CN111407682B - 一种化妆品防腐剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种化妆品防腐剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于化妆品领域。本发明公开了一种化妆品防腐剂及其制备方法和应用,所述化妆品防腐剂包含复盆子酮、脱氢乙酸钠、二元醇和增溶剂,不含甲醛释放体,不含尼泊金酯,不含异噻唑啉酮,具有广谱的抑菌杀菌能力。所述化妆品防腐剂应用于化妆品中,不但能够起到良好的防腐效果,还可以减少防腐剂的用量;对皮肤温和刺激性小,尤其适用于敏感肌肤。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化妆品领域,涉及一种化妆品防腐剂,具体来说涉及一种不含尼泊金酯的化妆品防腐剂。
背景技术
化妆品富含水、油脂,是微生物生长的培养基,有效抑制微长物生长,又不使用于皮肤的化妆品产生刺激是本领域技术人员追求的目标。
目前传统的办法是添加防腐剂,以确保货架期中化妆品的质量稳定。传统的化妆品防腐剂存在着刺激性大、毒性大的缺点,有些成份甚至对人体产生副作用,如尼泊金酯。欧盟的一项研究表明尼泊金酯会使人体内分泌紊乱,低剂量的尼泊金酯可影响发育并产生生殖毒性;中等剂量的尼泊金酯对大脑、神经系统和行为模式都会有影响。相关法规也不断更新,有些规定了一些传统防腐剂更低的限量要求。例如EC 1223/2009规定羟苯丙酯和羟苯丁酯不得超过0.14%(以酸计),且禁止用于3岁以下儿童尿布区域的免洗型产品。(EU)No1004/2014规定甲基氯异噻唑啉酮和甲基异噻唑啉酮(CMIT/MIT)仅限于洗去型化妆品使用,且最大剂量为15 ppm。
随着越来越严格的法规出台,以及“无尼泊金酯”、“无甲醛释放体”环保理念,化妆品的防腐面临极大的机遇和挑战。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种安全有效的化妆品防腐剂,其包含覆盆子酮、脱氢乙酸钠、二元醇和增溶剂。
覆盆子酮,化学名称为4-对羟基苯基-2-丁酮,它天然存在于覆盆子汁中,是覆盆子香气的重要成分,具有甜润的、覆盆子似的果香香气,广泛用于各种食品香精中和日化香精的调配中,是一种天然等同的食品添加剂。脱氢乙酸钠是一种食品防腐剂、保鲜剂。它对食品中的酵母菌、腐败菌、霉菌有着较强的抑菌作用,广泛应用于肉类、鱼类、蔬菜类、水果类、饮料类、糕点类等的防腐、保鲜,是新型广谱抑菌剂。
在一些实施例中,所述复盆子酮占所述防腐组合物的10-40%,所述脱氢乙酸钠占5-30%,所述二元醇占15-75%和所述增溶剂占1-10%。
在一些实施例中,在使用盆子酮和脱氢乙酸钠的防腐剂时,还可以添加其它防腐剂,包含且不限于苯氧乙醇、苯丙醇、乙基己基甘油等,以达到协同增效且减少防腐剂总添加量的效果。
在一些实施例中,所述二元醇包含但不限于丙二醇、丁二醇、戊二醇、己二醇、辛二醇、癸二醇和聚乙二醇中的一种或几种。
在一些实施例中,所述增溶剂包含但不限于失水山梨醇类、聚氧乙烯类、烷醇聚醚类、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚类、POE蓖麻油或氢化蓖麻油衍生物、脂肪酸酯类、蔗糖脂肪酸酯类或烷基糖苷类中的一种或几种。
本发明还提供所述化妆品防腐剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将复盆子酮、脱氢乙酸钠和二元醇在45-85℃条件下混合搅拌溶解并混合均匀,然后降温至40-55℃并加入增溶剂搅拌,得到化妆品防腐剂。
本发明还提供所述化妆品防腐剂在化妆品中的应用,所述化妆品防腐剂的添加量为0.5-3.0%。
在一些实施例中,在化妆品中的应用时,化妆品的pH值为3 .5-8.0。
在一些实施例中,所述化妆品为个人护理用品、孕婴护理用品和家居洗涤用品。
在一些实施例中,所述化妆品为护肤霜,配方如下:
有益效果
覆盆子酮和脱氢乙酸钠这两种成分均是天然等同的食品添加剂,安全、有效且适用于“无尼泊金酯”、“无甲醛释放体”的宣称,但目前尚未见其抑菌功效的相关报道。
