CN103166337B - Double-speed winding switch reluctance motor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-speed winding switched reluctance motor. The stator is provided with an even number of stator teeth, and the stator teeth are provided with concentrated windings. The concentrated windings include low-speed concentrated windings and high-speed concentrated windings. The number of turns of the low-speed concentrated windings is The number of turns is more than that of the high-speed concentrated winding, and the wire diameter of the low-speed concentrated winding is smaller than that of the high-speed concentrated winding; among the two adjacent stator teeth, a low-speed concentrated winding is wound on one stator tooth, and a low-speed concentrated winding is wound on the other stator tooth. High-speed concentrated windings, the opposite side of each low-speed concentrated winding along the radial direction of the stator is a low-speed concentrated winding, and the two low-speed concentrated windings are sequentially connected in series or in parallel to form a low-speed winding; each high-speed concentrated winding along the radial direction of the stator The opposite side is a high-speed concentrated winding, and the two high-speed concentrated windings are sequentially connected in series or in parallel to form a high-speed winding of one phase. The switched reluctance motor can not only output high torque when running at a low speed, but also have a wide speed regulation range when running at a high speed.

Description

A two-speed winding switched reluctance motor

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of motor manufacturing, and in particular relates to a two-speed winding switched reluctance motor.

Background technique

With the development of power electronic device technology, microelectronic technology and automatic control technology, especially the price increase caused by the export restrictions of rare earth permanent magnet materials, the application of switched reluctance motors will become more and more extensive. The switched reluctance motor has a double salient pole structure. The stator and rotor are made of ordinary silicon steel sheets laminated. There is neither permanent magnet nor winding on the rotor. There are only concentrated winding coils on the stator. It works according to the principle of "minimum reluctance". Switched reluctance motors have the advantages of simple manufacturing process, low cost, firm structure, good fault tolerance, and suitable for high-speed operation. Strong competitiveness and broad application prospects.

The application occasions represented by the electric vehicle drive system require the motor system to be able to achieve large torque output in the constant torque area and wide speed regulation operation in the constant power area. However, for conventional motor drive systems, it is difficult to meet these two requirements simultaneously. The reason is that the large torque output in the low-speed area and the constant power operation in the high-speed area are a pair of contradictions that are difficult to reconcile. Usually, when designing the motor and controller, we can only try to take into account the performance requirements of the two areas, but cannot give full play to each other. best capabilities in the region. Specifically, several salient pole teeth on the stator of the traditional switched reluctance motor are evenly distributed, the tooth shapes are exactly the same, and the windings are evenly distributed, that is, each stator tooth is covered with a centralized coil with the same number of turns and the same wire diameter. A stator slot is divided into two halves, and two coils belonging to different phases are arranged side by side in the same stator slot. The multi-phase symmetrical winding coils are evenly distributed along the circumference of the stator. Several coils are connected in series, parallel or mixed according to the performance requirements to form a phase winding, and when a certain phase of the motor is turned on, all the coils of the phase winding are energized. The switched reluctance motor with the above-mentioned traditional winding structure can only show good performance in a certain operating area in the low-speed area or high-speed area, and it is difficult to meet the high-performance requirements in the entire operating range at the same time, which limits its application in electric motors. The further popularization and development of applications such as automobiles that require both short-term low-speed and high-torque output capabilities and a wide range of high-speed speed regulation.

Therefore, the present invention starts from solving this contradiction, and proposes a double-speed switched reluctance motor with a new winding structure on the basis of the existing conventional switched reluctance motor structure. Low-speed high-torque output and wide-speed range constant power output ensure the high-performance work of the drive system in the entire operating condition. In addition, the new winding structure can further improve the reliability and fault-tolerant performance of the switched reluctance motor, and the two sets of windings are redundant, which is more conducive to applications in fields that require high safety and reliability.

Contents of the invention

Technical problem: The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a two-speed winding switched reluctance motor, which can not only output high torque at low speed, but also have a wide range of speed regulation at high speed. range, and is applicable to any number of phases and any stator-rotor cogging fit.

Technical scheme: in order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

A two-speed winding switched reluctance motor, including a stator and a rotor, the stator is provided with an even number of stator teeth, and the stator teeth are provided with concentrated windings, the concentrated windings include low-speed concentrated windings suitable for low-speed operation and suitable for high-speed For the running high-speed concentrated winding, the number of turns of the low-speed concentrated winding is more than that of the high-speed concentrated winding, and the wire diameter of the low-speed concentrated winding is smaller than that of the high-speed concentrated winding; among the two adjacent stator teeth, one stator tooth is wound There is a low-speed concentrated winding, and a high-speed concentrated winding is wound on the other stator tooth, and the opposite side of each low-speed concentrated winding along the radial direction of the stator is a low-speed concentrated winding, and the two low-speed concentrated windings are sequentially connected in series or in parallel to form a Phase low-speed windings; each high-speed concentrated winding is a high-speed concentrated winding on the other side radially opposite to the stator, and the two high-speed concentrated windings are sequentially connected in series or in parallel to form a high-speed winding of one phase.

