CN111418489A - Artificial cross pollination method for xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an artificial hybridization pollination method of shinyleaf yellowhorn, which comprises the following steps: step S1, selecting a hybridization male parent and a hybridization female parent; step S2, collecting the male energetic flowers of the male parent one day before blooming, drying the anthers on parchment paper in the shade, screening out the anthers after the anthers crack and shed pollen, and storing the pollen for 1-2 days at normal temperature; s3, selecting a strong-developed terminal inflorescence as a pollination object, sleeving the selected terminal inflorescence into a parchment paper bag before flowering, removing the male energetic flowers and the opened female energetic flowers on the inflorescence, and only leaving the female energetic flowers in a consistent development state; step S4, pollinating the female parent in the optimal pollination period; and step S5, continuously covering the sulfuric acid paper bags after pollination, and observing the development process of the fruits. The invention can ensure effective pollination of the shinyleaf yellowhorn and avoid pollution of other pollen. The problem of the peak of the first fruit drop of the existing shinyleaf yellowhorn caused by poor pollination and fertilization is solved, the fruit setting rate is improved, the quality of fruits and seeds is improved, the cost is low in the implementation process, and the implementation is easy.

Description

A kind of artificial hybrid pollination method of Wenguan fruit

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of planting and maintenance of Fructus Fructus, in particular to a method for artificial hybridization and pollination of Fructus Fructus.

Background technique

The growth of population and the development of industrialization have made the energy and environmental problems facing human beings more and more prominent. The search for renewable and clean energy is a major trend in the development of all countries in the world. As a special kind of renewable energy, biomass energy has the characteristics of environmental protection, low cost, safety and continuous stability, and is favored by countries all over the world. Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge is a plant of the Sapindaceae family, and is one of the few biomass liquid fuel tree species suitable for key development in northern my country. The oil content of the seed kernel is as high as 67%, and the content of unsaturated fatty acid is as high as 93%, which is an excellent raw material for the production of biodiesel. Moreover, the linoleic acid and linolenic acid in the oil can soften blood vessels, eliminate blood clots, and reduce blood lipids and cholesterol. Wenguan fruit oil is also one of the few edible oils found to contain nervonic acid, and the content is as high as 3 to 5%. Nervous acid can promote the proliferation and differentiation of brain nerve cells, restore the activity of nerve endings, and improve brain function. It is used to treat senile dementia, brain atrophy, insomnia, forgetfulness and other brain diseases. Therefore, Wenguan fruit oil has a very high health value. In addition, the peel of Wenguan fruit can extract saponins, and can also make activated carbon and high-grade feed; the seeds can also extract medicinal components. Therefore, its comprehensive utilization industry has broad prospects for development.

However, due to the lack of intensive cultivation techniques and the low level of management, and the biological characteristics of Wenguan fruit such as a low proportion of female flowers and self-incompatibility, low yield has become the main limiting factor for the development and utilization of seeds and fruits. During the growth and development of Wenguanguo fruit, there are two peak periods of fruit drop. The first time is about a week after fruit setting. Poor pollination and fertilization lead to a large number of fruit abortions. The second time is about one month after fruit setting, when new shoots start. During budding growth, due to the competition between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, the lack of nutrient supply to the tree leads to the loss of some fruits. At present, natural pollination is mostly used in the cultivation of Wenguan fruit, the yield is unstable, the quality of seeds cannot be guaranteed, and there is a phenomenon of large and small years. Therefore, the promotion of artificial pollination technology can improve the quality of pollination and fertilization and the fruit setting rate of Wenguan fruit, thereby increasing the yield of seeds. It is of great help and is of great significance to speeding up the development and utilization of its seeds.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for artificial hybridization and pollination of Fructus Fructus, which can ensure the effective pollination of Fructus Fructus, avoid other pollen pollution, and alleviate the first problem caused by poor pollination and fertilization of Fructus Radix. The problem of a peak fruit drop period increases the fruit setting rate, improves the quality of fruits and seeds, and is low in cost and easy to implement in the implementation process.

