pot according to the formula ratio, adding 15 times of clean cold water to soak for 20 minutes, then heating and decocting the sand pot, keeping a slightly boiling state with small fire after boiling for 25 minutes, filtering and concentrating to obtain Chinese herbal medicine liquid;
(34) and (3) putting the premix prepared in the step (32) into the Chinese herbal medicine liquid prepared in the step (33), putting the biological enzyme preparation in a formula ratio, fully and uniformly mixing, performing steam curing treatment on the obtained mixture in a granulation production line, and performing granulation treatment to obtain granular growth feed which is stored for later use.
Further, in the ecological breeding method of the osmanthus fragrans chickens, in the step (3), the biological enzyme preparation is prepared from cellulase, beer yeast powder, protease agent and amylase agent according to a weight ratio of 1: (2-3): (0.5-1.5): (3-5).
Further, in the ecological breeding method of osmanthus fragrans chickens, the henhouse in the step (1) is a house type henhouse or a net shed type henhouse, padding is arranged in the henhouse, the padding is selected from one or more of sawdust, bedding grass and rice hulls, disinfection treatment is carried out before use, and the henhouse is replaced once in 15-20 days after use.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
according to the ecological breeding method of the Guihua chicken, provided by the invention, the special feed formula is added in the local chicken breeding process, and the local chicken is bred in a specific breeding environment for a specified time, so that the disease resistance of the local chicken is increased, even the meat of the local chicken has the fragrance and components of sweet osmanthus, lucid ganoderma or Chinese herbal medicines, and a better nourishing effect is achieved for the human body after the local chicken is eaten by the human body; the free-range chicken breeding method has the advantages that free-range chickens are bred in a chicken house and a breeding area in a combined mode, different feed formulas are configured according to feed requirements in different free-range chicken breeding processes, free-range survival capacity of the free-range chickens is improved, free-range chickens are prevented from getting ill, and nutritional requirements for growth of the free-range chickens are met; meanwhile, after the traditional Chinese medicine components are eaten by the local chickens, the resistance of the local chickens can be enhanced, the disease resistance is high, the survival rate of the local chickens is greatly improved, the morbidity of the local chickens is reduced by 40%, the quality of the local chickens is improved, the local chickens are healthier and grow more quickly, the meat quality of the local chickens is fresh and tender, the health care value is better, the requirements of green food are met, and a large amount of feeding cost is saved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail and specifically with reference to the following examples to facilitate better understanding of the present invention, but the following examples do not limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an ecological breeding method of osmanthus fragrans chickens, which comprises the following steps:
(1) building a chicken farm: selecting a dense forest with flat ground and growing grass as a breeding ground, and dividing the breeding ground into a plurality of stocking areas; planting perennial grass under the forest, and establishing a plurality of henhouses in the positions with high topography and good ventilation and drainage in the middle of the breeding ground; the grass is broadleaf paspalum, bunge corydalis herb, motherwort herb and Ixeris denticulata; the henhouse is 30cm higher than the ground, a feeding trough and a water trough are arranged in the henhouse, and the building area of each henhouse is 100m2450 local chickens in each henhouse are separated by 15m, and good ventilation is kept; the chicken coop is a house type chicken coop, padding is arranged in the chicken coop, sawdust and bedding are selected for the padding, disinfection treatment is carried out before use, and replacement is carried out 20 days after use.
(2) And (3) chick breeding: selecting 15-20 days old chickens with excellent disease resistance, small size, sensitive reaction, liveliness and healthy, wherein the chickens are Huainan chickens with strong disease resistance, low environmental requirements, strong adaptability and good meat quality; feeding the young chicken with the feed 5 times and feeding the young chicken with water 3 times every day; the young bird breeding feed is a mixture consisting of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of corn, 20 parts of bean cake, 20 parts of carrot, 15 parts of pumpkin, 3 parts of sweet osmanthus powder, 0.8 part of ganoderma powder, 2 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 2 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 2 parts of garlicin and 4 parts of vitamin; the fed water is saline containing EM (effective microorganisms) microbial ecological agents, and the mass ratio of the water to the salt to the EM microbial ecological agents is 100: 3: 0.2;
the preparation method of the young bird breeding feed comprises the following steps:
(21) respectively crushing the corn and the bean cake according to the formula ratio, sieving the crushed corn and the bean cake with a 80-mesh sieve, adding the carrot and the pumpkin according to the formula ratio, steaming the mixture until the mixture is cooked and mashed, and mashing the mixture into paste for later use;
(22) adding water into the sweet osmanthus powder, the lucid ganoderma powder, the baical skullcap root and the eucommia bark according to the formula ratio, decocting in water for 5 hours, filtering, taking the filtrate and filter residues, drying and grinding the filtrate and the filter residues into powder for later use;
(23) and (3) adding the mixture prepared in the step (22) into the mixture prepared in the step (21), adding the allicin and the vitamins in the formula ratio, uniformly stirring, sterilizing, granulating, and drying to obtain the young bird feed, and storing for later use.