Further, the switched reluctance motor adopts a three-phase stator with 12 slot rotors and an 8-pole switched reluctance motor structure, the stator is provided with 12 stator teeth, and the low-speed concentrated winding includes a first low-speed concentrated coil, a second low-speed concentrated coil, a second low-speed concentrated coil, The third low-speed concentrated coil, the fourth low-speed concentrated coil, the fifth low-speed concentrated coil and the sixth low-speed concentrated coil, the first low-speed concentrated coil and the fourth low-speed concentrated coil are diametrically opposite, and are sequentially connected in series or in parallel to form the A-phase low-speed winding; the second The low-speed concentrated coil is diametrically opposed to the fifth low-speed concentrated coil, and is sequentially connected in series or parallel to form a B-phase low-speed winding; the third low-speed concentrated coil is diametrically opposed to the sixth low-speed concentrated coil, and is sequentially connected in series or parallel to form a C-phase low-speed winding; The winding includes the first high-speed concentrated coil, the second high-speed concentrated coil, the third high-speed concentrated coil, the fourth high-speed concentrated coil, the fifth high-speed concentrated coil and the sixth high-speed concentrated coil, the diameter of the second high-speed concentrated coil and the fifth high-speed concentrated coil The third high-speed concentrated coil is diametrically opposed to the sixth high-speed concentrated coil, which is sequentially connected in series or parallel to form a B-phase high-speed winding; the first high-speed concentrated coil and the fourth high-speed concentrated coil have diameters To the opposite, the sequence is connected in series or in parallel to form a C-phase high-speed winding.

Further, the switched reluctance motor adopts a four-phase stator with an 8-slot rotor and a 6-pole switched reluctance motor structure, the stator is provided with 8 stator teeth, and the low-speed concentrated winding includes a first low-speed concentrated coil, a second low-speed concentrated coil, a second low-speed concentrated coil, Four low-speed concentrated coils and the fifth low-speed concentrated coil, the first low-speed concentrated coil is diametrically opposed to the fourth low-speed concentrated coil, which are sequentially connected in series or in parallel to form the A-phase low-speed winding; the second low-speed concentrated coil is diametrically opposed to the fifth low-speed concentrated coil , in series or in parallel to form B-phase low-speed windings; the high-speed concentrated windings include the second high-speed concentrated coil, the third high-speed concentrated coil, the fifth high-speed concentrated coil and the sixth high-speed concentrated coil, the second high-speed concentrated coil and the fifth high-speed concentrated coil Radially opposite, sequentially connected in series or parallel to form the A-phase high-speed winding; the third high-speed concentrated coil and the sixth high-speed concentrated coil diametrically opposite, sequentially connected in series or parallel to form the B-phase high-speed winding.

Further, the switched reluctance motor adopts a two-phase stator with 4 slots and a 6-pole switched reluctance motor structure. The stator is provided with 4 stator teeth, and the low-speed concentrated winding includes a first low-speed concentrated coil and a fourth low-speed concentrated coil. Two low-speed concentrated coils are diametrically opposite, and are sequentially connected in series or in parallel to form an A-phase low-speed winding; the high-speed concentrated winding includes a second high-speed concentrated coil and a fifth high-speed concentrated coil, and the two high-speed concentrated coils are diametrically opposed, and are sequentially connected in series or in parallel. A-phase high-speed winding.

Beneficial effects: compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The motor can not only output high torque when running at low speed, but also have a wide range of speed regulation when running at high speed. Compared with the traditional switched reluctance motor, the new switched reluctance motor stator and rotor core of the present invention do not need to be changed, and are composed of laminated silicon steel sheets, but the winding method has been greatly changed. In the traditional structure, all stator teeth are evenly allocated to each phase winding, and are distributed sequentially along the stator circumference. Each stator slot is divided into two halves, and two coils with the same number of turns and the same wire diameter belonging to different phases are side by side. Arranged in the same stator slot. And the stator teeth of the motor of the present invention are set as low-speed teeth and high-speed teeth, the low-speed teeth are covered with low-speed concentrated windings suitable for low-speed operation, the high-speed teeth are covered with high-speed concentrated windings suitable for high-speed operations, and the number of turns of the low-speed concentrated windings is higher than the high-speed. The concentrated winding has more turns, and the wire diameter of the low-speed concentrated winding is smaller than that of the high-speed concentrated winding. Under the condition of not increasing the cost and manufacturing difficulty, the current and opening and closing angles of the low-speed concentrated winding and the high-speed concentrated winding can be controlled separately, so that the motor can not only output high torque when running at low speed, but also have a good performance when running at high speed. Wide speed range.

2. Suitable for high-speed operation. In the motor of the present invention, the winding is arranged on the stator, and the rotor has neither winding nor permanent magnet. The moment of inertia of the rotor is small, suitable for high-speed operation.

3. Achieve high performance output over the entire operating range. The invention controls the turns and wire diameters of the low-speed concentrated winding and the high-speed concentrated winding so that the mechanical characteristic curves of the motors working separately under the low-speed concentrated winding and the high-speed concentrated winding are seamlessly connected to realize high-performance output in the entire operating range.

4. The structure is simple and reliable, and the manufacturing cost is reduced. In the motor of the present invention, both the stator and the rotor are formed by pressing silicon steel sheets. The processing is simple, the structure is firm, no permanent magnet is needed, and the material and manufacturing costs are low. In addition, the low-speed concentrated winding and the high-speed concentrated winding are both concentrated coils, which are less difficult to wind and have shorter ends, which effectively reduces copper consumption and facilitates the heat dissipation of the motor.

5. The motor has high safety and reliability. In the motor of the present invention, there are two sets of low-speed concentrated windings and high-speed concentrated windings. Even if one set of windings fails, the remaining set of windings can still be used to output a certain amount of power and torque, ensuring the safety and reliability of the motor drive system. In addition, the two sets of low-speed concentrated winding and high-speed concentrated winding work independently of each other, and the mutual inductance between each phase of each set of windings is small, which has strong fault-tolerant operation ability and effectively improves the reliability of the system.

