CN111594862B - A flue gas waste heat recovery evaluation system and method - Google Patents
A flue gas waste heat recovery evaluation system and method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 160
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 129
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 101100012902 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) FIG2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
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- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
- F28F27/02—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
本申请公开一种烟气余热回收评价系统及方法，评价系统包括：取热腔、循环水槽、抽气泵、测量仪表和控制仪表；取热腔为烟气流通通道，取热腔的进气口连通烟气排放源烟道、出气口通过风管连通所述抽气泵，取热腔内设置取热器；循环水槽内设置加热器和取热液泵，取热液泵的入口与循环水槽内连通、出口通过取热器进液管路与所述取热器的取热液进口连通，取热器的取热液出口通过取热液出液管路接入所述循环水槽内。本申请可针对高温尾气余热回收过程的酸露点、取热器积灰性能、取热器换热效率及取热器阻力进行系统评价，并在此基础上确定烟气余热回收过程取热量、取热器形式、取热液流速、烟气流速等关键参数的最佳设计值。
The present application discloses a flue gas waste heat recovery evaluation system and method, the evaluation system includes: a heat extraction chamber, a circulating water tank, an exhaust pump, a measuring instrument and a control instrument; the heat extraction chamber is a flue gas circulation channel, the air inlet of the heat extraction chamber is connected to the flue of the flue gas emission source, the air outlet is connected to the exhaust pump through the air duct, and a heat extractor is arranged in the heat extraction chamber; a heater and a heat extraction liquid pump are arranged in the circulating water tank, the inlet of the heat extraction liquid pump is connected to the circulating water tank, and the outlet is connected to the heat extraction liquid inlet of the heat extractor through the heat extraction liquid inlet pipeline, and the heat extraction liquid outlet of the heat extractor is connected to the circulating water tank through the heat extraction liquid outlet pipeline. The present application can systematically evaluate the acid dew point, heat extraction ash accumulation performance, heat extraction heat exchange efficiency and heat extraction resistance of the high-temperature tail gas waste heat recovery process, and on this basis determine the optimal design values of key parameters such as heat extraction, heat extraction form, heat extraction liquid flow rate, flue gas flow rate, etc. in the flue gas waste heat recovery process.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本申请涉及新能源与节能领域，具体涉及一种烟气余热回收评价系统及方法。The present application relates to the field of new energy and energy conservation, and specifically to a flue gas waste heat recovery evaluation system and method.
背景技术Background Art
煤炭作为我国最主要的一次能源，在能源消费结构中占主导地位。近年来，我国煤炭消耗量占一次能源消耗总量70％以上，且以工业、电力燃煤为主，占煤炭总消费比超过90％，民用燃煤为辅。在工业、电力燃煤发电过程中，通过煤炭燃烧释放出的热量加热锅炉内的水生成水蒸气推动汽轮机发电或直接对外提供蒸汽热源。大量的燃煤消耗不经快速消耗有限的煤炭资源，还会在煤炭燃烧过程中产生大量CO2、SOx、NOx和粉尘等污染物排放，因此如何提高煤炭燃烧过程释放热量的利用效率，是降低煤炭消耗量及污染物排放量最为有效的措施。As the most important primary energy source in China, coal occupies a dominant position in the energy consumption structure. In recent years, China's coal consumption accounts for more than 70% of the total primary energy consumption, and is mainly industrial and electric power coal-fired, accounting for more than 90% of the total coal consumption, supplemented by civil coal-fired. In the process of industrial and electric power coal-fired power generation, the heat released by coal combustion heats the water in the boiler to generate steam to drive the steam turbine to generate electricity or directly provide steam heat source to the outside. Large-scale coal consumption will not only quickly consume limited coal resources, but also produce a large amount of pollutants such as CO2 , SOx, NOx and dust during coal combustion. Therefore, how to improve the utilization efficiency of heat released during coal combustion is the most effective measure to reduce coal consumption and pollutant emissions.
煤炭燃烧产生的热量去向主要包括三部分，一部分热量被有效利用作为热源用于加热工业及电站锅炉中热水并产生蒸汽；一部分热量随烟气排放进入环境空气中；还有一部分热量由工业及电站锅炉系统通过热辐射散失进入环境空气。其中被用于锅炉加热的热量为有效热量，占燃烧热量的大部分，排入环境空气中的热量为热损失。随着技术的不断进步，目前大型电站锅炉的热效率已经达到80％以上，而锅炉排烟热损失占全部热损失的一半以上，因此，锅炉烟气蕴藏着巨大的余热资源。燃煤锅炉空预器后的排烟温度一般在120～140℃，循环流化床锅炉的排烟温度可以超过150℃。研究表明，燃煤锅炉排烟温度每降低20℃，锅炉效率可以提高1％，相应地可以降低煤耗约1g/(kW/h)，按2010年全年火电发电量3.3万亿kW/h估算，可节约煤炭3.30×106t，同时可降低环境热污染，减少CO2、SOx和NOx和粉尘等污染物排放。The heat generated by coal combustion mainly goes to three parts. One part of the heat is effectively used as a heat source to heat hot water in industrial and power station boilers and generate steam; one part of the heat is discharged into the ambient air with flue gas; and another part of the heat is dissipated into the ambient air by thermal radiation from industrial and power station boiler systems. The heat used for boiler heating is effective heat, accounting for most of the combustion heat, and the heat discharged into the ambient air is heat loss. With the continuous advancement of technology, the thermal efficiency of large power station boilers has reached more than 80%, and the heat loss of boiler exhaust accounts for more than half of the total heat loss. Therefore, boiler flue gas contains huge waste heat resources. The exhaust temperature after the air preheater of a coal-fired boiler is generally 120-140°C, and the exhaust temperature of a circulating fluidized bed boiler can exceed 150°C. Studies have shown that for every 20°C reduction in the exhaust gas temperature of a coal-fired boiler, the boiler efficiency can be increased by 1%, and the coal consumption can be reduced by about 1g/(kW/h). Based on the annual thermal power generation of 3.3 trillion kW/h in 2010, 3.30×10 6 t of coal can be saved. At the same time, environmental thermal pollution can be reduced, and emissions of pollutants such as CO 2 , SO x , NO x and dust can be reduced.
