CN111477533A - Apparatus for ion generation, transmission and mass spectrometry in low vacuum systems - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of analysis and testing, in particular to a device for ion generation, transmission and mass spectrometry in a low vacuum system, comprising an ion source, a primary ion transmission system, an ion mobility spectrum, and a secondary ion transmission system combined ion mass analyzer. The vacuum system of the device has a multi-stage vacuum differential function; the ion source is placed in a chamber with a lower vacuum degree, and the sample ions to be tested generated by the ion source pass through the primary ion transmission system and are efficiently transmitted to the ion mobility spectrum. After the ion transfer tube is separated, it enters the secondary ion transmission system to achieve high-efficiency transmission to the ion mass analyzer; the device system can improve ion generation efficiency, ion transmission efficiency, and realize the separation of ion isomers, thereby improving ion production efficiency. Separation efficiency and ion transmission efficiency and detection sensitivity of the entire system.

Description

Apparatus for ion generation, transmission and mass spectrometry in low vacuum systems

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of analysis and testing, and particularly relates to a device used for ion generation, transmission and mass spectrometry in a low vacuum system.

Background technique

Ion mobility spectrometry refers to the separation of different ions with different mobilities under the action of an electric field under low vacuum conditions. It has the advantages of simple structure and fast analysis speed. It can rapidly detect explosives, drugs, etc. on-line. Airports, stations, immigration and other occasions. However, due to the low resolving power of ion mobility spectrometry, problems such as false positives or false negatives are prone to occur when detecting complex mixtures. Therefore, a series of various hyphenated instrument technologies have emerged to improve the resolving power of ion mobility spectrometry, such as gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry, ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry and other instruments, giving full play to the respective advantages of each instrument Improve instrument resolution and accuracy.

For ion mobility spectrometry combined with chromatography or mass spectrometry or chromatography-mass spectrometry, the combined technique improves mass resolution and detection accuracy, but for the detection of some trace and complex mixtures, the high sensitivity of the instrument is important Among them, ionization efficiency and ion transmission efficiency are one of the important factors affecting the sensitivity of the instrument. Therefore, how to improve the ionization efficiency and ion transmission efficiency is one of the important development directions in the future analysis and detection technology.

At present, in the analysis of biomolecules, such as protein molecules, peptides and other macromolecules, ion sources are mostly used under normal pressure, such as ESI, DESI, DART plasma sources, but because the ion transmission system and mass analyzer work in Under the condition of a certain degree of vacuum, the ion source under normal pressure has a vacuum interface with the ion transmission system and the ion mass analyzer. To ensure that the ion mass analyzer can reach the required vacuum degree, its vacuum interface must be one with one. Tiny holes that restrict gas flow. One of the problems with this micropore is that more than 90% of the ions generated by the ion source at atmospheric pressure are lost out of the vacuum before they enter the vacuum. In addition, due to the frequent collision of ions with environmental molecules under normal pressure, ion loss will also be caused; and impurities such as some unremoved solvent molecules will also be mixed, which will directly reduce the later analysis and detection sensitivity.

In the past few years, many electrospray assisted desolvation technologies have been invented to improve the ionization efficiency, such as the heating capillary desolvation technology proposed in US patent US4977320, which adds a metal thermal conductivity to the periphery of the capillary. The shielding cylinder can increase the temperature of the capillary by heating the thermally conductive shielding cylinder, achieve the effect of desolvation, and improve the ionization efficiency. This technology is currently widely used in the commercial instruments of some analytical instrument companies. The backflushing sheath gas method proposed by U.S. Patent US4861988 desolvation technology, the sample solution to be tested is diluted by sheath gas in the process of forming ions after electrospray ionization, and at the same time is diluted by sheath gas to form charged mist droplets. Most of the solvent evaporates before reaching the mass spectrometer inlet, forming smaller charged droplets of gas-phase ions. In order to improve the desolvation effect of the sample, a reverse air flow is blown in front of the mass spectrometer injection port to form an air curtain. This air curtain can make the neutral tissue components offset the mass spectrometer injection port, and can also take away most of the solvent. Molecules with good desolvation effect. Using high-purity N2 as the auxiliary sheath gas has a better effect of desolvating the ionized gas. A certain flow rate of nitrogen can blow away most of the neutral particles and particularly large droplets, which can significantly improve the desolvation efficiency. .