6. The motor parameters are flexible and diverse. The magnetic circuits undertaken by the low-speed teeth covered with low-speed concentrated windings and the high-speed teeth covered with high-speed concentrated windings are different and can be treated separately. Motor performance is further improved by optimizing the shape and size of the low-speed and high-speed teeth.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a three-phase stator, 12-slot rotor, and 8-pole switched reluctance motor with a traditional winding structure.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a two-speed switched reluctance motor adopting a three-phase stator, 12-slot rotor, and 8-pole structure according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is an asymmetrical half-bridge main circuit diagram of a two-speed winding switched reluctance motor using a set of three-phase power circuit and a single-pole double-throw switch in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is an asymmetrical half-bridge main circuit diagram of a two-speed winding switched reluctance motor using two sets of three-phase power circuits in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a two-speed switched reluctance motor adopting a four-phase stator, 8-slot rotor, and 6-pole structure according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is an asymmetrical half-bridge main circuit diagram of a dual-speed winding switched reluctance motor using a set of two-phase power circuits and a single-pole double-throw switch in embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a two-speed switched reluctance motor adopting a two-phase stator, four-slot rotor, and six-pole structure according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is an asymmetrical half-bridge main circuit diagram of a two-speed winding switched reluctance motor using a set of single-phase power circuit and single-pole double-throw switch in embodiment 3 of the present invention.

In the figure there are: stator 1, low-speed concentrated winding 2, first low-speed concentrated coil 2A1, second low-speed concentrated coil 2B1, third low-speed concentrated coil 2C1, fourth low-speed concentrated coil 2A2, fifth low-speed concentrated coil 2B2, sixth low-speed Concentrated coil 2C2, high-speed concentrated winding 3, first high-speed concentrated coil 3C1, second high-speed concentrated coil 3A1, third high-speed concentrated coil 3B1, fourth high-speed concentrated coil 3C2, fifth high-speed concentrated coil 3A2, sixth high-speed concentrated coil 3B2 , rotor 4, changeover switch 5, three-phase power switch 6, three-phase freewheeling diode 7, six-way power switch 8, six-way freewheeling diode 9.

Detailed ways

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

A two-speed winding switched reluctance motor of the present invention includes a stator 1 and a rotor 4 . The stator 1 is provided with an even number of stator teeth. Stator slots are formed between adjacent stator teeth. Each stator tooth has a stator tooth opposite to it along the radial direction of the stator. A concentrated winding is provided on the stator teeth, and the concentrated winding includes a low-speed concentrated winding 2 suitable for low-speed operation and a high-speed concentrated winding 3 suitable for high-speed operation. The concentrated winding is set in the stator slot of the stator 1 to wind the stator teeth. The number of turns of the low-speed concentrated winding 2 is more than that of the high-speed concentrated winding 3 , and the wire diameter of the low-speed concentrated winding 2 is smaller than that of the high-speed concentrated winding 3 . Among the two adjacent stator teeth, a low-speed concentrated winding 2 is wound on one stator tooth, and a high-speed concentrated winding 3 is wound on the other stator tooth. That is, the low-speed concentrated windings 2 and the high-speed concentrated windings 3 are arranged alternately along the circumferential direction of the stator. The opposite side of each low-speed concentrated winding 2 along the radial direction of the stator 1 is a low-speed concentrated winding 2 , and the two low-speed concentrated windings 2 are sequentially connected in series or in parallel to form a low-speed winding of one phase. Each high-speed concentrated winding 3 is a high-speed concentrated winding 3 on the other radially opposite side of the stator 1 , and the two high-speed concentrated windings 3 are sequentially connected in series or in parallel to form a high-speed winding of one phase.

Further, both the stator 1 and the rotor 4 are salient pole structures, and the rotor 4 is an inner rotor or an outer rotor. According to the actual needs of the motor, the rotor 4 can be set as an inner rotor or an outer rotor. When the rotor 4 is an inner rotor, the stator 1 is located outside the rotor 4 . When the rotor 4 is an outer rotor, the stator 1 is located inside the rotor 4 . There are no windings and permanent magnets on the rotor 4.

The working mechanism of the two-speed winding switched reluctance motor of the present invention is to follow the principle of minimum reluctance, that is, the magnetic flux is always closed along the path with the minimum reluctance (maximum permeance). When the center lines of the stator teeth and the rotor teeth do not coincide, that is, when the magnetic permeability is not at the maximum, the magnetic field will generate a magnetic pulling force, forming a reluctance torque, so that the rotor 4 turns to the position where the magnetic permeability is maximum. When current is sequentially passed into each phase winding of the motor stator, the motor rotor 4 will rotate in a specific direction step by step. If the energization sequence of each phase winding of the motor stator is changed, the motor will change the direction of rotation, but the change of the phase current energization direction will not affect the rotation of the rotor 4 .

The winding structure of the two-speed winding switched reluctance motor of the present invention is completely different from the traditional structure. The invention divides the stator teeth into two groups on average, one group is low-speed teeth, and the other group is high-speed teeth, and coils with different numbers of turns and wire diameters are wound on the two groups of different stator teeth. The low-speed teeth and the high-speed teeth can have the same tooth shape and tooth width, or different tooth shapes and tooth widths. Among them, the coils on the low-speed gear are connected in series, parallel or series-parallel to form a low-speed winding with multi-phase symmetrical distribution, and the coils on the high-speed gear are connected in series, parallel or series-parallel to form a high-speed winding with multi-phase symmetrical distribution. Therefore, two coil sides with unequal number of turns and different wire diameters will be placed in each stator slot. Among them: half of the stator teeth are covered with low-speed winding coils suitable for low-speed operation (more turns to generate greater torque), while the other half of the stator teeth are covered with high-speed winding coils suitable for high-speed operation (fewer turns for higher speeds). Through this winding structure, the originally undifferentiated stator teeth are divided into low-speed teeth (with windings suitable for low-speed operation) and high-speed teeth (with windings suitable for high-speed operation). Through the distribution of control signals, winding switching between low-speed operation and high-speed operation can be realized. The low-speed winding and the high-speed winding are independent of each other during normal operation, the low-speed winding in the low-speed constant torque zone is energized separately, and the high-speed winding in the high-speed constant power zone is energized separately. When one set of low-speed windings and high-speed windings fails, the remaining set of windings can still work normally to ensure that the motor outputs a certain torque and power under fault conditions. The switched reluctance motor with the winding structure of the present invention can not only output high torque at low speed, but also have a wide range of speed regulation at high speed, meeting the performance requirements of the drive system.

