CN111338415A - Temperature-independent reference voltage source design method, reference voltage source and air conditioner - Google Patents
Temperature-independent reference voltage source design method, reference voltage source and air conditioner Download PDFInfo
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- CN111338415A CN111338415A CN202010171870.0A CN202010171870A CN111338415A CN 111338415 A CN111338415 A CN 111338415A CN 202010171870 A CN202010171870 A CN 202010171870A CN 111338415 A CN111338415 A CN 111338415A
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC
- G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reference voltage source design method irrelevant to temperature, a reference voltage source and an air conditioner, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining the voltage of a positive temperature coefficient and the voltage of a negative temperature coefficient in a reference voltage source; constructing a calculation formula of the output voltage of the reference voltage source according to the voltage of the positive temperature coefficient and the voltage of the negative temperature coefficient; and determining the type selection of the reference voltage source when the output voltage is irrelevant to the temperature coefficient according to a calculation formula. The invention solves the problem that the reference voltage is influenced by temperature change in the prior art, and improves the stability of the reference voltage source.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power supplies, in particular to a reference voltage source design method irrelevant to temperature, a reference voltage source and an air conditioner.
Background
Analog circuits broadly contain a reference voltage and a reference current. This reference is a dc quantity which has little relation to power supply and process parameters, but which is determinative of temperature. For example, the bias current of a differential pair must be generated based on a reference because it affects the voltage gain and noise of the circuit. In systems like a/D and D/a converters, a reference is also needed to determine the full range of its input or output.
The purpose of generating the reference is to establish a dc voltage or current with defined temperature characteristics, independent of the power supply and the process, but in practice: the generated direct current reference is influenced by the power supply, the process and the characteristics of the device, and uncontrollable fluctuation occurs along with the change of temperature.
The reference voltage irrelevant to the temperature has a great application prospect in the circuit of the air conditioner controller, and the controller can get rid of the limits of some process factors and environmental conditions, so the requirement for the reference voltage is urgent.
In order to solve the problem that the reference voltage is affected by temperature change in the related art, an effective solution is not provided at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a reference voltage source design method irrelevant to temperature, a reference voltage source and an air conditioner, and aims to at least solve the problem that the reference voltage is influenced by temperature change in the prior art.
To solve the above technical problem, according to an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a reference voltage source design method, including: determining the voltage of a positive temperature coefficient and the voltage of a negative temperature coefficient in a reference voltage source; constructing a calculation formula of the output voltage of the reference voltage source according to the voltage of the positive temperature coefficient and the voltage of the negative temperature coefficient; and determining the type selection of the reference voltage source when the output voltage is irrelevant to the temperature coefficient according to a calculation formula.
Further, the reference voltage source includes: a first bipolar transistor Q1, a second bipolar transistor Q2, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, and an operational amplifier a 1.
Further, the collector of Q1 is connected with the first end of R1, the base of Q1 is connected to ground or with the collector of Q1, and the emitter of Q1 is connected to ground; a first end of R1 is connected with the homodromous input end of A1, and a second end of R1 is connected with the output end of the voltage reference source; the collector of Q2 is connected with the first end of R3, the emitter of Q2 is grounded, the base of Q2 is grounded or connected with the collector of Q2; a first end of R2 is connected with a second end of R3, and a second end of R2 is connected with an output end of the voltage reference source; the inverted output terminal of a1 is connected to the first terminal of R2, and the output terminal of a1 is connected to the output terminal of the voltage reference source.
Further, the base emitter voltage V of the first bipolar transistor or the second bipolar transistorBEHaving a negative temperature coefficient, the difference V of the base emitter voltages of the first and second bipolar transistorsTln has a positive temperature coefficient; determining a positive temperature coefficient voltage and a negative temperature coefficient voltage in a reference voltage source, comprising: determining the positive temperature coefficient voltage of the reference voltage source as VBEDetermining the negative temperature coefficient voltage of the reference voltage source as VTln n。
Further, a calculation formula of the output voltage of the reference voltage source is constructed according to the positive temperature coefficient voltage and the negative temperature coefficient voltage, and the calculation formula comprises the following steps: determining the voltage V of a positive temperature coefficientBEα and a negative temperature coefficient of voltage VTln with temperature coefficient β to make the temperature coefficient of output voltage zero, and voltage V according to positive temperature coefficientBEAnd its temperature coefficient α and negative temperature coefficient voltage VTln and temperature coefficient β thereof construct output voltage V of reference voltage sourceREFThe first calculation formula of (1); wherein the first calculation formula is: vREF＝αVBE+β(VTln n)。
Further, determining the type of the reference voltage source when the output voltage is independent of the temperature coefficient according to a calculation formula, comprising: determining the output voltage V of a reference voltage source using the virtual short discontinuities of an amplifierREFThe second calculation formula (c), wherein the second calculation formula is:
the resistance values and the n values of R2 and R3 are determined according to a first calculation formula and a second calculation formula.
