CN111245132B - A wire arrangement structure for stator winding of capacitor motor and working method thereof - Google Patents
A wire arrangement structure for stator winding of capacitor motor and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111245132B CN111245132B CN202010176930.8A CN202010176930A CN111245132B CN 111245132 B CN111245132 B CN 111245132B CN 202010176930 A CN202010176930 A CN 202010176930A CN 111245132 B CN111245132 B CN 111245132B
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 486
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011549 displacement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005279 excitation period Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/12—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors arranged in slots
- H02K3/16—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors arranged in slots for auxiliary purposes, e.g. damping or commutating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
- H02K1/165—Shape, form or location of the slots
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种电容电机定子绕组的排线结构及其工作方法，其排线结构包括主绕组、副绕组和分流绕组，分流绕组包括第一分流绕组和第二分流绕组，第一分流绕组参照副绕组的电极相位向左偏移设定的角度，其电极右侧重叠在副绕组的电极右侧上，左侧分布在副绕组的电极左侧与主绕组的接壤区域，第二分流绕组参照副绕组的电极相位向右偏移设定的角度，其电极左侧重叠在副绕组的电极左侧上，第二分流绕组的电极右侧分布在副绕组的电极右侧与主绕组的接壤区域，第一分流绕组与第二分流绕组顺绕向并联后再与主绕组串联。本发明将主绕组的‘定位励磁’方式变成‘步进励磁’方式，并解决了副相‘假电源’供电问题，提高了电容电机的工作效率和扭矩。
The present invention discloses a wiring structure of a stator winding of a capacitor motor and a working method thereof. The wiring structure includes a main winding, a secondary winding and a shunt winding. The shunt winding includes a first shunt winding and a second shunt winding. The first shunt winding is offset to the left by a set angle with reference to the electrode phase of the secondary winding. The right side of its electrode overlaps the right side of the electrode of the secondary winding. The left side is distributed in the bordering area between the left side of the electrode of the secondary winding and the main winding. The second shunt winding is offset to the right by a set angle with reference to the electrode phase of the secondary winding. The left side of its electrode overlaps the left side of the electrode of the secondary winding. The right side of the electrode of the second shunt winding is distributed in the bordering area between the right side of the electrode of the secondary winding and the main winding. The first shunt winding is connected in parallel with the second shunt winding in the winding direction and then connected in series with the main winding. The present invention changes the 'positioning excitation' mode of the main winding into a 'stepping excitation' mode, solves the problem of 'false power supply' of the secondary phase, and improves the working efficiency and torque of the capacitor motor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of motors, in particular to a winding displacement structure of a capacitor motor stator winding and a working method thereof.
Background
In the prior art, the flat cable of the capacitor motor is completely arranged by referring to a 'phase winding positioning' flat cable method of a three-phase motor, and the phase winding which is positioned and excited can turn around only by at least three-phase windings in the step-by-step alternate operation; the capacitor motor has only two groups of phase windings for turnover, namely a main winding and an auxiliary winding which are embedded in stator slots and have 90-degree phase separation, a plurality of stator slots are formed in a stator core of the capacitor motor, two ends of the main winding and two ends of the auxiliary winding are distributed in different stator slots, and when the capacitor for single-phase power supply works, the capacitor for single-phase power supply directly supplies the main winding and the auxiliary winding which are wound on the stator core of the motor after 90-degree phase separation. The capacitor motor uses a 'phase winding positioning' winding displacement method to arrange wires, but certain defects can be generated by combining the working process of the capacitor motor.
In the prior art, the auxiliary winding of the capacitor motor has all self-inductance components from a magnetic flux loop of the motor load, the self-inductance voltage wave changes along with the motor load, and the current loaded into the auxiliary winding can be excessively resisted only by setting the phase-shifting current of the capacitor in a supersaturated output state, namely 'pseudo power supply'. On the other hand, the maximum magnetic pole dislocation angle between the motor stator and the rotor is 15 DEG phase angle, the highest exciting voltage of the main winding of the capacitor motor is half of the peak voltage before the middle end potential of the power voltage of the main winding of the capacitor motor, the load of the rotor cannot be carried out, and the main winding can only carry out rotary driving on the rotor under the unsaturated exciting condition in the middle end (30 DEG to 60 DEG) potential rising stage; the potential changes to 105 degrees after entering the high-end potential, and the main winding drives the rotor in a rotating way under the saturated excitation condition; after 105 DEG, the potential of the main winding is zero in the potential drop stage of the middle end and the whole low-end potential stage. Therefore, in the prior art, the main winding of the capacitor motor can only excite the rotor on one phase, so that the rotation stressing time of the stator to the rotor in the whole driving period is less than 2/3 period in the whole working process; the existing capacitor motor has the problems of low efficiency, small torque and the like, and particularly, when the capacitor motor is started with large torque, the capacitor motor is required to depend on a starting device, so that the capacitor motor is high in cost and easy to damage the starting device.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that: how to provide a design scheme of a winding displacement structure of a stator winding of a capacitor motor and a working method of the stator winding of the capacitor motor, which are used for solving the problems of low efficiency, small torque and the like caused by the defect of phase windings of the existing capacitor motor.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The utility model provides a winding displacement structure of capacitor motor stator winding, includes embedded in the stator inslot main winding and auxiliary winding, main winding with the auxiliary winding is 90 phase angles apart from, main winding with auxiliary winding is concentric distribution winding, still includes the reposition of redundant personnel winding, the reposition of redundant personnel winding distributes in the corresponding position the stator inslot of main winding inboard, the reposition of redundant personnel winding includes first reposition of redundant personnel winding and second reposition of redundant personnel winding, first reposition of redundant personnel winding is referred to the electrode phase of auxiliary winding left offset set angle, the electrode right side of first reposition of redundant personnel winding overlaps on the electrode right side of auxiliary winding, the electrode left side of first reposition of redundant personnel winding distributes in the electrode left side of auxiliary winding with the border region of main winding, the electrode phase of second reposition of redundant personnel winding is referred to the electrode phase of auxiliary winding right offset set angle, the electrode left side of second reposition of redundant personnel winding overlaps on the electrode left side of auxiliary winding, the electrode right side of secondary winding is referred to the border region with main winding, the second reposition of redundant personnel winding is followed in parallel connection with the first reposition of redundant personnel winding.