The present invention is achieved in this way: a kind of artificial hybridization pollination method of Wenguan fruit, comprising:

Step S1, select hybrid parental;

Step S2, male parent pollen collection and storage: collect the male flower of the day before the male parent plant blooms, get the anthers on sulfuric acid paper and dry in the shade, after observing that the anthers crack and scatter the pollen, the anthers after the loose powder are sifted out, and the pollen is reserved for subsequent use. ;

Step S3, the selection of female parent inflorescence and bagging: select the well-developed top inflorescence as the pollination object, put the selected top inflorescence in a sulfuric acid paper bag before flowering, remove the male flower on the inflorescence and the open female energy. Flowers, only female flowers with the same development status are left during pollination;

Step S4, pollinating the female parent in the best pollination period;

Step S5, continue to put sulfuric acid paper bags after pollination, and observe the fruit development process.

Further, the step S2 is specifically as follows: collecting the male flowers on the male parent one day before flowering, taking the anthers and drying them in the shade on sulfuric acid paper, and observing that there is yellow pollen on the sulfuric acid paper, that is, the anthers are cracked to scatter the pollen, and the sulfuric acid paper is folded. Form a closed space, shake vigorously to separate the pollen from the anthers, unfold the sulfuric acid paper, sieve out the anthers after the loose powder, put the pollen into a vial, and store it at room temperature for 1 to 2 days.

Further, in the step S3, after removing the male flowers and the female flowers that have opened for the first time, then open the paper bag for inspection every day, remove the male flowers, until all the flowers on the inflorescence are fully opened, and ensure that there is no male flowers in the paper bag. flower.

Further, in the step S4, the specific method for mastering the optimal pollination period is as follows: open the paper bag every day after bagging for inspection, and on the first day after the opening of the stigma in the sulfuric acid paper bag, pollination is observed when the stigma secretes a large amount of mucus, and Avoid windy weather.

Further, in the step S4, the specific operation of pollination is: use a fine brush to point each stigma, and smear each stigma back and forth multiple times until yellow pollen can be clearly seen on each stigma, and after pollination, Use a marker to mark the pollinated bottom of the stalk of the female flower. Open the bag and check every day, pollinate the newly opened female flowers, and mark them until all the female flowers on the inflorescence are open and pollinated.

Further, in the step S4, during pollination, the same brush is used for pollen of the same male parent.

Further, the specific operation process of the step S5 is as follows: after pollination, carefully put on the sulfuric acid paper bag, observe the development of the ovary every day, and remove the sulfuric acid paper bag after 7 days after pollination, after all the stigmas of the female energy lose their pollination activity.

The present invention has the following advantages: the present invention determines the best time for collecting pollen, improves the method for collecting pollen, and selects normal temperature storage, which reduces the production cost while ensuring the pollen vigor and pollination effect; All male flowers were collected and pollinated in the best pollination period of each female flower. After pollination, bagging was carried out for 7 days to avoid other pollen contamination and alleviate the existing problems caused by poor pollination and fertilization of the existing Wenguan fruit. The problem of the first fruit drop peak period improves the initial fruit setting rate and the final fruit setting rate, the size and weight of the seeds are significantly increased, and only sulfuric acid paper bags, vials and writing brushes are needed during the implementation process, which is low in cost, simple in operation, and easy to use. Mastered and implemented by the producer.

Detailed ways

The embodiment of the present invention provides an artificial hybrid pollination method of Fructus Radix, which can ensure the effective pollination of Fructus Radix, avoid other pollen pollution, and alleviate the first fruit drop caused by poor pollination and fertilization of Fructus Radix. The technical problems in the peak period have improved the fruit setting rate and improved the quality of fruits and seeds. The implementation process is low in cost and easy to implement.

The technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the general idea is as follows: select the hybrid male parent, pollen collection and storage; the female parent inflorescence is bagged and emasculated; the female parent is pollinated at the best pollination period; Sulfuric acid paper bag, and observe the fruit development process.

In order to better understand the above technical solutions, the above technical solutions are described in detail below with specific embodiments.