(3) Stocking management: the method comprises the following steps of breeding chicks in a chicken house to 40 days old, feeding water to local chickens every morning, and then, scattering the local chickens to stocking areas, wherein the stocking areas are stocked in turn, and the stocking time is 7: 00-17: 00, feeding time is 8: 00. 13: 00 and 16: 00,8: 00, the feed amount accounts for 30 percent of the feed amount in the whole day; put in growth fodder daytime, feed 3 times, 13: 00 percent of feed accounting for 30 percent of feed in the whole day, 16: 00, the feed amount accounts for 40% of the feed amount in the whole day; the local chickens catch insects, seek grass seeds, peck tender grass in the stocking area and return to the henhouse at night; the growth feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of corn, 10 parts of bean pulp, 15 parts of rice bran, 15 parts of vegetable leaves, 1.8 parts of houttuynia cordata, 2 parts of taurine, 10 parts of chitosan, 5 parts of honeysuckle, 10 parts of pseudo-ginseng, 5 parts of osmanthus powder, 1.2 parts of ganoderma lucidum powder and 0.1 part of biological enzyme preparation; the biological enzyme preparation is prepared from cellulase, beer yeast powder, protease agent and amylase agent according to the weight ratio of 1: 2: 0: 8: 3;
the preparation method of the growth feed comprises the following steps:
(31) processing corn, bean pulp and rice bran into puffing raw materials according to a formula ratio by a puffing process;
(32) fully stirring the corn, the soybean meal and the rice bran puffed raw materials prepared in the step (31) with vegetable leaves, houttuynia cordata, taurine and chitosan according to a formula ratio in a stirrer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix;
(33) putting the honeysuckle, the pseudo-ginseng, the sweet osmanthus powder and the lucid ganoderma powder into a sand pot according to the formula ratio, adding 15 times of clean cold water to soak for 20 minutes, then heating and decocting the sand pot, keeping a slightly boiling state with small fire after boiling for 25 minutes, filtering and concentrating to obtain Chinese herbal medicine liquid;
(34) and (3) putting the premix prepared in the step (32) into the Chinese herbal medicine liquid prepared in the step (33), putting the biological enzyme preparation in a formula ratio, fully and uniformly mixing, performing steam curing treatment on the obtained mixture in a granulation production line, and performing granulation treatment to obtain granular growth feed which is stored for later use.
(4) Disease prevention: cleaning and disinfecting chicken houses and breeding places regularly, making good sanitation in the chicken houses, checking the sanitation and ventilation conditions of the chicken houses, observing the feeding and drinking conditions of chicken flocks every day, often checking chicken manure, finding sick chickens to be isolated and treated immediately, prohibiting stocking in rainy and snowy days, making vaccine injection for preventing diseases, and regularly expelling insects.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an ecological breeding method of osmanthus fragrans chickens, which comprises the following steps:
(1) building a chicken farm: selecting a dense forest with flat ground and growing grass as a breeding ground, and dividing the breeding ground into a plurality of stocking areas; planting perennial grass under the forest, and establishing a plurality of henhouses in the positions with high topography and good ventilation and drainage in the middle of the breeding ground; the grass is broadleaf paspalum, bunge corydalis herb, motherwort herb and Ixeris denticulata; the henhouse is 30cm higher than the ground, a feeding trough and a water trough are arranged in the henhouse, and the building area of each henhouse is 80m2400 local chickens in each henhouse are spaced by 10m, and good ventilation is kept; the chicken coop is a net shed type chicken coop, padding is arranged in the chicken coop, sawdust and bedding are selected as the padding, disinfection treatment is carried out before use, and replacement is carried out 20 days after use.