金属翅片管换热器具有阻力小、换热面积大、换热效率高的特点，可对锅炉排放尾气取得较好的换热效果。然而，锅炉尾部烟气中含有硫氧化物和大量水蒸气，在对锅炉排放尾气进行换热降温过程中，烟气中的硫氧化物和水蒸气容易凝结成硫酸雾细小雾滴，进而腐蚀换热器(锅炉排放尾气在冷接降温过程中，刚好出现水蒸气与硫氧化物凝结的温度临界点为锅炉尾气的酸露点)，影响换热器的正常稳定运行。Metal finned tube heat exchangers have the characteristics of low resistance, large heat exchange area, and high heat exchange efficiency, and can achieve good heat exchange effects for boiler exhaust gas. However, the flue gas at the tail of the boiler contains sulfur oxides and a large amount of water vapor. During the heat exchange and cooling process of the boiler exhaust gas, the sulfur oxides and water vapor in the flue gas are easily condensed into fine droplets of sulfuric acid mist, which then corrodes the heat exchanger (during the cold connection and cooling process of the boiler exhaust gas, the critical temperature point where water vapor and sulfur oxides condense is the acid dew point of the boiler exhaust gas), affecting the normal and stable operation of the heat exchanger.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本申请提供一种烟气余热回收评价系统及方法，可针对高温尾气余热回收过程的酸露点、取热器积灰性能、取热器换热效率及取热器阻力进行系统评价，并在此基础上确定烟气余热回收过程取热量、取热器形式、取热液流速、烟气流速等关键参数的最佳设计值，为烟气余热回收过程提供技术支撑。The present application provides a flue gas waste heat recovery evaluation system and method, which can systematically evaluate the acid dew point, heat collector ash accumulation performance, heat exchange efficiency and heat collector resistance of the high-temperature exhaust gas waste heat recovery process, and on this basis determine the optimal design values of key parameters such as heat extraction, heat collector form, heat extraction liquid flow rate, flue gas flow rate, etc. in the flue gas waste heat recovery process, providing technical support for the flue gas waste heat recovery process.
一种烟气余热回收评价系统，包括：取热腔、循环水槽、抽气泵、测量仪表和控制仪表；A flue gas waste heat recovery evaluation system includes: a heat extraction chamber, a circulating water tank, an air extraction pump, a measuring instrument and a control instrument;
所述取热腔为烟气流通通道，取热腔的进气口连通烟气排放源烟道、出气口通过风管连通所述抽气泵，取热腔内设置取热器；The heat extraction chamber is a flue gas flow channel, the air inlet of the heat extraction chamber is connected to the flue gas emission source, the air outlet is connected to the exhaust pump through the air duct, and a heat extractor is arranged in the heat extraction chamber;
所述循环水槽内设置加热器和取热液泵，所述取热液泵的入口与循环水槽内连通、出口通过取热器进液管路与所述取热器的取热液进口连通，所述取热器的取热液出口通过取热液出液管路接入所述循环水槽内；A heater and a heat extraction liquid pump are arranged in the circulating water tank, the inlet of the heat extraction liquid pump is connected to the circulating water tank, the outlet of the heat extraction liquid pump is connected to the heat extraction liquid inlet of the heat extraction device through the heat extraction liquid inlet pipeline, and the heat extraction liquid outlet of the heat extraction device is connected to the circulating water tank through the heat extraction liquid outlet pipeline;
所述测量仪表包括：The measuring instrument comprises:
设于所述取热腔内的皮托管、入口温度计、入口压力计、入口湿度计、出口温度计、出口压力计和出口湿度计；A Pitot tube, an inlet thermometer, an inlet pressure gauge, an inlet hygrometer, an outlet thermometer, an outlet pressure gauge and an outlet hygrometer arranged in the heat extraction chamber;
设于所述取热液出液管路上的取热液出口温度计；A heat extraction liquid outlet thermometer provided on the heat extraction liquid outlet pipeline;
与所述皮托管连接的差压变送器和气速显示仪，所述皮托管、差压变送器、气速显示仪依次连接；A differential pressure transmitter and an air velocity display connected to the Pitot tube, wherein the Pitot tube, the differential pressure transmitter and the air velocity display are connected in sequence;
与所述入口温度计连接的入口温度显示仪；an inlet temperature display connected to the inlet thermometer;
与所述入口湿度计连接的入口湿度显示仪；an inlet humidity display connected to the inlet hygrometer;
与所述出口温度计连接的出口温度显示仪；An outlet temperature display connected to the outlet thermometer;
与所述出口湿度计连接的出口湿度显示仪；An outlet humidity display connected to the outlet hygrometer;
与所述入口压力计和出口压力计连接的差压显示仪；A differential pressure display connected to the inlet pressure gauge and the outlet pressure gauge;
以及与所述取热液出口温度计连接的取热液出口温度显示仪；and a heat extraction liquid outlet temperature display device connected to the heat extraction liquid outlet thermometer;
所述控制仪表包括所述抽气泵的变频器和与所述加热器连接的温控仪。The control instrument comprises a frequency converter of the vacuum pump and a temperature controller connected to the heater.
以下还提供了若干可选方式，但并不作为对上述总体方案的额外限定，仅仅是进一步的增补或优选，在没有技术或逻辑矛盾的前提下，各可选方式可单独针对上述总体方案进行组合，还可以是多个可选方式之间进行组合。Several optional methods are also provided below, but they are not intended to be additional limitations on the above-mentioned overall solution, but are merely further supplements or preferences. Under the premise that there are no technical or logical contradictions, each optional method can be combined with the above-mentioned overall solution separately, and multiple optional methods can also be combined.
可选的，所述皮托管设于所述取热器的上游；所述入口温度计、入口压力计和入口湿度计设于垂直于取热腔内烟气流向的同一截面上且位于所述取热器上游；所述出口温度计、出口压力计和出口湿度计设于垂直于取热腔内烟气流向的的同一截面上且位于所述取热器的下游。Optionally, the Pitot tube is arranged upstream of the heat exchanger; the inlet thermometer, inlet pressure gauge and inlet hygrometer are arranged on the same section perpendicular to the flue gas flow direction in the heat exchange chamber and are located upstream of the heat exchanger; the outlet thermometer, outlet pressure gauge and outlet hygrometer are arranged on the same section perpendicular to the flue gas flow direction in the heat exchange chamber and are located downstream of the heat exchanger.
可选的，所述取热腔为内部中空的透明长方体结构，所述透明长方体结构的其中一侧设置连接烟气排放源烟道的进气口、与进气口相对的一侧设置连接抽气泵的出气口；所述进气口处设置整流器。Optionally, the heat extraction chamber is a transparent rectangular structure with a hollow interior, an air inlet connected to the flue of a smoke emission source is arranged on one side of the transparent rectangular structure, and an air outlet connected to an exhaust pump is arranged on the side opposite to the air inlet; a rectifier is arranged at the air inlet.
可选的，连接取热液泵与取热器的取热液进口的管路上设置取热液流量计和取热液流量调节阀。可选的，所述取热器为单根金属翅片管；所述取热器安装于取热腔的中间部分且以金属翅片管的轴线垂直于烟气流向布满取热腔的横截面。Optionally, a heat extraction liquid flow meter and a heat extraction liquid flow regulating valve are provided on the pipeline connecting the heat extraction liquid pump and the heat extraction liquid inlet of the heat extraction device. Optionally, the heat extraction device is a single metal fin tube; the heat extraction device is installed in the middle part of the heat extraction chamber and the axis of the metal fin tube is perpendicular to the flue gas flow direction and covers the cross section of the heat extraction chamber.