本发明所提供化妆品防腐剂,对革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌、霉菌、酵母菌具有有效地抑制杀灭作用。该防腐剂不含甲醛释放体,不含尼泊金酯,不含异噻唑啉酮,具有广谱的抑菌杀菌能力。该防腐剂应用于化妆品中不但能够起到良好的防腐效果,还可以减少防腐剂的用量;对皮肤温和刺激性小,尤其适用于敏感肌肤
本发明所提供的化妆品防腐剂的制备方法,由于覆盆子酮熔点高且不溶于水,因此限制了其实际应用,通过本制备方法而得的组合物,可以方便应用于实际生产中。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式进一步描述本发明,但本发明不仅仅限于以下实施例。在本发明的范围内或者在不脱离本发明的内容、精神和范围内,对本发明进行适当改进、替换功效相同的组分,对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明的范围之内。
一、本发明的化妆品防腐剂
防腐剂的制备
将各组分按不同配比按如下制备方法制备本发明防腐剂,将复盆子酮、脱氢乙酸钠和二元醇在45-85℃条件下混合搅拌溶解并混合均匀后,再降温至40-55℃后,加入增溶剂搅拌,即得到本发明防腐剂。各成分及含量如下表1所示:
表1. 本发明防腐剂各成分的含量配比(重量份)
防腐剂的稳定性测试
分别在高温、低温、高低温交替及室温下静置,待恢复至室温后,观察溶液状态、透明性、有无沉淀分层等,来测试本发明防腐剂的稳定性。
高温稳定性:在45±1℃下静置3个月
低温稳定性:在-5~-10℃下静置一周
高低温交替稳定性:在45±1℃下静置24小时后,转至-5~-10℃下静置24小时后,再在45±1℃下静置24小时后,又转至-5~-10℃下静置24小时后,如此往复持续1周。
室温稳定性:在25℃下静置3个月离心稳定性:3000 rpm,30 min,考察有无分层。
结果见下表2。
表2
实施例 | 高温 | 低温 | 高低温交替 | 室温 | 离心 |
1 | 分层 | 析出结晶 | 分层 | 浑浊不透明 | 分层 |
2 | 分层 | 析出结晶 | 分层 | 浑浊不透明 | 分层 |
3 | 分层 | 析出结晶 | 分层 | 透明均一 | 分层 |
4 | 分层 | 析出结晶 | 分层 | 透明均一 | 分层 |
5 | 透明均一 | 透明均一 | 透明均一 | 透明均一 | 透明均一 |
6 | 透明均一 | 透明均一 | 透明均一 | 透明均一 | 透明均一 |
7 | 透明均一 | 透明均一 | 透明均一 | 透明均一 | 透明均一 |
8 | 分层 | 析出结晶 | 分层 | 透明 | 分层 |
9 | 透明均一 | 透明均一 | 透明均一 | 透明均一 | 透明均一 |
10 | 透明均一 | 透明均一 | 透明均一 | 透明均一 | 透明均一 |
11 | 分层 | 透明均一 | 分层 | 透明均一 | 分层 |
由上述结果可以看出实施例5、实施例6、实施例7、实施例9和实施例10具有很好的稳定性。提高增溶剂的比例并且使用复配增溶剂可以提高稳定性。
化妆品防腐剂在水中的分散性和稳定性评价
首先制备化妆品防腐剂的分散系,将所述实施例5、实施例6、实施例7、实施例9和实施例10与纯化水混合,混合比例为3:97,观察分散性和溶解性,并于24小时后观察溶液有无沉淀,结果见下表3。
表3. 溶解分散性评价
实验项目 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 | 实施例7 | 实施例9 | 实施例10 |
溶解分散性 | 分散性、溶解性好 | 分散性、溶解性好 | 分散性、溶解性好 | 分散性、溶解性好 | 分散性、溶解性好 |
24小时后 | 无沉淀 | 无沉淀 | 无沉淀 | 无沉淀 | 无沉淀 |
由上述结果可以看出实施例5、实施例6、实施例7、实施例9和实施例10能很好的分散水中。
化妆品防腐剂的安全性评价(人体皮肤斑贴实验)
一、试验品:实施例5、实施例6、实施例7、实施例9、实施例10
受试人群
性别数目:女12人,男10人
年龄:22~40岁之间
健康状况:受试者皮肤健康、无皮肤病过敏史,符合受试者志愿入选标准。
二、斑贴方法:选用合格的斑试器,以封闭式斑贴实验方式,将试验品约0.05g滴于斑试器内,外用专用胶带贴覆于受试者背部,每个受试者10个涂布点,24小时后去除受试物,分别去除后 0.5、24、48小时观察皮肤反应,按照《化妆品卫生规范》中皮肤反应分级标准(表4)并评分,计算平均值。同时做空白对照。试验结果见表5。
