CN111320285A - A Standard Modular Fill and Horizontal Underflow Constructed Wetland - Google Patents

Abstract

The application provides a standard modular filler for a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland and a preparation method thereof, wherein the standard modular filler comprises or consists of the following components: the zeolite-quartz sand-based composite material comprises an inorganic cementing material, zeolite powder and quartz sand, wherein the weight part ratio of the inorganic cementing material to the zeolite powder to the quartz sand is (20-60): (20-70): (10-40). The adsorption material has a high adsorption effect on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salts in urban domestic sewage, overflow rain sewage and black and odorous river water, cannot cause overhigh pH level in a system, and has the best effect of enriching microorganisms on the surface of the filler. The application also provides a specific horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system and a use method thereof, and the stability of the filler structure in the wetland is improved and a simple and convenient wetland sediment removal method is formed through the optimized installation and configuration of the standard modular filler product in the wetland.

Description

A Standard Modular Fill and Horizontal Underflow Constructed Wetland

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a standard modular packing and a horizontal subsurface artificial wetland.

Background technique

Constructed wetland is a typical representative of sewage ecological treatment process. It is a type of wetland constructed and controlled by man. Constructed wetlands can be divided into surface flow constructed wetlands, vertical underflow constructed wetlands and horizontal underflow constructed wetlands according to the different settings of the water flow. After the sewage is introduced into the constructed wetland by natural or artificial means, the constructed wetland can use the physical, chemical and biological multiple synergies of soil, artificial media, plants and microorganisms to treat the sewage. The mechanism of the constructed wetland includes adsorption, retention, filtration, Redox, precipitation, microbial decomposition, transformation, plant shading and nutrient absorption, and various animal functions. In these units, wetland filler plays a decisive role, especially for subsurface constructed wetland types. First, the subsurface constructed wetland packing has the functions of filtration, sedimentation, adsorption and flocculation, which can effectively remove the suspended solids and multivalent water-soluble ions in the water body; secondly, the constructed wetland packing provides the necessary habitat conditions for the growth of plants and microorganisms , the plants and microorganisms that grow fixedly on the filler can take advantage of the long hydraulic retention time in the constructed wetland to achieve high-efficiency removal of organic matter and nutrients in sewage. At present, a variety of materials have been selected as wetland fillers for different types of sewage, such as soil, volcanic rock, cinder, red soil, bricks, oyster shells, zeolite, ceramsite, pebbles, etc. These traditional fillers show different sewage treatment effects according to their own physical and chemical structure characteristics, but their common characteristics are that they have no uniform shape and structure, and the particle size is difficult to unify. After adding to the constructed wetland, the system porosity and hydraulic flow state cannot be accurately controlled.

As mentioned above, the filler is the main body of the construction of the constructed wetland, and how to reasonably arrange the filler in the constructed wetland is the key implementation work of the technical engineering application. The traditional packing configuration method is to naturally accumulate different traditional packings in the artificial wetland in a grading method. The implementation of the packing grading method is mainly to add the filler with larger particle size at the bottom of the wetland. The particle size keeps decreasing. However, in this traditional mode, the construction personnel cannot standardize the effectiveness of the filler configuration, and the sewage is prone to flow dead zones in the constructed wetland, thereby reducing the adsorption area of the filler, reducing the microbial reaction rate and shortening the hydraulic retention time in the constructed wetland. At the same time, the high suspended solids content in the sewage will also test the blockage and adsorption saturation of the traditional type of constructed wetland. Once the blockage and adsorption saturation occur, it is impossible to accurately determine the location of blockage and saturation, and due to the implementation of the grading method, it is impossible to The effective and quick cleaning of the constructed wetland system can only be solved by replacing a large area of filler, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Therefore, if the rational allocation of fillers in constructed wetlands can be realized, it has become the focus of innovation in this technical field. At present, in order to improve the rational allocation effect of fillers in constructed wetlands, some innovative technologies have emerged, mainly including the following modes: (1) Chinese patents CN201620930744.8 and CN201010103907.2 disclose adding deflectors inside constructed wetlands to realize water body The flow is controllable and the flow dead zone area is reduced; (2) Chinese patents CN201710592551.5, CN201610960836.5 and CN201620453338.7 disclose that artificial wetlands are divided by artificial cages, and then traditional wetlands are added to each cage Filling, so that the constructed wetland can form a modular construction effect, which is easy to follow-up management; (3) Chinese patent CN201710976540.7 discloses the construction of standardized packing products, and then the standardized packing products are added to the constructed wetland system to realize the real module of constructed wetlands build.