可选的，所述金属翅片管的管内为双层套管结构，内层套管一端开口作为取热液进口并通过取热器进液管路与取热泵出液口连通，内层套管另一端为敞开结构并与两层套管之间的腔体连通；外层套管两段均为封闭结构，在靠近取热液进口端的外壁上设有取热液出口，取热液出口与两层套管之间的腔体连通并通过取热液出液管路与循环水槽连通。Optionally, the metal fin tube has a double-layer casing structure inside, one end of the inner casing is open as the heat liquid inlet and is connected to the heat pump outlet through the heat exchanger liquid inlet pipeline, the other end of the inner casing is an open structure and is connected to the cavity between the two casings; both sections of the outer casing are closed structures, and a heat liquid outlet is provided on the outer wall near the heat liquid inlet end, the heat liquid outlet is connected to the cavity between the two casings and is connected to the circulating water tank through the heat liquid outlet pipeline.
内外层套管结构的换热器可增强取热液流速、提高换热效率提高，另外可保证进出水口的温度更均匀，均匀换热。The heat exchanger with inner and outer layer shell and tube structure can enhance the flow rate of heat extraction liquid and improve the heat exchange efficiency. In addition, it can ensure that the temperature of the inlet and outlet is more uniform and the heat exchange is uniform.
可选的，所述外层套管位于第一取热液通道与第二取热液通道连通处的一端端口直接封闭，另一端的端口熔封于内层套管的外壁上。Optionally, one end of the outer sleeve located at the connection between the first heat-extracting liquid channel and the second heat-extracting liquid channel is directly sealed, and the other end of the port is melt-sealed on the outer wall of the inner sleeve.
可选的，所述金属翅片管的翅片垂直于外层套管的轴线且布满外层套管的外表面。Optionally, the fins of the metal fin tube are perpendicular to the axis of the outer sleeve and cover the outer surface of the outer sleeve.
可选的，位于内层套管腔体与两层套管之间腔体连通一端的外层套管的外端面上设置用于与取热腔连接的固定卡扣。与之相适应的，取热腔内壁上设置固定卡槽。Optionally, a fixing buckle for connecting with the heat extraction cavity is provided on the outer end surface of the outer sleeve located at one end of the inner sleeve cavity communicating with the cavity between the two sleeves. Accordingly, a fixing groove is provided on the inner wall of the heat extraction cavity.
可选的，位于内层套管腔体与两层套管之间腔体连通一端的外层套管的内端面上设置取热液导流环。导流环用于强化取热液流动并降低取热液在两层套管之间的流动阻力。Optionally, a heat extraction liquid guide ring is provided on the inner end surface of the outer sleeve located at one end of the inner sleeve cavity communicating with the cavity between the two sleeves. The guide ring is used to strengthen the flow of the heat extraction liquid and reduce the flow resistance of the heat extraction liquid between the two sleeves.
可选的，为了减少污染，所述抽气泵出口可通过出口烟气管道接入排放源烟道中。Optionally, in order to reduce pollution, the vacuum pump outlet can be connected to the emission source flue through an outlet flue gas pipe.
本申请还提供一种烟气余热回收评价方法，利用本申请的评价系统完成，包括：The present application also provides a flue gas waste heat recovery evaluation method, which is completed using the evaluation system of the present application, including:
(1)连接烟气余热回收评价系统，接入电源，打开取热液进液阀向循环水槽注入循环液，开启加热器通过温控仪将取热液加热至设定温度并保持稳定；(采用高沸点取热液时将取热液加热至与烟气温度一致，采用水作为取热液时，将循环水加热至接近沸点)；(1) Connect the flue gas waste heat recovery evaluation system, connect the power supply, open the hot liquid inlet valve to inject the circulating liquid into the circulating water tank, turn on the heater to heat the hot liquid to the set temperature through the temperature controller and keep it stable; (when using a high boiling point hot liquid, heat the hot liquid to the same temperature as the flue gas; when using water as the hot liquid, heat the circulating water to a temperature close to the boiling point);
(2)打开位于高温尾气排放源烟道上的进气阀门，启动抽气泵并通过变频器设定抽气泵工作频率，将排放源烟道中的高温烟气引入余热回收评价系统，在抽气泵的作用下，高温烟气依次经过取热腔、烟气管道并经抽气泵排出；(2) Open the air inlet valve on the flue of the high-temperature exhaust gas emission source, start the vacuum pump, and set the working frequency of the vacuum pump through the frequency converter to introduce the high-temperature flue gas in the flue of the emission source into the waste heat recovery evaluation system. Under the action of the vacuum pump, the high-temperature flue gas passes through the heat extraction chamber and the flue gas pipeline in sequence and is discharged through the vacuum pump;
(3)根据检测仪表数据显示结果，通过控制仪表调整设备运行工况，进行如下至少一种余热回收工艺评价：(3) Based on the results displayed by the detection instrument data, the equipment operating conditions are adjusted through the control instrument to conduct at least one of the following waste heat recovery process evaluations:
(a)高温尾气酸露点评价：待烟气余热回收评价系统各检测仪表所测试的参数稳定后逐步调整温控仪，降低循环水槽中取热液温度，待气速显示仪、进口温度显示仪、进口湿度显示仪、出口温度显示仪、出口湿度显示仪和压差显示仪参数稳定后记录测试数据，并观察取热器下游烟气硫酸雾出现情况，若烟气没有达到酸露点则继续通过温控仪降低循环水槽中取热液温度，直至酸度点出现并记录被测试烟气的酸露点温度；(a) Evaluation of acid dew point of high-temperature tail gas: After the parameters tested by the various detection instruments of the flue gas waste heat recovery evaluation system are stable, gradually adjust the temperature controller to reduce the temperature of the hot liquid in the circulating water tank. After the parameters of the gas velocity display, inlet temperature display, inlet humidity display, outlet temperature display, outlet humidity display and pressure difference display are stable, record the test data and observe the appearance of sulfuric acid mist in the flue gas downstream of the heat collector. If the flue gas does not reach the acid dew point, continue to reduce the temperature of the hot liquid in the circulating water tank through the temperature controller until the acid point appears and record the acid dew point temperature of the tested flue gas;
(b)取热器积灰性能评价：待烟气余热回收评价系统各参数稳定后逐步调整温控仪，降低循环水槽中取热液温度，待各气速显示仪、进口温度显示仪、进口湿度显示仪、出口温度显示仪、出口湿度显示仪和压差显示仪参数稳定后记录测试数据，并观察取热器表面积灰情况，若烟气没有积灰现象则继续通过温控仪降低循环水槽中取热液温度，直至积灰现象出现并记录取热器下游烟气温度；(b) Evaluation of heat exchanger dust accumulation performance: After the parameters of the flue gas waste heat recovery evaluation system are stable, gradually adjust the temperature controller to reduce the temperature of the hot liquid in the circulating water tank. After the parameters of the gas velocity display, inlet temperature display, inlet humidity display, outlet temperature display, outlet humidity display and pressure difference display are stable, record the test data and observe the dust accumulation on the surface of the heat exchanger. If there is no dust accumulation in the flue gas, continue to reduce the temperature of the hot liquid in the circulating water tank through the temperature controller until dust accumulation occurs and record the flue gas temperature downstream of the heat exchanger.