The present embodiment provides a kind of artificial hybridization pollination method of Fructus Radix, comprising the following steps:

Step S1, selecting a hybrid parental parent; selecting a clone with stable and high yield, healthy growth, excellent fruit economic properties, and a moderate number of inflorescences in the current year as the parental parent. The male parent is required to bloom a little earlier than the female parent in order to collect pollen in advance. Mark the selected trees and observe blooming dynamics daily. Fertilize and irrigate regularly during the test period to ensure sufficient nutrient supply for the selected trees.

Step S2, male parent pollen collection and storage: collect male flower on the day before flowering on male parent, male flower is a flower with 2 filaments elongated and pistil degenerated, and the anther is picked with a dissecting needle or tweezers, Take the anthers and dry them in the shade on the sulfuric acid paper, until the anthers are observed to crack and release the pollen, that is, the anthers crack and release the pollen, fold the sulfuric acid paper into a closed space, shake vigorously to separate the pollen from the anthers, unfold the sulfuric acid paper, and remove the powdered anthers. Sieve out, transfer the pollen to a vial, store at room temperature for 1-2 days (the average temperature during the test is 19.5°C), and use it for later use.

Step S3, the selection and bagging of the female parent inflorescence: select the robust top inflorescence on the plant as the female parent for pollination. Since the flowers on the racemes open from the bottom to the top, and the bottom of the top inflorescence is mostly female flowers, and the fruit setting rate is high, the female flowers at the bottom are bagged before they open, and the male flowers are removed before bagging. Flowers and female flowers that have opened, open the sulfuric acid paper bag every morning after bagging, and remove the discernible male flowers until all male flowers are completely removed. Since the anthers of the female flowers cannot be dehiscent and powdery, the female flowers do not require stamenectomy. Be careful not to break or trap new shoots under the inflorescence when bagging. Since the top inflorescence has a large number of female flowers, sufficient nutrient supply, and a high success rate of pollination and fertilization, while the lateral inflorescence is basically male flowers, only the top inflorescence is selected for pollination to reduce labor costs.

Step S4, pollinate the female parent at the optimum pollination period; the specific method for mastering the optimum pollination period is: open the paper bag every day after bagging for inspection, and on the first day when the stigma in the sulfuric acid paper bag opens, when the stigma is observed to secrete a large amount of mucus At this time, the female flower is in the best pollination period. If the stigma turns brown, the stigma is not receptive and cannot be pollinated. Avoid strong winds when pollinating.

The specific operation of pollination is: use a fine brush to point each stigma, and pollinate each stigma back and forth multiple times, with little attention, to avoid the stigma from being broken or bruised, until the yellow color can be clearly seen on each stigma. For pollen, use a marker to mark the pollinated bottom of the flower stalk of the female flower after pollination. Since the flowering time of the female flowers on the inflorescence is inconsistent, open the bag every day to check, pollinate the newly opened female flowers, and mark the pollinated flowers until all the female flowers on the inflorescence are open and pollinated. When pollinating, use the same brush for pollen from the same male parent and do not mix them to ensure that the pollen pollen will not be polluted.

Step S5: Continue to put the sulfuric acid paper bag after pollination, open the bag every day to check and remove androgenic flowers that are about to open, and observe the development of the ovary every day. The obvious swelling of the ovary means that the pollination and fertilization are successful, and the ovary is slightly enlarged. The pollination and fertilization failed. Seven days after pollination, it was observed that all the female stigmas on the inflorescence wilted and turned brown. At this time, the stigma lost its pollination activity, and the sulfuric acid paper bag could be removed.

Example 1: Artificial pollination with pollen stored at room temperature for 1 d (day)

Twelve plants of Wenguanguo No. 10 clone were selected as the female parent for artificial pollination. In order to avoid the influence caused by the difference in the compatibility of different male and female parents, mixed pollination was designed, and No. 14, No. 15, No. 16 and No. 16 were selected. The mixed pollen of clone 119 was stored at room temperature for 1 day before mixed pollination. Because Wenguan fruit has self-incompatibility, self-pollination is not designed. Repeat pollination of 100 female flowers for each pollination combination with 3 repetitions.