According to the invention, through the distribution of the first shunt winding and the second shunt winding, and the combination of the arrangement relation of the main winding and the auxiliary winding, when the electrode direction of the first shunt winding on the left side of the auxiliary winding electrode is the same as the electrode direction of the auxiliary winding, the electrode direction of the second shunt winding on the right side of the auxiliary winding electrode is necessarily opposite to the electrode direction of the auxiliary winding electrode; in this way, when the secondary winding is excited, the induced voltage prevents the current of the shunt winding in the same direction as the secondary winding electrode from passing, and simultaneously strengthens the current of the shunt winding in the opposite direction to the secondary winding electrode, so that the primary winding excitation in the 45 DEG potential period can be increased to a saturated state. Meanwhile, when the phase potential of the main winding is 90 degrees, the currents of the first shunt winding and the second shunt winding are equal to half of the current of the main winding, so that the main winding can accurately perform high-efficiency excitation on the corresponding phase at a set time node, the main winding can efficiently drive the rotor to rotate for 2/3 period, and the limit that the main winding can only perform excitation on one phase is broken through. Therefore, the invention adopts a method of the auxiliary phase exciting current to interfere the main phase shunt, changes the 'positioning exciting' of the main phase into the 'stepping exciting' of step 90 degrees, solves the problem of insufficient phase windings of the capacitor motor, and improves the working efficiency and the torque of the capacitor motor.
Preferably, the stator slots at corresponding positions are sealed by magnetic conductive materials in the stator slots where the electrodes of the shunt winding and the electrodes of the auxiliary winding are overlapped and at the stator slots in the electrode distance area of the auxiliary winding, a low-reluctance magnetic flux loop is formed between the magnetic conductive materials and the stator cores at corresponding positions, and the stator slots at other positions are sealed by non-magnetic conductive materials.
In this way, by closing the stator slots at corresponding positions by using magnetic conductive materials in the stator slots where the electrodes of the shunt winding and the electrodes of the auxiliary winding are overlapped and at the stator slots in the electrode distance area of the auxiliary winding, extremely limited low-reluctance magnetic flux loops are formed in the stator core around the auxiliary winding electrode under each pole, the reluctance of the low-reluctance magnetic flux loops is much lower than that of the rotor core, and the impedance voltage induced by the low-reluctance magnetic flux loops to the auxiliary winding does not drop along with the consumption of the rotor, but rather rises to a certain extent; however, the consumed magnetic flux of the rotor is the root causing that the secondary winding cannot load by using self-inductance impedance phase-shifting current, so that the low-reluctance magnetic flux loop can increase the inductance voltage of the secondary winding by 3 to 4 times, namely, the secondary winding can load by self-inductance double impedance phase-shifting current generated by the low-reluctance magnetic flux loop in the middle-end potential stage and the high-end potential stage of the main phase voltage, and the secondary winding enters the high-efficiency excitation stage and can load by self-inductance double impedance phase-shifting current completely. During the period, as the magnetic flux passing through the rotor needs higher magnetic pressure, the loop of the low-reluctance magnetic flux loop is narrow, the high magnetic pressure can lead the magnetic flux of the narrow loop to rise to a supersaturated state, so that the magnetic flux can not prevent the auxiliary winding from increasing current input, the auxiliary winding realizes high-efficiency excitation, the operation capacitor is in an unsaturated phase-shifting output state, the auxiliary winding is powered by a real phase power supply, thus the 'false power supply' of the auxiliary phase is changed into the real phase power supply to operate, the gap of the auxiliary winding in saturation excitation in the stator is fully covered, the motor stator drives the rotor, and the whole seamless linking and stressing of the whole driving period is realized; the motor can get rid of the dependence on all starting devices.