Although the above three technical improvement modes can improve the implementation effect of constructed wetlands, they still have certain problems. For example, although mode 1 and mode 3 can realize artificial control of hydraulic flow through the setting of deflector or cage box module, considering that each local unit filling is still filled in the traditional natural gradation accumulation method, there will still be some artificial wetlands. In the dead zone of operation, the biodegradation effect in the constructed wetland is poor, and the difference in the accumulation porosity between the fillers will also make it difficult to apply the current simulation and prediction technology to the evaluation process of this type of constructed wetland. Although Mode 3 can solve the above problems, the existing constructed wetlands formed by standardized packing products still have the following problems: (1) In the case of large-scale application, if the standard modular packing products are directly placed inside the constructed wetlands, the (2) Because the surface of standard modular packing products is mostly at right angles, the packing provides less habitat for microbial enrichment, and it is difficult to realize the enrichment of microorganisms only on the surface. Efficient purification of sewage; (3) In order to enhance the adsorption capacity of nutrient salts, traditional packing and standard modular packing products are usually made of alkaline hard materials, and their surface microbial enrichment ability is weak; (4) Standard modular packing is applied Constructed wetlands with filler products cannot easily and conveniently remove sediments in constructed wetlands after treating sewage with high suspended solids; (5) Phosphorus adsorption saturation in the process of sewage treatment in constructed wetlands is the main bottleneck restricting this technology. Ecologicalization and simple and safe removal of middle phosphorus are the technical problems to be solved in this mode; (6) The filler in mode 3 is mainly used for the treatment process of livestock and poultry breeding sewage, while for urban domestic sewage and overflow rainwater Therefore, the construction of standard modular subsurface flow constructed wetlands for the above three types of sewage needs to be innovatively designed. At the same time, the above points (3)-(5) are also the technical bottlenecks faced by Modes 1 and 2.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a standard modular packing for horizontal subsurface constructed wetland and horizontal subsurface constructed wetland, so as to solve the problem of unstable pressure difference between fillers in traditional constructed wetlands, prone to collapse in local areas, The sewage purification efficiency is low, the microbial enrichment ability on the surface of the filler is weak, and the internal sediment is difficult to remove.

In view of the above problems, one aspect of the present invention provides a standard modular packing for horizontal subsurface constructed wetlands, the standard modular packing includes or consists of the following components: inorganic cementitious material, zeolite powder and quartz sand, all of which are The weight ratio of the inorganic cementitious material, zeolite powder and quartz sand is (20-60):(20-70):(10-40).

In some specific embodiments, the weight ratio of the inorganic cementitious material, zeolite powder and quartz sand is (25-50):(30-60):(15-20).

In some specific embodiments, the inorganic cementitious material comprises one of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, Portland cement, aluminate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, fluoroaluminate cement and phosphate cement or more, preferably Portland cement.

In some specific embodiments, the particle size of the zeolite powder and quartz sand is 10-100 mesh.

The present application comprehensively considers the relationship between the component structure of the standard modular filler and the adsorption of pollutants, as well as its relationship with the enrichment and growth of microorganisms, thereby determining the component structure of the standard modular filler; wherein the standard modular filler is an inorganic glue The coagulable material, zeolite powder and quartz sand are mixed according to the above proportions, and the standard modular packing has a high adsorption effect on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in urban domestic sewage, overflow rainwater and black and odorous river water. , and will not cause the pH level in the system to be too high, and the microbial enrichment effect on the surface of the filler is the best.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the standard modular packing may further comprise one or more of volcanic rock, cinder, ceramsite and gravel.

In some specific implementations, the standard modular packing comprises a block body, a side surface of the block body is provided with a protrusion, the angle between the protrusion and the side surface of the block body is less than 80°, and the protrusion A microorganism enrichment groove for enriching microorganisms is formed between the top and the side.

Optionally, the block may be a polygon in any form, such as a rectangular parallelepiped, a cube, a hexagonal prism, and the like.

In some specific embodiments, the block is provided with a plurality of protrusions, and the protrusions are preferably 2-5/m ² , which are uniformly arranged from top to bottom along the side of the block, and two adjacent protrusions are arranged on the block. The interval between the protrusions is 1-10 cm, the length of the protrusions is less than the length of the block, and the protrusions are arranged on the side of the block along the horizontal direction.

By setting a microbial enrichment tank on the surface of the standard modular packing, the enrichment effect of the standard modular packing on microorganisms is strengthened, thereby enhancing the ability of microbial purification in this type of constructed wetland.

In some specific embodiments, the ratio of the thickness L of the microbial enrichment tank to the thickness of the block is 1:(1.2-5).

Preferably, the thickness of the standard modular packing is between 2-10 cm, and the length and width are between 10-500 cm.

In some specific embodiments, the standard modular packing includes a through hole penetrating through the block, the through hole is used to expand the contact area between the packing and the water body, and the cross section of the through hole is circular or square.

In some specific implementations, the block body is provided with a plurality of through holes, and the plurality of through holes are arranged in parallel.

In some specific embodiments, the total volume of the through holes accounts for 10-80% of the total volume of the block. Specifically, the pore size and quantity of the through holes of the standard modular packing are set according to the compressive strength of the packing (unit is Newton, N), and the compressive strength of the standard modular packing should be greater than 100N.

In order to further enhance the microbial enrichment effect, in some specific embodiments, the microbial enrichment tank 4 is provided with a physicochemical carrier material for microbial growth and enrichment. Specifically, the physicochemical carrier includes one or more of an inorganic carrier, an organic carrier or a soft fiber carrier.

Another aspect of the present invention also provides a method for preparing a standard modular filler, comprising:

Mixing the components including inorganic cementitious material, zeolite powder and quartz sand to obtain a mixture;

Filling the mixture into a standard modular filler mold, and demoulding after shaping to obtain a filler blank;

The filler blank is cured to obtain the standard modular filler.