Example 2: Manual pollination with pollen stored at room temperature for 2 days

Twelve plants of the Wenguanguo No. 10 clone were selected as the female parent for artificial pollination, and the mixed pollen from the same source stored at room temperature for 2 days was selected for artificial pollination. Repeat pollination of 100 female flowers for each pollination combination with 3 repetitions.

The 12 plants of clone No. 10 were selected without any pollination treatment, so that they were naturally pollinated as the control, so there were 36 test trees in total.

15d after pollination, the first physiological fruit drop period was over, and the initial fruit setting rate of all plants was counted (total number of fruit set/number of pollinated flowers × 100%). The second fruit drop period 22 days before picking ends, the fruit setting rate (number of remaining fruits/number of pollinated flowers × 100%) before harvesting is counted, and the final fruit setting rate (ripe fruit/number of pollinated flowers × 100%) is counted before fruit harvesting. .

After the fruit is harvested, use a vernier caliper to measure the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the fruit, and the transverse, lateral and longitudinal diameters of the seeds, count the number of seeds per fruit, and use an electronic balance to measure the weight of the fruit and the weight of 100 seeds.

The test results are as follows:

It can be seen from Table 1 that artificial pollination significantly improved the initial fruit setting rate, the 22-day pre-harvest fruit setting rate and the final fruit setting rate. Among them, artificial pollination with pollen preserved for 1 day and preserved for 2 days made the initial fruit setting rate 20.15% and 13.34% higher than that of natural pollination, respectively. Although the fruit drop rates were higher, the final fruit setting rate was 7.53% and 6.93% higher than that of natural pollination, respectively. %. The natural pollination rate of Fructus radix is usually about 2%, indicating that artificial pollination of Fructus Fructus radix can significantly increase the seed yield, and the pollen vigor and yield increase effect is better after 1 day of storage at room temperature.

Table 1 Analysis of variance (%) of the effects of artificial pollination and natural pollination on the fruit setting rate of Wenguan fruit in different periods

Note: ** indicates a significant difference at the 0.01 level.

It can be seen from Table 2 that artificial pollination has a significant effect on fruit weight, fruit transverse diameter and fruit longitudinal diameter, and has a very significant effect on the number of seeds per fruit. Compared with natural pollination, artificial pollination with pollen stored at room temperature for 1 day and 2 days increased the fruit weight by 7.76g (23.23%) and 5.55g (16.62%), and the transverse diameter of the fruit by 7.27g (14.92%) and 7.27%, respectively. 4.51g (9.23%), the longitudinal diameter of the fruit was increased by 6.72g (14.89%) and 3.60g (7.98%), and the number of seeds per fruit was increased by 7.42g (52.07%) and 5.28g (37.05%).

It indicated that the pollen vigor and pollination effect were better when stored at room temperature for 1 day, and artificial pollination could significantly improve the yield and characters of Wenguan fruit. This is because artificial pollination can select the pollen with the highest vigor and conduct effective pollination at the time when the stigma is most receptive, so the pollination and fertilization rate is higher, and the quality of pollination and fertilization is good, so that the grown fruit is larger, which provides the seeds for the growth of seeds. More space for growth was obtained, which ultimately increased the seed yield of Wenguanguo.

Table 2 Effects of artificial pollination and natural pollination on fruit weight, size and number of seeds per fruit

Note: ** means significant difference at 0.01 level; * means significant difference at 0.05 level.

It can be seen from Table 3 that artificial pollination has a very significant effect on seed lateral diameter, seed longitudinal diameter and 100-grain weight, but has no significant effect on seed lateral diameter. It shows that artificial pollination with pollen stored at room temperature for 1d and 2d can significantly increase the lateral diameter, longitudinal diameter and 100-grain weight of seeds. Combined with the results in Table 2, it can be seen that the longitudinal diameter of the fruit of Wenguan fruit increases, and the seeds of each fruit Number, seed size and seed weight were significantly increased. It shows that artificial pollination can provide high-quality and sufficient pollen sources for the female flowers of C. vulgaris, and the pollen vigor that is stored for 1 day at room temperature is higher. Therefore, pollination with the pollen stored for 1 day has the best effect of increasing yield, which is beneficial to the improvement of production practice. Income.