Meanwhile, as the stator does not stop exciting during the period that the stator does not rotate to drive the rotor, the rotor consumes excitation energy under the condition that the rotation power is not increased, and according to the comparison data, the motor has very glaring efficiency increase and running torque increase; besides saving a large amount of electric energy in operation, the noise and vibration of the motor are smaller; the method can save a large number of windings by calculating the current input which is reduced after the efficiency of the motor is increased, can save a large number of iron chips by calculating the operation torque increase range of the motor, and does not need to use a starting device to implement large-torque starting, thereby greatly reducing the manufacturing cost, greatly reducing the blocking current, eliminating hidden danger of a motor which is easy to burn and ensuring that the motor is more durable.
Preferably, the part of the shunt winding, which is overlapped with the auxiliary winding, is an induction electrode of the shunt winding, the part of the shunt winding, which is distributed in the area where the auxiliary winding is bordered by the main winding, is an excitation electrode of the shunt winding, the excitation electrode of the shunt winding is distributed in the area which is +/-50 degrees away from the distribution electrode distance of the main winding, and the induction electrode of the shunt winding is distributed in the area which is +/-70 degrees away from the distribution electrode distance of the main winding.
In this way, the exciting electrodes of the shunt winding are distributed in a region of +/-50 degrees from the distributed electrode distance of the main winding in order to unilaterally extend or retract the arrangement length of the exciting electrodes of the main winding, and the induction electrodes of the shunt winding are distributed in a region of +/-70 degrees from the distributed electrode distance of the main winding in order to cause the current of the shunt winding to generate a shaded pole effect on the exciting electrodes of the auxiliary winding. The split winding is an inner ring of the winding concentrically arranged with the main winding, so that the number of arranged turns is limited; although the required shunt voltage is not high, the secondary phase voltage obtained in the shunt winding by the phase difference between the + -50 deg. region and the + -70 deg. region is used to shunt the primary phase current, which is somewhat insufficient, and weaker as the motor load is heavier. Therefore, the stator notch is closed by using a magnetic conduction material in the stator core, and although a magnetic flux loop added in the stator core and the magnetic flux loop are limited, the auxiliary phase voltage acquired by the shunt winding is more than enough for shunting the main phase current; when the motor is heavier, the reflux magnetic flux in the stator core is not consumed by the rotor, and the auxiliary phase voltage in the shunt winding is increased; thereby obtaining a very stable shunt effect.
Meanwhile, when the phase potential of the main winding is between 0 and 45 degrees, the exciting phase of the main winding stays at the position of 45 degrees, namely that the maximum offset angle of the exciting electrode of the main winding is +/-45 degrees, and the main winding is mainly implemented by unilaterally extending or shrinking the arrangement length of the exciting electrode of the main phase; the shunt voltage is controlled by the magnetic conductive material. Through the reflux magnetic flux of the magnetic conduction material, the sub-phase voltage reaches a supersaturation state in the phase of 45 degrees, the shunt voltage cannot rise after being positioned at 45 degrees, and the waveform of the shunt voltage is a trapezoidal wave. In this way, in the low-end positioning period of the auxiliary phase voltage, the auxiliary phase voltage is completely loaded into a transformer loop where the shunt winding is located, and after the intermediate-end potential of the auxiliary phase voltage, the auxiliary phase current passes through the transformer loop where the shunt winding is located in a supersaturated mode to excite the auxiliary phase of the motor. Here, the thickness of the magnetically conductive material cannot be set too thick, which increases the internal resistance of the secondary winding; but cannot be set too thin, which can lead to insufficient shunt voltage; the current of the secondary phase in the low-end potential period can be set to pass through, so that the current of the primary phase can be split, the phase and the waveform of the secondary phase voltage can be corrected, and the loading of exciting currents of the secondary phase voltage in the middle-end potential period and the high-end potential period can not be influenced.
Preferably, the relationship between the stator slot number Z and the motor pole number P is:
Z＝9*P。
Thus, the electrode winding can be kept at the electrode distance of 9 slots, and the stator winding wound by the electrode distance of 9 slots has the best driving effect on the rotor.
Preferably, the magnetic conductive material is a silicon steel sheet.
Therefore, the silicon steel sheet is a common magnetic conduction material in motor production, and has excellent performance and low use cost.