Preferably, the curing is performed under ventilated and dry conditions, preferably room temperature drying is performed under the condition that the relative humidity is less than 80%, and the curing time is 3-28 days, preferably 28 days.

In some specific embodiments, after mixing the components including the inorganic cementitious material, zeolite powder and quartz sand, a solvent may be added for wet mixing to obtain a wet mixture.

The addition of the solvent is to better mix the components, and those skilled in the art should be able to select an appropriate amount of solvent according to their own experience, as long as the effect of mixing the components uniformly can be achieved. Preferably, the mass of the solvent is 50%-80% of the total mass of the inorganic gelling material and the zeolite powder, preferably 60%, wherein the solvent is preferably water.

On the other hand, the present invention also provides the application of the above standard modular packing in sewage treatment. Preferably, the sewage includes one or more of urban domestic sewage, overflow rainwater and black and odorous river water.

The traditional horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland filled with natural gradation accumulation method, because the filler will intercept the sediment in the way of gradation accumulation, and the sediment formed by aerobic and aerobic bacteria cannot be effectively discharged from the wetland and cannot be completely discharged. Solving the problem of phosphorus adsorption saturation will also increase the risk of clogging of wetlands. Therefore, phosphorus adsorption and saturation treatment cannot be carried out using phosphorus-free organic matter.

In view of the problems existing in the constructed wetland system in the prior art, on the one hand the present invention provides a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system, including:

A pool body, the pool body is provided with the standard modular packing or the standard modular packing prepared according to the above preparation method, and a packing support frame arranged at the bottom of the pool body; wherein, the packing supports Racks are used to support the standard modular packing.

In some specific embodiments, a sediment collection tank is formed between the filler support frame and the bottom surface of the tank body, and the sediment collection tank is used for sedimentation of suspended matter in sewage.

The present application forms a sediment collection tank that can be used for sludge sedimentation by setting a packing support frame, which can prevent the sediment from clogging the wetland, and can facilitate the sediment to be discharged from the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system through the mud discharge port, which solves the problem of the prior art. Constructed wetlands with mid-level subsurface flow are easy to block, and the blockages are difficult to remove.

Preferably, the pool body and the filler support frame are made of brick-concrete, plate, steel or any proportion of the three materials.

In some embodiments, a water inlet, a water outlet and a mud discharge outlet are provided on the side wall of the pool body.

Preferably, the sediment discharge time can be set according to the difference in the concentration of suspended solids in the incoming and outgoing water. When the concentration of suspended solids in the effluent is higher than the concentration of suspended solids in the incoming water by more than 5% after stable operation of the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland, it can be considered to remove sediments.

In some specific embodiments, the height of the water inlet is higher than that of the standard modular packing, preferably the height of the water inlet is 1.02-1.125 times the height of the standard modular packing; the height of the water outlet is Lower than the height of the water inlet, preferably the height of the water outlet is 0.95-1.019 times the height of the standard modular packing; the mud discharge port is located above the bottom of the pool body, and the slope of the bottom of the pool body is 1-5%.

In some specific embodiments, a plurality of standard modular packings are arranged at intervals in the tank, and the distance between the standard modular packings is 0.1-2 cm.

In some specific embodiments, the ratio of the height of the filler support frame to the height of the pool is 1:20-1:10.

In some specific embodiments, the surface of the packing support frame in contact with the standard modular packing is parallel to the ground.

In some specific implementations, a certain space should be reserved between the water inlet and the first piece of standard modular packing adjacent to the water inlet end, so as to reduce the influence of the pressure of the influent water on the fixing stability of the standard modular packing, the The distance between the water inlet 7 and the first piece of standard modular packing adjacent to the water inlet end is 10-200cm; a certain space should be reserved between the water outlet and the first piece of standard modular packing adjacent to the water outlet end to reduce the impact of water flow on the sediment. Disturbance influence, reduce the suspended matter content in the effluent, the distance between the water outlet and the first standard modular packing adjacent to the water outlet is 10-200cm.

In some specific embodiments, the size of the constructed wetland can be set in the following proportions: for example, the ratio of the length to the width of the pool is 8/1-1.5/1, and the ratio of the width to the depth is 0.1/1-5 /1, the height of the standard modular packing accounts for 60-80% of the depth of the pool body, the height of the water inlet is 1.02-1.125 times the height of the standard modular packing, and the height of the water outlet is the The height of the standard modular packing is 0.95-1.019 times; the slope of the bottom of the wetland pool from the water inlet to the water outlet is 1-5%, and the bottom of the wetland pool is impermeable by adding materials or compacting soil; A plurality of standard modular fillers are arranged at intervals, the spacing between the standard modular fillers is 2cm, the ratio of the height of the filler support frame to the height of the pool body is 1:20-1:10, and the fillers The surface of the support frame in contact with the standard modular packing is parallel to the ground; the distance between the water inlet and the first piece of standard modular packing adjacent to the water inlet end is 10-200cm, and the water outlet and the first piece of standard modular packing adjacent to the water outlet end are 10-200cm away. The distance between blocks of standard modular packing is 10-200cm.