表4.人体皮肤开放型斑贴试验标准表
反应程度 | 评分 | 皮肤临床评判标准 |
<i>--</i> | 0 | 阴性反应 |
± | 1 | 微弱红斑、皮肤干燥、皱褶 |
<i>+</i> | 2 | 红斑、水肿、丘疹、风团、脱屑、裂隙 |
<i>++</i> | 3 | 明显红斑、水肿、水疱 |
<i>+++</i> | 4 | 重度红斑、水肿、大疱、糜烂、色素沉着 |
表5.皮肤斑贴实验评分结果
实施例 | 0.5h | 24h | 48h |
实施例5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
实施例6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
实施例7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
实施例9 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
实施例10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
空白组 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
从表5试验结果可以看出实施例5、实施例6、实施例7、实施例9对皮肤无明显的刺激性。实施例10对皮肤均有轻微的刺激性。但在实际生产中,防腐剂添加量很小,涂布于皮肤而残留量更小,所以刺激性会更小。
最小抑菌浓度(Minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)的测定
按照《消毒技术规范》2017年版中的检测方法,检测实施例5、实施例6、实施例7、实施例9和实施例10的最低抑菌浓度(Minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)。结果见表6。
表6.最小抑菌浓度(MIC)
由表6结果可知,实施例5、实施例6、实施例7、实施例9和实施例10的抑菌效果突出,尤其是实施例6,较少的用量就可以良好的抑菌效果。
一、本发明化妆品防腐剂的应用
应用例1 护肤霜
本应用例的配方如下表7所示。
表7. 护肤霜配方,按重量份计
该护肤霜制备工艺如下:
a .将A相各组分加热至80℃,搅拌10-30分钟至完全溶解混匀;
b .将B相各组分加热至80℃,搅拌10-30分钟至完全溶解混匀;
c .将B相泵入至乳化锅,再将A相慢慢泵入至乳化锅,均质10-20分钟;
d .料体冷却降温至45℃,加入C相,均质3分钟;降至室温。
f.用柠檬酸调剂pH至6-7.0。
应用例2 精华液
本应用例的配方如下表8所示。
表8. 精华液配方,按重量份计
该精华液制备工艺如下:
a .将卡波940预先溶胀,配制成2%水溶液。
b .将A相各组分加热至75℃,搅拌10-30分钟至完全溶解混匀;
c .A相降温至45℃,加入B相,搅拌均匀;
d .加入C相,搅拌均匀;降至室温。
f.用柠檬酸调剂pH至6-7.0。
防腐挑战测试
主要依据美国ASTM E640-06(2012)《Standard Test Method for Preservativesin Water-Containing Cosmetics》和欧洲药典5.1.3《Efficacy of antimicrobialpreservation》。
1. 检测机构:德亚生物科技有限公司微生物实验室
2. 检测条件:恒湿恒温箱,生物培养箱,消毒中口200ml的样品瓶,生物安全柜,消毒的各系列的移液枪及枪头,消毒搅拌棒,往复式摇床,微波炉,消毒摇菌管,酶标仪,酶标条一排,培养基,消毒后的空瓶若干。
3 .试验菌株同试验四菌株,采用混合菌接种,细菌混合菌悬浊液107cfu/mL;真菌混合菌悬浊液106cfu/mL。
4 .试验样品:按表7和表8配制的护肤霜和精华液,考察防腐剂在不同体系的抑菌效果。