The key point of the invention is that the motor can output high torque at low speed and have a wide range of speed regulation at high speed only by changing the winding structure without changing the size of the stator and rotor core of the motor. .

The invention can be applied to switched reluctance motors with any combination of phase numbers and any combination of stator and rotor cogging pole numbers. Three examples are given below to specifically illustrate the technical solution and working principle of the present invention.

Embodiment 1: Take the structure of a three-phase stator, 12-slot rotor, and 8-pole switched reluctance motor as an example for illustration.

As shown in FIG. 2 , in the three-phase stator 12-slot rotor 8-pole switched reluctance motor of this embodiment, the stator 1 is provided with 12 stator teeth. Among the two adjacent stator teeth, one has a low-speed winding coil suitable for low-speed operation, and the other has a high-speed winding coil suitable for high-speed operation, that is, there are still 12 winding coils on the stator, which are called in turn in the counterclockwise direction: The first low-speed concentrated coil 2A1, the first high-speed concentrated coil 3C1, the second low-speed concentrated coil 2B1, the second high-speed concentrated coil 3A1, the third low-speed concentrated coil 2C1, the third high-speed concentrated coil 3B1, the fourth low-speed concentrated coil 2A2, the Four high-speed concentrated coils 3C2, fifth low-speed concentrated coil 2B2, fifth high-speed concentrated coil 3A2, sixth low-speed concentrated coil 2C2, and sixth high-speed concentrated coil 3B2.

The low-speed concentrated winding 2 includes a first low-speed concentrated coil 2A1, a second low-speed concentrated coil 2B1, a third low-speed concentrated coil 2C1, a fourth low-speed concentrated coil 2A2, a fifth low-speed concentrated coil 2B2 and a sixth low-speed concentrated coil 2C2. The concentrated coil 2A1 is diametrically opposite to the fourth low-speed concentrated coil 2A2, and is sequentially connected in series or in parallel to form the A-phase low-speed winding, and the flux flow direction of the two low-speed concentrated coils is in the same direction after being energized; the second low-speed concentrated coil 2B1 is connected to the fifth low-speed concentrated coil. Coils 2B2 are diametrically opposite, sequentially connected in series or in parallel to form B-phase low-speed windings, and the flux flow directions of the two low-speed concentrated coils are in the same direction after being energized; the third low-speed concentrated coil 2C1 is diametrically opposed to the sixth low-speed concentrated coil 2C2, and sequentially connected in series Or form a C-phase low-speed winding in parallel, and the flux flow direction of the two low-speed concentrated coils after energization is in sequence; the high-speed concentrated winding 3 includes a first high-speed concentrated coil 3C1, a second high-speed concentrated coil 3A1, a third high-speed concentrated coil 3B1, a The four high-speed concentrated coils 3C2, the fifth high-speed concentrated coil 3A2 and the sixth high-speed concentrated coil 3B2, the second high-speed concentrated coil 3A1 and the fifth high-speed concentrated coil 3A2 are diametrically opposed to each other in series or in parallel to form an A-phase high-speed winding, and the two After the high-speed concentrated coils are energized, the flux linkage flows in the same direction; the third high-speed concentrated coil 3B1 is radially opposite to the sixth high-speed concentrated coil 3B2, and they are sequentially connected in series or in parallel to form a B-phase high-speed winding, and the flux linkage after the two high-speed concentrated coils are energized The flow directions are in the same direction; the first high-speed concentrated coil 3C1 and the fourth high-speed concentrated coil 3C2 are diametrically opposed to each other in series or in parallel to form a C-phase high-speed winding, and the flux flow directions of the two high-speed concentrated coils are in the same direction after being energized.

There are two sets of windings in the switched reluctance motor, that is, a low-speed ABC three-phase winding and a high-speed ABC three-phase winding. The two-speed switched reluctance motor has a variety of control methods, which can be flexibly selected according to different working conditions. Through reasonable control of the power switch, the mechanical characteristic curves of the motor working separately in the low-speed winding and high-speed winding are seamlessly connected, thereby further improving the adoption The performance of a two-speed switched reluctance motor with a new winding structure over the entire speed range. The main circuit of the motor controller has different forms. Two sets of three-phase power conversion circuits can be used, which are respectively connected to the three-phase low-speed winding and the three-phase high-speed winding, and each works independently, so that the two sets of windings are completely independent and mutually redundant. In addition, the reliability and fault-tolerant operation capability of the entire drive system are improved; another way is to use a set of three-phase power conversion circuits to send out different control signals according to different working conditions, which act on the switching action of the single-pole double-throw switch, and choose independently Connected to a three-phase low-speed winding or a three-phase high-speed winding, this method can reduce the cost and size of the controller.

In the switched reluctance motor of this embodiment, when the two-speed switched reluctance motor is running at low speed, when the first low-speed concentrated coil 2A1 and the fourth low-speed concentrated coil 2A2 of phase A are energized, the magnetic pulling force generated will try to make the motor rotor turn to The positions where the corresponding rotor teeth coincide with the stator teeth comprised by the winding coils 2A1 , 2A2 . Therefore, if the A-B-C three-phase low-speed winding coils are continuously energized in sequence, the rotor can rotate counterclockwise, and the motor can work at a low-speed and high-torque output state. If the energized phase sequence is changed, the rotor can rotate in the opposite direction. When the two-speed switched reluctance motor is running at high speed, when the phase A second high-speed concentrated coil 3A1 and the fifth high-speed concentrated coil 3A2 are energized, the rotor can rotate counterclockwise, and the generated magnetic pull will try to make the motor rotor turn to the corresponding rotor The teeth overlap the stator teeth included in the winding coils 3A1 and 3A2. Therefore, if the A-B-C three-phase high-speed winding coils are continuously energized in sequence, the rotor can rotate counterclockwise, and the motor can work at a high-speed constant power output state. If the energized phase sequence is changed, the rotor can rotate in the opposite direction.

