CN111557208A - A cultivation method for precise water regulation applied to wine grapes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a cultivation method for precise water regulation applied to wine grapes, belonging to the technical field of agriculture. To provide a reasonable cultivation method for precise water regulation of wine grapes, so as to avoid the adverse effects of improper water supply in the growing season on wine grape cultivation. The water stress during the expansion period of the young fruit makes the fruit smaller and increases the proportion of the peel and seeds rich in flavor substances in the fruit. distribution and increase the content of fruit flavor substances.

Description

A cultivation method for precise water regulation applied to wine grapes

technical field

The invention relates to a cultivation method for precise water regulation applied to wine grapes, belonging to the technical field of agriculture.

Background technique

At present, conventional cultivation methods are used in wine grape cultivation, and traditional ditching techniques are used for planting. That is, after ditching and loosening the soil, organic fertilizer is applied at the base of the planting ditch, and then the soil is backfilled. The disadvantage of this planting method is that it is difficult to adapt to the continental monsoon climate of the main wine grape producing areas in China. Excessive precipitation in summer causes the soil to be under high water or even saturated water conditions for a long time, resulting in excessive vegetative growth and poor fruit quality and brewing performance. Low, the plants also have poor overwintering performance due to insufficient growth. The south has successfully adopted the root zone limitation technology on table grapes. The method is to plant the grapes in a closed planting ditch to prevent the root system from extending outside the membrane and avoid the adverse effects of excessive groundwater level on the grapes. Because this method makes the root system unable to grow downward, it is difficult to absorb the mineral nutrients deep in the soil, and it can only be used for new gardens, but cannot be used to transform mature gardens, so it cannot be used in wine viticulture.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is, starting from the continental monsoon climate characteristics of wine grape producing areas in China, and aiming at the defects and problems existing in the current conventional technology, to provide a reasonable cultivation method for precise regulation of water content of wine grapes, so as to avoid the moisture content in the growing season. Adverse effects of improper supply on wine viticulture.

For solving this technical problem, the scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A cultivation method for precise regulation of moisture applied to wine grapes, comprising the following steps:

1) Ditching: According to the root distribution characteristics of most wine grapes, the grape planting ditch is opened;

2) Lay side isolation film in the ditch: use a shed film with a thickness of not less than 0.15mm as an isolation film and attach it to both sides of the planting ditch wall, and then backfill the planting ditch in the order of organic fertilizer and topsoil, and water after backfilling Settling, and then planting grape seedlings;

3) Covering on the ground: in the rainy season in July and August, cover the top of the planting row with a shed film;

4) Precise moisture regulation according to phenological period:

a. From the wounding period to the leaf spreading period: maintain 60-80% of the field water capacity;

b. From leaf spreading stage to inflorescence separation stage: keep 50-60% field water capacity;

c. From the flower separation stage to the early flowering stage: maintain 80-90% of the field water capacity;

d. From the full bloom period to the physiological fruit drop period: maintain 60-80% of the field water capacity;

e. From the expansion period of the young fruit to the color change period: maintain 50-60% of the field water capacity;

f. From color change period to maturity period: keep 50-70% field capacity.

The above method can also be used for mature gardens, including the following steps: open a planting ditch on both sides of the planting row, stick a shed film with a thickness of not less than 0.15mm on the wall of the ditch and backfill, and also use the shed film to isolate the side rainwater in the rainy season. purpose of penetration.

In the rainy season in July and August, covering the top of the planting row with a shed film can prevent too much rainwater from flowing into the planting row and isolate the rainwater.

The water stress in the expansion period of young fruit makes the fruit smaller, and increases the proportion of the peel and seeds rich in flavor substances in the fruit; through moderate water stress from the color changing period to the maturity period, more assimilation products are transferred to the fruit. distribution and increase the content of fruit flavor substances.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the planting mode of the application.

