CN111366457B - A device and method for measuring long-term creep of steel cables - Google Patents
A device and method for measuring long-term creep of steel cables Download PDFInfo
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- CN111366457B CN111366457B CN202010110212.0A CN202010110212A CN111366457B CN 111366457 B CN111366457 B CN 111366457B CN 202010110212 A CN202010110212 A CN 202010110212A CN 111366457 B CN111366457 B CN 111366457B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/062—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with mechanical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0071—Creep
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
- G01N2203/0278—Thin specimens
- G01N2203/028—One dimensional, e.g. filaments, wires, ropes or cables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method capable of measuring long-term creep of a steel cable, comprising a measuring device for marking a creep test piece and measuring displacement; auxiliary means for fixing; the measuring device comprises two marking structures and two mechanical dial indicators or dial indicators, wherein each marking structure is provided with a structure connected with the steel cable, and each marking structure is provided with a part capable of aligning with a marking position on the steel cable and a measuring working part corresponding to the mechanical dial indicator or the dial indicator; the auxiliary device is provided with a fixing device of the mechanical dial indicator or the dial indicator, so that the mechanical dial indicator or the dial indicator can be stably positioned at a measuring position to measure the displacement of a measuring working position. The invention can be used for long-term creep measurements on steel cords for years to decades, and also for monitoring the creep of steel cords of built structures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring creep of a steel cable for a long time, which are mainly suitable for steel cables of steel wires, steel wire bundles, steel wire ropes, steel stranded wires and the like, and belong to the technical field of cable material performance testing.
Background
The steel cable is widely applied to the fields of cable rod structure building systems, road bridges, mechanical structures and the like, wherein the cable rod structure is mainly used for large public buildings such as stadiums, traffic buildings, convention and exhibition centers and the like, and the structural importance of the cable rod structure is self-evident. The road and bridge are also important structures concerning the safety of the lives and properties of the public, and the mechanical structure has high requirements on stability and safety. Therefore, determining the properties of steel cords to ensure the safety and suitability of structures using steel cords is of great social and chronological significance.
However, stress relaxation due to material creep inevitably exists over the lifetime of the structure. The existing cable creep test results show that: although the tension pre-stress initially tightens the cable cross-section and achieves uniform elastic strain, all cables still creep under the applied load. The length change of the steel cable and the reduction of stress caused by the steel cable creep influence the safety and the applicability of the structure, so that the determination of the creep elongation rule of the steel cable along with the change of time and the monitoring of the creep elongation of the steel cable of the built structure have very important significance.
The existing creep measuring device and testing machine can be used for measuring the creep under certain specific conditions, but are not suitable for measuring the creep for a long time or monitoring the creep of the built structure. The patent document of the utility model with application number CN201920183606.1 as a steel strand relaxation testing machine represents the principle of the steel cable relaxation testing machine widely available on the market, and the testing machine has great limitation on the length of the test piece, and the general duration measurement time is less than 1000 hours, so that the testing machine is not suitable for measuring the long-time creep of the steel cable, and cannot be used for monitoring the creep of the steel cable in the built structure. The invention patent application with the application number of CN200510108349.8 discloses that a test piece needs to be placed in a heating element and is not suitable for monitoring of an established structure; and a temperature controller is used for maintaining constant temperature, and a displacement sensor and a computer are used for recording data, so that the method is difficult to be used for long-term creep measurement lasting for more than several years.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for measuring long-term creep of a steel cable, which can be widely, conveniently and relatively accurately used for measuring the long-term creep of the steel cable and monitoring the creep of the steel cable with an established structure. The watch body can be fixed on a stable structure by using the magnetic watch seat so as to flexibly select the measurement length according to the situation. The mechanical measuring meter can be used for long-term measurement for years and even decades, the creep elongation of the section of the steel cable can be obtained according to the displacement difference of the two measuring meters after reading, the creep strain of the steel cable can be obtained by calculating the length of the measuring section, the creep strain time curve of the steel cable can be obtained by measuring according to multiple times of reading as required, and the creep performance and the law of the steel cable can be further generalized.
According to the first aspect of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a device for measuring long-term creep of a steel cable is characterized by comprising a measuring device for marking a creep test piece and measuring displacement; auxiliary means for fixing;
the measuring device comprises two marking structures and two mechanical dial indicators or dial indicators, wherein each marking structure is provided with a structure connected with the steel cable, and each marking structure is provided with a part capable of aligning with a marking position on the steel cable and a measuring working part corresponding to the mechanical dial indicator or the dial indicator;
the auxiliary device is provided with a fixing device of the mechanical dial indicator or the dial indicator, so that the mechanical dial indicator or the dial indicator can be stably positioned at a measuring position to measure the displacement of a working position.