5 .样品接种:分别称取护肤霜1~5以及精华液1~5各100g,分别加入1mL细菌混合悬浊液和1mL真菌混合悬浊液,混合均匀,将样品于室温(25℃)保存,并分别于0、2、7、14、21、28天检测面膜液中的菌落数。判定标准:细菌总数从初始到14天的细菌数对数减少值不能小于2 .0,并且从14天到28天细菌数不能增加;霉菌与酵母菌总数从初始到14天和28天,霉菌与酵母菌不能增加。
6 .在接种的第0、2、7、14、21和28天取样检测,结果见表9:
表9.防腐挑战检测结果
由表9结果可知,护肤霜1~3和精华液1~3添加了本发明的化妆品防腐剂后,细菌在7天内减少4个数量级,真菌在7天内减少了5个数量级。结果符合《化妆品安全技术规范》中规定的化妆品中微生物指标限制的规定。而护肤霜4和精华液4未添加本发明的化妆品防腐剂及其它防腐剂,细菌和真菌在测试期内大量增加。护肤霜5和精华液5不仅添加本发明的化妆品防腐剂,还添加了其它温和防腐剂,与添加了相同剂量的本发明防腐剂的护肤霜3和精华液3相比,细菌和真菌的数量级下降更快,说明本发明的防腐剂与其它防腐剂能够相互增效。护肤霜6和精华液6仅添加它防腐剂,细菌和真菌的数量级虽有所下降,但相对缓慢。
上述测试结果说明本发明的防腐剂能够有效地抑制、杀灭化妆品中的微生物,确保产品在货架期符合微生物指标,防止产品长菌变质。
以上所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围,而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种化妆品防腐剂,其特征在于,以重量百分比计,所述化妆品防腐剂包含22%覆 盆子酮、13%脱氢乙酸钠、二元醇和增溶剂,所述二元醇为55%1,2-辛二醇,所述增溶剂为8.0%烷基糖苷和2.0%脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚,其制备方法为:将覆 盆子酮、脱氢乙酸钠和二元醇在45-85℃条件下混合搅拌溶解并混合均匀,然后降温至40-55℃并加入增溶剂搅拌,得到化妆品防腐剂。
2.一种化妆品防腐剂,其特征在于,以重量百分比计,所述化妆品防腐剂包含26%覆 盆子酮、12%脱氢乙酸钠、二元醇和增溶剂,所述二元醇为35%1,3-丁二醇和20% 1,2-戊二醇,所述增溶剂为10.0%烷基糖苷和3.0% PEG-40氢化蓖麻油,其制备方法为:将覆 盆子酮、脱氢乙酸钠和二元醇在45-85℃条件下混合搅拌溶解并混合均匀,然后降温至40-55℃并加入增溶剂搅拌,得到化妆品防腐剂。
3.一种化妆品防腐剂,其特征在于,以重量百分比计,所述化妆品防腐剂包含26%覆 盆子酮、10%脱氢乙酸钠、二元醇和增溶剂,所述二元醇为50%1,2-癸二醇,所述增溶剂为10.0%烷基糖苷和4.0% 吐温-20,其制备方法为:将覆 盆子酮、脱氢乙酸钠和二元醇在45-85℃条件下混合搅拌溶解并混合均匀,然后降温至40-55℃并加入增溶剂搅拌,得到化妆品防腐剂。
4.一种化妆品防腐剂,其特征在于,以重量百分比计,所述化妆品防腐剂包含35%覆 盆子酮、8%脱氢乙酸钠、二元醇和增溶剂,所述二元醇为12%1,2-丙二醇和30% 1,2-己二醇,所述增溶剂为10.0%烷基糖苷和5.0% PEG-40氢化蓖麻油,其制备方法为:将覆 盆子酮、脱氢乙酸钠和二元醇在45-85℃条件下混合搅拌溶解并混合均匀,然后降温至40-55℃并加入增溶剂搅拌,得到化妆品防腐剂。
5.一种化妆品防腐剂,其特征在于,以重量百分比计,所述化妆品防腐剂包含38%覆 盆子酮、5%脱氢乙酸钠、二元醇和增溶剂,所述二元醇为45%聚乙二醇400,所述增溶剂为8.0%烷基糖苷和4.0% 脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚,其制备方法为:将覆 盆子酮、脱氢乙酸钠和二元醇在45-85℃条件下混合搅拌溶解并混合均匀,然后降温至40-55℃并加入增溶剂搅拌,得到化妆品防腐剂。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的化妆品防腐剂在化妆品中的应用,其特征在于,其添加量为0.5-3.0%。
7.根据权利要求6所述的化妆品防腐剂的应用,其特征在于,所述化妆品为个人护理用品、孕婴护理用品和家居洗涤用品。
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