(c)取热器换热性能评价：控制取热器进液管路上的阀门，调整取热器内取热液的流量，待烟气余热回收评价系统气速显示仪、进口温度显示仪、进口湿度显示仪、出口温度显示仪、出口湿度显示仪和压差显示仪参数稳定，记录取热器前后的烟气温度，继续下一个不同流量的测试；通过测试不同取热液流量换热效果，评价换热器的换热性能，确定最佳的取热液温度和流量；(c) Evaluation of heat exchange performance of heat exchanger: Control the valve on the heat exchanger inlet pipeline, adjust the flow rate of heat extraction liquid in the heat exchanger, wait for the parameters of the flue gas waste heat recovery evaluation system gas velocity display, inlet temperature display, inlet humidity display, outlet temperature display, outlet humidity display and pressure difference display to be stable, record the flue gas temperature before and after the heat exchanger, and continue the next test with different flow rates; by testing the heat exchange effect of different heat extraction liquid flow rates, evaluate the heat exchange performance of the heat exchanger and determine the optimal heat extraction liquid temperature and flow rate;
(d)取热器阻力评价：控制抽气泵的变频器频率，调整取热腔内高温烟气的流量，待烟气余热回收评价系统气速显示仪、进口温度显示仪、进口湿度显示仪、出口温度显示仪、出口湿度显示仪和压差显示仪参数稳定，记录取热器前后的压力差，继续下一个不同流量的测试；通过测试不同烟气流速下取热器的压力差，确定最佳的烟气流速。(d) Heat exchanger resistance evaluation: Control the frequency of the inverter of the vacuum pump, adjust the flow rate of the high-temperature flue gas in the heat collection chamber, wait for the parameters of the flue gas waste heat recovery evaluation system gas velocity display, inlet temperature display, inlet humidity display, outlet temperature display, outlet humidity display and pressure difference display to stabilize, record the pressure difference before and after the heat exchanger, and continue to the next test with different flow rates; determine the optimal flue gas flow rate by testing the pressure difference of the heat exchanger under different flue gas flow rates.
与现有技术相比，本申请至少具有如下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, this application has at least the following beneficial effects:
(1)本申请提供了一种锅炉尾气余热回收前快速测定烟气酸露点温度的测试系统，通过调整换热器内换热液的流量及温度，逐步降低换热器后的烟气温度直至酸露点温度出现，可快速测出锅炉尾气的酸度点温度，确定在保证换热器长周期稳定运行前提下的最大换热量，评价换热方案的可行性和经济性；(1) The present application provides a test system for quickly measuring the acid dew point temperature of flue gas before the waste heat recovery of boiler exhaust gas. By adjusting the flow rate and temperature of the heat exchange liquid in the heat exchanger, the flue gas temperature after the heat exchanger is gradually reduced until the acid dew point temperature appears. The acid point temperature of the boiler exhaust gas can be quickly measured, and the maximum heat exchange capacity under the premise of ensuring the long-term stable operation of the heat exchanger can be determined, and the feasibility and economy of the heat exchange scheme can be evaluated;
(2)本发明提供了一种锅炉尾气中颗粒物在换热器表面粘附堆积性能的评价系统，通过调整换热器换热过程的烟气流速、烟气温度、换热液流量及换热液温度，验证不同工艺参数下换热器表面的机会性能，可为尾气余热回收过程防止换热器表面积灰提供工艺参数支撑，降低换热器堵塞风险；(2) The present invention provides an evaluation system for the adhesion and accumulation performance of particulate matter in boiler exhaust gas on the surface of a heat exchanger. By adjusting the flue gas flow rate, flue gas temperature, heat exchange liquid flow rate and heat exchange liquid temperature during the heat exchange process of the heat exchanger, the opportunity performance of the heat exchanger surface under different process parameters is verified. This can provide process parameter support for preventing dust accumulation on the heat exchanger surface during the exhaust waste heat recovery process, thereby reducing the risk of heat exchanger blockage.
(3)本发明提供了一种换热器换热效率的评价系统，通过调节烟气流速、烟气温度、换热液流量及换热液温度，测试换热器下游烟气的温、湿度及换热器进出口换热液温度，评价不同换热器的换热效率，为锅炉尾气余热回收工程中换热器的选型和设计提供支撑。(3) The present invention provides a heat exchanger heat transfer efficiency evaluation system. By adjusting the flue gas flow rate, flue gas temperature, heat exchange fluid flow rate and heat exchange fluid temperature, the temperature and humidity of the flue gas downstream of the heat exchanger and the heat exchange fluid temperature at the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger are tested to evaluate the heat exchange efficiency of different heat exchangers, thereby providing support for the selection and design of heat exchangers in boiler exhaust waste heat recovery projects.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本申请烟气余热回收评价系统的结构示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flue gas waste heat recovery evaluation system of the present application;
图2为图1中取热器的结构以及取热器与取热腔之间的配合示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the heat exchanger in FIG. 1 and the coordination between the heat exchanger and the heat extraction chamber.
图中所示附图标记如下：The reference numerals shown in the figures are as follows:
1-取热腔 2-整流器 3-皮托管1-heat chamber 2-rectifier 3-pitot tube
4-压差变送器 5-气速显示仪 6-入口温度计4-Differential pressure transmitter 5-Gas velocity display 6-Inlet temperature meter
7-入口湿度计 8-入口压力计 9-取热器7-Inlet hygrometer 8-Inlet pressure gauge 9-Heat extractor
10-出口温度计 11-出口湿度计 12-出口压力计10-Outlet thermometer 11-Outlet hygrometer 12-Outlet pressure gauge
13-抽气泵 14-变频器 15-循环水槽13-Vacuum pump 14-Inverter 15-Circulating water tank
16-取热液泵 17-加热器 18-温控仪16-hot liquid pump 17-heater 18-temperature controller
19-取热液进液管 20-取热液进液阀 21-取热器进液管路19-hot liquid inlet pipe 20-hot liquid inlet valve 21-heater inlet pipeline
22-取热液流量计 23-取热液流量调节阀 24-取热器出液管路22-heat liquid flow meter 23-heat liquid flow regulating valve 24-heat collector outlet pipeline
25-取热液出口温度计 26-进口温度显示仪 27-进口湿度显示仪25-hot liquid outlet thermometer 26-inlet temperature display 27-inlet humidity display
28-出口温度显示仪 29-出水湿度显示仪 30-压差显示仪28-Outlet temperature display 29-Outlet water humidity display 30-Differential pressure display
31-取热液出口温度显示仪 32-烟气排放源烟道31-Thermal fluid outlet temperature display instrument 32-Flue gas emission source flue
91-内层套管 92-外层套管 93-翅片91-Inner casing 92-Outer casing 93-Fin
94-内层套管腔体 95-两层套管之间的腔体 96-取热液进口94-Inner casing cavity 95-Cavity between two casings 96-Hot liquid inlet
97-取热液出口 98-取热液导流环 99-固定卡扣97-hot liquid outlet 98-hot liquid guide ring 99-fixing buckle
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.