At present, in the combined ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry instruments, the ion source generates ions and directly enters the ion mobility spectrum, or an ion lens is placed at the front of the ion mobility spectrum as an ion transmission system. During the transmission process, the ions can only be transmitted in a straight line and cannot be bound by the radio frequency electric field. The ions are easily scattered and lost, so that most of the ions are lost during the transmission process and do not enter the ion mobility spectrometry or mass spectrometry analysis, resulting in the entire instrument device. Insufficient writing sensitivity, etc.

In the previous investigation, it was found that after the ion source under normal pressure generates ions, about 90% of the ions will be lost in the process of entering the ion transmission system under low vacuum, which directly affects the detection of the entire system. Decreased sensitivity, weak ion signal, etc.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects existing in the prior art, to provide a real-time efficient and fast analysis of the sample, to improve the ionization efficiency and ion transmission efficiency of the sample, to reduce the loss of ions in the transmission process, and to improve the performance of the entire instrument system. Sensitive device for ion generation, transmission and mass spectrometry in low vacuum systems.

The technical scheme for realizing the object of the present invention is: a device for ion generation, transmission and mass spectrometry in a low vacuum system, comprising a primary vacuum chamber, a secondary vacuum chamber, a tertiary vacuum chamber and a fourth vacuum chamber which are connected in sequence; The primary vacuum chamber is provided with an ion source for generating sample ions to be tested, a primary ion transmission system for transmitting sample ions to be tested generated by the ion source, and a vacuum pump ventilation interface for introducing auxiliary gas. The ventilation interface is mainly used for desolvation and auxiliary gas phase ionization of the sample to be tested; the ion source is loaded with a desolvation device; the desolvation device is provided with a capillary tube; the primary ion transport system is an ion a funnel; the secondary vacuum chamber is provided with an ion mobility spectrum for separating the isomers of the sample ions to be tested, and the ion mobility spectrum separates the ions according to their different mobilities of different structures; the tertiary vacuum The chamber is provided with a secondary ion transmission system for transmitting the sample ions to be tested generated by the ion source; the 4-stage vacuum chamber is provided with an ion detector and an ion mass used for mass analysis of the measured sample ions and obtaining a mass spectrum analyzer; the ion detector and the ion mass analyzer are arranged correspondingly up and down; a first ion lens is fixed in the channel position between the primary vacuum chamber and the secondary vacuum chamber; the secondary vacuum chamber and the tertiary vacuum The channel position between the chambers is provided with a second ion lens; the channel position between the third-stage vacuum chamber and the fourth-stage vacuum chamber is provided with a third ion lens; the first ion lens, the second ion lens, the third ion lens A through hole for ions to pass through is opened in the middle of the ion lens.

In the above technical solution, an auxiliary gas heating and temperature control device is provided at the position of the vacuum pump ventilation interface, so as to control the gas to pass into the chamber where the ion source and the transmission system are located after heating; the gas can be one of the non-toxic and harmless gases. One or more mixed gases, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, sulfur hexafluoride, argon, xenon, etc.

In the above technical solution, the primary vacuum chamber is provided with a first vacuum regulating valve for controlling the pumping speed of the vacuum pump; the secondary vacuum chamber is provided with a second vacuum regulating valve for controlling the vacuum degree of the secondary vacuum chamber; the The third-stage vacuum chamber is provided with a third vacuum regulating valve for controlling the vacuum degree of the third-stage vacuum chamber, and the vacuum degree of the cavity where the ion source is located can be adjusted in real time according to the experimental requirements.

In the above technical solution, the ion source is an electrospray ionization source placed outside the primary vacuum chamber; the electrospray ionization source is connected to a capillary running through the desolvation device.

In the above technical solution, the ion source is placed inside the primary vacuum chamber, and is set at the position corresponding to the capillary tube running through the desolvation device, and the electrode of the ion source is loaded with high voltage; the capillary tube and the volatile gas placed outside the primary vacuum chamber are arranged. Molecular generators are connected.

The end of the desolvation device and the capillary tube located inside the primary vacuum chamber in the above technical solution is lower than the end located outside the primary vacuum chamber, and a three-dimensional moving platform with adjustable angle and distance is arranged below the desolvation device; A sample to be tested is provided on the three-dimensional moving platform at one end of the corresponding capillary tube located inside the primary vacuum chamber.

