CN111239880B - Apparatus for evaluating and selecting filters for minimizing glare and color vision loss - Google Patents
Apparatus for evaluating and selecting filters for minimizing glare and color vision loss Download PDFInfo
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- CN111239880B CN111239880B CN202010078763.3A CN202010078763A CN111239880B CN 111239880 B CN111239880 B CN 111239880B CN 202010078763 A CN202010078763 A CN 202010078763A CN 111239880 B CN111239880 B CN 111239880B
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- reduction factor
- grf
- glare reduction
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- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 230000004456 color vision Effects 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 title abstract description 3
- XUMBMVFBXHLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Melanin Chemical compound O=C1C(=O)C(C2=CNC3=C(C(C(=O)C4=C32)=O)C)=C2C4=CNC2=C1C XUMBMVFBXHLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000001720 action spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- VCKPUUFAIGNJHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxykynurenine Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)CC(=O)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1N VCKPUUFAIGNJHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000009517 FM 100 Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000000411 transmission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000426 Microplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004438 eyesight Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010034960 Photophobia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004310 photopic vision Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003711 photoprotective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004296 scotopic vision Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/22—Absorbing filters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/22—Absorbing filters
- G02B5/223—Absorbing filters containing organic substances, e.g. dyes, inks or pigments
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Filters (AREA)
Abstract
Filters for electronic display screens that utilize synthetic melanin to minimize glare and color vision loss based on the action spectrum and the Fansworth-Menssel 100 color test for glare sensitivity are described.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to optical filters, and more particularly to thin plastic films that maximize protection of vision, minimize glare, and protect color perception when a person looks at an image from an electronic display screen.
Background
High Energy Visible (HEV) light from electronic display screens adds uncomfortable glare. However, filters that reduce HEV light often result in a loss of color perception.
The prior art teaches the use of melanin (U.S. patent No. 5,112,883) and ophthalmic lens pigment extracted from oligomerization of 3-hydroxykynurenine (U.S. patent No. 6,825,975) to reduce vision damage and glare from sunglasses. The prior art also relates to the use of melanin in hydrophilic plastic films (U.S. application No. 20030092794). There is no prior art describing how to select a filter that reduces glare based on the transmission spectrum (transmission spectrum) of the glare. If the added blue light is filtered out, glare will be reduced; however, blue light spans a broad wavelength spectrum (wide wavelength spectrum) and there is currently no guidance in the prior art as to which part of the spectrum blue light should be selectively weighted in order to reduce it in transmission or filtering so that glare is minimized.
Disclosure of Invention
In the present invention, applicants describe a "glare Reduction factor" or "GRF (Glare Reduction factor)", and use that term for the first time in conjunction with the well-known Farnsworth-Menssel (Farnsworth-Munsell)100 color test to delineate the best transmission spectra for melanin and ophthalmic lens pigments, and thus provide guidance for effectively reducing blue light.
The optical filter of the present invention comprises: a) a transparent substrate; and b) a filter, wherein the filter has a glare reduction factor of 1.5 or greater and a slight increase in error of no more than 10% on the FM100 color test.
The above optical filter, wherein the transparent substrate is a polyester film.
The above optical filter, wherein the optical filter is melanin.
The above optical filter, wherein the filter is a polymerization product of 3-hydroxykynurenine.
The above optical filter, wherein the optical filter is asphaltene.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the action spectra (action spectra) for glare sensitivity for two targets.
Fig. 2 shows the transmission spectrum of a film of PET with yellow melanin.
Fig. 3 shows an emission spectrum of a white LED.
Figure 4 shows a plot of the mean values in TES (defined below-see definition) and 95%.
Detailed Description
Definition of
1. The Fansworth-Menssel 100 colorimetric test is a method for measuring human color vision, which comprises a total of 85 movable color pawns (color reference caps) across the visible spectrum with hue gradation. Abnormal color vision or its tendency is tested by arranging the color chessmen in hue order.