Specifically, the setting position of the packing support frame is below the pool body along the water flow direction, and the number of the packing support frame is determined according to the width of the standard modular packing used in the wetland. When the length of the standard modular packing is less than 30cm, 1 -2 pieces of packing support frame, 1 piece of packing support frame should be added for every 10-50cm increase in the length of standard modular packing.

In some specific embodiments, the side wall of the pool body is further provided with a filler fixing groove for fixing the standard modular filler, preferably the width of the filler fixing groove is 1/1 of the width of the standard modular filler -1.1 times.

The standard modular packing and packing fixing groove are installed by the plug-in method. The number of standard modular packing in the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland is set based on the porosity of the wetland. After the standard modular packing is added to the wetland, the internal porosity of the wetland should be It is 10%-80%; the gap between multiple groups of standard modular fillers is set to 1-20cm, and the physicochemical carrier material for biological growth and enrichment can be added, and the physicochemical carrier is selected from inorganic carriers, organic carriers or soft Fiber carrier, this method can further strengthen the microbial enrichment effect in the system on the basis of the above-mentioned microbial enrichment tank method.

In some specific embodiments, the system further includes a cover plate provided with holes for growing plants. The cover plate is preferably prepared from brick-concrete, plate, steel or any mixture of the three.

In order to ensure the gas exchange wetland top cover plate should be provided with holes, the total area of the holes accounts for 1%-90% of the total area of the cover plate; the holes on the cover plate can be planted with plants, such as reeds, cattails, canna, narrow-leaved green reeds or For the mixed plant community in any proportion of the four, the number of planted plant apertures should be less than or equal to 95% of the total number of holes; in addition, the cover plate on the top of a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland with standard modular packing can also be meshed, with mesh holes. Cocoa plants are grown between.

In some specific embodiments, the system further includes a cage box, the cage box is arranged inside the pool body, and the standard modular packing is arranged inside the cage box, for strengthening the standard modular packing 1 support.

In the case of a large application area, it may be considered to enhance the structural stability of the wetland internal filler by setting the cage box; wherein, the cage box is made of plate, steel or a mixture of the two in any proportion, and the shape can be cuboid or cube . The cage box needs to have four or more sides with hollow design, so as to ensure that the water body in the wetland can enter the cage box. In order to facilitate the installation of the standard modular packing, the wall of the cage can be provided with a packing fixing groove, and the opening width of the packing fixing groove is determined according to the thickness of the standard modular packing, and the size ratio of the two is 1:1-1.1:1. The opening depth of the fixed groove is determined according to the length of the standard modular packing 1, and the ratio of the two lengths is 1:100-1:10. The number of the packing fixed grooves is the same as that of the standard modular packing; the standard modular packing and the packing fixed groove After installation in the plug-in method, the cage can be placed inside the wetland, and then the standard modular fill can be placed in the re-cage to enhance the support of the fill.

On the other hand, the present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned horizontal subsurface constructed wetland system in sewage treatment. Preferably, the sewage includes one or more of urban domestic sewage, overflow rainwater and black and odorous river water. .

On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for treating sewage by utilizing the above-mentioned horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system, comprising:

operating the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland system in an intermittent or continuous flow mode;

monitoring the phosphate content in the water body at the water inlet and the water outlet;

When the phosphate content in the water body at the water outlet reaches more than 95% of the phosphate content in the water body at the water inlet, sewage treatment is performed.

In some embodiments, the hydraulic load of the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland system is controlled to be 10-100 cm/day.

In some specific embodiments, the sewage treatment includes:

S1 introduces sewage, and closes the valves at the water inlet and outlet;

S2 adds glucose and ammonium chloride to the remaining water body in the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland;

S3 performs aeration treatment on the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland system;

S4 discharges the water body and sediment in the system through the mud discharge port.

The implementation principle of the sewage treatment method of the present application is based on the characteristics that the enrichment and growth of aerobic and aerobic bacteria need to utilize organic matter and phosphorus in proportion, and by injecting phosphorus-free organic matter (glucose or sucrose) into the water body to promote aerobic and heterooxic bacteria In the state that the phosphorus content in the sewage is not enough for its growth and enrichment, the bacteria absorb and utilize the adsorbed phosphorus on the surface of the filler, so as to achieve the effect of removing the adsorbed fixed phosphorus on the filler, and then pass the sludge discharge method. To achieve complete removal of phosphorus from the system.

In some specific embodiments, in the step S2, when the biological oxygen demand in the water body reaches 100-800 mg/L and the ammonia nitrogen content reaches 1-50 mg/L, the step S3 is performed.

In some specific embodiments, in step S3, when the dissolved oxygen content in the water body reaches more than 1 mg/L, the biological oxygen demand is reduced to 10-50 mg/L and the ammonia nitrogen content is reduced to 1-10 mg/L, the exposure is stopped. gas.

In some specific embodiments, the water body is allowed to stand after the aeration treatment, preferably for 1-30 minutes.

In some specific embodiments, steps S1-S4 are repeated 2-5 times.

The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned standard modular packing and the above-mentioned horizontal subsurface constructed wetland system in sewage treatment, especially the application in the treatment of urban domestic sewage, overflow rainwater and black and odorous river water.