The beneficial effects of the present invention

(1) The present invention aims at the problem that excessive precipitation in summer in most wine grape producing areas in my country affects the formation of grape quality, induces prosperous growth and reduces wintering performance, and uses improved technology for viticulture, which isolates the effect of excessive precipitation in summer on wine grape production. The adverse effects can effectively improve the fruit quality, improve the overwintering performance, and lay the foundation for the production of better quality wine.

(2) The anthocyanin content in wine grapes can be increased by 28.5% and the tannin content can be increased by 24.8% by using the solution of the present application.

Detailed ways

Example 1

Wine grapes planted in Penglai, Shandong in 2017, including the following steps:

1) Ditching: According to the root distribution characteristics of most wine grapes, the width and depth of the planting ditch are set to 80cm, that is, the grape planting ditch is opened according to the specifications of 80cm wide and 80cm deep.

2) Lay the side film in the ditch: Cut the shed film with a thickness of not less than 0.15mm into a width of 80cm and attach it to both sides of the planting ditch wall, then backfill the planting ditch in the order of organic fertilizer and topsoil, and water after backfilling Settled and then planted with grapes.

3) Aboveground coverage: On July 7, 2019, the rainfall was 15.0mm, which is equivalent to 3.2 cubic meters of drip irrigation in the root system, and then the top of the planting row area was covered with a shed film to prevent excessive rainwater from flowing into the root system during the rainy season. The purpose of isolating rainwater, improving quality, controlling growth and enhancing wintering performance.

4) Precise moisture regulation according to phenological period:

a. From April 10th to April 28th, 2019: the cumulative rainfall on April 10th, 14th and 23rd was 13.5mm, which is equivalent to 2.9 cubic meters of drip irrigation in the root area. The drip irrigation was carried out once on April 10th, and the irrigation amount was 15 cubic meters/mu, the maintenance range of field water holding capacity is 78.5% to 61.8%;

b. From April 29 to May 13: no effective precipitation was formed during the period, no irrigation was performed, and the field water capacity was maintained in the range of 61.8% to 49.1%;

c. From May 14th to June 2nd: the cumulative precipitation on May 19th and 26th was 8.8mm, which is equivalent to 1.88 cubic meters of drip irrigation in the root area. The drip irrigation was performed once on May 14, and the irrigation amount was 30 cubic meters per mu. The field capacity is maintained in the range of 89.6% to 78.8%;

d. From June 3rd to June 18th: the accumulated precipitation on June 6th and 9th was 22.8mm, which is equivalent to 4.86 cubic meters of drip irrigation in the root area without irrigation, and the maintenance range of field water capacity was 78.8% to 59.2%;

e. From June 19 to July 5: no effective precipitation was formed during the period, no irrigation was performed, and the field capacity was maintained within a range of 59.2% to 48.6%;

f. From July 6th to August 31st: the precipitation on July 7th is 15.0mm, which is equivalent to 3.2 cubic meters/mu of drip irrigation. Water volume maintenance ranged from 58.7% to 48.2%.

g. From September 1st to October 15th: the ground mulch was removed on September 1st, and 10 cubic meters/mu of drip irrigation was applied. After that, the accumulated precipitation on September 4th, September 8th, and October 11th was 18.6mm, which is equivalent to In drip irrigation 3.96 cubic meters/mu, the field water holding capacity is maintained in the range of 68.6% to 50.5%.

Example 2 Renovation of an aging garden

Mature wine vineyard planted in Penglai, Shandong in 2013, including the following steps:

1) In mid-March 2019, lay a side film in the ditch, open a ditch with a depth of 80cm at 40cm on each side of the planting row, and stick a shed film with a thickness of not less than 0.15mm on the ditch wall and backfill.

2) Aboveground coverage: On July 7, 2019, the rainfall was 15.0mm, which is equivalent to 3.2 cubic meters of drip irrigation in the root system. After that, the top of the planting row area was covered with a shed film to prevent excessive rainwater from flowing into the root system during the rainy season. The purpose of isolating rainwater, improving quality, controlling growth and enhancing wintering performance.