The working method of the capacitor motor stator winding comprises the step of arranging the capacitor motor stator winding;
When the phase potential of the main winding is 0-45 ℃, the auxiliary winding is excited by medium-high potential with the phase potential of 90-135 ℃, the magnetic flux of the low-reluctance magnetic flux loop is in a supersaturation stage, excitation induction of the auxiliary winding blocks the main phase current of a first shunt winding at the left side of the auxiliary winding and strengthens the main phase current of a second shunt winding at the right side of the auxiliary winding, so that the excitation of the phase potential of the main winding is increased to a saturated excitation state when the phase potential of the main winding is 45 ℃, all the current of the main winding passes through the second shunt winding, and the excitation phase of the main winding is deflected forwards by 45 degrees for excitation when the phase potential of the main winding is 0-45 ℃;
When the phase potential of the main winding is greater than 45 degrees, the phase potential of the auxiliary winding is reduced, the magnetic flux of the low-reluctance magnetic flux loop is changed from a supersaturated state to an unsaturated state, the main phase current of the second shunt winding is continuously transferred to the first shunt winding, when the phase potential of the main winding reaches 90 degrees, the phase currents of the first shunt winding and the second shunt winding are equal, and the excitation phase of the main winding is deflected back to the excitation direction of the main winding;
When the phase potential of the main winding is greater than 90 degrees, exciting current of the auxiliary winding is reversed, and along with continuous rising of the phase potential of the main winding, the potential of the auxiliary winding rises along with the continuous rising of the phase potential of the main winding, so that magnetic flux of the low-reluctance magnetic flux loop gradually rises from an unsaturated state, at the moment, exciting induction of the auxiliary winding continuously blocks the main phase current of the second shunt winding and enables the main phase current to be continuously transferred to the first shunt winding, so that the main phase current of the first shunt winding is continuously strengthened, when the phase potential of the main winding reaches 135 degrees, the low-reluctance magnetic flux loop reaches a saturated state, all currents of the main winding pass through the first shunt winding, and the exciting phase of the main winding is backwards deflected by 45 degrees;
When the phase potential of the main winding is larger than 135 degrees, the exciting phase of the main winding keeps to be excited at a position which is backwards deflected by 45 degrees phase angle until the phase potential of the main winding reaches 180 degrees.
The working method of the capacitor motor stator winding comprises the steps of setting a 'low-reluctance magnetic flux loop' in a stator core of each exciting electrode of an auxiliary winding, inducing 'shunt voltage' in the magnetic flux loops in the working process, shunting a main winding coil distributed by the main winding and the auxiliary winding, alternately loading main phase current by taking a 90-degree phase of the main winding as a boundary line, and changing the original directional exciting state of the main winding into a 90-degree phase stepping offset exciting state; the shunt voltage simultaneously improves the excitation intensity of the main winding at the stage to a saturated excitation state; the problem of too few motor phase windings is thoroughly solved, the effective impedance of the low-reluctance magnetic flux loops to the secondary phase voltages in the middle and low-end potential periods can increase the running capacitance configuration by 3 to 4 times, the secondary windings obtain sufficient phase current for supplying power, and the problem of a false power supply of the original motor is solved; the torque and efficiency of the motor are greatly improved.
Meanwhile, the motor of the invention uses the 'shunt voltage' induced by the auxiliary phase to carry out energy conversion and current loading on the last slot winding and the forefront slot winding which are arranged on the electrode of the main winding, and shifts the electrode distribution phase of the excitation of the main winding, thereby solving the problems of insufficient phase number and 'false power' power supply of the auxiliary phase in the step energy conversion of the phase winding of the capacitor motor, and saving the winding and the iron core lamination in the same ratio in the manufacturing process besides saving the same ratio in the operation of the capacitor motor of the working method; particularly, the starting torque is multiplied, the dependence on a starting device can be thrown away, the manufacturing cost can be further saved, the locked-rotor current of the motor can be greatly reduced, the hidden danger of a motor which is easy to burn is thoroughly eliminated, and the motor is more durable; the market share of the three-phase motor can be preempted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a stator winding of a capacitive motor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a wiring diagram of a stator winding of a capacitor motor according to the present invention;
Figure 3 is an expanded view of the stator winding of the capacitor motor of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate: a main winding 1, an auxiliary winding 2, a first shunt winding 3, a second shunt winding 4, a low reluctance magnetic flux loop 5 and a silicon steel sheet 6.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a winding arrangement structure of a capacitor motor stator winding comprises a main winding 1 and an auxiliary winding 2 embedded in a stator slot, wherein the main winding 1 and the auxiliary winding 2 are separated by 90 degrees in phase angle, the main winding 1 and the auxiliary winding 2 are both concentric distribution windings, the winding arrangement structure further comprises a shunt winding, the shunt winding is distributed in the stator slot at the inner side of the main winding 1 at a corresponding position, the shunt winding comprises a first shunt winding 3 and a second shunt winding 4, the electrode right side of the first shunt winding 3 is overlapped on the electrode right side of the auxiliary winding 2 by a set angle with reference to the electrode phase of the auxiliary winding 2, the electrode left side of the first shunt winding 3 is distributed in a junction area of the electrode left side of the auxiliary winding 2 and the main winding 1, the electrode left side of the second shunt winding 4 is overlapped on the electrode left side of the auxiliary winding 2 by a set angle with reference to the electrode phase of the auxiliary winding 2, the electrode right side of the second shunt winding 4 is distributed in a junction area of the electrode right side of the auxiliary winding 2 and the main winding 1, and the first shunt winding 3 and the second shunt winding 4 are connected in series with the main winding 1.