(2) And (3) chick breeding: selecting 15-20 days old chickens with excellent disease resistance, small size, sensitive reaction, liveliness and healthy, wherein the chickens are selected from Xianju chickens or Lingshan chickens with strong disease resistance, low environmental requirements, strong adaptability and good meat quality; feeding the young chicken with the feed 5 times a day and feeding the young chicken with water 2 times a day; the young bird breeding feed is a mixture consisting of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of corn, 30 parts of bean cake, 20 parts of carrot, 120 parts of pumpkin, 4 parts of sweet osmanthus powder, 1 part of lucid ganoderma powder, 1.3 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 1.8 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 1 part of garlicin and 3 parts of vitamin; the fed water is saline containing EM (effective microorganisms) microbial ecological agents, and the mass ratio of the water to the salt to the EM microbial ecological agents is 100: 4: 0.3, the preparation method of the young bird breeding feed comprises the following steps:
(21) respectively crushing the corn and the bean cake according to the formula ratio, sieving the crushed corn and the bean cake with a 100-mesh sieve, adding the carrot and the pumpkin according to the formula ratio, steaming the mixture until the mixture is cooked and mashed, and mashing the mixture into paste for later use;
(22) adding water into the sweet osmanthus powder, the lucid ganoderma powder, the baical skullcap root and the eucommia bark according to the formula ratio, decocting in water for 5 hours, filtering, taking the filtrate and filter residues, drying and grinding the filtrate and the filter residues into powder for later use;
(23) and (3) adding the mixture prepared in the step (22) into the mixture prepared in the step (21), adding the allicin and the vitamins in the formula ratio, uniformly stirring, sterilizing, granulating, and drying to obtain the young bird feed, and storing for later use.
(3) Stocking management: the method comprises the following steps of breeding chicks in a chicken house to 35-40 days old, feeding water to local chickens every morning, and then, scattering the local chickens to stocking areas, wherein the stocking areas are stocked in turn, and the stocking time is 7: 00-17: 00, feeding time is 8: 00. 13: 00 and 16: 00; the local chickens catch insects, seek grass seeds, peck tender grass in the stocking area and return to the henhouse at night; feed for growth is put in the daytime and fed for 23 times, 8: 00 percent of feed accounting for 30 percent of feed in the whole day, 13: 00 percent of feed accounting for 30 percent of feed in the whole day, 16: 00, the feed amount accounts for 40% of the feed amount in the whole day; the growth feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of corn, 13 parts of bean pulp, 20 parts of rice bran, 10 parts of vegetable leaves, 2 parts of houttuynia cordata, 3 parts of taurine, 5 parts of chitosan, 7 parts of honeysuckle, 6 parts of pseudo-ginseng, 5 parts of sweet osmanthus powder, 2 parts of ganoderma lucidum powder and 0.5 part of biological enzyme preparation; the biological enzyme preparation is prepared from cellulase, beer yeast powder, protease agent and amylase agent according to the weight ratio of 1: 3: 1.5: 4, and (b) a mixture of the components.
The preparation method of the growth feed comprises the following steps:
(31) processing corn, bean pulp and rice bran into puffing raw materials according to a formula ratio by a puffing process;
(32) fully stirring the corn, the soybean meal and the rice bran puffed raw materials prepared in the step (31) with vegetable leaves, houttuynia cordata, taurine and chitosan according to a formula ratio in a stirrer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix;
(33) putting the honeysuckle, the pseudo-ginseng, the sweet osmanthus powder and the lucid ganoderma powder into a sand pot according to the formula ratio, adding 15 times of clean cold water to soak for 20 minutes, then heating and decocting the sand pot, keeping a slightly boiling state with small fire after boiling for 25 minutes, filtering and concentrating to obtain Chinese herbal medicine liquid;
(34) and (3) putting the premix prepared in the step (32) into the Chinese herbal medicine liquid prepared in the step (33), putting the biological enzyme preparation in a formula ratio, fully and uniformly mixing, performing steam curing treatment on the obtained mixture in a granulation production line, and performing granulation treatment to obtain granular growth feed which is stored for later use.
(4) Disease prevention: cleaning and disinfecting chicken houses and breeding places regularly, making good sanitation in the chicken houses, checking the sanitation and ventilation conditions of the chicken houses, observing the feeding and drinking conditions of chicken flocks every day, often checking chicken manure, finding sick chickens to be isolated and treated immediately, prohibiting stocking in rainy and snowy days, making vaccine injection for preventing diseases, and regularly expelling insects.