为了更好地描述和说明本申请的实施例，可参考一幅或多幅附图，但用于描述附图的附加细节或示例不应当被认为是对本申请的发明创造、目前所描述的实施例或优选方式中任何一者的范围的限制。In order to better describe and illustrate the embodiments of the present application, reference may be made to one or more drawings, but the additional details or examples used to describe the drawings should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention of the present application, any of the currently described embodiments or preferred methods.
需要说明的是，当组件被称为与另一个组件“连接”时，它可以直接与另一个组件连接或者也可以存在居中的组件。当一个组件被认为是“设置于”另一个组件，它可以是直接设置在另一个组件上或者可能同时存在居中组件。It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "connected" to another component, it may be directly connected to the other component or there may be a central component. When a component is referred to as being "disposed on" another component, it may be directly disposed on the other component or there may be a central component at the same time.
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请。Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application.
采用换热降温对锅炉排放尾气排放余热进行回收利用时，尾气的余热回收量取决于排烟温度和锅炉尾气的酸露点温度，两者温度差为尾气的最大换热温差。受煤质、锅炉类型及燃烧参数的影响，不同锅炉排放尾气中硫氧化物和水蒸气的含量均不同，造成不同锅炉尾气的酸露点存在较大差异。因此，在对锅炉尾气进行余热回收前，通过对锅炉尾气酸露点进行测试及评价，确定不同锅炉尾气的实际酸露点，并用于指导锅炉尾气余热回收量及烟气温度降温幅度的设计，是保证锅炉排放尾气余热回收效率及余热回收装置长期稳定运行的关键所在。本申请提供的烟气余热回收评价系统可有效解决以上问题，具体实施方案如下：When heat exchange and cooling are used to recycle the waste heat from boiler exhaust gas, the amount of waste heat recovered from the exhaust gas depends on the flue gas temperature and the acid dew point temperature of the boiler exhaust gas, and the temperature difference between the two is the maximum heat exchange temperature difference of the exhaust gas. Affected by coal quality, boiler type and combustion parameters, the content of sulfur oxides and water vapor in the exhaust gas emitted by different boilers is different, resulting in large differences in the acid dew point of exhaust gases from different boilers. Therefore, before recovering the waste heat from the boiler exhaust gas, the acid dew point of the boiler exhaust gas is tested and evaluated to determine the actual acid dew point of the exhaust gas from different boilers. This is used to guide the design of the amount of waste heat recovery from the boiler exhaust gas and the range of flue gas temperature reduction, which is the key to ensuring the waste heat recovery efficiency of the boiler exhaust gas and the long-term stable operation of the waste heat recovery device. The flue gas waste heat recovery evaluation system provided in this application can effectively solve the above problems, and the specific implementation plan is as follows:
如图1所示，一种烟气余热回收评价系统，包括：取热腔1、循环水槽15、抽气泵13、测量仪表和控制仪表。取热腔1为烟气流通通道，取热腔1的进气口通过烟气管道连通烟气排放源烟道32，取热腔的出气口通过烟气管道连通抽气泵13，取热腔内设置取热器9；循环水槽15内设置加热器17和取热液泵16，取热液泵的入口与循环水槽内连通，取热液泵的出口通过取热器进液管路21与取热器8的取热液进口连接，取热器的取热液出口通过取热器出液管路24接入循环水槽15内。循环水槽15还连接取热液进液管19，取热液进液管19上设置取热液进液阀20。取热液进液管19用作系统运行前的取热液添加和运行过程中调节取热液时的冷夜补充。As shown in Fig. 1, a flue gas waste heat recovery evaluation system includes: a heat extraction chamber 1, a circulating water tank 15, an exhaust pump 13, measuring instruments and control instruments. The heat extraction chamber 1 is a flue gas circulation channel, the air inlet of the heat extraction chamber 1 is connected to the flue 32 of the flue gas emission source through a flue gas pipeline, the air outlet of the heat extraction chamber is connected to the exhaust pump 13 through a flue gas pipeline, and a heat extractor 9 is arranged in the heat extraction chamber; a heater 17 and a heat extraction liquid pump 16 are arranged in the circulating water tank 15, the inlet of the heat extraction liquid pump is connected to the circulating water tank, the outlet of the heat extraction liquid pump is connected to the heat extraction liquid inlet of the heat extractor 8 through the heat extraction liquid inlet pipeline 21, and the heat extraction liquid outlet of the heat extractor is connected to the circulating water tank 15 through the heat extraction liquid outlet pipeline 24. The circulating water tank 15 is also connected to the heat extraction liquid inlet pipe 19, and a heat extraction liquid inlet valve 20 is arranged on the heat extraction liquid inlet pipe 19. The heat extraction liquid inlet pipe 19 is used for adding heat extraction liquid before the system is put into operation and for cold night supplementation when adjusting the heat extraction liquid during operation.
测量仪表包括：皮托管3、入口温度计6、入口湿度计7、入口压力计8、出口温度计10、出口湿度计11、出口压力计12、差压变送器4、气速显示仪5、取热液出口温度计25、入口温度显示仪26、入口湿度显示仪27、出口温度显示仪28、出口湿度显示仪29、压差显示仪30和取热液出口温度显示仪31。皮托管2、入口温度计6、入口湿度计7和入口湿度计8设于取热腔内取热器的上游；出口温度计10、出口湿度计11和出口压力计12设于取热腔1内取热器的下游；取热液出口温度计25设于取热器出液管路24上。皮托管3、差压变送器4、气速显示仪5依次通过导线连接。入口温度显示仪26与入口温度计6通过导线连接；入口湿度显示仪27与入口湿度计7通过导线连接；出口温度显示仪28和出口温度计10通过导线连接；出口湿度显示仪29与出口湿度计11通过导线连接；压差显示仪30通过导线与进口压力计8及出口压力计12连接；取热液温度显示仪31与取热液出口温度计25通过导线相连。The measuring instruments include: a pitot tube 3, an inlet thermometer 6, an inlet hygrometer 7, an inlet pressure gauge 8, an outlet thermometer 10, an outlet hygrometer 11, an outlet pressure gauge 12, a differential pressure transmitter 4, an air velocity display 5, a heat extraction liquid outlet thermometer 25, an inlet temperature display 26, an inlet humidity display 27, an outlet temperature display 28, an outlet humidity display 29, a differential pressure display 30 and a heat extraction liquid outlet temperature display 31. The pitot tube 2, the inlet thermometer 6, the inlet hygrometer 7 and the inlet hygrometer 8 are arranged upstream of the heat extractor in the heat extraction chamber; the outlet thermometer 10, the outlet hygrometer 11 and the outlet pressure gauge 12 are arranged downstream of the heat extractor in the heat extraction chamber 1; and the heat extraction liquid outlet thermometer 25 is arranged on the heat extraction liquid outlet pipeline 24. The pitot tube 3, the differential pressure transmitter 4 and the air velocity display 5 are connected in sequence through wires. The inlet temperature display 26 is connected to the inlet thermometer 6 through a wire; the inlet humidity display 27 is connected to the inlet humidity meter 7 through a wire; the outlet temperature display 28 is connected to the outlet thermometer 10 through a wire; the outlet humidity display 29 is connected to the outlet humidity meter 11 through a wire; the differential pressure display 30 is connected to the inlet pressure gauge 8 and the outlet pressure gauge 12 through a wire; the hot liquid temperature display 31 is connected to the hot liquid outlet thermometer 25 through a wire.