According to the invention, through the distribution of the first shunt winding 3 and the second shunt winding 4, and the combination of the arrangement relation of the main winding 1 and the auxiliary winding 2, when the electrode direction of the first shunt winding 3 distributed on the left side of the electrode of the auxiliary winding 2 is the same as the electrode direction of the auxiliary winding 2, the electrode direction of the second shunt winding 4 on the right side of the electrode of the auxiliary winding 2 is necessarily opposite to the electrode direction of the auxiliary winding 2; in this way, when the secondary winding 2 is excited, the induced voltage prevents the current of the shunt winding in the same direction as the electrode of the secondary winding 2 from passing, and enhances the current of the shunt winding in the opposite direction to the electrode of the secondary winding 2 from passing, so that the excitation of the primary winding 1 in the 45 ° potential period can be increased to the saturated state. Meanwhile, when the phase potential of the main winding 1 is 90 degrees, the currents of the first shunt winding 3 and the second shunt winding 4 are equal to half of the current of the main winding 1, so that the main winding 1 can accurately perform efficient excitation on the corresponding phase on a set time node, the main winding 1 can efficiently drive the rotor to rotate for 2/3 cycles, and the limit that the main winding 1 can only perform excitation on one phase is broken through. Therefore, the invention adopts a method of the auxiliary phase exciting current to interfere the main phase shunt, changes the 'positioning exciting' of the main phase into the 'stepping exciting' of step 90 degrees, solves the problem of insufficient phase windings of the capacitor motor, and improves the working efficiency and the torque of the capacitor motor.
In this embodiment, in the stator slots where the electrodes of the shunt winding overlap with the electrodes of the auxiliary winding 2, and at the stator slots where the electrodes of the auxiliary winding 2 are spaced from the regions, magnetic conductive materials are used to seal the stator slots at the corresponding positions, a low reluctance magnetic flux loop 5 is formed between the magnetic conductive materials and the stator cores at the corresponding positions, and non-magnetic conductive materials are used to seal the stator slots at the corresponding positions at the stator slots at the rest positions.
The capacitive phase shift is: "when an alternating voltage is applied to one end of the capacitor, the other end of the capacitor will discharge a charge corresponding to its capacity, and when this current passes through the secondary winding 2, the self-inductance of the secondary winding 2 will form a phase-shifted voltage across it. Therefore, the capacitor phase shift is to convert the alternating voltage into alternating current by the capacitor and then restore the alternating current into phase-shifted alternating voltage by the auxiliary winding 2; thus, the setting of the capacitive phase-shift current must be limited by the self-inductance impedance of the secondary winding 2.
In this way, by closing the stator slots at corresponding positions by using magnetic conductive materials in the stator slots where the electrodes of the shunt winding overlap with the electrodes of the auxiliary winding 2 and the stator slots in the electrode distance area of the auxiliary winding 2, a very limited low reluctance magnetic flux loop 5 is formed in the stator core around the electrodes of the auxiliary winding 2 under each pole, the reluctance of the low reluctance magnetic flux loop 5 is much lower than that of the rotor core, and the impedance voltage induced by the low reluctance magnetic flux loop 5 to the auxiliary winding 2 does not drop along with the rotor consumption, but rather rises to some extent; however, the rotor consumption magnetic flux is the root causing that the secondary winding 2 cannot load by using self-inductance impedance phase-shifting current, so that the low reluctance magnetic flux loop 5 can increase the inductance voltage of the secondary winding 2 by 3 to 4 times, namely, the secondary winding 2 can load by self-inductance double impedance phase-shifting current generated by the low reluctance magnetic flux loop 5 in the middle and high-end potential stages of the main phase voltage, and the secondary winding 2 enters the high-efficiency excitation stage after reaching the low-end potential stage of the main phase voltage, and can load by self-inductance double impedance phase-shifting current. During the period, as the magnetic flux passing through the rotor needs higher magnetic pressure, the loop of the low reluctance magnetic flux loop 5 is narrow, the magnetic flux of the narrow loop can be raised to a supersaturated state by the high magnetic pressure, so that the magnetic flux can not prevent the auxiliary winding 2 from increasing current input, the auxiliary winding 2 realizes efficient excitation, the operation capacitance is in an unsaturated phase-shifting output state, the auxiliary winding 2 is powered by a real phase power supply, so that the 'pseudo power supply' of the auxiliary phase is changed into the real phase power supply to operate, the gap of the auxiliary winding 2 for saturation excitation in the stator is fully covered, the motor stator drives the rotor, and the whole seamless linking stress of the whole driving period is realized; the motor can get rid of the dependence on all starting devices.
Meanwhile, as the stator does not stop exciting during the period that the stator does not rotate to drive the rotor, the rotor consumes excitation energy under the condition that the rotation power is not increased, and according to the comparison data, the motor has very glaring efficiency increase and running torque increase; besides saving a large amount of electric energy in operation, the noise and vibration of the motor are smaller; the method can save a large number of windings by calculating the current input which is reduced after the efficiency of the motor is increased, can save a large number of iron chips by calculating the operation torque increase range of the motor, and does not need to use a starting device to implement large-torque starting, thereby greatly reducing the manufacturing cost, greatly reducing the blocking current, eliminating hidden danger of a motor which is easy to burn and ensuring that the motor is more durable.