Example 3
The embodiment provides an ecological breeding method of osmanthus fragrans chickens, which comprises the following steps:
(1) building a chicken farm: selecting a dense forest with flat ground and growing grass as a breeding ground, and dividing the breeding ground into a plurality of stocking areas; planting perennial grass under the forest, and establishing a plurality of henhouses in the positions with high topography and good ventilation and drainage in the middle of the breeding ground; the grass is broadleaf paspalum, bunge corydalis herb, motherwort herb and Ixeris denticulata; the henhouse is 30cm higher than the ground, a feeding trough and a water trough are arranged in the henhouse, and the building area of each henhouse is 100m2500 chickens per chicken houseChicken, the interval between adjacent henhouses is 10m, and good ventilation is kept; the chicken coop is a house type chicken coop, padding is arranged in the chicken coop, rice hulls are selected as the padding, disinfection treatment is carried out before use, and replacement is carried out 20 days after use.
(2) And (3) chick breeding: selecting 15-20 days old chickens with excellent disease resistance, small size, sensitive reaction, liveliness and healthy, wherein the chickens are selected from Xianju chickens or Lingshan chickens with strong disease resistance, low environmental requirements, strong adaptability and good meat quality; feeding the young chicken with the feed for 6 times and feeding the young chicken with water for 3 times every day; the young bird breeding feed is a mixture consisting of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of corn, 28 parts of bean cake, 18 parts of carrot, 14 parts of pumpkin, 3 parts of sweet osmanthus powder, 1 part of ganoderma lucidum powder, 3 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 2 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 2 parts of garlicin and 3 parts of vitamin; the fed water is saline containing EM (effective microorganisms) microbial ecological agents, and the mass ratio of the water to the salt to the EM microbial ecological agents is 100: 5: 0.2, the preparation method of the young bird breeding feed comprises the following steps:
(21) respectively crushing the corn and the bean cake according to the formula ratio, sieving the crushed corn and the bean cake with a 80-mesh sieve, adding the carrot and the pumpkin according to the formula ratio, steaming the mixture until the mixture is cooked and mashed, and mashing the mixture into paste for later use;
(22) adding water into the sweet osmanthus powder, the lucid ganoderma powder, the baical skullcap root and the eucommia bark according to the formula ratio, decocting in water for 5 hours, filtering, taking the filtrate and filter residues, drying and grinding the filtrate and the filter residues into powder for later use;
(23) and (3) adding the mixture prepared in the step (22) into the mixture prepared in the step (21), adding the allicin and the vitamins in the formula ratio, uniformly stirring, sterilizing, granulating, and drying to obtain the young bird feed, and storing for later use.
(3) Stocking management: the method comprises the following steps of breeding chicks in a chicken house to 35-40 days old, feeding water to local chickens every morning, and then, scattering the local chickens to stocking areas, wherein the stocking areas are stocked in turn, and the stocking time is 7: 00-17: 00, feeding time is 8: 00. 13: 00 and 16: 00; the local chickens catch insects, seek grass seeds, peck tender grass in the stocking area and return to the henhouse at night; put in growth fodder daytime, feed 3 times, 8: 00 percent of feed accounting for 30 percent of feed in the whole day, 13: 00 percent of feed accounting for 30 percent of feed in the whole day, 16: 00, the feed amount accounts for 40% of the feed amount in the whole day; the growth feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 42 parts of corn, 11 parts of bean pulp, 18 parts of rice bran, 14 parts of vegetable leaves, 2 parts of houttuynia cordata, 3 parts of taurine, 9 parts of chitosan, 7 parts of honeysuckle, 10 parts of pseudo-ginseng, 6 parts of sweet osmanthus powder, 2 parts of ganoderma lucidum powder and 0.3 part of biological enzyme preparation; the biological enzyme preparation is prepared from cellulase, beer yeast powder, protease agent and amylase agent according to the weight ratio of 1: 3: 1.2: 4;
the preparation method of the growth feed comprises the following steps:
(31) processing corn, bean pulp and rice bran into puffing raw materials according to a formula ratio by a puffing process;
(32) fully stirring the corn, the soybean meal and the rice bran puffed raw materials prepared in the step (31) with vegetable leaves, houttuynia cordata, taurine and chitosan according to a formula ratio in a stirrer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix;
(33) putting the honeysuckle, the pseudo-ginseng, the sweet osmanthus powder and the lucid ganoderma powder into a sand pot according to the formula ratio, adding 15 times of clean cold water to soak for 20 minutes, then heating and decocting the sand pot, keeping a slightly boiling state with small fire after boiling for 25 minutes, filtering and concentrating to obtain Chinese herbal medicine liquid;
(34) and (3) putting the premix prepared in the step (32) into the Chinese herbal medicine liquid prepared in the step (33), putting the biological enzyme preparation in a formula ratio, fully and uniformly mixing, performing steam curing treatment on the obtained mixture in a granulation production line, and performing granulation treatment to obtain granular growth feed which is stored for later use.