3) Precise moisture regulation according to phenological period:

a. From April 10th to April 28th, 2019: the cumulative rainfall on April 10th, 14th and 23rd was 13.5mm, which is equivalent to 2.9 cubic meters of drip irrigation in the root area. The drip irrigation was carried out once on April 10th, and the irrigation amount was 15 cubic meters/mu, the maintenance range of field water capacity is 81.2% to 58.6%;

b. From April 29 to May 13: no effective precipitation was formed during the period, no irrigation was performed, and the field water capacity was maintained in the range of 58.6% to 46.3%;

c. From May 14th to June 2nd: the cumulative precipitation on May 19th and 26th is 8.8mm, which is equivalent to 1.9 cubic meters of drip irrigation in the root area. The drip irrigation is carried out once on May 14, and the irrigation amount is 30 cubic meters per mu. The field capacity is maintained in the range of 92.4% to 73.2%;

d. From June 3rd to June 18th: the accumulated precipitation on June 6th and 9th was 22.8mm, which is equivalent to 4.86 cubic meters of drip irrigation in the root area without irrigation, and the field water capacity was maintained in the range of 73.2% to 53.7%;

e. From June 19 to July 5: no effective precipitation was formed during the period, no irrigation was performed, and the field capacity was maintained within a range of 53.7% to 46.4%;

f. From July 6th to August 31st: the precipitation on July 7th is 15.0mm, which is equivalent to 3.2 cubic meters/mu of drip irrigation. Water volume maintenance ranged from 61.5% to 45.8%.

g. From September 1st to October 15th: the ground mulch was removed on September 1st, and 10 cubic meters/mu of drip irrigation was applied. After that, the accumulated precipitation on September 4th, September 8th, and October 11th was 18.6mm. It is equivalent to 3.96 cubic meters/mu of drip irrigation, and the field water holding capacity is maintained in the range of 71.4% to 53.7% during the period.

Comparative Example 1

Wine grapes planted in Penglai, Shandong in 2017, including the following steps:

1) Ditching: According to the root distribution characteristics of most wine grapes, the width and depth of the planting ditch are set to 80cm, that is, the grape planting ditch is opened according to the specifications of 80cm wide and 80cm deep.

2) Backfill the planting ditch in the order of organic fertilizer and topsoil. After backfilling, water the ditch, and then plant the grapes.

3) Soil moisture status at different stages in 2019

a. From April 10th to April 28th, 2019: The cumulative rainfall on April 10th, 14th and 23rd was 13.5mm, which is equivalent to 9.0 cubic meters of flood irrigation. The drip irrigation was performed once on April 10, and the irrigation amount was 15 cubic meters. /mu, the maintenance range of field water capacity is 78.4% to 54.8%;

b. From April 29 to May 13: no effective precipitation was formed during the period, no irrigation was performed, and the field water capacity was maintained in the range of 54.8% to 44.3%;

c. From May 14th to June 2nd: the accumulated precipitation on May 19th and 26th was 8.8mm, which is equivalent to 5.9 cubic meters of flood irrigation. On May 14th, drip irrigation was performed once, and the irrigation amount was 30 cubic meters per mu. The water volume maintenance range is 96.1% to 72.7%;

d. From June 3rd to June 18th: the accumulated precipitation on June 6th and 9th is 22.8mm, which is equivalent to 15.2 cubic meters of flood irrigation, and the field water capacity is maintained in the range of 72.7% to 62.5%;

e. From June 19 to July 5: no effective precipitation was formed during the period, no irrigation was performed, and the field water capacity was maintained in the range of 62.5% to 52.2%;

f. From July 6 to October 15: the precipitation on July 7 is 15.0mm, which is equivalent to 10.0 cubic meters/mu of flood irrigation; the precipitation on July 12 is 8.6 mm, which is equivalent to 5.7 cubic meters/mu of flood irrigation; the precipitation on July 15 9.5mm, equivalent to 6.3 cubic meters/mu of flood irrigation; 6.5mm of precipitation on July 24, equivalent to 4.3 cubic meters/mu of flood irrigation; 25.2mm of precipitation on August 8, equivalent to 16.8 cubic meters/mu of flood irrigation; precipitation on August 10-11 102.6mm, equivalent to 67.9 cubic meters of flood irrigation; the precipitation on October 7 was 9.5mm, equivalent to 6.3 cubic meters/mu of flood irrigation; during the period, the field water holding capacity was maintained in the range of 100% to 63.8%, and the field water holding capacity was greater than 90% for more than 25 days .