In this embodiment, the portion of the shunt winding overlapping the auxiliary winding 2 is an induction electrode of the shunt winding, the portion of the shunt winding distributed in the area where the auxiliary winding 2 and the main winding 1 meet is an excitation electrode of the shunt winding, the excitation electrode of the shunt winding is distributed in the area ±50° away from the electrode distance of the main winding 1, and the induction electrode of the shunt winding is distributed in the area ±70° away from the electrode distance of the main winding 1.
In this way, the exciting electrodes of the shunt winding are distributed in the region of ±50° from the distributed electrode distance of the main winding 1 in order to extend or contract the arrangement length of the exciting electrodes of the main winding 1 on one side, and the induction electrodes of the shunt winding are distributed in the region of ±70° from the distributed electrode distance of the main winding 1 in order to cause the current of the shunt winding to produce a shaded pole effect on the exciting electrodes of the auxiliary winding 2. The split winding is an inner ring of the winding concentrically arranged on the main winding 1, so that the number of arranged turns is limited; although the required shunt voltage is not high, the secondary phase voltage obtained in the shunt winding by the phase difference between the + -50 deg. region and the + -70 deg. region is used to shunt the primary phase current, which is somewhat insufficient, and weaker as the motor load is heavier. Therefore, the stator notch is closed by using a magnetic conduction material in the stator core, and although a magnetic flux loop added in the stator core and the magnetic flux loop are limited, the auxiliary phase voltage acquired by the shunt winding is more than enough for shunting the main phase current; when the motor is heavier, the reflux magnetic flux in the stator core is not consumed by the rotor, and the auxiliary phase voltage in the shunt winding is increased; thereby obtaining a very stable shunt effect.
Meanwhile, when the phase potential of the main winding 1 is between 0 and 45 degrees, the exciting phase of the main winding 1 stays at the position of 45 degrees, which means that the maximum offset angle of the exciting electrode of the main winding 1 is +/-45 degrees, and the method is mainly implemented by unilaterally extending or shrinking the arrangement length of the exciting electrode of the main phase; the shunt voltage is controlled by the magnetic conductive material. Through the reflux magnetic flux of the magnetic conduction material, the sub-phase voltage reaches a supersaturation state in the phase of 45 degrees, the shunt voltage cannot rise after being positioned at 45 degrees, and the waveform of the shunt voltage is a trapezoidal wave. In this way, in the low-end positioning period of the auxiliary phase voltage, the auxiliary phase voltage is completely loaded into a transformer loop where the shunt winding is located, and after the intermediate-end potential of the auxiliary phase voltage, the auxiliary phase current passes through the transformer loop where the shunt winding is located in a supersaturated mode to excite the auxiliary phase of the motor. Here, the thickness of the magnetically conductive material cannot be set too thick, which increases the internal resistance of the secondary winding 2; but cannot be set too thin, which can lead to insufficient shunt voltage; the current of the secondary phase in the low-end potential period can be set to pass through, so that the current of the primary phase can be split, the phase and the waveform of the secondary phase voltage can be corrected, and the loading of exciting currents of the secondary phase voltage in the middle-end potential period and the high-end potential period can not be influenced.
In the present embodiment, the relationship between the stator slot number Z and the motor pole number P is:
Z＝9*P。
Thus, the electrode winding can be kept at the electrode distance of 9 slots, and the stator winding wound by the electrode distance of 9 slots has the best driving effect on the rotor.
Meanwhile, in the embodiment, the stator winding can be connected into a capacitor motor with different rotation speeds, wherein the number of poles of the capacitor motor is 2, 4, 6 and the like, according to the requirement.
In this embodiment, the magnetic conductive material is a silicon steel sheet 6.
Thus, the silicon steel sheet 6 is a magnetic conductive material commonly used in motor production, and the silicon steel sheet 6 has excellent performance and low use cost.