TES (total error score). Total Error Score (TES) is an accurate test of placing a color piece of the FM100 color test on an observer to form a gradual transition between two fixed pieces (anchors caps); the greater the amount of erroneous TES.
The present application defines the physical properties of optical filters for electronic display screens in the form of thin plastic films that quantify their ability to reduce glare and maintain perception of color, for example. The glare reduction factor provides guidance for selectively weighting blue light into which portion of the spectrum to reduce it in transmission or filtering.
3. Melanin is defined as a natural pigment and is further defined in U.S. patent No. 5,112,883, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference and made a part of this application.
4. U.S. patent No. 6,825,975, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference and made a part of this application, defines a polymerization product derived from 3-hydroxykynurenine.
First, glare reduction factor
The present invention describes a method to quantify the glare reduction, which may employ filters, once its transmission spectrum is determined and the spectral distribution of the light source is specified. The invention also describes the product, i.e. the film resulting from the aforementioned process. The glare reduction factor GRF employs a recently reported wavelength-dependent action spectrum for glare sensitivity associated with photophobia.
Stirling ham (Stringham), gold (full), and Wenzel (Wenzel) (j., opt.soc.am.a/vol.20, No.10/102003) provide an action spectrum for glare sensitivity (fig. 1) which indicates increased sensitivity in the HEV domain at wavelengths.
The applicant defines the average transmission T of light caused by glareGUsing the preceding action spectrum PλAnd the specific emission spectrum S of the light source (here the electronic display screen)λFor the average transmission TGAnd (4) weighting.
The following were used:
TG＝∑SλPλtλ/∑SλPλ (1)
t hereλIs the transmission of the filter at the wavelength lambda.
Accordingly, applicants propose to define the glare reduction factor as
GRF＝1/TG (2)
And using this formula as a guide for selecting a transmission spectrum with low glare and evaluating the glare reduction capability of any given filter.
Example 1, a film with melanin was prepared.
The thin plastic film of PET had the following composition: 1.33 grams of hydrophobic melanin produced by Photoprotective Technologies, Inc (san antonio, southern city, texas, usa), and 10 grams of PET plastic pellets, which 10 grams of PET plastic pellets were added to 100 grams of tetrahydrofuran and agitated for 24 hours. The solution was placed on a small glass slide and the solvent was allowed to evaporate in an air environment. A film having a brown color was formed. The transmission spectrum of the film was recorded in a spectrometer and is shown in fig. 2.
The applicant notes that as the number of ophthalmic lens pigments increases with age, the action spectrum for glare sensitivity may vary according to age. Thus, the GRF will likely be age dependent-even for a particular filter.
Example 2 calculation of GRF for the film of example 1.
Table 2 of the applicant document shows a complete calculation of the GRF used for the film in example 1. In the table, the column labeled 'Lambda' shows the wavelength of light; column labeled 'P' shows P for glare as a function of wavelengthλThe sensitivity of (c); column labeled 'S-InGaN' taken from FIG. 3 shows the spectral distribution S of a gallium nitride white LEDλ(ii) a And the column labeled 'T-YM' shows the transmission spectrum T of the yellow melanin filterλ(FIG. 2).
The numerator and denominator of the product in equation (1) can be determined by summing the terms in the appropriate columns.
For example:
the column labeled 'SP' is obtained by multiplying the columns labeled 'S-InGaN' and 'P', and then the terms in the column SP are added to obtain the term ∑ SλPλ. Similarly, Σ S is obtained by multiplying a column labeled "T-YM" by a column labeled "SP", and adding the products in the column labeled "SPTλPλtλ. Obtaining the transmission of light used for the action spectrum of the glare-induced light and the spectral weighting of the light source by dividing the sum SPT by SP, and by weighting TGTaking reciprocal to obtain GRF. In this example, the value of GRF is 1.77.
This means that a person wearing a filter with a GRF value of 1.77 sees the LED light source (with the spectrum in fig. 3) with a 1.77 times less chance of discomfort due to glare.
The present invention provides both manufacturers and consumers with guidance for selecting filters for electronic displays having particular glare reduction capabilities.