In some specific embodiments, the characteristics of the sewage water body are: chemical oxygen demand content is 10-500mg/L, biological oxygen demand content is 0-400mg/L, ammonia nitrogen content is 1-40mg/L, total nitrogen content is 1-40mg/L It is 2-50mg/L, and the total phosphorus content is 0-10mg/L.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following characteristics:

The standard modular packing with a specific structure prepared by the proportion of raw materials in this application has a high adsorption effect on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in urban domestic sewage, overflow rainwater and black and odorous river water bodies, and will not cause the system If the internal pH level is too high, the microbial enrichment effect on the surface of the packing is the best; by setting a microbial enrichment tank on the standard modular packing and placing a physicochemical carrier in the microbial enrichment tank, the microbial enrichment in the standard modular constructed wetland of the packing can be solved. The problem of weaker capacity, thereby strengthening the microbial purification effect of the process. The present application also provides a specific horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system. Through the optimized installation configuration of standard modular packing products in the wetland, the stability of the packing structure inside the wetland is improved. It collects sediment and provides an easy method for wetland sediment removal. Based on the principle of biological phosphorus removal technology, the present application provides a method for using a horizontal subsurface constructed wetland system, which solves the problem of phosphorus adsorption and saturation in constructed wetlands.

Description of drawings

1 is a cross-sectional view of the standard modular packing prepared in Example 1;

Figure 2 is a side view of the standard modular packing prepared in Example 1;

Figure 3 is a bottom view of the standard modular packing prepared in Example 1;

Figure 4 is a side view of the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland used in Application Example 1;

Fig. 5 is the top view of the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland used in Application Example 1;

Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the water inlet of the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland used in Application Example 1;

Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the water outlet of the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland used in Application Example 1;

8 is a side view of the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland used in Application Example 2;

Fig. 9 is the top view of the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland used in Application Example 2;

Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the water inlet of the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland used in Application Example 2;

Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of the water outlet of the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland used in Application Example 2;

Description of reference numerals: 1-filler; 2-through hole; 3-protrusion; 4-microorganism enrichment tank; 5-fixed tank interface; 6-pool body; 7-water inlet; 8-water outlet; 9-support Rack; 10-mud outlet; 11-cover plate; 12-fixed slot; 13-sediment collection slot; 14-cage box.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments It is only a part of the embodiments of the present application, but not all of the embodiments.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the application as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Unless otherwise specified, the operations and processing methods involved in the present invention belong to conventional methods in the art.

Unless otherwise specified, the instruments used in the present invention are conventional instruments in the field.

The detection method involved in the specific embodiment of the present invention is as follows:

Among them, fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis adopts ABI7500 real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument;

Among them, the compressive strength is measured by a material pressure measuring instrument (50-10000N);

Among them, the porosity, total pore volume and pore size were tested by mercury porosimetry, and the instrument used was a high-performance automatic mercury porosimeter AutoPore IV 9500;

Among them, the BET specific surface area was tested by an automatic BET specific surface area analyzer (3H-2000BET-A);

Among them, the total phosphorus removal is calculated according to the following formula:

P represents the total phosphorus removal amount, C ₀ represents the total phosphorus content of the influent (mg/L), C represents the total phosphorus content of the effluent (mg/L), V represents the liquid volume (L), and W represents the filler amount (g); Phosphorus content was tested according to "Standard Test Method for Urban Sewage Water Quality"-CJ/T51-2018.

Among them, the ammonia nitrogen biological removal rate is calculated according to the following formula:

The ammonia nitrogen biological removal rate is q _max (h ^-1 ), where S0 is the initial ammonia nitrogen concentration, Se is the effluent ammonia nitrogen concentration after t (h), t is set to 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours, and X is Filling volume; the test was carried out by sequencing batch experiment, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration was tested according to the "Standard Test Method for Urban Sewage Water Quality"-CJ/T51-2018.

[Example 1]

Standard Modular Wetland Pack Preparation:

First, 25wt.% Portland cement, 60wt.% zeolite powder and 15wt.% quartz sand were dry-mixed to obtain a uniform dry mixture (wherein, the standard of uniformity is uniform color and particle dispersion); Water is added to the mixed filler for wet mixing to obtain a uniform wet mixture (wherein, the standard of uniformity is uniform humidity, uniform color, uniform particle size and dispersion); wherein, the quality of the wet mixing water is the inorganic glue 60% of the total mass of the coagulant material and zeolite powder; then the mixed filler is added to the preparation mold for shaping; finally, the prepared wetland filler is demolded, and the demolded mixed filler is placed in a ventilated place with a relative humidity of 60% After curing for 7 days, the standard modular packing can be obtained, and the obtained standard modular packing is tested, and the test results are shown in Table 2. At the same time, the obtained standard modular packing was compared with the traditional wetland packing, and the test results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

gravel Zeolite Standardized packing Total pore volume (cm³/g) 0.001 0.072 0.213 Pore size (nm) 9 16 694 BET specific surface area (m²/g) 0.53 34.56 230.25 Total phosphorus removal (mg/g) 0.02 0.08 7.58