The working method of the capacitor motor stator winding comprises the step of arranging the capacitor motor stator winding;
When the phase potential of the main winding 1 is 0-45 ℃, the auxiliary winding 2 is excited by medium-high potential with the phase potential of 90-135 ℃, the magnetic flux of the low reluctance magnetic flux loop 5 is in a supersaturation stage, excitation induction of the auxiliary winding 2 blocks the main phase current of the first shunt winding 3 at the left side of the auxiliary winding and strengthens the main phase current of the second shunt winding 4 at the right side of the auxiliary winding, so that the excitation of the main winding 1 is increased to a saturated excitation state when the phase potential of the main winding 1 is 45 ℃, all the current of the main winding 1 passes through the second shunt winding 4, and when the phase potential of the main winding 1 is 0-45 ℃, the excitation phase of the main winding 1 is deflected forwards by 45 degrees for excitation;
when the phase potential of the main winding 1 is larger than 45 degrees, the phase potential of the auxiliary winding 2 is reduced, the magnetic flux of the low-reluctance magnetic flux loop 5 is changed from a supersaturated state to an unsaturated state, the main phase current of the second shunt winding 4 is continuously transferred to the first shunt winding 3, when the phase potential of the main winding 1 reaches 90 degrees, the phase currents of the first shunt winding 3 and the second shunt winding 4 are equal, and the excitation phase of the main winding 1 is deflected back to the excitation direction of the main winding 1;
when the phase potential of the main winding 1 is greater than 90 degrees, exciting current of the auxiliary winding 2 is reversed, and along with continuous rising of the phase potential of the main winding 1, the potential of the auxiliary winding 2 rises along with the continuous rising of the phase potential of the main winding 1, so that magnetic flux of the low-reluctance magnetic flux loop 5 rises gradually from an unsaturated state, excitation induction of the auxiliary winding 2 blocks the main phase current of the second shunt winding 4 and continuously transfers the main phase current to the first shunt winding 3, so that the main phase current of the first shunt winding 3 is continuously strengthened, when the phase potential of the main winding 1 reaches 135 degrees, the low-reluctance magnetic flux loop 5 reaches a saturated state, all current of the main winding 1 passes through the first shunt winding 3, and the exciting phase of the main winding 1 is deflected backwards by 45 degrees;
when the phase potential of the main winding 1 is greater than 135 °, the exciting phase of the main winding 1 is maintained to be backwardly deflected by a phase angle of 45 ° to be excited until the phase potential of the main winding 1 reaches 180 °.
The working method of the capacitor motor stator winding comprises the steps of setting a low-reluctance magnetic flux loop in a stator core of each exciting electrode of an auxiliary winding 2, inducing shunt voltage in the low-reluctance magnetic flux loops in the working process, shunting a main winding 1 coil distributed by the borders of a main winding 1 and the auxiliary winding 2, and alternately loading main phase current by taking a 90-degree phase of the main winding 1 as a boundary to change the original directional exciting state of the main winding 1 into a 90-degree phase stepping offset exciting state; the shunt voltage simultaneously improves the excitation intensity of the main winding 1 at the stage to a saturated excitation state; the problem of too few motor phase windings is thoroughly solved, the effective impedance of the low-reluctance magnetic flux loops to the secondary phase voltages in the middle and low-end potential periods can increase the running capacitance configuration by 3 to 4 times, the secondary winding 2 obtains sufficient phase current to supply power, and the problem of a false power supply of the original motor is solved; the torque and efficiency of the motor are greatly improved.
Meanwhile, the motor of the invention uses the 'shunt voltage' induced by the auxiliary phase to implement energy conversion load current to the last slot winding and the forefront slot winding which are arranged on the electrode of the main winding 1, and shifts the electrode distribution phase of excitation of the main winding 1, thereby solving the problems of insufficient phase number of the phase winding of the capacitor motor in step energy conversion and power supply of the auxiliary phase 'false power supply', and saving the same ratio of winding and iron core lamination in the manufacturing besides saving the same ratio of electricity in the operation of the capacitor motor of the working method; particularly, the starting torque is multiplied, the dependence on a starting device can be thrown away, the manufacturing cost can be further saved, the locked-rotor current of the motor can be greatly reduced, the hidden danger of a motor which is easy to burn is thoroughly eliminated, and the motor is more durable; the market share of the three-phase motor can be preempted.
The innovation point of the invention is that:
1. The invention uses the mutual intervention method between windings to arrange windings to break through the limit that the single-phase winding can only excite on one phase, prolongs the stressing time of the main winding 1 of the capacitor motor to 2/3 period, and solves the problems of low efficiency, small torque and the like caused by the deficiency of the phase windings.
2. The invention also utilizes the characteristic that the shunt transformer can only effectively resist lower voltage, and in the secondary phase and low-end potential period, the motor only outputs shunt voltage, the secondary phase is not required to load exciting current to the motor, the secondary winding 2 is used for exciting the low-reluctance magnetic flux loop 5 in the stator, and the shunt voltage can be obtained, and meanwhile, the secondary phase current of the secondary phase and low-end potential period can be effectively resist to be input, because the transformer has no impedance to overload input voltage, the overload voltages in the secondary phase and high-end potential period are all loaded to the exciting loop of the motor; the secondary phase and high-end potential period is a secondary winding excitation period, and the secondary phase excitation loop can effectively load impedance current; thus, the original capacitor impedance input current is replaced by the impedance of the auxiliary winding, so that the problem that the capacitor phase-shifting voltage is not provided for the auxiliary winding 2 by 'phase current' is solved, and the 'pseudo power supply' of the auxiliary phase is changed into a real 'phase power supply' for power supply.