In the above technical solution, the fourth-stage vacuum chamber is also provided with an ion gate, a time-of-flight mass spectrometer and a second ion detector; the ion gate is arranged at a position below the ion mass analyzer; the second ion detector is arranged in the ion mass analyzer. The side of the mass analyzer away from the tertiary vacuum chamber; the time-of-flight mass spectrometer is arranged below the ion gate and the second ion detector, and is arranged in the shape of an inverted "pin" with the ion gate and the second ion detector.

The ion mobility spectrum described in the above technical solution is a differential ion mobility spectrum or a migration tube ion mobility spectrum or a high-field asymmetric waveform mobility spectrum.

The secondary ion transmission system described in the above technical solution is one or more of an ion lens, a multipole, and an ion funnel, wherein the multipole is a quadrupole, hexapole, octopole, Twelve poles, sixteen poles, etc.

The ion mass analyzer described in the above technical solution is a quadrupole mass analyzer, a time-of-flight mass analyzer, an ion trap mass analyzer, a magnetic mass analyzer, a Fourier cyclotron resonance mass analyzer, and an orbital ion trap mass analyzer. one or more of.

After adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention has following positive effect:

(1) The present invention can realize the multi-stage vacuum differential function, and can realize the real-time, high-efficiency and rapid analysis of the sample. The sample to be tested is ionized by the ion source in a low vacuum environment, which improves the ionization efficiency. It can directly enter the ion transmission system under the condition of such a structure design, which can improve the ion generation efficiency and reduce the loss during the ion transmission process, thereby improving the ion transmission efficiency and the detection sensitivity of the whole system; it can also save the tedious sample pretreatment process. , improve the analysis speed and accuracy, and simplify the analysis procedures.

(2) The ion source and sample device of the present invention can be one type of ion source, or can be any combination of multiple different ion sources, so that multiple ion sources can simultaneously analyze multiple samples of the same type or different samples, Achieve high-throughput and high-sensitivity detection.

(3) The present invention generates ions from an open ion source under normal pressure under low vacuum conditions, improves the ionization efficiency and ion transmission efficiency while maintaining the application field of the ion source, and improves the sensitivity of the entire analytical instrument, especially In the field of biomedical detection, high sensitivity plays an important role in trace detection, which improves the field of use and efficiency of the instrument, and also reduces the maintenance cost of the instrument.

(4) The vacuum system of the present invention is a multi-stage differential vacuum structure, which is controlled and adjusted in real time according to the vacuum degree required by the ion source, ion transmission system and mass analyzer to achieve the best working conditions.

(5) The ion source of the present invention can be used for gaseous, solid or liquid sample analysis. The ion source and the sample device can be one type of ion source or any combination of various ion sources to achieve multiple ion sources. The ion source analyzes multiple samples of the same type or different samples simultaneously to achieve high-throughput and high-sensitivity detection.

(6) The ion transfer tube in the present invention has the function of ion separation. During the collision process of the ions under pressure, different ions are separated with different mobilities under the action of the electric field, and has the function of separation of isomers.

Description of drawings

In order to make the content of the present invention easier to understand clearly, the present invention will be described in further detail below according to specific embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 6 of the present invention.

The drawings are marked as follows: 101 is a capillary tube, 102 is a desolvation device, 103 is an auxiliary gas heating and temperature control device, 104 is a vacuum pump ventilation interface, 105 is a primary ion transmission system, 106 is an ion mobility spectrum, and 107 is a secondary Ion transmission system; 108 is an ion mass analyzer, 109 is an ion detector, 110 is a first vacuum regulating valve, 111 is a second vacuum regulating valve, 112 is a third vacuum regulating valve, 113 is a first ion lens, and 114 is a The second ion lens, 115 is the third ion lens, 116 is the primary vacuum chamber, 117 is the secondary vacuum chamber, 118 is the third vacuum chamber, 119 is the fourth vacuum chamber, 120 is the three-dimensional moving platform, and 121 is the sample to be tested , 122 is a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, 123 is a second ion detector, 124 is an ion gate, and 125 is an ion source with electrodes loaded with high voltage.