Further, based on the first calculationThe formula and a second calculation formula determine the resistance values and n values for R2 and R3, including: determined according to the first calculation formula and the second calculation formula
Calculating the derivative of the temperature according to the first calculation formula
The resistance values and n values of R2 and R3 are determined so that
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a reference voltage source, and the reference voltage source design method is adopted to determine the type of the reference voltage source.
According to another aspect of the embodiment of the invention, an air conditioning unit is provided, which comprises the reference voltage source.
According to a further aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a storage medium containing computer executable instructions for performing the reference voltage source design method as described above when executed by a computer processor.
In the invention, a calculation formula of the output voltage of the reference voltage source is constructed by the voltage of the positive temperature coefficient and the voltage of the negative temperature coefficient, so that the output voltage is independent of the temperature coefficient, and the type selection of the reference voltage source is determined. By the method, the output voltage shows a zero temperature coefficient, namely the output voltage does not change along with the temperature, the problem that the reference voltage is influenced by the temperature change in the prior art is effectively solved, and the stability of the reference voltage source is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an alternative flow chart of a reference voltage source design method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an alternative circuit diagram of a reference voltage source according to an embodiment of the invention; and
fig. 3 is another alternative circuit diagram of a reference voltage source according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the invention, as detailed in the appended claims.
Example 1
In preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention, a reference voltage source design method is provided, and the control method can be directly applied to the design of the reference voltage source, and can also be applied to the design of other voltage sources. In particular, fig. 1 shows an alternative flow chart of the method, which, as shown in fig. 1, comprises the following steps S102-S106:
s102: determining the voltage of a positive temperature coefficient and the voltage of a negative temperature coefficient in a reference voltage source;
s104: constructing a calculation formula of the output voltage of the reference voltage source according to the voltage of the positive temperature coefficient and the voltage of the negative temperature coefficient;
s106: and determining the type selection of the reference voltage source when the output voltage is irrelevant to the temperature coefficient according to a calculation formula.
In the above embodiment, the calculation formula of the output voltage of the reference voltage source is constructed by the positive temperature coefficient voltage and the negative temperature coefficient voltage, so that the output voltage is independent of the temperature coefficient, and the type selection of the reference voltage source is determined. By the method, the output voltage shows a zero temperature coefficient, namely the output voltage does not change along with the temperature, the problem that the reference voltage is influenced by the temperature change in the prior art is effectively solved, and the stability of the reference voltage source is improved.
In the present invention, the reference voltage source includes: a first bipolar transistor Q1, a second bipolar transistor Q2, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, and an operational amplifier a 1.
Wherein, the collector of Q1 is connected with the first end of R1, the base of Q1 is connected with the ground or with the collector of Q1, the emitter of Q1 is connected with the ground; a first end of R1 is connected with the homodromous input end of A1, and a second end of R1 is connected with the output end of the voltage reference source; the collector of Q2 is connected with the first end of R3, the emitter of Q2 is grounded, the base of Q2 is grounded or connected with the collector of Q2; a first end of R2 is connected with a second end of R3, and a second end of R2 is connected with an output end of the voltage reference source; the inverted output terminal of a1 is connected to the first terminal of R2, and the output terminal of a1 is connected to the output terminal of the voltage reference source.
The bipolar transistors can be divided into npn transistors and pnp transistors, and when Q1 and Q2 are npn transistors, as shown in fig. 2, the base of Q1 is connected to the collector of Q1, and the base of Q2 is connected to the collector of Q2. When Q1 and Q2 are pnp transistors, as shown in fig. 3, the base of Q1 is grounded and the base of Q2 is grounded.
Since most process parameters vary with temperature, if a reference is temperature independent, it is usually process independent, so a temperature independent reference voltage can be applied to reduce the process requirements, thereby solving some problems due to process reasons. Furthermore, a temperature independent output voltage is essential in many analog circuits and in some specific environments or applications, thereby eliminating the limitations of process factors and environmental conditions.