The motor power circuit of Embodiment 1 is shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 . Both Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 include the A-phase low-speed concentrated winding 2A of the motor (that is, the first low-speed concentrated coil 2A1 and the fourth low-speed concentrated coil 2A2), and the B-phase low-speed concentrated winding 2B (that is, the second low-speed concentrated coil 2B1 and the fifth low-speed concentrated winding 2A). Low-speed concentrated coil 2B2), C-phase low-speed concentrated winding 2C (namely the third low-speed concentrated coil 2C1 and sixth low-speed concentrated coil 2C2), A-phase high-speed concentrated winding 3A (namely the second high-speed concentrated coil 3A1 and the fifth high-speed concentrated coil 3A2 ), B-phase high-speed concentrated winding 3B (namely the third high-speed concentrated coil 3B1 and the sixth high-speed concentrated coil 3B2), C-phase high-speed concentrated winding 3C (namely the first high-speed concentrated coil 3C1 and the fourth high-speed concentrated coil 3C2).

Figure 3 also includes SPDT switch 5, A phase upper arm power switch 61, A phase lower arm power switch 62, B phase upper arm power switch 63, B phase lower arm power switch 64, C phase upper arm power switch 65, A phase Phase lower arm power switch 66, A phase upper arm freewheeling diode 71, A phase lower arm freewheeling diode 72, B phase upper arm freewheeling diode 73, B phase lower arm freewheeling diode 74, C phase upper arm freewheeling diode 75, C Phase lower arm freewheeling diode 76 . In Figure 3, the three-phase structure of the circuit is symmetrical. In each phase, the low-speed concentrated winding or the high-speed concentrated winding is connected in series between the two power switches of the upper and lower arms, and the two freewheeling diodes of the upper and lower arms are also connected at both ends of the winding and connected in series with the winding. To provide a freewheeling circuit. The two fixed ends of the SPDT switch are respectively connected to the low-speed concentrated winding and the high-speed concentrated winding, and one of the low-speed concentrated winding and the high-speed concentrated winding is selected to be connected to the circuit through the SPDT switch.

The main circuit of the two-speed switched reluctance motor shown in Figure 3 is very close to the main circuit of the traditional three-phase switched reluctance motor, but the switching between the three-phase high-speed winding and the three-phase low-speed winding is completed through the single-pole double-throw switch to realize two different power flow path. It should be emphasized that the SPDT switch here can be replaced by a mechanical switch or a power electronic switch that can achieve the same function.

Fig. 4 also includes low-speed winding A-phase upper arm power switch 81, low-speed winding A-phase lower arm power switch 82, low-speed winding B-phase upper arm power switch 83, low-speed winding B-phase lower arm power switch 84, low-speed winding C-phase upper arm power switch 85, low-speed winding C-phase lower arm power switch 86, high-speed winding A-phase upper arm power switch 87, high-speed winding A-phase lower arm power switch 88, high-speed winding B-phase upper arm power switch 89, high-speed winding B-phase lower arm power switch 810, High-speed winding C-phase upper arm power switch 811, high-speed winding C-phase lower arm power switch 812, low-speed winding A-phase upper arm freewheeling diode 91, low-speed winding A-phase lower arm freewheeling diode 92, low-speed winding B-phase upper arm freewheeling diode 93, Freewheeling diode 94 on the lower arm of low-speed winding B-phase, freewheeling diode 95 on the upper arm of low-speed winding C-phase, freewheeling diode 96 on the lower arm of low-speed winding C-phase, freewheeling diode 97 on the upper arm of high-speed winding A-phase, freewheeling on the lower arm of high-speed winding A-phase Diode 98, high-speed winding B-phase upper arm freewheeling diode 99, high-speed winding B-phase lower arm freewheeling diode 910, high-speed winding C-phase upper arm freewheeling diode 911, high-speed winding C-phase lower arm freewheeling diode 912. In Figure 4, the structure of the six circuits of the circuit is completely symmetrical. In each circuit, a winding is connected in series between the two power switches of the upper and lower arms, and the two freewheeling diodes of the upper and lower arms are also connected at both ends of the winding and connected in series with the winding to provide a freewheeling circuit. . Among the six power switches, three are used to connect three-phase low-speed concentrated windings, and three are used to connect three-phase high-speed concentrated windings.

The main circuit of the two-speed switched reluctance motor shown in Figure 4 is similar to the six-phase power circuit. The three-phase low-speed winding and the three-phase high-speed winding respectively occupy three power circuits. They can operate independently, with strong redundancy and good fault tolerance.

As shown in Figure 1, in a motor with a traditional winding structure, there are 12 winding coils with the same number of turns on the stator, which are called the first concentrated coil to the twelfth concentrated coil in the counterclockwise direction, where: the first concentrated coil and The seventh concentrated coil is radially opposite to each other, and the fourth concentrated coil is radially opposite to the tenth concentrated coil. The above four coils can be sequentially connected in series, parallel or series-parallel to form an A-phase winding; the second concentrated coil and the eighth concentrated coil Radially opposite, the fifth concentrated coil and the eleventh concentrated coil are diametrically opposed, and the above four coils can be sequentially connected in series, parallel or series-parallel to form a B-phase winding; the third concentrated coil and the ninth concentrated coil are diametrically opposed , the sixth concentrated coil and the twelfth concentrated coil are diametrically opposed to each other, and the above four coils can be sequentially connected in series, parallel or series-parallel to form a C-phase winding. In the motor with traditional winding structure, all stator teeth are evenly distributed to each phase winding, and the windings are evenly distributed, that is, each stator tooth is covered with concentrated coils with the same number of turns and the same wire diameter, forming a multi-phase symmetrical winding. In this way, the motor can only exhibit good performance in a certain operating area in the low-speed area or high-speed area, and it is difficult to meet the high-performance requirements in the entire operating range at the same time.