(4) Disease prevention: cleaning and disinfecting chicken houses and breeding places regularly, making good sanitation in the chicken houses, checking the sanitation and ventilation conditions of the chicken houses, observing the feeding and drinking conditions of chicken flocks every day, often checking chicken manure, finding sick chickens to be isolated and treated immediately, prohibiting stocking in rainy and snowy days, making vaccine injection for preventing diseases, and regularly expelling insects.
The ecological breeding method of the Guihua chicken provided by the invention can obviously improve the immunity and disease resistance of the local chicken, improve the growth function of the local chicken, prevent and treat diseases from the source and further improve the quality of the chicken; the morbidity of the local chicken is reduced by 50.2%, the mortality is reduced by 48.3%, the weight of the local chicken of 1 year old is increased by 18.2%, the average egg weight is increased by 4.8%, the local chicken bred by the method is in good mental state near the sale stage, the meat of the local chicken has the fragrance and components of osmanthus, lucid ganoderma or Chinese herbal medicines, and the local chicken has better nourishing effect on a certain aspect of human body after being eaten by the human body, has better health care value and meets the requirement of green food. . The ecological breeding method of the Guihua chicken has the characteristics of easiness in implementation and popularization, low cost, strong practicability and the like, is convenient to implement, time-saving and labor-saving, is convenient to manage, has obvious effect, and is favorable for expanding the breeding scale of the Dangdu chicken and increasing the market popularization.
In addition, the ecological breeding method of the sweet osmanthus chickens, provided by the invention, combines captive breeding in chicken houses and outdoor free-ranging breeding, and puts the local chickens into different breeding areas for alternative breeding, so that natural foods such as big and high-quality green grass, leaves, insects and the like can be provided for the local chickens, the product safety and the nutritional flavor of eggs and meat are guaranteed, the use of grains and feed is reduced, the outdoor free-ranging breeding enables chicken flocks to grow and develop in a natural environment with fresh air, excellent water quality and sufficient forage, the immunity of the chicken flocks is increased, and the breeding cost is saved; secondly, the number of field pests is reduced due to foraging of local chickens, growth of vegetation and fruit trees is promoted, more wood, green grass and fruits can be provided, and agricultural products are environment-friendly and green due to no use of pesticides; finally, the excrement and urine of the chicken can provide nutrient components for vegetation and fruit trees, play a role in fertilizing fields and forests and replace the application of chemical fertilizers.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Any equivalent modifications and substitutions to those skilled in the art are also within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, equivalent changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ecological breeding method of osmanthus fragrans chickens is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) building a chicken farm: selecting a dense forest with flat ground and growing grass as a breeding ground, and dividing the breeding ground into a plurality of stocking areas; planting perennial grass under the forest, and establishing a plurality of henhouses in the positions with high topography and good ventilation and drainage in the middle of the breeding ground;
(2) and (3) chick breeding: selecting 15-20 days old chicks with good disease resistance, small size, sensitive response, liveliness and healthy, feeding the chicks with the feed 5-7 times a day and feeding the chicks with water 2-3 times; the young bird breeding feed is a mixture consisting of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of corn, 10-30 parts of bean cake, 15-20 parts of carrot, 10-20 parts of pumpkin, 3-4 parts of sweet osmanthus powder, 0.5-1 part of lucid ganoderma powder, 1-3 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 1-3 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 1-2 parts of garlicin and 2-4 parts of vitamin;
(3) stocking management: breeding chicks in a chicken house to 35-40 days old, feeding water to local chickens every morning, then scattering the local chickens to stocking areas, stocking the local chickens in turn in the stocking areas, capturing insects, seeking grass seeds, pecking tender grass in the stocking areas, and returning the local chickens to the chicken house at night; feeding growth feed for 2-3 times in the daytime, wherein the growth feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-45 parts of corn, 5-13 parts of soybean meal, 15-20 parts of rice bran, 10-15 parts of vegetable leaves, 1-2 parts of houttuynia cordata, 1-3 parts of taurine, 5-10 parts of chitosan, 3-7 parts of honeysuckle, 6-10 parts of pseudo-ginseng, 5-6 parts of sweet osmanthus powder, 1-2 parts of ganoderma lucidum powder and 0.1-0.5 part of biological enzyme preparation;
(4) disease prevention: cleaning and disinfecting chicken houses and breeding places regularly, making good sanitation in the chicken houses, checking the sanitation and ventilation conditions of the chicken houses, observing the feeding and drinking conditions of chicken flocks every day, often checking chicken manure, finding sick chickens to be isolated and treated immediately, prohibiting stocking in rainy and snowy days, making vaccine injection for preventing diseases, and regularly expelling insects.