Second, color protection and the Fansworth-Munsell 100 color test.
The Fansworth-Mengsel 100(FM100) colorimetric test consists of 85 'color pieces' of different colors, numbered sequentially from 1 to 85 on the back of the colored side of the color piece, which when linearly arranged in sequence have a gradual change in chromaticity-across the entire visible spectrum, the colors from purple to blue-so that when the color pieces are shuffled or placed out of order, attention is required to identify the colors to place the color pieces in the correct numerical order.
The desire to reduce glare from electronic displays is in conflict with the need to reduce blue light, but this is in conflict with the desire to protect color. Especially electronic display screens, need to have sufficient brightness to read and view details and also because there may be millions of different colors.
The Total Error Score (TES) is an accurate measure of the gradual change in chromaticity that the viewer is arranging the color pawns to form between two (anchors caps); the higher the number misplaced the greater the TES. TES specifications for this test are occasionally published, including those published by PR Kinnear and a. Br J ophthalmol. dec 2002; 86(12): the Farnsworth-Mengsel 100 colorimetric test occurs annually for normal observers aged from 5-22 and several tens of years 30-70 in 1408-1411 and is incorporated herein in its entirety.
Based on the results in the present specification, applicants believe-for computer viewing-the transmission of a 555nm colored film for photopic vision should be no less than 70% and the transmission of approximately 507nm for scotopic vision should be no less than 60%; at the same time, the glare reduction factor should be at least 1.5 or more, and the error of a small increase in FM 100-corresponding to a small increase in TES value-should be no less than 10% for any age group when viewing a display screen with colored films.
Table 1: simple calculation of glare reduction factor
| | LogP | P | |
| 440 | 1.25 | 17.78279 | |
| 450 | 1.15 | 14.12538 | |
| 460 | 1 | 10 | |
| 470 | 1.15 | 14.12538 | |
| 480 | 1.05 | 11.22018 | |
| 490 | 1 | 10 | |
| 500 | 1.05 | 11.22018 | |
| 510 | 0.7 | 5.011872 | |
| 520 | 0.4 | 2.511886 | |
| 530 | 0.3 | 1.995262 | |
| 540 | 0.2 | 1.584893 | |
| 550 | 0.15 | 1.412538 | |
| 560 | 0.1 | 1.258925 | |
| 570 | 0 | 1 | |
| 580 | -0.1 | 0.794328 | |
| 590 | 0.2 | 1.584893 | |
| 600 | -0.3 | 0.501187 | |
| 610 | -0.45 | 0.354813 | |
| 620 | -0.7 | 0.199526 | |
| 630 | -0.75 | 0.177828 | |
| 640 | -0.8 | 0.158489 |
The Log glare sensitivity and glare sensitivity data in table 1 are from fig. 1 (subject JS). Lambda is the wavelength; p is glare sensitivity. (from Stringham, Fuld and Wenzel J., Opt.Soc.am.A/Vol.20, No. 10/102003).
Table 2: simple calculation of glare reduction factor in Excel tables
Table 2 is a simple calculation of the glare reduction factor. White indium gallium nitride LEDs filtered through yellow melanin to reduce glare.
Claims (7)
1. An optical filter comprising a transparent substrate and a filter, wherein the filter has a glare reduction factor of 1.5 or greater and a slight increase in error of no greater than 10% on the FM100 chromaticity test, the glare reduction factor defined as:
GRF＝1/TG
wherein GRF is glare reduction factor, TGFor the average transmission of light caused by glare,
TG＝∑SλPλtλ/∑SλPλ
Pλrepresenting the action spectrum, S, for glare sensitivityλIs the emission spectrum of the light source, tλIs the transmission of the filter at the wavelength lambda,
in the optical filter having the value of the glare reduction factor GRF, the probability of discomfort due to glare when the light source is viewed is reduced by a factor GRF.