Embodiment 2: Take the structure of a four-phase stator, 8-slot rotor, and 6-pole switched reluctance motor as an example for illustration.

As shown in FIG. 5 , in the four-phase stator 8-slot rotor 6-pole switched reluctance motor of this embodiment, the stator 1 is provided with 8 stator teeth. Among the two adjacent stator teeth, one has a low-speed winding coil suitable for low-speed operation, and the other has a high-speed winding coil suitable for high-speed operation. The number of turns of the low-speed winding coil and the high-speed winding coil are different from the wire diameter. There are still 8 winding coils, which are called in turn in the counterclockwise direction: the first low-speed concentrated coil 2A1, the second high-speed concentrated coil 3A1, the second low-speed concentrated coil 2B1, the third high-speed concentrated coil 3B1, the fourth low-speed concentrated coil 2A2, The fifth high-speed concentrated coil 3A2, the fifth low-speed concentrated coil 2B2, and the sixth high-speed concentrated coil 3B2.

The low-speed concentrated winding 2 includes a first low-speed concentrated coil 2A1, a second low-speed concentrated coil 2B1, a fourth low-speed concentrated coil 2A2 and a fifth low-speed concentrated coil 2B2, the first low-speed concentrated coil 2A1 is radially opposite to the fourth low-speed concentrated coil 2A2, The low-speed windings of phase A are composed of series or parallel connections in sequence, and the flux flow directions of the two low-speed concentrated coils are in the same direction after being energized; the second low-speed concentrated coil 2B1 is radially opposite to the fifth low-speed concentrated coil 2B2, and are sequentially connected in series or in parallel to form B-phase low-speed windings. Winding, and the flux linkage after the two low-speed concentrated coils are energized flows in the same direction; the high-speed concentrated winding 3 includes the second high-speed concentrated coil 3A1, the third high-speed concentrated coil 3B1, the fifth high-speed concentrated coil 3A2 and the sixth high-speed concentrated coil 3B2, The second high-speed concentrated coil 3A1 is diametrically opposed to the fifth high-speed concentrated coil 3A2, and is sequentially connected in series or in parallel to form a phase A high-speed winding, and the flux flow direction of the two high-speed concentrated coils is in the same direction after being energized; the third high-speed concentrated coil 3B1 is connected to the fifth high-speed concentrated coil 3B1 The six high-speed concentrated coils 3B2 are diametrically opposed to each other, and are sequentially connected in series or in parallel to form a B-phase high-speed winding, and the flux linkage flow directions of the two high-speed concentrated coils are in the same direction after being energized.

The motor power circuit of Embodiment 2 is shown in FIG. 6 . Figure 6 includes the A-phase low-speed concentrated winding 2A of the motor (that is, the first low-speed concentrated coil 2A1 and the fourth low-speed concentrated coil 2A2), and the B-phase low-speed concentrated winding 2B (that is, the second low-speed concentrated coil 2B1 and the fifth low-speed concentrated coil 2B2 ), A-phase high-speed concentrated winding 3A (that is, the second high-speed concentrated coil 3A1 and the fifth high-speed concentrated coil 3A2), B-phase high-speed concentrated winding 3B (that is, the third high-speed concentrated coil 3B1 and the sixth high-speed concentrated coil 3B2).

Figure 6 also includes SPDT switch 5, A-phase upper arm power switch 61, A-phase lower arm power switch 62, B-phase upper arm power switch 63, B-phase lower arm power switch 64, A-phase upper arm freewheeling diode 71, A-phase lower arm freewheeling diode 72 , B-phase upper arm freewheeling diode 73 , B-phase lower arm freewheeling diode 74 . In Fig. 6, the two-phase structure of the circuit is symmetrical. In each phase, the low-speed concentrated winding or the high-speed concentrated winding is connected in series between the two power switches of the upper and lower arms, and the two freewheeling diodes of the upper and lower arms are also connected at both ends of the winding and connected in series with the winding to provide a freewheeling circuit. The two fixed ends of the SPDT switch are respectively connected to the low-speed concentrated winding and the high-speed concentrated winding, and one of the low-speed concentrated winding and the high-speed concentrated winding is selected to be connected to the circuit through the SPDT switch.

The main circuit of the two-speed switched reluctance motor shown in Figure 6 is very close to the main circuit of the traditional two-phase switched reluctance motor, but the two-phase high-speed winding and the two-phase low-speed winding are switched through the single-pole double-throw switch to realize two different power flow path. It should be emphasized that the SPDT switch here can be replaced by a mechanical switch or a power electronic switch that can achieve the same function.