Detailed ways

(Example 1)

1, the present invention includes a primary vacuum chamber 116, a secondary vacuum chamber 117, a third vacuum chamber 118 and a fourth vacuum chamber 119 connected in sequence; the primary vacuum chamber 116 is provided with an ion source for generating sample ions to be tested, The primary ion transmission system 105 for transmitting the sample ions to be tested generated by the ion source and the vacuum pump ventilation interface 104 for introducing auxiliary gas; the ion source is loaded with a desolvation device 102 to improve the ionization efficiency; desolvation A capillary 101 is arranged through the chemical device 102; the primary ion transport system 105 is an ion funnel; the secondary vacuum chamber 117 is provided with an ion mobility spectrum 106 for separating isomers of the sample ions to be tested; The chamber 118 is provided with a secondary ion transmission system 107 for transmitting the sample ions to be tested generated by the ion source; the fourth-level vacuum chamber 119 is provided with an ion detector 109 and is used for mass analysis of the tested sample ions to obtain mass spectra The ion mass analyzer 108 shown in the figure; the ion detector 109 and the ion mass analyzer 108 are arranged correspondingly up and down. The first ion lens 113 is fixed at the channel position between the primary vacuum chamber 116 and the secondary vacuum chamber 117; the second ion lens 114 is arranged at the channel position between the secondary vacuum chamber 117 and the third vacuum chamber 118; the tertiary vacuum A third ion lens 115 is provided at the channel position between the chamber 118 and the fourth-stage vacuum chamber 119; the first ion lens 113, the second ion lens 114, and the third ion lens 115 are all provided with through holes for ions to pass through. .

An auxiliary gas heating and temperature control device 103 is provided at the position of the vacuum pump ventilation interface 104 .

The primary vacuum chamber 116 is provided with a first vacuum regulating valve 110 for controlling the pumping speed of the vacuum pump; the secondary vacuum chamber 117 is provided with a second vacuum regulating valve 111 for controlling the vacuum degree of the secondary vacuum chamber 117; the tertiary vacuum chamber 118 is provided with a third vacuum regulating valve 112 for controlling the vacuum degree of the third-stage vacuum chamber 118 .

In this embodiment, the ion mass analyzer 108 is specifically an ion trap mass analyzer, and the ion source selects the most commonly used open-type electrospray ionization ion source under normal pressure to generate a mixture of charged spray droplets and ions. The electrospray ionization source and the The capillary 101 running through the desolvation device 102 is connected; according to the experimental requirements, it is necessary to introduce some auxiliary gases, such as carbon dioxide, sulfur hexafluoride, argon, xenon, etc., on the side of the primary vacuum chamber 116, there is a vacuum pump ventilation interface 104 and the first A vacuum regulating valve 110 is used to control the air pressure of the primary vacuum chamber 116, which is adjusted according to the specific experimental vacuum requirements.

In the specific experimental process of this implementation, in the primary vacuum chamber 116, the charged spray droplets generated by the electrospray ionization source and the sample ions to be tested enter the ion mobility spectrum 106 through the primary ion transmission system 105 (ion funnel), and the sample Ions are separated according to their different structures and have different mobilities under the action of the electric field of the ion mobility spectrum. According to requirements, the vacuum degree of the secondary vacuum chamber 117 can be adjusted by controlling the second vacuum regulating valve 111, and the ion mobility spectrum 106 The separated ions enter into the secondary ion transmission system 107 (ion funnel) in turn for efficient transmission and focusing, which improves the transmission efficiency again and reduces the loss of the separated sample ions during transmission. The sample ions pass through the secondary ion transmission system. 107 is sequentially transferred to the ion mass analyzer 108 in the fourth-stage vacuum chamber 119 for analysis, and ions with different mass-to-charge ratios in the sample are ejected from the ion mass analyzer 108 in turn and detected by the ion detector 109 .

During the working process of the ion funnel in the primary vacuum chamber 116, in order to improve the transmission efficiency of the ion funnel, a gas such as carbon dioxide or sulfur hexafluoride is introduced into the primary vacuum chamber 116 where the ion funnel is located through the vacuum pump vent port 104, and a The auxiliary gas heating and temperature control device 103 for controlling the temperature adjustment, when the gas carbon dioxide is introduced, the auxiliary gas is heated and controlled to prevent the liquid at the tip of the capillary 101 of the electrospray ionization source from being caused by the low air pressure of the vacuum chamber 116. Drops solidify and damage.

(Example 2)

This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, and the difference lies in that: in the secondary ion transmission system 107, a multi-stage rod is used as the ion transmission system, and the multi-stage rod is a quadrupole, hexapole, octopole, ten Pole, Dodecapole, Hexapole, etc.