控制仪表包括变频器14和温控仪18，变频器14通过导线与抽气泵13连接；温控仪18通过导线与加热器17连接。The control instrument includes a frequency converter 14 and a temperature controller 18 . The frequency converter 14 is connected to the vacuum pump 13 through a wire; and the temperature controller 18 is connected to the heater 17 through a wire.
本申请的烟气余热回收评价系统包括烟气流通系统、取热液流通系统和测量仪表系统。取热腔、烟气管道和抽气泵组成烟气流通系统；循环水槽、取热液泵、取热液管道和取热器组成取热液流通系统；皮托管、差压变送器、气速显示仪、入口温度计、入口温度显示仪、入口湿度计、入口湿度显示仪、出口温度计、出口温度显示仪、进口压力计、出口压力计、压差显示仪、取热液出口温度计及取热液出口温度显示仪组成测量仪表系统；变频器和温控仪组成控制仪表系统。烟气流通系统、取热液流通系统、测量仪表系统和控制仪表系统组成本申请的评价系统。The flue gas waste heat recovery evaluation system of the present application includes a flue gas circulation system, a heat extraction liquid circulation system and a measuring instrument system. The heat extraction chamber, flue gas pipeline and vacuum pump constitute the flue gas circulation system; the circulating water tank, heat extraction liquid pump, heat extraction liquid pipeline and heat extractor constitute the heat extraction liquid circulation system; the pitot tube, differential pressure transmitter, gas velocity display, inlet thermometer, inlet temperature display, inlet hygrometer, inlet humidity display, outlet thermometer, outlet temperature display, inlet pressure gauge, outlet pressure gauge, differential pressure display, heat extraction liquid outlet thermometer and heat extraction liquid outlet temperature display constitute the measuring instrument system; the frequency converter and temperature controller constitute the control instrument system. The flue gas circulation system, heat extraction liquid circulation system, measuring instrument system and control instrument system constitute the evaluation system of the present application.
取热液泵16安装于循环水槽15内，取热液泵进水口与循环水槽连通，取热液泵出口通过取热液管路与取热器进液口连通，取热器出液口通过管路与循水槽连通。循环水槽内的加热器通过导线与温控仪连接，用于调节循环水槽内的取热液温度。取热腔内流通烟气，取热器内流通取热液，烟道源烟气在抽气泵作用下在取热腔内流动，流经取热器时，与取热器内的取热液进行热交换，烟气温度降低，烟气中的热量进入取热液中。通过温控仪逐步调节取热液的温度，观察硫酸雾的生成情况，通过测量仪表测量烟气换热前后的各项参数，记录硫酸雾生成时出口温度显示仪28的显示温度，即为酸露点温度。The heat extraction liquid pump 16 is installed in the circulating water tank 15. The water inlet of the heat extraction liquid pump is connected to the circulating water tank. The outlet of the heat extraction liquid pump is connected to the liquid inlet of the heat collector through the heat extraction pipeline. The liquid outlet of the heat collector is connected to the circulating water tank through the pipeline. The heater in the circulating water tank is connected to the temperature controller through a wire to adjust the temperature of the heat extraction liquid in the circulating water tank. Flue gas flows in the heat extraction chamber, and heat extraction liquid flows in the heat collector. Flue gas from the flue source flows in the heat extraction chamber under the action of the exhaust pump. When flowing through the heat collector, it exchanges heat with the heat extraction liquid in the heat collector, the flue gas temperature is reduced, and the heat in the flue gas enters the heat extraction liquid. The temperature of the heat extraction liquid is gradually adjusted by the temperature controller, and the generation of sulfuric acid mist is observed. The various parameters before and after the flue gas heat exchange are measured by the measuring instrument. The displayed temperature of the outlet temperature display instrument 28 when sulfuric acid mist is generated is recorded, which is the acid dew point temperature.
通过调节取热液温度或取热液流量可调节取热器的换热效率，取热液温度通过温控仪18、加热器17和取热液进液阀20进行调节，加热器可加热取热液的温度，取热液进液阀20可调节进入循环水槽内的补充冷夜，降低取热液温度。取热液流量可通过设置在取热器进液管路21上的流量计22和取热液流量调节阀23调节。The heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger can be adjusted by adjusting the temperature of the heat exchange liquid or the flow rate of the heat exchange liquid. The temperature of the heat exchange liquid is adjusted by the temperature controller 18, the heater 17 and the heat exchange liquid inlet valve 20. The heater can heat the temperature of the heat exchange liquid. The heat exchange liquid inlet valve 20 can adjust the supplementary cooling water entering the circulating water tank to reduce the temperature of the heat exchange liquid. The flow rate of the heat exchange liquid can be adjusted by the flow meter 22 and the heat exchange liquid flow regulating valve 23 provided on the heat exchanger inlet pipeline 21.
一种实施方式中，取热腔1的进气口处设置整流器2，用于对进入取热腔内的烟气进行整流；皮托管3设于整流器2的下游，用于检测烟气流速；烟气在取热腔内沿轴向流动，入口温度计6、入口湿度计7和入口压力计8位于取热器上游的同一径向截面上；出口温度计10、出口湿度计11和出口压力计12位于取热器下游的同一径向截面上。此设置方式下，入口温度计6、入口湿度计7和入口压力计8所检测为同一截面处入口烟气的参数，出口温度计10、出口湿度计11和出口压力计12所检测为同一截面处出口烟气的参数。In one embodiment, a rectifier 2 is provided at the air inlet of the heat extraction chamber 1 to rectify the flue gas entering the heat extraction chamber; a pitot tube 3 is provided downstream of the rectifier 2 to detect the flue gas flow rate; the flue gas flows axially in the heat extraction chamber, and the inlet thermometer 6, the inlet hygrometer 7 and the inlet pressure gauge 8 are located on the same radial section upstream of the heat extraction chamber; the outlet thermometer 10, the outlet hygrometer 11 and the outlet pressure gauge 12 are located on the same radial section downstream of the heat extraction chamber. Under this setting, the parameters detected by the inlet thermometer 6, the inlet hygrometer 7 and the inlet pressure gauge 8 are the parameters of the inlet flue gas at the same section, and the parameters detected by the outlet thermometer 10, the outlet hygrometer 11 and the outlet pressure gauge 12 are the parameters of the outlet flue gas at the same section.