In order to make the output voltage temperature independent, it is first necessary to determine two voltages having a positive temperature coefficient and a negative temperature coefficient. The characteristic parameters of bipolar transistors have proven to have the best reproducibility among the various device parameters of semiconductor processes, and have well-defined quantities that provide positive and negative temperature coefficients. Base emitter voltage V of bipolar transistorBE(forward voltage of pn junction diode) has a negative temperature coefficient; however, when two bipolar transistors are operated at unequal current densities, the difference in their base emitter voltages is proportional to absolute temperature, i.e., has a positive temperature coefficient. Thus, the base emitter voltage V of the first bipolar transistor or the second bipolar transistorBEHaving a negative temperature coefficient, the difference V of the base emitter voltages of the first and second bipolar transistorsTln has a positive temperature coefficient; determining a positive temperature coefficient voltage and a negative temperature coefficient voltage in a reference voltage source, comprising: determining the positive temperature coefficient voltage of the reference voltage source as VBEDetermining the negative temperature coefficient voltage of the reference voltage source as VTln n。
After determining two voltages with positive temperature coefficient and negative temperature coefficient, constructing a calculation formula of the output voltage of the reference voltage source according to the voltage with positive temperature coefficient and the voltage with negative temperature coefficient, wherein the calculation formula comprises the following steps: determining the voltage V of a positive temperature coefficientBEα and a negative temperature coefficient of voltage VTln with temperature coefficient β to make the temperature coefficient of output voltage zero, and voltage V according to positive temperature coefficientBEAnd its temperature coefficient α and negative temperature coefficient voltage VTln and temperature coefficient β thereof construct output voltage V of reference voltage sourceREFThe first calculation formula of (1). According to the circuit shown in fig. 2 and 3, the output voltage VREFIs the sum of two voltages having opposite temperature characteristics, i.e., the first calculation formula is: vREF＝αVBE+β(VTin n)。
Adding these two quantities with opposite temperature coefficients with appropriate weights, the result will show a zero temperature coefficient, and then calculating the corresponding weights by analysis and formula derivation of the circuit:
since in the determined case to
And
it is known that, therefore, α is made equal to 1, and β ln n is selected so that
Wherein,
and
is a VBEAnd VTCoefficient of dependence on temperature.
This is equivalent to adding the two opposite temperature coefficient quantities with the appropriate weight to arrive at a zero temperature coefficient reference voltage.
Further, determining the type of the reference voltage source when the output voltage is independent of the temperature coefficient according to a calculation formula, comprising: determining the output voltage V of a reference voltage source using the virtual short discontinuities of an amplifierREFThe second calculation formula (c), wherein the second calculation formula is:
the specific process is as follows:
in conjunction with the circuit diagram, the use of the virtual short breaks of the amplifier has:
VBE1＝VBE2+VTln n
thus, a second calculation formula is obtained:
after determining the second calculation formula, the resistance values and the n values of R2 and R3 are determined according to the first calculation formula and the second calculation formula.
Since the first calculation formula and the second calculation formula are both calculations for the output voltage, and are equal to each other, it can be determined from the first calculation formula and the second calculation formula
Furthermore, the output voltage in the first calculation formula is independent of the temperature, and the derivative of the temperature is obtained from the first calculation formula, so that the determination can be made
Therefore, the temperature of the molten metal is controlled,
selecting appropriate ones from the above relations
And n is such that positive and negative temperature coefficients exactly cancel each other, whereby a temperature independent V can be obtainedREF。
The device is subjected to model selection by combining a specific circuit and a theoretical derivation result in the manner described above, so that a reference voltage with a zero temperature coefficient is obtained, namely: a circuit whose output voltage is independent of temperature. For example, the following steps are carried out:
at room temperature:
then there are:
thus, n-31, R may be selected2/R3＝4。
In a specific case, n and
the relation to be satisfied, such as the above calculation result, can select reasonable parameters such as resistance value, etc., to satisfy the requirement of output voltage.
Example 2
Based on the reference voltage source design method provided in the above embodiment 1, in a preferred embodiment 2 of the present invention, a reference voltage source is further provided, and the type of the reference voltage source is determined by using the above reference voltage source design method.
In the above embodiment, the calculation formula of the output voltage of the reference voltage source is constructed by the positive temperature coefficient voltage and the negative temperature coefficient voltage, so that the output voltage is independent of the temperature coefficient, and the type selection of the reference voltage source is determined. By the method, the output voltage shows a zero temperature coefficient, namely the output voltage does not change along with the temperature, the problem that the reference voltage is influenced by the temperature change in the prior art is effectively solved, and the stability of the reference voltage source is improved.
Example 3
Based on the reference voltage source provided in the above embodiment 2, in a preferred embodiment 3 of the present invention, an air conditioning unit is further provided, and a controller of the air conditioning unit includes the reference voltage source as described above.
In the above embodiment, the calculation formula of the output voltage of the reference voltage source is constructed by the positive temperature coefficient voltage and the negative temperature coefficient voltage, so that the output voltage is independent of the temperature coefficient, and the type selection of the reference voltage source is determined. By the method, the output voltage shows a zero temperature coefficient, namely the output voltage does not change along with the temperature, the problem that the reference voltage is influenced by the temperature change in the prior art is effectively solved, and the stability of the reference voltage source is improved.