Comparative Example 2

Wine grapes planted in Penglai, Shandong in 2013, including the following steps:

1) Ditching: According to the root distribution characteristics of most wine grapes, the width and depth of the planting ditch are set to 80cm, that is, the grape planting ditch is opened according to the specifications of 80cm wide and 80cm deep.

2) Backfill the planting ditch in the order of organic fertilizer and topsoil. After backfilling, water the ditch, and then plant the grapes.

3) Soil moisture status at different stages in 2019

a. From April 10th to April 28th, 2019: The cumulative rainfall on April 10th, 14th and 23rd was 13.5mm, which is equivalent to 9.0 cubic meters of flood irrigation. The drip irrigation was performed once on April 10, and the irrigation amount was 15 cubic meters. /mu, the maintenance range of field water capacity is 80.3% to 58.2%;

b. From April 29 to May 13: no effective precipitation was formed during the period, no irrigation was performed, and the field water capacity was maintained in the range of 58.2% to 48.8%;

c. From May 14th to June 2nd: the accumulated precipitation on May 19th and 26th was 8.8mm, which is equivalent to 5.9 cubic meters of flood irrigation. On May 14th, drip irrigation was performed once, and the irrigation amount was 30 cubic meters per mu. The water volume maintenance range is 92.1% to 75.4%;

d. From June 3rd to June 18th: the accumulated precipitation on June 6th and 9th was 22.8mm, which is equivalent to 15.2 cubic meters of flood irrigation. Without irrigation, the field water capacity was maintained in the range of 75.4% to 58.4%;

e. From June 19th to July 5th: no effective precipitation was formed during the period, no irrigation was performed, and the field water capacity was maintained in the range of 58.4% to 48.5%;

f. From July 6 to October 15: the precipitation on July 7 is 15.0mm, which is equivalent to 10.0 cubic meters/mu of flood irrigation; the precipitation on July 12 is 8.6 mm, which is equivalent to 5.7 cubic meters/mu of flood irrigation; the precipitation on July 15 9.5mm, equivalent to 6.3 cubic meters/mu of flood irrigation; 6.5mm of precipitation on July 24, equivalent to 4.3 cubic meters/mu of flood irrigation; 25.2mm of precipitation on August 8, equivalent to 16.8 cubic meters/mu of flood irrigation; precipitation on August 10-11 102.6mm, equivalent to 67.9 cubic meters of flood irrigation; precipitation on October 7 was 9.5mm, equivalent to 6.3 cubic meters/mu of flood irrigation; during the period, the field water holding capacity ranged from 100% to 61.3%, and the field water holding capacity was greater than 90% for more than 25 days .

Comparative Example 3

Wine grapes planted in Rushan, Shandong in 2013, including the following steps:

1) Ditching: According to the root distribution characteristics of most wine grapes, the width and depth of the planting ditch are set to 80cm, that is, the grape planting ditch is opened according to the specifications of 80cm wide and 80cm deep.

2) Backfill the planting ditch in the order of organic fertilizer and topsoil. After backfilling, water the ditch, and then plant the grapes.