Table 3 Variance analysis of artificial pollination and natural pollination on seed traits

Note: ** means significant difference at 0.01 level; NS means not significant difference.

By improving the method of collecting and collecting pollen, the embodiments of the present invention ensure the pollen vigor, and can ensure the effective pollination of the crown fruit; all male flowers are removed through multiple inspections, and the optimal pollination of each female flower is carried out. Pollination is carried out during the period of pollination, bagging after pollination for 7 days, avoiding other pollen pollution, alleviating the problem of the first peak of fruit drop caused by poor pollination and fertilization in the production of Chinese crown fruit, improving the fruit setting rate, and improving the fruit and seeds. quality. In the implementation process, only sulfuric acid paper bags, vials and writing brushes are needed, the cost is low, the operation is simple, and it is easy to be mastered and realized by the producers.

Although the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, those skilled in the art should understand that the specific embodiments we describe are only illustrative, rather than used to limit the scope of the present invention. Equivalent modifications and changes made by a skilled person in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. An artificial hybridization pollination method of shinyleaf yellowhorn, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

step S1, selecting a hybridization male parent and a hybridization female parent;

step S2, collecting and storing pollen of male parents: collecting the male energetic flower of the male parent one day before blooming, drying the anther on parchment paper in the shade, screening out the anther after pollen scattering after the anther cracks and pollen scatters, and reserving the pollen for later use;

step S3, selecting female parent inflorescences and bagging: selecting a strong developing terminal inflorescence as a pollination object, sleeving the selected terminal inflorescence into a parchment paper bag before blooming, removing male energetic flowers and opened female energetic flowers on the inflorescence, and only leaving the female energetic flowers in a consistent development state during pollination;

step S4, pollinating the female parent in the optimal pollination period;

and step S5, continuously sleeving the sulfuric acid paper bags after pollination, removing the paper bags after all the female energetic stigma withers, and observing the development process of the fruits.

2. The artificial cross pollination method of xanthoceras sorbifolia as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step S2 is specifically: collecting the male energetic flowers of the male parent one day before blooming, taking the anthers, drying in the shade on parchment paper, observing that yellow pollen exists on the parchment paper, namely the anthers crack and shed pollen, folding the parchment paper into a closed space, forcibly shaking to separate the pollen from the anthers, unfolding the parchment paper, screening out the anthers after shedding pollen, filling the pollen into a penicillin bottle, and storing for 1-2 days at normal temperature.

3. The artificial cross pollination method of xanthoceras sorbifolia as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S3, after the first removal of the stamina flowers and the female flowers that have already opened, the paper bag is opened daily for inspection to remove the stamina flowers until all the flowers on the inflorescence are completely opened, thereby ensuring that no stamina flowers are in the paper bag.

4. The artificial cross pollination method of xanthoceras sorbifolia as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S4, the specific method for grasping the optimal pollination period is as follows: after bagging, the paper bag is opened every day for inspection, the female flowers in the parchment paper bag are opened for the first day, and pollination is carried out when the stigma is observed to secrete a large amount of mucus, and the weather of strong wind is avoided.

5. The artificial cross pollination method of xanthoceras sorbifolia as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S4, the specific operations of pollination are: and (3) point-pollinating each stigma by using a thin brush pen, smearing each stigma repeatedly until yellow pollen can be obviously seen on each stigma, and marking the pollinated flower stem bottom with a mark pen after pollination. Checking bag opening every day, pollinating newly opened female energetic flowers, and marking until all the female energetic flowers on the inflorescence are opened and pollinated.

6. The artificial cross pollination method of xanthoceras sorbifolia as claimed in claim 5, wherein: in the step S4, the same brush pen is used for the same male parent pollen when pollinating.

7. The artificial cross pollination method of xanthoceras sorbifolia as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the specific operation process of step S5 is: after pollination, sulfuric acid paper bags are carefully sleeved, the development condition of the ovary is observed every day, and 7 days after pollination, all the female stigma loses the pollination activity and then the sulfuric acid paper bags are removed.