Furthermore, the marking structure adopts a sleeve, the sleeve is provided with a sleeve horizontal top plate and is used for aligning a marking position on the steel cable and serving as a measuring working position corresponding to the mechanical dial indicator or the dial indicator, and a position which can be clamped by the sleeve position of the sleeve is used as a structure connected with the steel cable.
Further, the marking structure adopts a hinge structure, and can be opened towards two sides and closed to clamp.
Furthermore, the auxiliary device comprises a fixing frame and a connecting frame of a mechanical dial indicator or a dial indicator, and the connecting frame is connected with the fixing frame. The fixing frame can be connected with the ground or placed on the stable ground. When measured in the laboratory, can bear the load applied by the test and keep stable.
Furthermore, the connecting frame is connected with the fixing frame through a magnet, and the position of the connecting frame can be adjusted at will and fixed.
Furthermore, the top of the fixed frame is provided with a fixed pulley of a steel cable for winding up the long test piece to reduce the occupied space, the fixed pulley should be smooth as much as possible, and the rotation resistance is small.
For laboratory measurement, the lower end of the measuring steel cable can be made into a processing section and becomes a port capable of hanging heavy objects, and during specific implementation, the lower end of the measuring steel cable can be bent into a ring and locked, and then a hook and a load are placed; or a clamp with a hook is fixed at the lower end of the measuring steel cable.
According to another aspect of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
the method for measuring the long-term creep of the steel cable by using the device in a laboratory is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) fixing one end of a creep measurement steel cable on the fixing frame, selecting a proper part on the measurement steel cable as a measurement section, and expressing the length of the measurement section by L; sleeving the head end and the tail end of a measuring section of the measuring steel cable with corresponding mark structures, and aligning the mark structures to mark positions on the steel cable; the other end of the measuring steel cable is connected with a balance weight;
(2) connecting the two mechanical dial indicators or the dial indicator at a proper position of the fixing frame through the connecting frame of the two mechanical dial indicators or the dial indicator, so that the gauge heads of the two mechanical dial indicators or the dial indicator are vertically contacted with the measuring working part of the marking structure;
(3) taking a certain time after the completion of the loading and stabilizing as an initial time point, reading two meter readings, wherein the reading of the upper meter is represented by x1, the reading of the lower meter is represented by y1, the reading of the two meters is later read according to the reading interval time, the reading of the upper meter is represented by x2, the reading of the lower meter is represented by y2, and the time interval is represented by t 1; then repeating the reading at set intervals until a predetermined experimental time is reached;
with an initial time point of 0, the creep strain at time t1 is:
by analogy, the creep strain of each measurement time point can be obtained, and the stress of the steel cable can be measured
Creep strain curve, where A is the cross-sectional area of the steel cord measured and F is the load.
According to another aspect of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
the method for measuring long-term creep of the steel cable on site by using the device is characterized in that the marking structure adopts a hinge structure and can be opened and closed to two sides for clamping, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a proper part on the measuring steel cable as a measuring section, wherein the length of the measuring section is represented by L; sleeving the head end and the tail end of a measuring section of the measuring steel cable with corresponding mark structures, and aligning the mark structures to mark positions on the steel cable;
(2) connecting the two mechanical dial indicators or the dial indicator at a proper position of the fixing frame through the connecting frame of the two mechanical dial indicators or the dial indicator, so that the gauge heads of the two mechanical dial indicators or the dial indicator are vertically contacted with the measuring working part of the marking structure;
(3) taking a certain time after the completion of the loading and stabilizing as an initial time point, reading two meter readings, wherein the reading of the upper meter is represented by x1, the reading of the lower meter is represented by y1, the reading of the two meters is later read according to the reading interval time, the reading of the upper meter is represented by x2, the reading of the lower meter is represented by y2, and the time interval is represented by t 1; then repeating the reading at set intervals until a predetermined experimental time is reached;
with an initial time point of 0, the creep strain at time t1 is:
analogizing in turn to obtain creep strain of each measurement time point, thereby obtaining the stress of the measured steel cable
Creep strain curve, where A is the cross-sectional area of the steel cord measured and F is the load.
In conclusion, the device and the method for measuring the long-term creep of the steel cable provided by the invention can be used for measuring the long-term creep of the steel cable lasting for years to decades, and also can be used for monitoring the creep of the steel cable of an established structure, so that the method for measuring the creep of the steel cable under partial conditions is supplemented and perfected; the device has the advantages of simple device, easy implementation, wide application range, long continuous measurement time, capability of detecting the built structure, capability of being combined with other devices and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention for measuring long term creep of a steel cord.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structural principle of the device for measuring long-term creep of a steel rope according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention (including a fixed pulley).
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention (without the fixed pulley).