2. The filter of claim 1 wherein the transparent substrate of the filter is a polyester film.
3. The filter of claim 1 wherein the filtering agent is melanin.
4. The filter of claim 1 wherein the filter is the polymerization product of 3 hydroxy kynurenine.
5. The filter of claim 1, wherein the filter is an asphaltene.
6. A method of calculating a glare reduction factor, the glare reduction factor defined as:
GRF＝1/TG
wherein GRF is glare reduction factor, TGFor the average transmission of light caused by glare,
TG＝∑SλPλtλ/∑SλPλ
Pλrepresenting the action spectrum, S, for glare sensitivityλBeing light sourcesEmission spectrum, tλIs the transmission of the filter at the wavelength lambda,
wherein, PλAnd SλAs input data for the calculation, the method comprises: transmission data t of the filter is inputted in a constant wavelength increment manner in a visible light wavelength range of wavelength lambdaλAnd incrementally outputting data and deriving T over the same visible wavelength rangeGAnd the glare reduction factor GRF.
7. The method of calculating a glare reduction factor according to claim 6, wherein said calculation is based on Microsoft Excel.
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| CN201410134341.8A CN104977636B (en) | 2014-04-03 | 2014-04-03 | Filter for electronic display using melanin to minimize glare and color vision loss |
| CN202010078763.3A CN111239880B (en) | 2014-04-03 | 2014-04-03 | Apparatus for evaluating and selecting filters for minimizing glare and color vision loss |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1189512A (en) * | 1997-01-28 | 1998-08-05 | 协和发酵工业株式会社 | molded synthetic resin |
| CN1930599A (en) * | 2004-03-10 | 2007-03-14 | 住友大阪水泥股份有限公司 | Transparent laminate |
| CN101779146A (en) * | 2008-06-09 | 2010-07-14 | 索尼公司 | Blooming and manufacture method thereof, antiglare film, polaroid and display device with optical layers |
| WO2013188825A1 (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2013-12-19 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Optical filters and methods for reducing glare from glare-producing light |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5112883A (en) * | 1984-06-08 | 1992-05-12 | Photoprotective Technologies Incorporated | Medium incorporating melanin as an absorbing pigment against electromagnetic radiation |
| US6825975B2 (en) * | 2002-08-27 | 2004-11-30 | Photoprotective Technologies, Inc. | Light filters using the oxidative polymerization product of 3-Hydroxykynurenine (3-OHKyn) |
| US20070216861A1 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2007-09-20 | Andrew Ishak | Ophthalmic system combining ophthalmic components with blue light wavelength blocking and color-balancing functionalities |
| CN101595421A (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2009-12-02 | 高性能光学公司 | High performance selective optical wavelength filtering providing improved contrast sensitivity |
| US20130155645A1 (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2013-06-20 | Tamas Marius | System and method for reducing glare |
| CN102928992B (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2014-07-30 | 李国荣 | Efficient blu-ray inhibition lens and preparation method thereof |
| CN103448312B (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2016-10-12 | 深圳市台技光电有限公司 | Screen protecting film that may filter that blue light and preparation method thereof |
| CN103465418B (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2016-04-13 | 上海康耐特光学股份有限公司 | A kind of manufacture method of anti-blue light resin lens and product |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1189512A (en) * | 1997-01-28 | 1998-08-05 | 协和发酵工业株式会社 | molded synthetic resin |
| DE69839286D1 (en) * | 1997-01-28 | 2008-05-08 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Kk | Use of synthetic resin moldings as light filters for display devices |
| CN1930599A (en) * | 2004-03-10 | 2007-03-14 | 住友大阪水泥股份有限公司 | Transparent laminate |
| CN101779146A (en) * | 2008-06-09 | 2010-07-14 | 索尼公司 | Blooming and manufacture method thereof, antiglare film, polaroid and display device with optical layers |
| WO2013188825A1 (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2013-12-19 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Optical filters and methods for reducing glare from glare-producing light |
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| CN104977636B (en) | 2020-02-28 |
| CN111239880A (en) | 2020-06-05 |
| CN104977636A (en) | 2015-10-14 |
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