取热腔1为烟气流通通道，作为取热腔的一种实施方式，取热腔1采用内部中空的透明长方体结构，透明长方体结构的其中一侧设置进气口、与进气口相对的另一侧设置出气口，进气口通过烟气管道连接烟气排放源烟道32，出气口通过烟气管道连接抽气泵13。烟气沿长方体结构的长边方向流通，进口温度计、进口湿度计和进口压力计位于垂直于长边的的同一截面上，出口温度计、出口湿度计和出口压力计位于垂直于长边方向的同一截面上。取热腔的材质采用保温材料，透明结构便于观察取热腔内的硫酸雾生成情况及积灰情况。The heat extraction chamber 1 is a flue gas flow channel. As an implementation method of the heat extraction chamber, the heat extraction chamber 1 adopts a transparent rectangular structure with a hollow interior. An air inlet is arranged on one side of the transparent rectangular structure, and an air outlet is arranged on the other side opposite to the air inlet. The air inlet is connected to the flue duct 32 of the flue gas emission source through a flue gas pipe, and the air outlet is connected to the suction pump 13 through a flue gas pipe. The flue gas flows along the long side of the rectangular structure. The inlet thermometer, the inlet hygrometer and the inlet pressure gauge are located on the same section perpendicular to the long side, and the outlet thermometer, the outlet hygrometer and the outlet pressure gauge are located on the same section perpendicular to the long side. The heat extraction chamber is made of thermal insulation material, and the transparent structure facilitates the observation of the generation of sulfuric acid mist and the accumulation of ash in the heat extraction chamber.
作为取热器9的实施方式，取热器可采用单根金属翅片管；取热器9安装于取热腔1的中间部分，取热器9以金属翅片管的轴线垂直于烟气流向布满取热腔1的横截面。例如烟气在取热腔内沿轴向(或长边和方向)流动，取热器分布于取热腔的径向(或短边)截面上。采用单根金属翅片管，取热腔的径向(或短边)尺寸与单根金属管的外轮廓相适配；金属翅片管安装后，取热器布满取热腔的整个径向(或短边)截面，烟气从翅片间隙流通，确保所有的烟气都经过取热其均匀换热。如图2所示为单根金属翅片管的安装方式。As an implementation method of the heat collector 9, the heat collector may adopt a single metal fin tube; the heat collector 9 is installed in the middle part of the heat collection chamber 1, and the heat collector 9 covers the cross section of the heat collection chamber 1 with the axis of the metal fin tube perpendicular to the flue gas flow direction. For example, the flue gas flows in the axial direction (or long side and direction) in the heat collection chamber, and the heat collector is distributed on the radial (or short side) cross section of the heat collection chamber. A single metal fin tube is used, and the radial (or short side) size of the heat collection chamber is matched with the outer contour of the single metal tube; after the metal fin tube is installed, the heat collector covers the entire radial (or short side) cross section of the heat collection chamber, and the flue gas flows through the gaps between the fins to ensure that all the flue gas passes through the heat collection chamber for uniform heat exchange. Figure 2 shows the installation method of a single metal fin tube.
金属翅片管包括管体和翅片，作为金属翅片管的一种实施方式，如图2所示，金属翅片管的管体为双层套管结构，包括内层套管91和外层套管92，内层套管和外层套管均为直管，翅片93垂直于外层套管的轴线且布满外层套管的外表面。内层套管为两端贯通的直管，内层套管91的一端开口作为取热液进口96、另一端为敞开结构并连通内层套管腔体94和两层套管之间的腔体95；外层套管92的两端均为封闭结构，外层套管靠近取热液进口端的外壁上开设取热液出口97。取热液进口96连接取热器进液管路21，取热液出口97连接取热器出液管路24。The metal fin tube includes a tube body and fins. As an embodiment of the metal fin tube, as shown in FIG2 , the tube body of the metal fin tube is a double-layer sleeve structure, including an inner sleeve 91 and an outer sleeve 92. Both the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve are straight tubes, and the fins 93 are perpendicular to the axis of the outer sleeve and cover the outer surface of the outer sleeve. The inner sleeve is a straight tube with two ends through. One end of the inner sleeve 91 is open as a heat extraction liquid inlet 96, and the other end is an open structure and connects the inner sleeve cavity 94 and the cavity 95 between the two sleeves; both ends of the outer sleeve 92 are closed structures, and a heat extraction liquid outlet 97 is provided on the outer wall of the outer sleeve near the heat extraction liquid inlet. The heat extraction liquid inlet 96 is connected to the heat extraction liquid inlet pipeline 21, and the heat extraction liquid outlet 97 is connected to the heat extraction liquid outlet pipeline 24.
作为外层套管两端封闭的一种实施方式，外层套管92位于内层套管腔体和两层套管之间的腔体连通处的一端端口直接封闭，另一端的端口熔封于内层套管91的外壁上。As an implementation method of closing both ends of the outer sleeve, one end of the outer sleeve 92 located at the connection between the inner sleeve cavity and the cavity between the two sleeves is directly closed, and the other end is melt-sealed on the outer wall of the inner sleeve 91.
为便于取热器在取热腔内的快速安装，一种实施方式中，位于内层套管腔体94与两层套管之间腔体95连通一端的外层套管92的外端面上设置固定卡扣99，用于与取热腔1的内壁连接。与之相适应的，取热腔1内壁上设置固定卡槽。In order to facilitate the quick installation of the heat extractor in the heat extraction chamber, in one embodiment, a fixing buckle 99 is provided on the outer end surface of the outer sleeve 92 located at one end communicating with the inner sleeve cavity 94 and the cavity 95 between the two sleeves, for connecting with the inner wall of the heat extraction chamber 1. Accordingly, a fixing groove is provided on the inner wall of the heat extraction chamber 1.
为强化取热液流动并降低取热液在两层套管之间的流动阻力，一种实施方式中，位于内层套管腔体94与两层套管之间的腔体95连通一端的外层套管92的内端面上设置取热液导流环98。作为导流环的一种实施方式，可在外层套管内侧的管壁与底部转角处形成弧形导流面，将来自内层套管腔体94的取热液更好的导向两层套管之间腔体95内。In order to strengthen the flow of the heat extraction liquid and reduce the flow resistance of the heat extraction liquid between the two layers of casing, in one embodiment, a heat extraction liquid guide ring 98 is provided on the inner end surface of the outer casing 92 at one end connected to the inner casing cavity 94 and the cavity 95 between the two layers of casing. As an embodiment of the guide ring, an arc-shaped guide surface can be formed at the corner between the inner wall of the outer casing and the bottom to better guide the heat extraction liquid from the inner casing cavity 94 into the cavity 95 between the two layers of casing.