3. By adopting the scheme of the invention, the capacitor motor has the advantages that in the period of 45-135 DEG of main phase voltage, as long as shunt voltage exists, even if no magnetic flux excited by the auxiliary winding passes through the rotor, the stator applies force to rotate to the rotor like the excitation of the main winding, unlike the existing capacitor motor, if excitation of the auxiliary winding in the period of medium-low end potential of the phase voltage is not needed, the force applied to the rotor by the stator is greatly reduced; therefore, the invention effectively solves the problems of low efficiency, small torque and the like caused by the insufficient phase windings of the existing capacitor motor.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the technical solution, and those skilled in the art should understand that modifications and equivalents may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications and equivalents are included in the scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a winding displacement structure of electric capacity motor stator winding, includes embedded main winding and the auxiliary winding in the stator inslot, main winding with the auxiliary winding is 90 phase angles apart from, its characterized in that, main winding with the auxiliary winding is concentric distribution winding, still include the reposition of redundant personnel winding, the reposition of redundant personnel winding distributes in the corresponding position the stator inslot of main winding inboard, the reposition of redundant personnel winding includes first reposition of redundant personnel winding and second reposition of redundant personnel winding, first reposition of redundant personnel winding is referred to the electrode phase left offset of auxiliary winding and is set for the angle, the electrode right side of first reposition of redundant personnel winding overlaps on the electrode right side of auxiliary winding, the electrode left side of first reposition of redundant personnel winding distributes in the electrode left side of auxiliary winding with the junction area of main winding, the electrode phase right offset of second reposition of redundant personnel winding is set for the angle, the electrode left side of second reposition of redundant personnel winding overlaps on the electrode left side of auxiliary winding, the electrode right side of secondary winding is referred to the electrode right side with the junction area, the second reposition of redundant personnel winding is connected in parallel with the main winding.
2. The winding displacement structure of the stator winding of the capacitor motor according to claim 1, wherein the stator slots of the corresponding positions are closed by magnetic conductive materials in the stator slots where the electrodes of the shunt winding and the electrodes of the auxiliary winding are overlapped and the stator slots of the electrode distance area of the auxiliary winding, a low reluctance magnetic flux loop is formed between the magnetic conductive materials and the stator cores of the corresponding positions, and the stator slots of the other positions are closed by non-magnetic conductive materials.
3. The winding displacement structure of the stator winding of the capacitor motor according to claim 2, wherein the portion of the shunt winding overlapping the auxiliary winding is an induction electrode of the shunt winding, the portion of the shunt winding distributed in a border area of the auxiliary winding and the main winding is an excitation electrode of the shunt winding, the excitation electrode of the shunt winding is distributed in a region of ±50° away from a distribution electrode distance of the main winding, and the induction electrode of the shunt winding is distributed in a region of ±70° away from the distribution electrode distance of the main winding.
4. The flat cable structure of a stator winding of a capacitor motor according to claim 2, wherein the relationship between the number of stator slots Z and the number of motor poles P is:
Z＝9*P。
5. The winding displacement structure of a stator winding of a capacitor motor according to claim 2, wherein the magnetically permeable material is a sheet of silicon steel.
6. A working method of a capacitor motor stator winding is characterized by comprising the following steps of: a flat cable structure having the stator winding of the capacitor motor as recited in claim 2;
When the phase potential of the main winding is 0-45 ℃, the auxiliary winding is excited by medium-high potential with the phase potential of 90-135 ℃, the magnetic flux of the low-reluctance magnetic flux loop is in a supersaturation stage, excitation induction of the auxiliary winding blocks the main phase current of a first shunt winding at the left side of the auxiliary winding and strengthens the main phase current of a second shunt winding at the right side of the auxiliary winding, so that the excitation of the phase potential of the main winding is increased to a saturated excitation state when the phase potential of the main winding is 45 ℃, all the current of the main winding passes through the second shunt winding, and the excitation phase of the main winding is deflected forwards by 45 degrees for excitation when the phase potential of the main winding is 0-45 ℃;
When the phase potential of the main winding is greater than 45 degrees, the phase potential of the auxiliary winding is reduced, the magnetic flux of the low-reluctance magnetic flux loop is changed from a supersaturated state to an unsaturated state, the main phase current of the second shunt winding is continuously transferred to the first shunt winding, when the phase potential of the main winding reaches 90 degrees, the phase currents of the first shunt winding and the second shunt winding are equal, and the excitation phase of the main winding is deflected back to the excitation direction of the main winding;
When the phase potential of the main winding is greater than 90 degrees, exciting current of the auxiliary winding is reversed, and along with continuous rising of the phase potential of the main winding, the potential of the auxiliary winding rises along with the continuous rising of the phase potential of the main winding, so that magnetic flux of the low-reluctance magnetic flux loop gradually rises from an unsaturated state, at the moment, exciting induction of the auxiliary winding continuously blocks the main phase current of the second shunt winding and enables the main phase current to be continuously transferred to the first shunt winding, so that the main phase current of the first shunt winding is continuously strengthened, when the phase potential of the main winding reaches 135 degrees, the low-reluctance magnetic flux loop reaches a saturated state, all currents of the main winding pass through the first shunt winding, and the exciting phase of the main winding is backwards deflected by 45 degrees;
When the phase potential of the main winding is larger than 135 degrees, the exciting phase of the main winding keeps to be excited at a position which is backwards deflected by 45 degrees phase angle until the phase potential of the main winding reaches 180 degrees.
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