Example 4
Based on the reference voltage source design method provided in embodiment 1 above, there is also provided in a preferred embodiment 4 of the present invention a storage medium containing computer executable instructions for performing the reference voltage source design method as described above when executed by a computer processor.
In the above embodiment, the calculation formula of the output voltage of the reference voltage source is constructed by the positive temperature coefficient voltage and the negative temperature coefficient voltage, so that the output voltage is independent of the temperature coefficient, and the type selection of the reference voltage source is determined. By the method, the output voltage shows a zero temperature coefficient, namely the output voltage does not change along with the temperature, the problem that the reference voltage is influenced by the temperature change in the prior art is effectively solved, and the stability of the reference voltage source is improved.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A reference voltage source design method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining the voltage of a positive temperature coefficient and the voltage of a negative temperature coefficient in a reference voltage source;
constructing a calculation formula of the output voltage of the reference voltage source according to the voltage of the positive temperature coefficient and the voltage of the negative temperature coefficient;
and determining the type selection of the reference voltage source when the output voltage is irrelevant to the temperature coefficient according to the calculation formula.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference voltage source comprises: a first bipolar transistor Q1, a second bipolar transistor Q2, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, and an operational amplifier a 1.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the collector of Q1 is connected to the first terminal of R1, the base of Q1 is connected to ground or to the collector of Q1, the emitter of Q1 is connected to ground; a first end of R1 is connected with the homodromous input end of A1, and a second end of R1 is connected with the output end of the voltage reference source; the collector of Q2 is connected with the first end of R3, the emitter of Q2 is grounded, the base of Q2 is grounded or connected with the collector of Q2; a first end of R2 is connected with a second end of R3, and a second end of R2 is connected with an output end of the voltage reference source; the inverted output terminal of a1 is connected to the first terminal of R2, and the output terminal of a1 is connected to the output terminal of the voltage reference source.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein a base emitter voltage V of the first bipolar transistor or the second bipolar transistorBEHaving a negative temperature coefficient, the difference V of the base emitter voltages of the first and second bipolar transistorsTln has a positive temperature coefficient; determining a positive temperature coefficient voltage and a negative temperature coefficient voltage in a reference voltage source, comprising:
determining the positive temperature coefficient voltage of the reference voltage source as VBEDetermining the negative temperature coefficient voltage of the reference voltage source as VTln n。
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the step of constructing a calculation formula of the output voltage of the reference voltage source according to the positive temperature coefficient voltage and the negative temperature coefficient voltage comprises:
determining the voltage V of the positive temperature coefficientBEα and a voltage V of said negative temperature coefficientTln such that the temperature coefficient of the output voltage is zero, β;
voltage V according to the positive temperature coefficientBEIts temperature coefficient α and the voltage V of the negative temperature coefficientTln and its temperature coefficient β construct the output voltage V of the reference voltage sourceREFThe first calculation formula of (1); wherein the first calculation formula is: vREF＝αVBE+β(VTln n)。
6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining the reference voltage source's profile when the output voltage is independent of temperature coefficient according to the calculation formula comprises:
determining the basis using the imaginary short discontinuities of the amplifierOutput voltage V of quasi-voltage sourceREFThe second calculation formula (c), wherein the second calculation formula is:
resistance values and n values of R2 and R3 are determined according to the first calculation formula and the second calculation formula.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein determining the resistance values and the n-value of R2 and R3 according to the first calculation formula and the second calculation formula comprises:
determining according to the first calculation formula and the second calculation formula
Calculating the derivative of the temperature according to the first calculation formula to determine
The resistance values and n values of R2 and R3 are determined so that
8. A reference voltage source whose profile is determined using the reference voltage source design method of any one of claims 1-7.
9. An air conditioning assembly characterized in that the controller of the air conditioning assembly comprises a reference voltage source according to claim 8.
10. A storage medium containing computer-executable instructions for performing the reference voltage source design method of any one of claims 1 to 7 when executed by a computer processor.
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Citations (2)
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| CN101540586A (en) * | 2008-03-20 | 2009-09-23 | 联发科技股份有限公司 | Operational amplifier, temperature-independent system and bandgap reference circuit |
| CN103677031A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2014-03-26 | 国家电网公司 | Method and circuit for providing zero-temperature coefficient voltage and zero-temperature coefficient current |
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2020
- 2020-03-12 CN CN202010171870.0A patent/CN111338415A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101540586A (en) * | 2008-03-20 | 2009-09-23 | 联发科技股份有限公司 | Operational amplifier, temperature-independent system and bandgap reference circuit |
| CN103677031A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2014-03-26 | 国家电网公司 | Method and circuit for providing zero-temperature coefficient voltage and zero-temperature coefficient current |
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| 毕查德•拉扎维: "《模拟CMOS集成电路设计》", 31 December 2018, 西安交通大学出版社 * |
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Application publication date: 20200626 |