Please refer to Fig. 1-3, the standard modular packing 1 prepared in Example 1 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, a thickness of 2 cm, a length and a width of 10 cm and a width of 5 cm, respectively; Hole 2, so as to expand the contact area between the filler and the water body and optimize the water flow state in the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland. The total volume of the through hole 2 accounts for 60% of the total volume of the filler, and the compressive strength of the standard modular filler 1 is 3000N; the standard module The surface of the chemical filler 1 is provided with a protrusion 3, and the angle between the protrusion 3 and the surface of the standard modular filler 1 is 50 degrees, and a microorganism enrichment tank 4 for enriching microorganisms is formed to strengthen the enrichment effect of the filler on microorganisms, thereby To enhance the ability of microbial purification in this type of constructed wetland, the thickness L of the microbial enrichment tank 4 is smaller than that of the standard modular packing 1, and the ratio of the two thicknesses is 1:2. The fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis method was used to determine the number of copies of 16sRDNA on the surface of the packing per unit volume. , and then evaluate the enrichment effect of microorganisms. The test results show that the copy number of 16sRDNA in the enrichment tank is 8.32±1.56×10 ⁸ /g, while the copy number of 16sRDNA in other surface parts of the filler is only 5.19±2.47×10 ⁵ /g. The results showed that the microbial biomass in the enrichment tank was about 1000 times that of other parts.

[Example 2]

The method is the same as in Example 1, except that the raw materials are 50 wt.% Portland cement, 30 wt.% zeolite powder and 20 wt.% quartz sand to obtain standard modular fillers, and test the obtained standard modular fillers. The test results as shown in Table 2.

[Example 3]

The method is the same as in Example 1, except that the raw materials are 60wt.% Portland cement, 10wt.% zeolite powder and 30wt.% quartz sand to obtain standard modular fillers, and test the obtained standard modular fillers. The test results as shown in Table 2.

[Example 4]

The method is the same as in Example 1, except that the raw materials are 40wt.% Portland cement, 40wt.% zeolite powder and 20wt.% quartz sand to obtain standard modular fillers, and test the obtained standard modular fillers. The test results as shown in Table 2.

[Comparative Example 1]

Standard Modular Wetland Pack Preparation:

First, water is added to the Portland cement for wet mixing to obtain a uniform wet mixture (wherein, the standard of uniformity is uniform humidity, uniform color, uniform particle size and dispersion); wherein, the quality of the wet mixing water is 60% of the total mass of the Portland cement; then the mixed filler is added to the preparation mold for shaping; finally, the prepared wetland filler is demolded, and the demolded mixed filler is placed in a ventilated place with a relative humidity of 60 % of the dry site is cured, and standard modular packing can be obtained after curing for 7 days. The obtained standard modular packing is tested, and the test results are shown in Table 2.

[Comparative Example 2]

The method is the same as that of Comparative Example 1, except that the raw material is zeolite powder, the mass of the wet mixing water is 60% of the total mass of the zeolite powder, and a standard modular packing is obtained, and the obtained standard modular packing is tested, and the test result is: shown in Table 2.

[Comparative Example 3]

The method is the same as that of Comparative Example 1, except that the raw material is quartz sand, and a standard modular packing is obtained. The obtained standard modular packing is tested, and the test results are shown in Table 2.

[Comparative Example 4]

The method is the same as that of Comparative Example 1, except that the raw materials are quartz sand and zeolite powder (for example, 50wt% quartz sand + 50% zeolite powder), and standard modular packing is obtained, and the obtained standard modular packing is tested, and the test results are shown in Table 2. .

[Comparative Example 5]

The method is the same as that of Comparative Example 1, except that the raw materials are quartz sand and Portland cement (for example, 50wt% quartz sand + 50% Portland cement) to obtain standard modular fillers, and the obtained standard modular fillers are tested, and the test results are as follows: shown in Table 2.

[Comparative Example 6]

The method is the same as that of Comparative Example 1, except that the raw materials are Portland cement and zeolite powder (for example, 50wt% Portland cement + 50% zeolite powder) to obtain standard modular fillers, and the obtained standard modular fillers are tested, and the test results are as follows: shown in Table 2.

[Comparative Example 7]

The method is the same as in Example 1, except that the raw materials are 80 wt.% Portland cement, 10 wt.% zeolite powder and 10 wt.% quartz sand to obtain standard modular fillers, and the obtained standard modular fillers are tested, and the test results as shown in Table 2.

[Comparative Example 8]

The method is the same as in Example 1, except that the raw materials are 10wt.% Portland cement, 10wt.% zeolite powder and 80wt.% quartz sand to obtain standard modular fillers, and the obtained standard modular fillers are tested, and the test results as shown in Table 2.

[Comparative Example 9]

The method is the same as in Example 1, except that the raw materials are 10wt.% Portland cement, 80wt.% zeolite powder and 10wt.% quartz sand to obtain standard modular fillers, and the obtained standard modular fillers are tested, and the test results as shown in Table 2.