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a marking sleeve in the apparatus for measuring long-term creep of a wire rope according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference is made to the accompanying drawings. The device for measuring the long-term creep of the steel cable comprises three parts: loading device, measuring device and auxiliary device. The method for measuring the long-term creep of the steel cable is also based on the device, the general flow of the method is shown in figure 1, and the method comprises the steps of measuring and calculating the sectional area, arranging experiments, finishing loading, reading data and processing data, and finally obtaining the creep performance and the creep law.
As shown in fig. 2-5, the loading device is used for fixing and loading a creep test piece, the measuring device is used for marking and measuring displacement of the creep test piece, and the auxiliary device is used for fixing the measuring instrument. The magnetic gauge stand on the auxiliary device rigid fixing frame is used for fixing the gauge of the measuring device, and the gauge measures the displacement of the two marking sleeves fixed at the two ends of the test piece measuring section, so that the elongation of the test piece measuring section is obtained, and the creep property and the development rule of the test piece are finally obtained through data analysis and processing.
The loading device comprises a loading fixing frame 1, a fixed pulley 2 (optional) and a load 4 of a lower end processing section of a creep test piece 3. Wherein, the fixing frame 1 is provided with a structure, such as a hook, a ring, a clamp and the like, for fixing the upper end 31 of the test piece 3.
The upper end 31 of the test piece 3 is fixedly connected to the loading fixing frame 1, and the lower end processing section 32 is a port which is used for making the lower end of the test piece into a weight to be hung and is used for hanging the load 4. The upper end and the lower end are both firm and stable.
The measuring device comprises an upper marking sleeve 6, a lower marking sleeve 7, an upper gauge 8 and a lower gauge 9.
The auxiliary device comprises a rigid fixing frame 5, an upper magnetic meter seat 10 and a lower magnetic meter seat 11.
As shown in fig. 5, the marker sleeves 6, 7 are rigid members composed of two parts, a holding portion 12 and a horizontal plate 13. The inner bores of the sleeves 6, 7 are fitted around the test piece and clamped by pressing the clamping parts to be fixed at the marking point of the test piece 3. The horizontal plate 13 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the test piece, and has a large area and a flat surface.
With reference to fig. 3 and 4, the method and steps for measuring the long-term creep of a steel cord are as follows:
a. intercepting a section of steel cable 3 with the same specification standard as the creep measurement test piece, measuring the weight and the length of the steel cable, calculating to obtain the actual cross-sectional area of the steel cable according to the material density, and expressing the actual cross-sectional area of the steel cable by A;
b. the upper end of a creep measurement test piece is fixedly and vertically hung on the fixing frame 1, and the lower end of the test piece is made into a port (such as bending into a ring and arranging a hook) capable of hanging a heavy object and is locked. If the test piece is long and the space is limited, the form of fig. 3 is adopted, the upper end of the test piece is fixed at the middle lower part of the fixing frame, and then the test piece is wound to the lower part through a fixed pulley 2 which is also fixed at the upper end of the fixing frame;
c. and selecting a proper part on the test piece as a measuring section, wherein the length of the measuring section is represented by L. The two marking points are provided with correspondingly dimensioned marking sleeves 6 and 7, the orientation of the sleeves 6 and 7 being based on the clamping portion outside the measuring section, and the position of the sleeves being based on the measuring plane, i.e. the horizontal plate 13 thereof, being aligned with the marking position. Then the holding portion is pressed to fix the marking sleeves 6 and 7;
d. hanging a weight 4 with certain mass at the lower end of the test piece for loading, keeping the stability after the loading is finished, and then starting timing;
e. two magnetic gauges 10 and 11 are attracted in position on the rigid mount 5, corresponding to the two marker sleeves 6 and 7. Two gauges 8 and 9 with proper measuring ranges are respectively fixed on cantilevers of magnetic gauge bases 10 and 11, and the positions are adjusted to enable the two gauge heads to vertically contact a horizontal plate 13 of the marking sleeves 6 and 7;
f. taking 3-5 minutes after the loading is finished and stabilized as an initial time point, reading two meters, wherein the reading of an upper meter 6 is represented by x1, and the reading of a lower meter 7 is represented by y 1;
g. setting a reading interval according to requirements, and reading two meter readings after a period of time, wherein the upper meter reading is represented by x2, the lower meter reading is represented by y2, and the period of time is represented by t 1; then repeating the reading at set time intervals until a predetermined experimental time is reached;
with an initial time point of 0, the creep strain at time t1 is:
by analogy, the creep strain of each measurement time point can be obtained, and the stress of the test piece can be obtained
Creep strain curve. According to the creep strain curve, the creep performance and the development rule of the steel cable can be concluded.
If the steel cable with the built structure is measured, the loading device is not needed because the two ends of the steel cable are fixed and stressed, the marking sleeve is changed into a hinge type expandable structure, and the steel cable is longitudinally sleeved and then is screwed and fixed at the marking position by using bolts.