2. The ecological breeding method of osmanthus fragrans chickens according to claim 1, wherein the grass in step (1) is at least three of paspalum broadsheet, paspalum, pennisetum hybridum, kudzu, bermuda grass, clover, bunge corydalis herb, leonurus and ixeris sonchifolia.
3. The ecological breeding method of osmanthus chickens according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the henhouse is 30cm higher than the ground, a feeding trough and a water trough are arranged in the henhouse, and the building area of each henhouse is not more than 100m2400-500 local chickens in each henhouse are spaced at least 10m apart from each other, and good ventilation is kept.
4. The ecological breeding method of osmanthus chickens according to claim 1, wherein the chicks in the step (2) are selected from jungle fowl or Lingshan chicken with strong disease resistance, low environmental requirement, strong adaptability and good meat quality.
5. The ecological breeding method of osmanthus fragrans chickens according to claim 1, wherein the water fed in the step (2) is saline water containing EM (effective microorganisms) microbial ecological agents, and the mass ratio of the water, the salt and the EM microbial ecological agents is 100: (3-5): (0.1-0.3).
6. The ecological breeding method of osmanthus chickens according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the young chicken feed in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(21) respectively crushing the corn and the bean cake according to the formula ratio, sieving the crushed corn and the bean cake with a 50-100-mesh sieve, adding the carrot and the pumpkin according to the formula ratio, steaming the mixture until the mixture is cooked and mashed, and mashing the mixture into paste for later use;
(22) adding water into the sweet osmanthus powder, the lucid ganoderma powder, the baical skullcap root and the eucommia bark according to the formula ratio, decocting in water for 4-5 hours, filtering, taking the filtrate and filter residue, drying and grinding into powder for later use;
(23) and (3) adding the mixture prepared in the step (22) into the mixture prepared in the step (21), adding the allicin and the vitamins in the formula ratio, uniformly stirring, sterilizing, granulating, and drying to obtain the young bird feed, and storing for later use.
7. The ecological breeding method of osmanthus fragrans chickens according to claim 1, wherein the stocking time in the step (3) is 7: 00-17: 00, feeding time is 8: 00. 13: 00 and 16: 00,8: 00 percent of feed accounting for 30 percent of feed in the whole day, 13: 00 percent of feed accounting for 30 percent of feed in the whole day, 16: the feeding amount of 00 accounts for 40 percent of the feed amount of the whole day.
8. The ecological breeding method of osmanthus chickens according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the growth feed in the step (3) comprises the following steps:
(31) processing corn, bean pulp and rice bran into puffing raw materials according to a formula ratio by a puffing process;
(32) fully stirring the corn, the soybean meal and the rice bran puffed raw materials prepared in the step (31) with vegetable leaves, houttuynia cordata, taurine and chitosan according to a formula ratio in a stirrer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix;
(33) putting the honeysuckle, the pseudo-ginseng, the sweet osmanthus powder and the lucid ganoderma powder into a sand pot according to the formula ratio, adding 15 times of clean cold water to soak for 20 minutes, then heating and decocting the sand pot, keeping a slightly boiling state with small fire after boiling for 25 minutes, filtering and concentrating to obtain Chinese herbal medicine liquid;
(34) and (3) putting the premix prepared in the step (32) into the Chinese herbal medicine liquid prepared in the step (33), putting the biological enzyme preparation in a formula ratio, fully and uniformly mixing, performing steam curing treatment on the obtained mixture in a granulation production line, and performing granulation treatment to obtain granular growth feed which is stored for later use.
9. The ecological breeding method of osmanthus fragrans chickens according to claim 1, wherein the biological enzyme preparation in the step (3) is prepared from cellulase, beer yeast powder, protease agent and amylase agent according to a weight ratio of 1: (2-3): (0.5-1.5): (3-5).
10. The ecological breeding method of osmanthus fragrans chickens according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the henhouse is a house type henhouse or a net shed type henhouse, padding is arranged in the henhouse, the padding is selected from one or more of sawdust, bedding grass and rice hulls, and is sterilized before use and replaced once after 15-20 days.
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