In a traditional four-phase stator, 8-slot, rotor, and 6-pole switched reluctance motor, both the stator and the rotor have a salient pole structure, and the stator has 8 salient pole teeth, which are uniformly wound with 8 concentrated winding coils with the same number of turns and the same wire diameter. The counterclockwise direction can be referred to as the first concentrated coil, the second concentrated coil, the third concentrated coil, the fourth concentrated coil, the fifth concentrated coil, the sixth concentrated coil, the seventh concentrated coil, and the eighth concentrated coil. Among them: the first concentrated coil is diametrically opposed to the fifth concentrated coil, and they are sequentially connected in series or parallel to form a phase A concentrated winding; the second concentrated coil and the sixth concentrated coil are diametrically opposed, and they are sequentially connected in series or parallel to form B Phase concentrated winding; the third concentrated coil and the seventh concentrated coil are diametrically opposed, and they are sequentially connected in series or parallel to form a C-phase concentrated winding; the fourth concentrated coil and the eighth concentrated coil are diametrically opposed, and they are sequentially connected in series and parallel Form D concentrated phase winding. In the traditional winding structure, all stator teeth of the motor are evenly distributed to each phase winding to form a four-phase symmetrical winding.

In Embodiment 2, the winding structure of the switched reluctance motor with two-speed windings is completely different from that of the traditional motor. There are two sets of windings in the switched reluctance motor of embodiment 2, that is, the low-speed AB two-phase winding and the high-speed AB two-phase winding, and the high and low windings have different coil turns and wire diameters. The low-speed winding and high-speed winding can operate independently, enabling the motor to output high torque at low speed and have a wide range of speed regulation at high speed to meet the performance requirements of the drive system.

Embodiment 3: The structure of the switched reluctance motor with a two-phase stator, four slots and a rotor with six poles is taken as an example for illustration.

As shown in FIG. 7 , in the two-phase stator 4-slot rotor 6-pole switched reluctance motor of this embodiment, the stator 1 is provided with 4 stator teeth. Among the two adjacent stator teeth, one has a low-speed winding coil suitable for low-speed operation, and the other has a high-speed winding coil suitable for high-speed operation. The number of turns of the low-speed winding coil and the high-speed winding coil are different from the wire diameter. There are still 4 winding coils, which are called in turn in the counterclockwise direction: the first low-speed concentrated coil 2A1, the second high-speed concentrated coil 3A1, the fourth low-speed concentrated coil 2A2, and the fifth high-speed concentrated coil 3A2.

The low-speed concentrated winding 2 includes a first low-speed concentrated coil 2A1 and a fourth low-speed concentrated coil 2A2. These two low-speed concentrated coils are diametrically opposed to each other, and are sequentially connected in series or in parallel to form an A-phase low-speed winding, and the flow direction of the flux linkage after the two low-speed concentrated coils are energized Conversely; the high-speed concentrated winding 3 includes the second high-speed concentrated coil 3A1 and the fifth high-speed concentrated coil 3A2, these two high-speed concentrated coils are diametrically opposite, sequentially connected in series or in parallel to form the A-phase high-speed winding, and the two high-speed concentrated coils are energized The magnetic chain flows in the same direction.

Embodiment 3 The motor power circuit is shown in FIG. 8 . Figure 8 includes the A-phase low-speed concentrated winding 2A of the motor (that is, the first low-speed concentrated coil 2A1 and the fourth low-speed concentrated coil 2A2), and the A-phase high-speed concentrated winding 3A (that is, the second high-speed concentrated coil 3A1 and the fifth high-speed concentrated coil 3A2 ).

Figure 8 also includes SPDT switch 5, phase A upper arm power switch 61, A phase lower arm power switch 62, A phase upper arm freewheeling diode 71, and A phase lower arm freewheeling diode 72. In Figure 8, the low-speed concentrated winding or the high-speed concentrated winding is connected in series between the two power switches of the upper and lower arms, and the two freewheeling diodes of the upper and lower arms are also connected at both ends of the winding and connected in series with the winding to provide a freewheeling circuit. The two fixed ends of the SPDT switch are respectively connected to the low-speed concentrated winding and the high-speed concentrated winding, and one of the low-speed concentrated winding and the high-speed concentrated winding is selected to be connected to the circuit through the SPDT switch.

The main circuit of the two-speed switched reluctance motor shown in Figure 8 is very close to the main circuit of the traditional single-phase switched reluctance motor, but the switching between the two-phase high-speed winding and the two-phase low-speed winding is completed through the single-pole double-throw switch to realize two different power flow path. It should be emphasized that the SPDT switch here can be replaced by a mechanical switch or a power electronic switch that can achieve the same function.

The traditional two-phase stator 4-slot rotor 6-pole switched reluctance motor, the stator and rotor are salient pole structure, the stator has 4 salient pole teeth, and 4 concentrated winding coils with the same number of turns and the same wire diameter are evenly wound. The counterclockwise direction can be referred to as the first concentrated coil, the second concentrated coil, the third concentrated coil, and the fourth concentrated coil in turn. Among them: the first concentrated coil is diametrically opposed to the third concentrated coil, and they are sequentially connected in series or parallel to form a phase A concentrated winding; the second concentrated coil and the fourth concentrated coil are diametrically opposed, and they are sequentially connected in series or parallel to form B Phase concentrated winding. In the traditional winding structure, all the stator teeth of the motor are evenly distributed to each phase winding to form a two-phase symmetrical winding.

In Embodiment 3, the winding structure of the two-speed winding switched reluctance motor is completely different from that of the traditional motor. There are two sets of windings in the switched reluctance motor of Embodiment 3, that is, a low-speed single-phase winding and a high-speed single-phase winding. The number of turns and wire diameter of the high and low windings are different. The low-speed winding and high-speed winding can operate independently, enabling the motor to output high torque at low speed and have a wide range of speed regulation at high speed to meet the performance requirements of the drive system.

Because in the two-speed switched reluctance motor adopting the winding structure of the present invention, half of the stator tooth sleeves have low-speed winding coils, and the other half of the stator tooth sleeves have high-speed winding coils, the tooth profile and shape of the low-speed teeth and high-speed teeth of the stator can be optimized by the finite element method. Tooth width, respectively design the optimal coil turns and wire diameters of low-speed windings and high-speed windings, so that the mechanical characteristic curves of the motors working separately under low-speed windings and high-speed windings are seamlessly connected, further improving the use of new winding structures. Two-speed switch The performance of a reluctance motor over the entire speed range of the entire operating range.