From the above, the present invention provides an experimental apparatus and method for measuring long-term creep of a steel cable, which can be used for creep experiments for several years to ten years, and also can be used for monitoring creep of a steel cable of an established structure, and supplements and perfects a method for measuring creep of a steel cable under partial conditions. The device has the advantages of simple device, easy implementation, wide application range, long continuous measurement time, capability of detecting the built structure, capability of being combined with other devices and the like.
The foregoing description and specific examples, methods and steps of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise materials, dimensions and arrangements of parts, and that various modifications and changes may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A device for measuring long-term creep of a steel cable is characterized by comprising a measuring device for marking a creep test piece and measuring displacement; auxiliary means for fixing;
the measuring device comprises two marking structures and two mechanical dial indicators or dial indicators, wherein each marking structure is provided with a structure connected with the steel cable, and each marking structure is provided with a part capable of aligning with a marking position on the steel cable and a measuring working part corresponding to the mechanical dial indicator or the dial indicator;
the auxiliary device is provided with a fixing device of the mechanical dial indicator or the dial indicator, so that the mechanical dial indicator or the dial indicator can be stably positioned at a measuring position to measure the displacement of a working part;
the marking structure adopts a sleeve, the sleeve is provided with a sleeve horizontal top plate and is used for aligning a marking position on the steel cable and serving as a measuring working position corresponding to a mechanical dial indicator or a dial indicator, and a sleeve part of the sleeve can clamp a measuring cable body and serves as a structure connected with the steel cable;
the auxiliary device comprises a fixed frame and a connecting frame of a mechanical dial indicator or a dial indicator, and the connecting frame is connected with the fixed frame;
the connecting frame is connected with the fixing frame through a magnet, and the position of the connecting frame can be adjusted randomly and fixed.
2. The apparatus for measuring long term creep of a steel cord as claimed in claim 1, wherein said marking structure is of a hinge structure and can be opened and closed to both sides.
3. The apparatus for measuring long-term creep of a steel cable according to claim 1, wherein a fixed pulley of the steel cable is provided on the top of the fixed frame.
4. A method for measuring long term creep in a steel cord in a laboratory using the apparatus of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) fixing one end of a creep measurement steel cable on the fixing frame, selecting a proper part on the measurement steel cable as a measurement section, and expressing the length of the measurement section by L; sleeving the head end and the tail end of a measuring section of the measuring steel cable with corresponding mark structures, and aligning the mark structures to mark positions on the steel cable; the other end of the measuring steel cable is connected with a balance weight;
(2) connecting the two mechanical dial indicators or the dial indicator at a proper position of the fixing frame through the connecting frame of the two mechanical dial indicators or the dial indicator, so that the gauge heads of the two mechanical dial indicators or the dial indicator are vertically contacted with the measuring working part of the marking structure;
(3) taking a certain time after the completion of the loading and stabilizing as an initial time point, reading two meter readings, wherein the reading of the upper meter is represented by x1, the reading of the lower meter is represented by y1, the reading of the two meters is later read according to the reading interval time, the reading of the upper meter is represented by x2, the reading of the lower meter is represented by y2, and the time interval is represented by t 1; then repeating the reading at set intervals until a predetermined experimental time is reached;
with an initial time point of 0, the creep strain at time t1 is:
and by analogy, the creep strain of each measurement time point can be obtained, and thus a creep strain curve of the steel cable under stress is obtained, wherein A is the cross-sectional area of the steel cable, and F is the load.
5. Method for measuring long-term creep of a steel cable of a built structure at a construction site by means of the device according to claim 1, characterized in that the marking structure is of a hinge construction and can be opened and closed clamped to both sides, the method comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a proper part on the measuring steel cable as a measuring section, wherein the length of the measuring section is represented by L; sleeving the head end and the tail end of a measuring section of the measuring steel cable with corresponding mark structures, and aligning the mark structures to mark positions on the steel cable;
(2) connecting the two mechanical dial indicators or the dial indicator at a proper position of the fixing frame through the connecting frame of the two mechanical dial indicators or the dial indicator, so that the gauge heads of the two mechanical dial indicators or the dial indicator are vertically contacted with the measuring working part of the marking structure;
(3) taking a certain time after the completion of the loading and stabilizing as an initial time point, reading two meter readings, wherein the reading of the upper meter is represented by x1, the reading of the lower meter is represented by y1, the reading of the two meters is later read according to the reading interval time, the reading of the upper meter is represented by x2, the reading of the lower meter is represented by y2, and the time interval is represented by t 1; then repeating the reading at set intervals until a predetermined experimental time is reached;
with an initial time point of 0, the creep strain at time t1 is:
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