The ion mobility spectrum 106 is a differential ion mobility spectrum or a transfer tube ion mobility spectrum or a high field asymmetric waveform mobility spectrum.

The ion mass analyzer 108 is one of a quadrupole mass analyzer, a time-of-flight mass analyzer, an ion trap mass analyzer, a magnetic mass analyzer, a Fourier cyclotron resonance mass analyzer, an orbital ion trap mass analyzer, or variety.

(Example 3)

This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, the difference is that: the secondary ion transmission system 107 is a combination of an ion funnel and a multi-stage rod, and different ion transmission systems are used to improve the ion transmission efficiency, remove neutral molecules, and improve the instrument Sensitivity of the system.

(Example 4)

This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, the difference is that: the ion source is placed inside the primary vacuum chamber 116 and corresponding to the position of the capillary 101 passing through the desolvation device 102, and the ion source is an ion source with electrodes loaded with high voltage 125; the capillary 101 is connected to a volatile gas molecule generator placed outside the primary vacuum chamber 116. The sample is a volatile gas molecule that is introduced into the primary vacuum chamber 116 through the capillary 101, the electrode of the ion source is loaded with a high voltage, and a discharge is generated between the needle tip and the sample to generate sample ions to be tested.

(Example 5)

This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, the difference is that the end of the desolvation device 102 and the capillary 101 inside the primary vacuum chamber 116 is lower than the end outside the primary vacuum chamber 116, and the lower part of the desolvation device 102 A three-dimensional moving platform 120 with adjustable angle and distance is provided; a sample to be tested 121 is provided on the three-dimensional moving platform 120 corresponding to one end of the capillary 101 inside the primary vacuum chamber 116 .

The charged spray droplets generated by the electrospray ionization source are sputtered on the sample to be tested 121, and the sample to be tested 121 sputters after the collision of the high-speed droplets to generate gas-phase ions, and the sample ions to be tested are efficiently transmitted through the ion funnel, wherein the The angle and distance of the test sample 121 are adjusted through the three-dimensional moving platform 120. During the experiment, the specific signal intensity can be observed in real time according to the different ionization conditions of the test sample to implement the adjustment of the test sample 121 and the electrospray. The distance and angle of the ionization source and ion funnel make the experimental conditions optimal.

(Example 6)

This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that: the fourth-stage vacuum chamber 119 is further provided with an ion gate 124, a time-of-flight mass spectrometer 122 and a second ion detector 123; the ion gate 124 corresponds to the ion mass analyzer 108 The second ion detector 123 is arranged on the side of the ion mass analyzer 108 away from the third-stage vacuum chamber 118; the time-of-flight mass spectrometer 122 is arranged below the ion gate 124 and the second ion detector 123, and is connected with The ion gate 124 and the second ion detector 123 are arranged in an inverted "fret" shape.

In order to analyze in the field of trace samples and improve the sensitivity of the instrument, the sample ions are stored in the ion mass analyzer 108 for a certain period of time, and then the ions are excited, and part of the excited ions enter the ion detector 109, which can be directly analyzed. Another part of the ions enter the flight tube of the time-of-flight mass spectrometer 122 through the ion gate 124, and finally reach the second ion detector 123. The change of the structure is mainly for the analysis of the ions of trace components in the sample to be tested, and it is necessary to The ions are stored to improve the sensitivity. On the other hand, according to the detection requirements, when high-resolution detection of the sample to be tested is required, the time-of-flight mass spectrometry in the instrument structure can be used for high-resolution detection.

In the content of the present invention and in the specific embodiments, in the low vacuum, after the ion source generates ions, it directly enters the primary ion transport system, and the ions can reach the ion funnel with almost 100% efficiency, thereby improving the ionization rate. efficiency and ion transmission efficiency, further improving the sensitivity of the entire device.