为了减少污染，所述抽气泵出口可通过出口烟气管道接入排放源烟道中。In order to reduce pollution, the outlet of the vacuum pump can be connected to the flue of the emission source through an outlet flue gas pipe.
利用上述评价系统进行烟气余热回收评价的方法，包括：The method for evaluating flue gas waste heat recovery using the above evaluation system includes:
(1)连接烟气余热回收评价系统，接入电源，打开取热液进液阀向循环水槽注入循环液，开启加热器通过温控仪将取热液加热至设定温度并保持稳定；(采用高沸点取热液时将取热液加热至与烟气温度一致，采用水作为取热液时，将循环水加热至接近沸点)；(1) Connect the flue gas waste heat recovery evaluation system, connect the power supply, open the hot liquid inlet valve to inject the circulating liquid into the circulating water tank, turn on the heater to heat the hot liquid to the set temperature through the temperature controller and keep it stable; (when using a high boiling point hot liquid, heat the hot liquid to the same temperature as the flue gas; when using water as the hot liquid, heat the circulating water to a temperature close to the boiling point);
(2)打开位于高温尾气排放源烟道上的进气阀门，启动抽气泵并通过变频器设定抽气泵工作频率，将排放源烟道中的高温烟气引入余热回收评价系统，在抽气泵的作用下，高温烟气依次经过取热腔、烟气管道并经抽气泵排出；(2) Open the air inlet valve on the flue of the high-temperature exhaust gas emission source, start the vacuum pump, and set the working frequency of the vacuum pump through the frequency converter to introduce the high-temperature flue gas in the flue of the emission source into the waste heat recovery evaluation system. Under the action of the vacuum pump, the high-temperature flue gas passes through the heat extraction chamber and the flue gas pipeline in sequence and is discharged through the vacuum pump;
(3)根据检测仪表数据显示结果，通过控制仪表调整设备运行工况，进行如下至少一种余热回收工艺评价：(3) Based on the results displayed by the detection instrument data, the equipment operating conditions are adjusted through the control instrument to conduct at least one of the following waste heat recovery process evaluations:
(a)高温尾气酸露点评价：待烟气余热回收评价系统各检测仪表所测试的参数稳定后逐步调整温控仪，降低循环水槽中取热液温度，待气速显示仪、进口温度显示仪、进口湿度显示仪、出口温度显示仪、出口湿度显示仪和压差显示仪参数稳定后记录测试数据，并观察取热器下游烟气硫酸雾出现情况，若烟气没有达到酸露点则继续通过温控仪降低循环水槽中取热液温度，直至酸度点出现并记录被测试烟气的酸露点温度；(a) Evaluation of acid dew point of high-temperature tail gas: After the parameters tested by the various detection instruments of the flue gas waste heat recovery evaluation system are stable, gradually adjust the temperature controller to reduce the temperature of the hot liquid in the circulating water tank. After the parameters of the gas velocity display, inlet temperature display, inlet humidity display, outlet temperature display, outlet humidity display and pressure difference display are stable, record the test data and observe the appearance of sulfuric acid mist in the flue gas downstream of the heat collector. If the flue gas does not reach the acid dew point, continue to reduce the temperature of the hot liquid in the circulating water tank through the temperature controller until the acid point appears and record the acid dew point temperature of the tested flue gas;
(b)取热器积灰性能评价：待烟气余热回收评价系统各参数稳定后逐步调整温控仪，降低循环水槽中取热液温度，待各气速显示仪、进口温度显示仪、进口湿度显示仪、出口温度显示仪、出口湿度显示仪和压差显示仪参数稳定后记录测试数据，并观察取热器表面积灰情况，若烟气没有积灰现象则继续通过温控仪降低循环水槽中取热液温度，直至积灰现象出现并记录取热器下游烟气温度；(b) Evaluation of heat exchanger dust accumulation performance: After the parameters of the flue gas waste heat recovery evaluation system are stable, gradually adjust the temperature controller to reduce the temperature of the hot liquid in the circulating water tank. After the parameters of the gas velocity display, inlet temperature display, inlet humidity display, outlet temperature display, outlet humidity display and pressure difference display are stable, record the test data and observe the dust accumulation on the surface of the heat exchanger. If there is no dust accumulation in the flue gas, continue to reduce the temperature of the hot liquid in the circulating water tank through the temperature controller until dust accumulation occurs and record the flue gas temperature downstream of the heat exchanger.
(c)取热器换热性能评价：控制取热器进液管路上的阀门，调整取热器内取热液的流量，待烟气余热回收评价系统气速显示仪、进口温度显示仪、进口湿度显示仪、出口温度显示仪、出口湿度显示仪和压差显示仪参数稳定，记录取热器前后的烟气温度，继续下一个不同流量的测试；通过测试不同取热液流量换热效果，评价换热器的换热性能，确定最佳的取热液温度和流量；(c) Evaluation of heat exchange performance of heat exchanger: Control the valve on the heat exchanger inlet pipeline, adjust the flow rate of heat extraction liquid in the heat exchanger, wait for the parameters of the flue gas waste heat recovery evaluation system gas velocity display, inlet temperature display, inlet humidity display, outlet temperature display, outlet humidity display and pressure difference display to be stable, record the flue gas temperature before and after the heat exchanger, and continue the next test with different flow rates; by testing the heat exchange effect of different heat extraction liquid flow rates, evaluate the heat exchange performance of the heat exchanger and determine the optimal heat extraction liquid temperature and flow rate;
(d)取热器阻力评价：控制抽气泵的变频器频率，调整取热腔内高温烟气的流量，待烟气余热回收评价系统气速显示仪、进口温度显示仪、进口湿度显示仪、出口温度显示仪、出口湿度显示仪和压差显示仪参数稳定，记录取热器前后的压力差，继续下一个不同流量的测试；通过测试不同烟气流速下取热器的压力差，确定最佳的烟气流速。(d) Heat exchanger resistance evaluation: Control the frequency of the inverter of the vacuum pump, adjust the flow rate of the high-temperature flue gas in the heat collection chamber, wait for the parameters of the flue gas waste heat recovery evaluation system gas velocity display, inlet temperature display, inlet humidity display, outlet temperature display, outlet humidity display and pressure difference display to stabilize, record the pressure difference before and after the heat exchanger, and continue to the next test with different flow rates; determine the optimal flue gas flow rate by testing the pressure difference of the heat exchanger under different flue gas flow rates.
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此，本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.
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