Table 2

- Indicates that the filler cannot be formed and the sample structural characteristics (strength and porosity) cannot be tested

It can be seen from Table 2 that the proportions of Portland cement, zeolite powder and quartz sand have relative effects on strength, porosity, total phosphorus removal and ammonia nitrogen biological removal rate. For example, although the standard modular filler in Comparative Example 7 has good phosphorus removal and strength, its pore density is extremely low, and too much cement will lead to a very high pH of the filler (pH>10), so the pH of the water body is greater than 9, which is not in line with national sewage Treatment-related standards; Comparative Example 8, although the porosity, total phosphorus removal and ammonia nitrogen biological removal rate are guaranteed, but the standard modular packing has extremely low strength, the packing cannot guarantee the modular effect for a long time, and is easy to break.

[Comparative Example 10]

The method is the same as that of Comparative Example 1, except that the prepared standard modular packing does not include protrusions and microbial enrichment grooves, and the obtained standard modular packing is subjected to fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis method to determine the number of copies of 16sRDNA on the surface of the packing per unit volume, without this structural design. The results below show that the 16sRDNA copy number range in the packing material, which characterizes the bioconcentration rate, is 4.23×10 ⁵ -1.16×10 ⁷ /g.

[Application example 1]

4-7, the size of the constructed wetland can be set as follows: the constructed wetland includes a pool body 6, and the pool body is provided with the standard modular packing 1 prepared according to the method of Example 1, and the The filler support frame 9 at the bottom of the pool body is provided with a water inlet 7 , a water outlet 8 and a mud discharge port 10 . Specifically, the height of the standard modular packing 1 is 80 cm, the length of the pool body 6 is 15.5 m, the width is 3 m, and the depth is 1 m, the water inlet 7 is located 10 cm above the top of the standard modular packing 1, The water outlet 8 is located 1 cm below the top of the standard modular packing 1; the slope of the bottom of the wetland pool from the water inlet end to the water outlet end is 3%, and the bottom of the wetland pool body is impermeable by adding materials or compacting soil. The bottom of the wetland pool body 6 is provided with a filler support frame 9, and its setting position is below the wetland pool body 6 along the water flow direction. The number of filler support frames 9 is set according to the width of the standard modular filler 1 used in the wetland pool body 6. When the length of the chemical filler 1 is less than 30cm, 1-2 filler support frames 9 should be installed, and one filler support frame should be added for every 10-50cm increase in the length of the standard modular filler 1; the height of the filler support frame is 5cm, and the filler The surface of the support frame 9 in contact with the standard modular packing 1 is parallel to the ground and has no slope setting. By arranging the packing support frame 9, a sediment collection tank 13 can be formed between the bottom of the horizontal underflow constructed wetland, the packing support frame 9 and the standard modular packing 1 for the sedimentation and accumulation space of suspended solids in the sewage. In addition, the horizontal underflow constructed wetland A sediment mud discharge port 10 is arranged at the bottom of the water outlet, and the mud discharge port 10 is 5 cm away from the bottom of the wetland pool body 6; the two side walls of the wetland pool body 6 along the water flow direction are provided with filler fixing grooves 12, and the opening width of the filler fixing groove is based on the standard module The size ratio of the two is 1:1-1.1:1. The opening depth of the packing fixing slot is determined according to the length of the standard modular packing. The length ratio of the two is 1:100-1:10. The setting of the packing fixing slot Quantities remain the same as standard modular packing set quantities. The standard modular packing 1 and the packing fixing slot are installed by inserting the fixing slot interface 5 of the standard modular packing 1 into the packing fixing slot in a plug-in method. There are 6800 standard modular packings in the tank body. The distance between the fillers is 2cm; the distance between the water inlet 7 and the first piece of standard modular packing adjacent to the water inlet end is 20cm, and the distance between the water outlet 8 and the first piece of standard modular packing adjacent to the water outlet end is 30cm. At the same time, the top of the pool body is covered by a cover plate 11. In order to ensure the gas exchange wetland, the top cover plate should be provided with apertures.

The above-mentioned horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland is used to perform the sewage treatment. During the operation, it is carried out in an intermittent operation mode, and the hydraulic load of the wetland is controlled to be 20cm/day; whether the phosphorus adsorption is saturated during the operation stage of the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland depends on the difference of the phosphate content in the system inlet and outlet water. Depending on the situation, when the phosphate content in the effluent reaches more than 95% of the phosphate content in the influent water, it can be confirmed that the fillers in the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands are saturated with phosphorus adsorption, and the following methods can be used for treatment; During the wetland operation stage, close the inlet and outlet valves, and then add glucose and ammonium chloride to the remaining water in the horizontal submerged constructed wetland to ensure that the biological oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen content reach 800mg/L and 50mg/L respectively, and then aeration The device aerates into the wetland to ensure that the dissolved oxygen content in the water body reaches a level of more than 1mg/L. After the biological oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen content in the monitoring system water body are reduced to 50mg/L and 5mg/L, respectively, stop aeration and settle for 60 Minutes later, the water and sediments in the system are discharged through the mud discharge port at the bottom of the wetland. This is one cycle of treatment. After that, the sewage is introduced and operated with the above method for the second cycle of treatment; after 1-5 cycles of treatment by the above method , which can solve the problem of phosphorus adsorption saturation in the standard modular horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland with packing.