The specific embodiments described above further describe the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in further detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A device for ion generation, transmission and mass spectrometry in a low-vacuum system, characterized in that it comprises a primary vacuum chamber (116), a secondary vacuum chamber (117), and a tertiary vacuum chamber (118) that are connected in sequence and a fourth-stage vacuum chamber (119); the primary vacuum chamber (116) is provided with an ion source for generating sample ions to be tested, and a primary ion transmission system (105 for transmitting sample ions to be tested generated by the ion source) ) and a vacuum pump ventilation interface (104) for introducing auxiliary gas; a desolvation device (102) is loaded on the ion source; a capillary (101) is provided through the desolvation device (102); The primary ion transport system (105) is an ion funnel; The secondary vacuum chamber (117) is provided with an ion mobility spectrum (106) for separating the isomers of the sample ions to be tested; The tertiary vacuum chamber (118) is provided with a secondary ion transmission system (107) for transmitting the sample ions to be tested generated by the ion source; The fourth-stage vacuum chamber (119) is provided with an ion detector (109) and an ion mass analyzer (108) for performing mass analysis on the measured sample ions and obtaining a mass spectrum; the ion detector (109) Set up and down corresponding to the ion mass analyzer (108); A first ion lens (113) is fixed at the channel position between the primary vacuum chamber (116) and the secondary vacuum chamber (117); between the secondary vacuum chamber (117) and the third vacuum chamber (118) A second ion lens (114) is arranged at the channel position of the third ion lens (115); the channel position between the third-stage vacuum chamber (118) and the fourth-stage vacuum chamber (119) is provided with a third ion lens (115); A through hole for ions to pass through is formed in the middle of the first ion lens (113), the second ion lens (114), and the third ion lens (115). 2 . The device for ion generation, transmission and mass spectrometry in a low vacuum system according to claim 1 , wherein an auxiliary gas heating and temperature control device ( 103 ) is provided at the position of the vacuum pump ventilation interface ( 104 ). 3 . 3. The device for ion generation, transmission and mass spectrometry in a low vacuum system according to claim 2, wherein the primary vacuum chamber (116) is provided with a first vacuum regulator for controlling the pumping speed of the vacuum pump valve (110); the secondary vacuum chamber (117) is provided with a second vacuum regulating valve (111) for controlling the vacuum degree of the secondary vacuum chamber (117); the tertiary vacuum chamber (118) is provided with There is a third vacuum regulator valve (112) for controlling the vacuum level of the tertiary vacuum chamber (118). 4. The device for ion generation, transmission and mass spectrometry in a low vacuum system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the ion source is an electrospray placed outside the primary vacuum chamber (116). An ionization source; the electrospray ionization source is connected to a capillary (101) running through the desolvation device (102). 5. The device for ion generation, transmission and mass spectrometry in a low vacuum system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the ion source is placed inside the primary vacuum chamber (116), and corresponds to the The position of the capillary (101) of the desolvation device (102) is set, and the electrodes of the ion source are loaded with high voltage; the capillary (101) is connected to a volatile gas molecule generator placed outside the primary vacuum chamber (116). 6. The device for ion generation, transmission and mass spectrometry in a low vacuum system according to claim 4, characterized in that: the desolvation device (102) and the capillary (101) are located in the primary vacuum chamber (116) One end inside is lower than the end located outside the primary vacuum chamber (116), and a three-dimensional moving platform (120) with adjustable angle and distance is arranged below the desolvation device (102); the three-dimensional moving platform (120) A sample to be tested (121) is provided at one end of the upper corresponding capillary (101) located inside the primary vacuum chamber (116). 7. The device for ion generation, transmission and mass spectrometry in a low vacuum system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the fourth-stage vacuum chamber (119) is further provided with an ion gate (124), A time-of-flight mass spectrometer (122) and a second ion detector (123); the ion gate (124) is arranged at a position below the ion mass analyzer (108); the second ion detector (123) is arranged at the ion The side of the mass analyzer (108) away from the tertiary vacuum chamber (118); the time-of-flight mass spectrometer (122) is arranged below the ion gate (124) and the second ion detector (123), and is connected with the ion The gate (124) and the second ion detector (123) are arranged in the shape of an inverted "fret". 8 . The device for combining ion generation, transmission and mass spectrometry in a low vacuum system according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the ion mobility spectrum is differential ion mobility spectrum or transfer tube ion mobility spectrum or high field ion mobility spectrum. 9 . Asymmetric Waveform Migration Spectrum. 9. The device for ion generation, transmission and mass spectrometry in a low vacuum system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the secondary ion transmission system (107) is an ion lens, a multipole, an ion one or more of the funnels. 10. The device for ion generation, transmission and mass spectrometry in a low vacuum system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the ion mass analyzer (108) is a quadrupole mass analyzer, a time-of-flight One or more of mass analyzers, ion trap mass analyzers, magnetic mass analyzers, Fourier cyclotron resonance mass analyzers, orbital ion trap mass analyzers.

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