The above three embodiments are detailed introductions to the two-speed switched reluctance motor of the present invention. In this paper, specific examples are used to illustrate the principle and implementation of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the present invention. method and its core idea; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation and scope of application, which should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A two-speed winding switched reluctance motor, comprising a stator (1) and a rotor (4), characterized in that the stator (1) is provided with an even number of stator teeth, and the stator teeth are provided with concentrated windings , the concentrated winding includes a low-speed concentrated winding (2) suitable for low-speed operation and a high-speed concentrated winding (3) suitable for high-speed operation. The number of turns of the low-speed concentrated winding (2) is more than that of the high-speed concentrated winding (3). The wire diameter of the winding (2) is smaller than that of the high-speed concentrated winding (3); among the two adjacent stator teeth, a low-speed concentrated winding (2) is wound on one stator tooth, and a high-speed concentrated winding (2) is wound on the other stator tooth. Windings (3), and each low-speed concentrated winding (2) is a low-speed concentrated winding (2) on the opposite radial side of the stator (1), and the two low-speed concentrated windings (2) are sequentially connected in series or in parallel One-phase low-speed winding; each high-speed concentrated winding (3) is a high-speed concentrated winding (3) on the opposite radial side of the stator (1), and the two high-speed concentrated windings (3) are connected in series or in parallel to form a Phase high-speed winding. 2. The two-speed winding switched reluctance motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, the switched reluctance motor adopts a three-phase stator, 12-slot rotor, and an 8-pole switched reluctance motor structure, and the stator (1) is provided with 12 stator teeth, the low-speed concentrated winding (2) includes the first low-speed concentrated coil (2A1), the second low-speed concentrated coil (2B1), the third low-speed concentrated coil (2C1), the fourth low-speed concentrated coil (2A2), the fifth The low-speed concentrated coil (2B2) and the sixth low-speed concentrated coil (2C2), the first low-speed concentrated coil (2A1) and the fourth low-speed concentrated coil (2A2) are diametrically opposed to each other in series or in parallel to form the A-phase low-speed winding; the second low-speed The concentrated coil (2B1) is diametrically opposed to the fifth low-speed concentrated coil (2B2), and is sequentially connected in series or parallel to form a B-phase low-speed winding; the third low-speed concentrated coil (2C1) is diametrically opposed to the sixth low-speed concentrated coil (2C2), sequentially The C-phase low-speed winding is formed in series or in parallel; the high-speed concentrated winding (3) includes the first high-speed concentrated coil (3C1), the second high-speed concentrated coil (3A1), the third high-speed concentrated coil (3B1), the fourth high-speed concentrated coil (3C2 ), the fifth high-speed concentrated coil (3A2) and the sixth high-speed concentrated coil (3B2), the second high-speed concentrated coil (3A1) is diametrically opposite to the fifth high-speed concentrated coil (3A2), and are sequentially connected in series or in parallel to form the A-phase high-speed winding ; The third high-speed concentrated coil (3B1) and the sixth high-speed concentrated coil (3B2) are diametrically opposite, and are sequentially connected in series or in parallel to form a B-phase high-speed winding; the first high-speed concentrated coil (3C1) and the fourth high-speed concentrated coil (3C2) have diameters To the opposite, the sequence is connected in series or in parallel to form a C-phase high-speed winding. 3. The two-speed winding switched reluctance motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, the switched reluctance motor adopts a four-phase stator, 8-slot rotor, and 6-pole switched reluctance motor structure, and the stator (1) is provided with 8 stator teeth, the low-speed concentrated winding (2) includes the first low-speed concentrated coil (2A1), the second low-speed concentrated coil (2B1), the fourth low-speed concentrated coil (2A2) and the fifth low-speed concentrated coil (2B2), the first The low-speed concentrated coil (2A1) is diametrically opposed to the fourth low-speed concentrated coil (2A2), and is sequentially connected in series or parallel to form the A-phase low-speed winding; the second low-speed concentrated coil (2B1) is diametrically opposed to the fifth low-speed concentrated coil (2B2), B-phase low-speed windings are formed in series or in parallel; the high-speed concentrated winding (3) includes the second high-speed concentrated coil (3A1), the third high-speed concentrated coil (3B1), the fifth high-speed concentrated coil (3A2) and the sixth high-speed concentrated coil ( 3B2), the second high-speed concentrated coil (3A1) is diametrically opposed to the fifth high-speed concentrated coil (3A2), and is sequentially connected in series or in parallel to form the A-phase high-speed winding; the third high-speed concentrated coil (3B1) and the sixth high-speed concentrated coil (3B2) ) are radially opposite, sequentially connected in series or in parallel to form a B-phase high-speed winding. 4. The two-speed winding switched reluctance motor according to claim 1, characterized in that, the switched reluctance motor adopts a two-phase stator with 4 slots and a 6-pole switched reluctance motor structure, and the stator (1) is provided with 4 stator teeth, the low-speed concentrated winding (2) includes the first low-speed concentrated coil (2A1) and the fourth low-speed concentrated coil (2A2), the two low-speed concentrated coils are diametrically opposite, sequentially connected in series or in parallel to form the A-phase low-speed winding; The high-speed concentrated winding (3) includes a second high-speed concentrated coil (3A1) and a fifth high-speed concentrated coil (3A2). The two high-speed concentrated coils are diametrically opposite and sequentially connected in series or in parallel to form an A-phase high-speed winding. 5. The two-speed winding switched reluctance motor according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the stator (1) and the rotor (4) are salient pole structures, and the rotor (4) be an inner rotor or an outer rotor.