[Application example 2]

For details, please refer to Fig. 8-11. The structure is the same as that of Application Example 1, except that an artificial cage 14 for fixing standard modular packings is arranged inside the tank body, which is used to improve the stability of technical application in a larger area.

During operation, it is carried out in a continuous flow operation mode, and the hydraulic load of the wetland is controlled at 20cm/day; whether the phosphorus adsorption is saturated during the operation stage of the horizontal submerged flow constructed wetland depends on the difference of the phosphate content in the incoming and outgoing water of the system. When the phosphate content in the water is more than 95%, it can be confirmed that the filler in the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland has reached a saturation state for phosphorus adsorption, and the following methods can be used to deal with it; Then add glucose and ammonium chloride to the remaining water in the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland to ensure that the biological oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen content reach 800mg/L and 50mg/L respectively, and then aerate the wetland through the aeration device to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the water body When the biological oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen content in the monitoring system are reduced to 50mg/L and 5mg/L, respectively, the aeration is stopped. The water body and sediment are discharged, this is one cycle of treatment, and after the sewage is introduced, the operation is carried out by the above method, and the second cycle of treatment is carried out; after 1-5 cycles of treatment by the above method, the standard modular horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland can be realized. The solution of the phosphorus adsorption saturation problem.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only used to explain the present invention, and do not constitute any limitation to the present invention. The present invention has been described with reference to typical embodiments, but it is to be understood that the words used therein are words of description and explanation, rather than words of limitation. The present invention may be modified within the scope of the claims of the present invention as specified, and may be modified without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. Although the invention described herein refers to the specific methods, materials and embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to the specific examples disclosed therein, but rather, the invention extends to all other methods and applications having the same function.

Claims (10)

1. A standard modular packing for constructed wetlands, characterized in that the standard modular packing comprises or consists of the following components: inorganic cementitious material, zeolite powder and quartz sand, the inorganic cementitious material, The weight ratio of zeolite powder and quartz sand is (20-60):(20-70):(10-40), preferably (25-50):(30-60):(15-20). 2. The standard modular filler according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic cementitious material comprises calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, Portland cement, aluminate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, fluoroaluminate One or more of salt cement and phosphate cement, preferably Portland cement; and/or, the particle size of the zeolite powder and quartz sand is 10-100 mesh. 3. The standard modular packing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the standard modular packing comprises a block body, a side surface of the block body is provided with a protrusion, and the protrusion is connected to the block The side angle of the body is less than 80°, and a microorganism enrichment groove for enriching microorganisms is formed between the protrusion and the side surface, and the thickness ratio of the thickness of the microorganism enrichment groove and the block body is preferably 1:( 1.2-5), more preferably, the microbial enrichment tank is provided with a physicochemical carrier material for microbial growth and enrichment; Preferably, the standard modular packing further comprises a through hole penetrating through the block, and more preferably, the cross section of the through hole is circular or square; Preferably, the total volume of the through holes accounts for 10-80% of the total volume of the block; Preferably, the compressive strength of the standard modular packing is greater than 100N. 4. A preparation method of the standard modular packing according to any one of claims 1-3, comprising: Mixing the components including inorganic cementitious material, zeolite powder and quartz sand to obtain a mixture; Filling the mixture into a standard modular filler mold, and demoulding after shaping to obtain a filler blank; The filler blank is cured to obtain the standard modular filler. 5. An application of the standard modular packing according to claims 1-3 or the standard modular packing prepared by the preparation method according to claim 5 in sewage treatment, preferably, the sewage includes urban life One or more of sewage, overflow rainwater and black and odorous river water. 6. A horizontal subsurface constructed wetland system, comprising: A pool body, the pool body is provided with the standard modular filler as claimed in any one of claims 1-3 or the standard modular filler prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claim 4, and the A packing support frame at the bottom of the tank body; Wherein, the packing support frame is used to support the standard modular packing; Preferably, a sediment collection tank is formed between the filler support frame and the bottom surface of the tank body, and the sediment collection tank is used for sedimentation of suspended matter in the sewage. 7. An application of a horizontal subsurface constructed wetland system as claimed in claim 6 in sewage treatment, preferably, the sewage comprises one or more of urban domestic sewage, overflow rainwater and black and odorous river water bodies kind. 8. A method for treating sewage using the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland system as claimed in claim 6, comprising: Operate horizontal subsurface constructed wetland systems in intermittent or continuous flow mode; Monitor the phosphate content in the water body at the inlet and outlet; When the phosphate content in the water body at the water outlet reaches more than 95% of the phosphate content in the water body at the water inlet, sewage treatment is performed. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the sewage treatment comprises the steps of: S1 introduces sewage, and closes the valves at the water inlet and outlet; S2 adds glucose and ammonium chloride to the remaining water body in the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland; S3 performs aeration treatment on the horizontal subsurface constructed wetland system; S4 discharges the water body and sediment in the system through the mud discharge port. 10. The application according to claim 5 or 7 or the method for treating sewage according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the sewage water body is characterized in that the chemical oxygen demand content is 10-500 mg/L , the biological oxygen demand content is 0-400mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen content is 1-40mg/L, the total nitrogen content is 2-50mg/L, and the total phosphorus content is 0-10mg/L.

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