3) Soil moisture status at different stages in 2019

a. From April 10 to April 28, 2019: the precipitation on April 14 was 4.7 mm, the precipitation on April 23 was 9.0 mm, and the precipitation on April 25 was 4.2 mm, which is equivalent to 11.9 cubic meters/mu of flood irrigation. The water volume maintenance range is 75.4% to 56.5%;

b. From April 29 to May 13: no effective precipitation was formed during the period, no irrigation was performed, and the field water capacity was maintained in the range of 63.8% to 52.4%;

c. From May 14 to June 2: the precipitation on May 19 is 3.5mm, the precipitation on May 26-27 is 8.0mm, and the precipitation on June 1-2 is 7.5mm, which is equivalent to 12.7 cubic meters/mu of flood irrigation, The field capacity is maintained in the range of 52.4% to 58.2%;

d. From June 3rd to June 18th: the precipitation on June 6th is 14.1mm, and the precipitation on June 8th-9th is 15.6mm, which is equivalent to 19.8 cubic meters/mu of flood irrigation, and the maintenance range of field water capacity is 55.3% to 65.5%. %;

e. From June 19 to July 5: the precipitation on July 3 was 5.6mm, which is equivalent to 3.7 cubic meters/mu of flood irrigation; the maintenance range of field water holding capacity is 53.5% to 58.8%;

f. From July 6 to October 15: the precipitation on July 7 is 17.2mm, which is equivalent to 11.5 cubic meters/mu of flood irrigation; the precipitation on July 12 is 10.8mm, which is equivalent to 7.2 cubic meters/mu of flood irrigation; the precipitation on July 15 10.2mm, equivalent to 6.8 cubic meters/mu of flood irrigation; 6.8mm of precipitation on July 24, equivalent to 4.5 cubic meters/mu of flood irrigation; 27.7mm of precipitation on August 8, equivalent to 18.4 cubic meters/mu of flood irrigation; Precipitation on August 11-12 123.8mm, equivalent to 82.5 cubic meters/mu of flood irrigation; 13.0mm of precipitation on September 4, equivalent to 8.7 cubic meters/mu of flood irrigation; 10.1mm of precipitation on September 8, equivalent to 6.7 cubic meters/mu of flood irrigation; 9.9mm of precipitation on October 11 , equivalent to 6.6 cubic meters/mu of flood irrigation; during the period, the field water holding capacity was maintained in the range of 100% to 62.2%, and the field water holding capacity was greater than 90% for more than 30 days.

Implementation Effect

Wine grapes were cultivated under the conditions of Examples 1, 2 and Comparative Examples 1-3, and the results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

As can be seen from the table, the solution of the present application can reduce the fruit size of wine grapes by 11.5%, increase the proportion of peel and seeds in the fruit by 16.2%, increase the anthocyanin content by 28.5%, increase the tannin content by 24.8%, and increase the flavonol content by 24.8%. An increase of 18.3%.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of moisture precise regulation and cultivation method applied to wine grape, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: 1) Ditching: According to the root distribution characteristics of most wine grapes, the grape planting ditch is opened; 2) Lay side isolation film in the ditch: use a shed film with a thickness of not less than 0.15mm as an isolation film and attach it to both sides of the planting ditch wall, and then backfill the planting ditch in the order of organic fertilizer and topsoil, and water after backfilling Settling, and then planting grape seedlings; 3) Covering on the ground: in the rainy season in July and August, cover the top of the planting row with a shed film; 4) Precise moisture regulation according to phenological period: a. From the injury period to the leaf spreading period: maintain 60-80% of the field water capacity; b. From leaf spreading stage to inflorescence separation stage: keep 50-60% field water capacity; c. From the flower separation stage to the early flowering stage: maintain 80-90% of the field water capacity; d. From full bloom period to physiological fruit drop period: keep 60-80% field water capacity; e. From the expansion period of the young fruit to the color change period: maintain 50-60% of the field water capacity; f. From color change period to maturity period: keep 50-70% of field capacity. 2. The cultivation method of claim 1 is applied to the cultivation of wine grapes in the mature garden. 3. application according to claim 2, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: open field planting ditch on both sides of field planting row, the shed film that is not less than 0.15mm thick is pasted on ditch wall and backfill, also use shed in rainy season The membrane serves the purpose of isolating the infiltration of rainwater from the side.

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